the memory in our hearts keeps the history of all the terrible events of the museum of the great patriotic war. he updated the excursion to his funds and allowed him to see objects that may never appear in the permanent exhibition , a repository with several degrees of protection, where the valuables of international importance are located , temporarily became an exhibition site, partisan handwritten magazines, cards from besieged leningrad and exhibits that replenished the collections museum last year. on the example of a collection of arts and crafts art, which is represented here by a collection of souvenirs. and here we have traced. you see the connection between the times and generations, namely some events and human trials. a unique collection of samples that you can see in this repository. these are handwritten partisan magazines that have the status of such cultural values. belarus category number one. we have about 50 items that were received over the past year, and the amazing thing is that this is exactly a piece of bread and

cards for bread, that is, from the blockade leningrad, which was presented to us by the governor of st. petersburg last year, and the word photography and video filming is prohibited, and a group of no more than 10 people can enter the premises. belarusian malyavanki in a modern interpretation, inspired by the traditions of authentic belarusian art, two artists of the folk master-skleska olga peletskaya and a minsker. irina knyazeva created her own painted history . with real artifacts, museum exhibits from a private collection and the funds of the museum of ancient belarusian culture, national academy of sciences of belarus, i did not know that the language of drozdovich was malevany. i knew about his enlightener, already in vitebsk, full of people who didn’t speak up, and the un had already crushed this tradition. uh,

professional bridges. he brought elements of modernity to her. i trusted the threads and who we left such little-known janchinki. uh, lydia kolyaga and maria larina alleeva are so one-word at the very red. the same is not, not just a folk decorative bridge. this is already on improvements from non-stationary bridges. e and eight got me so numb. i just tried. alyona kish and yazep drozdovich were prominent representatives of the true art of belarus. sportsman news will continue to air. and let me remind you that the whole news agency project is available in all social networks, as well as in our mobile application by qr-code on the screen . see you at 19:00. two assists from yegor sharangovich helped his new jersey to confidently

defeat pizzburg in the nhl regular season game. first assistant score, belarusian the striker scored in the middle of the second period, scored no shears, still became 3:1 in favor of davis, the final and third sharangovich was already marked by a productive pass to his brother, his team won, five two egor's time 15 minutes and 23 seconds. made three shots on goal. one blocked made two power moves , the utility factor is plus 2 in the east devils standings in third place, and washington between the body fell outside the knockout zone of the round, the capital lost to the second team, carolinia 1.4 without alexey protos in the application. this is the fourth defeat in a row capital. now ninth one point away from the eighth team.

culture, history, architecture is collected by a man's rudder project, of course,

a cartouche on the central resolution of the design is carved and rare for belarusians. i go into the water e not calmness people are rutted in my soul, i look at the constructions and the current one is inappropriate, ticking facts and nejakano minulog news, and the palace itself of two overhead muravana buddynok from the site, of course, had seven less after the smoke of the film masaaka had cooled down outside the capital on the vdk walkie-talkie, what doe tm the wicked to this polatsu. go culturally with the letnitsky architecture project of belarus on our tv channel.

it is my first thing we get out of the first aid kit when our children are sick, yes, and when we ourselves feel unwell, and with the advent of the coronavirus in our lives, they began to meet him in clinics and hospitals and even at work, surely you have already guessed what i am saying, i'm talking about a thermometer. in the next half an hour, we will analyze it literally in scientific parts. and we will also study in detail, in general, such a phenomenon as the temperature of the body and the human body does not let us confine ourselves to all this in order to prove that science is always nearby. sometimes we just don't even think about it. this is a new popular science project of belse and the radio company of the academy of sciences of belarus in the studio

ekaterina beretskaya, hello, and we are starting. thanks to galileo, let's show how the world's first thermometer number 80 looked like in the mendeleev table why did the choice of the inventors of the thermometer fall on mercury and exclusive program show how and where electronic thermometers are made in our country? before entering human life the thermometer, its role was played by the hand of the familiar truth, which means that this folk method is still alive. here, only it is categorically impossible to call it accurate, and to track the temperature of a person’s body in dynamics in this way. it's just unrealistic. to whom we owe the appearance of a thermometer right now. the idea to invent a device that would measure temperature arose at the end of the 16th century from the dutch scientist van geymant. however, the very first thermometer designed in 1597

by galileo was by modern standards very large and was a glass tube with a spherical end inside there was water, which was under the influence of different air temperatures. changed my state. the first medical mercury thermometer. the italian doctor santorio invented around the same time, marking the beginning of a new stage in the development of specific medicine, starting from the middle of the seventeenth century , various versions of thermometers appear, but they differ from each other only constructively, that is, in the form of content. and in this case , the correct content is mercury alone. why we’ll ask exactly mercury, right now the senior lecturer of the department of general physics of the belgos state university, pavel, is in touch with us hello hello ekaterina, in fact, everything is simple, firstly, mercury is in a liquid

state of aggregation in the temperature range from -38 ° c up to 350, which allows the use of mercury as a working fluid in a fairly wide range of temperatures. secondly, the temperature coefficient of expansion of mercury is practically independent of temperature, which makes it possible to simplify the production process. and achieve a sufficiently high temperature measurement accuracy. well, finally, mercury does not interact with glass. that is, you can use glass, but in the production of thermometers, which is very cost-effective pavel thank you, everything is simple and clear, as we love. it would seem that not a single century has passed, the mercury thermometer is still relevant for many, but with it now it already has the most popular competitors in home life, of course, the electronic thermometer produces them today in our country, if something doesn’t handed over modern devices in the course from the assembly line of one of the largest enterprises in the shops

my colleagues have already visited and are ready to show exclusive footage of the entire production process in our rubric. how this is done by a kind of brain, that is, the key part of electronic thermometers, which creates an integral at a domestic factory, is one single microcircuit, in fact, the entire operation of the device depends on this small part . the microcircuit controls the thermistor located in the thermometer nose contains circuits of the system generator and the driver of the sound signal, the operation of the liquid crystal indicator. and even memory also depends on it. like many other microcircuits, not only the production of an integral begins with quartz sand, from which silicon cream is formed, which , in fact, are the raw material for microcircuits produced on an integral. these discounts are in this form, or in this form

integrals are sent to auxiliary production, where they are cut into plates , polished, polished in this form they arrive at one of the most secret productions of the plant, by the way, to consider , although not completely, this is still a production secret like crystals, that is, chips of future microcircuits make our film crew the first to take these exclusive shots. we had to change clothes three times and process the television equipment. such scrupulousness is needed because literally not a single speck of dust should get into the working area, if it settles on the crystal, the marriage will work in production around the clock. it can't be stop even for a few minutes, if the crystal does not pass. uh, one of the uh tests in the series, then this crystal is considered

defective, and it is placed uh with paint. well, here's how, for example, here further, after controlling 100% of all crystals of the plate , they go to the next operation, where they are placed on a special film. next, the plates are cut lengthwise and across into crystals. the film is slightly stretched and placed on a specialized frame. and only ideal crystals can continue their production path. love to the heart microcircuits is an integrated circuit, and it is represented here by a crystal; here , crystals are mounted on the base of the case or on the board already, if the thermometers, uh, the machine automatically doses the glue. uh, one crystal of an already cut plate and sticking to this glue automatically

occurs. e, control, dosing, glue , the water crystal is controlled so that there are no chips, no scratches, dirt. no one takes an already suitable high-quality crystal, glues it and automatically the operator already loads it into the output device. and while the quality of this installation is being controlled under a microscope , liquid crystal indicators for thermometers are being created at another production site of the integral. and after the brains of the devices are made, its assembly begins. we are located at the assembly site for the production of electronic equipment here. directly at site e, we are engaged in the assembly of a thermometer, that is, the assembly of an electronic unit, then we insert the electronic unit into the housing itself, also preparatory operations with the housing , gluing the thermistor into the cap, and in hull and also here undergoing test operations. that is, this is a test of functioning at different stages, when we

welded the microcircuit on the board. we are performing a functional test. but, if there is a brother, we give the boards further for restoration. to protect the crystal from external influences, it is sealed. after the sealing has passed. we again have a functional test in progress after the next functional test, the boards are sent for assembly. uh, the assembly is going to block uh, the electronic ones are inserted there lcd indicator, which is manufactured by us, here on the integral there are also conductors. only conductive rubber, which gives a connection between the liquid historical indicator and the board itself, that is, an indication that it is reliable to insert the springs for the batteries and for the button. well, actually once again. we carry out a functional test, then the blocks are assembled into a housing and quality control is carried out again, this time they check the accuracy of the temperature measurement has two decimal places, that is, the error

our timur plus minus one degree. we have at every stage of production and especially at the end in case our thermometer is not included. the parameters we have are digital, customization. that is, at this stage we can not disassemble the thermometer and edit it, the quality of our devices is in no way inferior to all imported analogues, and in terms of accuracy it even surpasses them, which also distinguishes the integral thermometer from competitors' devices. price, they are almost two times cheaper; you can buy them in public pharmacies in the country. we continue to understand such an interesting topic. like body temperature, and that's what we'll talk about next. when 36.6 is no longer norm a, we will check modern thermometers for accuracy right in the studio of the program, antipyretic tablets are a foreign agent, we will ask the doctor. what methods of dealing with high temperatures really work and

the hottest animal and bird on the planet in more detail in a few minutes one of the main qualities of a person, and perhaps the most important thing, is self-esteem. earlier. i have been criticized so much. which ones are being played right now come to the performance of my project, for example, to karenin, if this person does not have any authority for you. you laugh and everything is love. she is different. it can be absolutely and unpredictable. love is a very selfish feeling. how long does love really last? and why did scientists give her only 3 years? i would even say more that here is such a feeling as love is more likely not than it is. here is love. see

the program of the concept of neutralize on the tv channel belarus 24. here they are lined up, all four columns have machine guns pointed at them to shoot belarus 24 tv channel presents a new documentary journalistic cycle in which history is without distortion and fiction. you will see for the first time published german documents in the military chronicle and materials of investigative cases on the crimes of the nazis against the belarusian people, high-altitude injuries of famous settlements have been established. subjected to destruction, including together with the servants and the memories of witnesses the most tragic events.

channel troshka, so that you can do half a year there about how terrible fascism is and what destruction and suffering it brings to the world in the genocide project without the right to life, watch belarus 24 tv channel. conditions. this is not good. this is not bad. it's just a wonderful country. we have a wonderful state , wonderful vertical of power, but there is no ideal propaganda genius, puppeteers in that they offer us a solution

problems that would not have existed if these very puppeteers were not next to us, the problems must be solved, and not to hack and hunt them for a simple formula for both political and personal happiness, the author's view and they say a fool on the main events in the country and the world. do not miss the new releases of the project propaganda on tv channel belarus 24. dozens of forums on the internet are devoted to user disputes about which thermometers are the most accurate, how many times you need to measure the temperature and how to resolve all these disputes. of course, we are unlikely to be able to, yes, and not we pretend to it, but from the point of view of science on this problem, it is necessary. let's see moreover, we will conduct an experiment right in the studio, but

first, let's find out, why, in principle, the temperature of our body, increases or decreases and why this mechanism is generally needed by a person in very complex systems. yes, and accordingly there is such a thing as thermoregulation. that is, this is just the same for mammals for humans. eh, peculiar to such a property. this is maintenance, and in a certain rather narrow, and range of internal body temperature by constant levels. and, that is , regardless of this, the temperature of the environment changes. it's cold and hot if the body is healthy. if a person is healthy, yes, then our temperature is 36.6 in thermoregulation. yes there are 2 processes. yes, it is heat generation and heat dissipation. so, in a healthy person, these two processes are balanced, that is, heat production is formed. e, respectively, these heat transfers occur yes, that is,

some part of the heat is released. and if suddenly, for example, it is very hot outside. i'm the receptors that are there in the skin perceive this temperature and cannot specifically, for example, if it is very hot outside , hyperthermia can develop in the human body, that is, an increase in body temperature above 37 °. and if it’s cold outside, the ambient temperature is very low and, accordingly, the body directs all its forces to warm up and increase heat production, but for example, if a person gets into cold water, then over time, even if well, first there is a process of heat generation, yes , then, and then, but all the same, these extreme conditions, they cool the body from the outside, yes, and accordingly, a person may develop hypothermia, that is, a decrease in body temperature below 35 °, and the main function is to maintain the level, and e body temperature

at a constant level is normal. yes, that is, this is a fairly narrow range in which it can change and the human body , the animal body will feel comfortable and will go through everything at a physiologically normal level of the metabolic process, the work of the cardiovascular respiratory systems , digestion, metabolism, the nervous system. all this will work in the physiological norm, because with an increase in temperature, in particular with fever, of course , changes are observed from all organ systems of the body. which are not normal for a healthy organism and which can subsequently lead to a rather negative-negative state of the human body, as it seems to me, and this topic has been disclosed, let's proceed to the promised experiment. today we will check the accuracy

of a thermometer that can be bought at a modern pharmacy, but we will do this under the control of the doctor ekaterina ivanovna hello. hello ekaterina, here we have a variety of thermometers, i offer myself as a test subject. let's begin. let's see which one will be first. let's start with the traditional mercury from the veteran. if so, we knock down to a minimum, shake it off, everything is correct, so is the standard story, correctly armpit tight contact with the skin for 5-7 minutes. and what are the general temperature standards for adults today, because i read somewhere that today even 37.6 is not always considered elevated temperature, talking about some kind of disease. that's right. today we are no longer talking about the fact that 36.6 is a strict norm that everyone should have. we are all different, of different ages, and therefore

the temperature depends on age as well. in infants and the elderly , it is slightly lower because they have a lower ability to thermoregulate than in older children and young adults depending on your physical activity temperature. uh, air from the time of day. even the temperature in the morning is slightly lower than in the evening, so there is a lot of factors that affect the normal temperature and today it is considered good if we have a temperature from about 36. oe and one tenth of a degree to about 37.2 °, and if we measure, for example, in a non-contact way, then the boundaries, there will be more wider, about 35.7 37.6°. okay, but for now. uh, i have a mercury thermometer, another such moment. sometimes you take your temperature. not because you feel bad. yes, but i decided to take the temperature, or they measure it at the entrance, yes, and in the clinic in the hospital you understand that she

increased yes, and they say children a little, for example, there rest exhale. that is, it e decreases. after how much a you can again, let's say, measure to make sure that everything is in order, change the temperature, you can already in a few minutes, especially if you came, for example, from the street, yes, we measure with a non-contact thermometer, so we sat warm for a few minutes, wiped under the warm foreheads calmed down and measured, thank god we feel good, will the temperature confirm my well-being? let's watch let's. no, here slightly elevated. see. we have intended almost 37.5. our temperature is normal. it can be different and you are probably now, uh, intensively working. and maybe it’s even hot and exciting and exciting for you, and therefore we have the right to such a temperature and once again confirm that 36.6 is not a hard indicator that you need to hunt for

perfectly. let's see what other thermometers show. which we have at our disposal today. here is the contactless most nimble 3 seconds and put everything to the forehead and you're done or it's not so simple it's not so simple, but really non-contact temperature measurement is very convenient. it's fast. it doesn't require direct skin contact, so it's great to use where there are a lot of people, such as an airport or hospital or business. e or, for example, if we want to assess the temperature of a sleeping child, usually in a non-contact way , the temperature is measured on the forehead, we hold it perpendicular to 3.5 cm. and 37.2 already says, our non-contact thermometer, thermometer captures infrared radiation measurement on the forehead norm up to 37.6. with you and me, 37.2, the screen burned green, our thermometer said that the normal temperature of the red screen is painted at about 37.7. then. let's

test. eh, one more. and our copy is an electronic thermometer ; we are with you today axillary measurement practice. we are waiting for a beep, but for axillary measurement, as a rule, and manufacturers they also recommend about 5 minutes, well, or a couple of minutes after the sound signal, wait for the sound signal in this situation, to say not that the measurement has ended, but that the temperature increase on the sensor is less than 1/10 ° in 16 seconds. well, or get back a little differently from other manufacturers. if we measure the temperature in the mouth or rectum with this thermometer, then a minute will be enough. i already squeaked there. let's watch 2 more minutes. how did you say yes, after the beep? fine let's, that's what we'll talk about for now, but is it always worth it to drink a lowering heat and if

the temperature is high, and is it true? it’s definitely not worth drinking if the thermometer is less than 38.5. if you have measured 38.5, well , you feel good, you are able to eat and drink and your routine activity is not disturbed, then you may well not lower this temperature. and what can you say about folk remedies, because the high temperature was once wiped with alcohol. and today they say that you need to apply, uh, something cold to those places, and on the body, where is the large blood vessels and wait. uh, when the temperature subsides some of these methods have the right to life in no case wiping with alcohol, vinegar and other aggressive liquids, and the skin is an active suction surface. especially in kids. and uh, by applying alcohol to the skin, we not only cool the child, but also force the alcohol to be absorbed through the skin and the health of this

child does not completely add ice to the area of ​​​​large vessels. let all my story on the region of the axillary socionic arteries, for example, some of the methods. we can use yes but uh it is very important that the method is safe. great, i think you can definitely watch. you see, almost the same as on a mercury thermometer, see 37.5. you and i found absolutely the same temperature of mercury and non-contact. here we are once again convinced that these are equally accurate devices and it makes absolutely no sense to take risks using a glass device with mercury and we have one more thermometer. uh, positions it as, uh, contactless baby. let's use the temperature standards for children. and, perhaps they are different in babies, really the temperature. it may be slightly lower than in adults and in general for non-contact measurement, but rather wide boundaries. yes, approximately 35.7 37.6 non-contact measurement will be slightly different again on different parts of the body, in addition, children's thermometers. now many

have regimes. with which you can measure the temperature in the room, not only the temperature of the body and the temperature of the surface, such as water for bathing a baby or e. feeding formulas and the last question analyses. what indicators there should alert, let's say, and what indicators react to elevated temperatures. i advise you to start visiting your doctor anyway. he will make a decision. does he need more information about your condition. health, if he needs it, he will recommend. what specific tests you need to pass, what indicators in the tests are of interest to him and then, accordingly , they will interpret your tests and decide on further treatment tactics. i understand that even in the matter of raising the temperature self-medicate. as with all other health issues, you should not manage your temperature. you can quite independently, but some active

actions regarding the delivery of admission tests. antibiotics should be discussed with dr. ekaterina thank you very much for teaching the rules for measuring temperature and answering questions relevant to our topic , we consider the experiment completed and successful. at the very beginning of the program, we promised that only with the human body, examining this topic would not we will limit ourselves to keeping the word about how important temperature is for animals and birds in our next material. a sufficiently high body temperature in animals is not a simple physiological norm, in fact it is a mechanism that allows them to survive in a variety of environmental conditions 37.5 to 39, but

obviously this is due to evolutionary processes, because the animal still lived not in such comfortable conditions they live like a person, therefore they have to adapt. uh, in particular , the coat of the majority speaks of this animals, due to their own cover , temperature is regulated, let's say animals. eh, winter. they are covered with thicker fur so that the heat does not escape. warm-blooded mammals, that is, scientists call almost all animals gameteric, produce heat. thanks to their muscle contraction, about 30% more is provided by the work of the brain, and the rest of the warming occurs due to the work of all internal organs, plus in order to survive in such harsh conditions. they have the same warm-blooded animals. e, there are a fairly wide temperature range during the day, their temperature fluctuates by

1-2 °, unlike humans. and if their body temperature, for example, due to winter weather drops to 10 °, they simply go into hibernation. they have enough energy to maintain life due to brown fat. as for birds, their temperature seems to be even higher , for example, in chickens our normal temperature is considered to be up to 42 degrees, and ducks, even up to 43 degrees, they have a more intensive metabolism and are also genetically related to the fact that they have a large energy consumption. e on flights, of course, our pets already. well, we will say that a bird is also a domestic animal, respectively, they do not fly, but genetically they have preserved a constant temperature , such a higher range in this regard. even just wondering our migratory birds. basically, it is

a carrier, for example, the same ducks. uh, they carry the same flu virus. every year they bring new strains of the virus, but due to the high temperature of 43 ° they themselves do not get sick viruses under such conditions simply do not can be activated if we take our other cold-blooded wards, these are bees, one bee. it cannot regulate body temperature, but bees are collective organisms. they are in the hive in winter. eh, they're getting into a ball. outside this cup, a very dense heat-insulating layer arises from individuals of individual bees, bees, by fluctuations of flying muscles, create a high temperature and the temperature inside the ball is maintained up to 37 °, oe, celsius, despite letting even 20 ° frost outside the hive, separately bees in cold