assigned directly to the farms, uh in honor of the workers, uh, who devoted their whole lives to the part of the city, the mining industry today is a dump truck. e, he came out with the name of an outstanding person who devoted his whole life to car engineering , the features of this model from the point of view, there is no longer an exclusive construct. literally six months ago. perhaps it was exclusive here, uh, imported products are used components dump truck number 7530 is also one of the most sought after and belaz trucks occupy half of the world market. in a similar segment of carrying capacity, this is how machines work in quarries and coal mines in kazakhstan and uzbekistan, mongolia, serbia in india and south africa, every year the scandal finds about 150 units of this series in horror.

the best employee was presented with awards for difficult experiences to this immunity. we will continue at 19:00. belarusian winter all its little things and all the details. some are so beautiful they are breathtaking. some awkward but together they are one . together they are harmony looking at them you feel aesthetic pleasure. do you feel that belarus is closer?

it is he who we first take out of the first aid kit when our children are sick, yes, and when we ourselves feel unwell, and with the advent of the coronavirus in our lives, they began to meet him in clinics and hospitals and even at work, surely you have already guessed what i am saying, i'm talking about a thermometer. in the next half an hour, we will analyze it literally in scientific parts. let's take a closer look at this phenomenon as a whole. as the temperature of the body and the human body, we will not limit ourselves to all this in order to prove that science is always nearby. sometimes we just don't even think about it. this is a new popular science project, the belts, the radio company of the academy of sciences of belarus studio

ekaterina berevskaya. hello and we are starting. thanks to galileo, we will show how the world's first thermometer number 80 looked in the mendeleev table why the choice of the inventors of the thermometer fell precisely on mercury and exclusive programs will show how and where electronic devices are made in our country thermometers? before the appearance of a thermometer in a person’s life, his role was played by the hand of the familiar truth, which means that this folk method is still alive. here, only it is categorically impossible to call it accurate, and to track the temperature of a person’s body in dynamics in this way. it's just unrealistic. to whom we owe the appearance of a thermometer right now. the idea to invent a device that would measure temperature arose at the end of the 16th century from the dutch scientist van geymant. however, the very first thermometer was designed in 1597

in the year of galileo, the device was very large by modern standards and was a glass tube with a spherical end inside there was water, which was under the influence of different air temperatures. changed my state. the first medical mercury thermometer. the italian doctor santorio invented around the same time, marking the beginning of a new stage in the development of specific medicine, starting from the middle of the seventeenth century , various versions of thermometers appear, but they differ from each other only constructively, that is content form. and in this case , the correct content is mercury alone. why exactly mercury we will ask, right now and the scientist physicist is in touch with us , pavel, senior lecturer of the department of general physics of the belgos state university, hello hello ekaterina, in fact, everything is simple, firstly, mercury is in a liquid

aggregate state in the temperature range from -38 ° c to 350, which allows the use of mercury as a working fluid in a fairly wide range of temperatures. second, the temperature expansion coefficient of mercury practically does not depend on temperature, which makes it possible to simplify the production process and achieve a sufficiently high accuracy of temperature measurement. well, finally, mercury does not interact with glass. that is, you can use glass, but in the production of thermometers, which is very cost-effective pavel thank you, everything is simple and clear, as we love. it would seem that not a single century has passed , the mercury thermometer is still relevant for many , but with it now it already has the most popular competitors in home life, of course, the electronic thermometer is being produced today in our country, if something has not passed, modern devices leave the assembly line of one of the largest enterprises in the shops

my colleagues have already visited and are ready to show exclusive footage of the entire production process in our rubric. how this is done by a kind of brain, that is, the key part of electronic thermometers, which creates an integral at a domestic factory, is one single microcircuit, in fact, the entire operation of the device depends on this small part the microcircuit controls the thermistor located in the nose of the thermometer; it contains the circuits of the system generator and the sound signal driver; the operation of the liquid crystal indicator. and even memory also depends on it. like many other microcircuits, not only the production of an integral begins with quartz sand, from which silicon ingots are formed, which , in fact, are the raw material for microcircuits produced on an integral. these ingots are in this form, or in this form they are sent to auxiliary production

of the integral, where they are cut into plates, polished, polished at one of the most secret productions of the plant, by the way, to consider, although not completely, this is still a production secret like crystals, that is , the chips of future microcircuits make our film crew the first to take these exclusive shots . we had to change clothes three times and process the television equipment. it is necessary because literally not a single speck of dust should get into the working area, if it settles on the crystal , the marriage will work in production around the clock. it cannot be stopped even for a few minutes if the crystal does not pass. uh, one of the uh tests in the series, then this crystal is considered defective, and it

is placed uh with paint. well, here's how, for example, here further, after controlling 100% of all crystals of the plate, they go to the next operation, where they are placed on a special film. next, the plates are cut lengthwise and across into crystals. the film is slightly stretched and placed on a specialized frame. and only perfect crystals can continue their production path. at the heart of any microcircuit is an integrated circuit, and it is represented here by a crystal; here , crystals are mounted on the base of the case or on the board already, if the thermometers, ah, the machine automatically doses the glue. e, one crystal of an already cut plate and sticking on this glue automatically controls the dosing of

the glue, controls. a suitable crystal, so that there are no chips, there are no scratches of dirt , no one takes an already suitable high-quality crystal, glues it and automatically the operator is already loading into the output device. and while the quality of this installation is being controlled under a microscope , liquid crystal indicators for thermometers are being created at another production site of the integral. and after the brains and the device are made, its assembly begins. we are located at the assembly site for the production of electronic equipment here. directly at site e, we are engaged in e-assembly with a thermometer, that is, the assembly of an electronic unit, then we insert the electronic unit into the housing itself, also preparatory operations with the housing gluing the thermistors, cap, and into the body and also here test operations are being carried out. that is, this is a test of functioning at different stages, when we welded the microcircuit on the board. we are performing

a functional test. but, if there is a marriage, we give the boards further for restoration. to protect the crystal from external influences, it is sealed. after the sealing has passed. we again have a functioning check after the next check of the functioning of the board goes to the assembly. uh on the assembly gonna block uh, electronic there are inserted liquid crystal indicator, which is made here on the integral, also conductors are only conductive rubber , which gives a connection between the lcd historical indicator and the board itself, that is , an indication that it is reliable to insert further springs for batteries and for installation. well, actually once again. we carry out a functional test, then the blocks are assembled into a housing and quality control is carried out again, this time the accuracy of temperature measurement is checked. one the storm meter has two decimal places, that is, the error of our timur is plus or minus 1

degree at each stage of production, and especially at the final stage if our thermometer is not inserted. the parameters we have are digital, customization. that is, at this stage we can not disassemble the thermometer and edit it, the quality of our devices is in no way inferior to all imported analogues, and in terms of their accuracy it even surpasses the thermometer of the integral from competitors' devices. price, they are almost two times cheaper, you can buy them in the state pharmacies of the country on the air of a new television project science nearby, we continue to understand such an interesting topic. like body temperature, and that's what we'll talk about next. when 36.6 is no longer the norm, we will check modern thermometers for accuracy, right in the studio of the program, antipyretic tablets are a foreign agent, we will ask the doctor. what methods of dealing with heat really work and the hottest animal and bird on

the planet in more detail in a few minutes. together with our guides you will learn what would never have thought to google, one of the most famous names of the belaya vezha tower , although in its history it is white. she never was. by the way, who did not know this particular tower is depicted on the five-ruble banknote of the legend, historical facts and many unusual sights. belarus has a certain purpose when an arrow or a spear gets here. they slide off, change direction, and so on, the face of a warrior from more reliable protection, and in a head-on collision. really allowed here such a kick, walking along the promenade you can meet quite a few curious or legendary

characters jack sparrow oh sorry captain jack sparrow a journey that will remain in memory for a long time the first time i see a bison they were born. by the way, this year, hello look on belarus 24 tv channel. we are working to ensure that you receive the latest useful information. the 20-minute format allows us to talk about what is happening in belarus and the world about a healthy lifestyle. suggest projects and films that will definitely become yours favorites. they are good. and we achieve peacefulness as a result of selection. oh my god those little bees. it is necessary to keep, even families with children this and much more.

watch the broadcast 24/7 on belarus 24 tv channel in the project. dozens of forums on the internet are devoted to user disputes about which thermometers are the most accurate, how many times they need to measure the temperature and how to resolve all these disputes. of course, we are unlikely to be able to, yes, and we do not pretend to be, but from the point of view of science on this problem, it is necessary. let's see more in addition, we will conduct an experiment right in the studio, but before that, let's find out why, in principle , the temperature of our body, increases or decreases and why does a person need this mechanism at all, a very complex e-e system, and , accordingly, there is such a thing as thermoregulation. that is, this is just the same for mammals for humans. eh, peculiar to such a property. this is maintenance,

a in a certain rather narrow, but range of internal body temperature at constant levels. and, that is, regardless of this, the temperature changes surroundings. it's cold and hot if the body is healthy. if a person is healthy, yes, then our temperature is 36.6 in thermoregulation. yes there are 2 processes. yes, it is heat generation and heat dissipation. so, in a healthy person, these two processes are balanced, that is, heat production is formed. e, respectively, these heat transfers occur yes, that is, some part of the heat is released. and if suddenly, for example, it is very hot outside. but the receptors that are there in the skin perceive this temperature and cannot specifically. eg. there are very hot. on the street. you are an organism a person may develop hyperthermia, that is, an increase in body temperature above 37 °.

and if it’s cold outside, the ambient temperature is very low and, accordingly, the body directs all its forces to warm up to increase heat production, but for example , if a person gets into cold water, then over time, even if

which are not normal for a healthy body and which can subsequently lead to a rather negative- negative state of the human body, as it seems to me, and this topic has been disclosed, let's proceed to promised experiment. today we will check the accuracy of a thermometer that can be bought in a modern pharmacy, but we will do this under the supervision of a doctor ekaterina ivanovna hello hello milana, here we have a variety of thermometers, i offer myself as a test subject. let's begin. let's see which one will be first. let's start with the traditional mercury from the veteran. if possible, so to speak, bring down to a minimum shake. that's

right, so is the standard story, right armpit tight contact with the skin for 5-7 minutes. what are the general rules for temperatures exist today for adults, because i read somewhere that today even 37.6 is not always considered an elevated temperature, indicating some kind of disease. that's right. today we are no longer talking about the fact that 36.6 is a strict norm that everyone should have. we are all different at different ages, and therefore the temperature depends on age as well. it is slightly lower in infants and older people because they have a lower thermoregulatory capacity than older children and young adults. depends on your physical activity on temperature. e air from the time of day. even the temperature in the morning is slightly lower than in the evening, so there are a lot of factors that affect the normal temperature and today it is considered

good if we have a temperature of about 36. oe and one tenth of a degree to about 37.2 °, moreover, if we measure , for example, in a non-contact way, then the boundaries will be even wider, approximately 35.7 37.6 °. okay, but for now. uh, i have a mercury thermometer, another such moment. sometimes it happens to measure temperature not because you feel bad. yes, but i decided to measure the temperature, or they measure it at the entrance, yes, and in the clinic in the hospital you understand that it is elevated yes, and they say children a little, for example, relax there, exhale. that is, it e decreases. after how much a you can again, let's say, measure to make sure that everything is in order, change the temperature, you can already in a few minutes, especially if you came, for example, from the street, yes, we measure with a non-contact thermometer, so we sat warm for a few minutes and wiped under the forehead calmed down and measured, thank

god, you and i feel good, will the temperature confirm my well-being? let's watch let's. no, just a little higher. see. we have intended almost 37.5. our temperature is normal. it can be different and you are probably now, uh, intensively working. and maybe it’s even hot and exciting and exciting for you, and therefore we have the right to such a temperature and once again confirm that 36.6 is not a hard indicator that you need to hunt for great. let's see what other thermometers show. which we have at our disposal today. here is the non-contact most nimble 3 seconds and everything is applied to the forehead and it's ready or not everything is so simple everything is not so simple, but really non-contact temperature measurement is very convenient. it's fast. it doesn't require direct skin contact, so it's great to use where there are a lot of people, such as an airport or

hospital or business. e or , for example, if we want to estimate the temperature at of a sleeping child, usually in a non-contact way , the temperature is measured on the forehead perpendicular to 3.5 cm. and 37.2 already says, our non-contact thermometer thermometer captures infrared radiation measurement on the forehead of the norm up to 37.6. with you and me, 37.2, the screen burned green, our thermometer said that the normal temperature of the red screen is painted at about 37.7. then. let's try one more. and our copy is an electronic thermometer, turn it on correctly , turn it on, wait for the signal that the thermometer is ready for work, or the degree icon lights up put up a pedestal. we changed axillary a couple of seconds today. we are waiting for the sound signal. well, for axillary measurement, as a rule. e, manufacturers also recommend about 5

minutes, well, or wait a couple of minutes after the beep, wait for the beep, in this situation , it’s not to say that the measurement has ended, but that the temperature increase on the sensor is less than 1/10 ° for 16 seconds. well , or get back a little differently from other manufacturers. if we measure the temperature in the mouth or rectum with this thermometer, then a minute will be enough. i already squeaked there. so let's wait another 2 minutes. how did you say yes, after the beep? let's talk about what for now, but is it always worth it, uh, to drink antipyretic and if there is a high temperature, and is it true? you definitely shouldn’t drink them if the thermometer is less than 38.5. if you have measured 38.5, well, you feel good, you are able to eat and drink and your routine activity is not disturbed, then you may well not lower this temperature. what do you say about about folk remedies, because the high temperature was once wiped with alcohol. and

today they say what needs to be applied. uh, something cold to those places. e on the body, where are the large blood vessels and wait. uh, when the temperature subsides some of these methods have the right to life in no case wiping with alcohol, vinegar and other aggressive liquids, and the skin is an active suction surface. especially in kids. and uh, putting alcohol on the skin, we not only cool the child, but also make alcohol is absorbed through the skin and the health of this child is not completely added to the ice on the area of ​​​​large vessels. valid story on the area of ​​the axillary carotid arteries, for example, some of the methods we can use yes, but uh, it is very important that the method is safe, excellent, i think that we can already look for sure. you see, almost the same as on a mercury thermometer, see 37.5. you and i found absolutely the same yes temperature of mercury and non-contact. here

we are once again convinced that this is the same precision instruments and it makes absolutely no sense to risk using a glass device with mercury and we have another thermometer that positions it as, uh, non-contact for children. let's follow the temperature standards for children. and perhaps they are different in babies, really the temperature. it may be slightly lower than in adults and in general for non-contact measurement, but rather wide boundaries. yes, approximately 35.7 37.6 non-contact measurement will be slightly different again on different parts of the body, in addition, children's thermometers. now many have modes. with which you can measure the temperature in the room, not only the temperature of the body and the temperature of the surface, such as water for bathing a baby or e. feeding mixes and the last question. ah, tests. what indicators there should alert, let's say, and what indicators react to elevated temperatures. i advise you to start visiting your

doctor anyway. he will make a decision. does he need more information about your condition. health, if he needs it, he will recommend. what specific tests do you need? you need to pass what indicators in the analyzes he is interested in and then, accordingly , they will interpret your analyzes and decide on further treatment tactics. i understand that even in the matter of raising the temperature to self-medicate, as in all other matters relating to health, you should not manage your temperature. you can quite independently, but some active actions regarding the delivery of admission tests. antibiotics should be discussed with dr. ekaterina thank you so much for being taught the rules of temperature measurement and answered questions relevant to our topic , we consider the experiment completed and successful. at

four columns on and left machine guns to shoot, belarus 24 tv channel presents a new documentary journalistic cycle, in which the story of non-distortion and fiction. you will see for the first time published german documents in the military chronicle and materials of investigative cases on the crimes of the nazis against the belarusian people; destruction, including the servants and the memories of witnesses of those most tragic.

and there is a pack of such a crumb that it is not visible anywhere. she was the smallest child for six months about how terrible fascism is and what destruction and suffering it brings to the world in the genocide project without the right to life, watch on belarus 24 tv channel. the editors club is the most important brand of belarus for all these 30 years. this is the economic world. security is primary, oddly enough, it is secondary, because it is largely determined by the state economy in the country is a time of opportunity and building a new information model of the future. we are gradually moving step by step to ensure that these programs are implemented . the rules are often not observed and often

happen. so, what wins is the one who does not respect any rights at all. we must build new ways of communication. we must build a new economy. this is a bet on a new generation. the bet on belarus has been formed. indeed, belarus has an intellectually open dialogue about the most important socio-political events in the country and in the international arena. look in the club editor project on the belarus 24 tv channel. we promised the program that it would deal with this topic only with the human body. no, we will limit ourselves to keeping the word about how important temperature is for animals and birds in our next material. sufficiently high body temperature in

animals. this is not a simple physiological norm, in fact it is a mechanism that allows them to survive in a variety of environmental conditions 37.5 to 39, but obviously this is due to evolutionary processes, because that animals still did not live in such comfortable conditions and live like a person, so they have to adapt. eh, in particular, this is evidenced by the coat and most animals, due to their own cover, there is a temperature regulation, let's say animals. eh, winter. they are covered with thicker fur so that the heat does not escape. warm-blooded mammals, that is , scientists call almost all animals gameteric, produce heat. thanks to muscle contraction, they have about 30% more brain work, and the rest warming up. occurs due to the work of all internal organs plus in order to survive in such harsh conditions.

they have the same warm-blooded animals. e, there is a fairly wide temperature range during the day; their temperature fluctuates by 1-2 °, unlike a person. and if their body temperature, for example, due to winter weather drops to 10 °, they simply go into hibernation . they have enough energy to maintain life due to brown fat. as for the birds, their temperature seems to be even higher, for example, in our chickens. uh, the normal temperature is considered to be up to 42 degrees. and even up to 40 three degrees they have a more intensive metabolism and are also genetically related to the fact that they have a large energy consumption. e on flights, of course, our pets already. well, let's say that birds are also pets, respectively.