[000:00:00;00] everyone to the stand of bill books at the 30th international book exhibition of the book forum, we have such a tradition, so in newshny, what program have prepared our neighbors russia has prepared a very wide program it is also a meeting with writers. well, i only call her a couple of names. uh, this is yuri polyakov, this is nikolai ivanov, this is oleska, this is leonid and fonovich, children's writers. and these will be various master classes literary discussions; and various hmm promotions. uh, such large projects as an electronic encyclopedia, as well as sites, if you know, will be widely represented. this is

the largest site for the sale of electronic literature. this is a children's garden, and every day there will be children's events, where there will be a play area somewhere. some kind of book component, promotional presentation component, that is , the russians brought such a good, too big program, which i am sure will be of interest to all visitors to the exhibition. well this is what as for young writers, beginners, how can they make themselves known? can this be done on the forum? how? well, i want to say that it is natural that this is such an important big task, and probably in the cultural and ideological. and if you want with a thought. uh, this is continuity, this is the attraction of new young creative interesting people. uh, forces and literature for this purpose. there is such a startup. or so it is called, it has been going on for more than a year.

it's already kind of a tradition this year, and you can participate in it, as young people, writers are writers, which we have already made ourselves, but perform with new works this year like never before. participants, these are 200 participants of 20 finalists, and these 20 finalists are selected from them. will consider the jury, which consists of the heads of publishing houses and and them the best of them, and will be given. uh, the right to publish with their works. and this is for a young man. you know today, but such a big important and good step is such a good stepping stone for creativity for further creative professional activities. and the final this will also take place within the framework of the exhibition, a on march 25th. this is such an interesting and such a great opportunity, created so that it is young writers who start today and go into

literature today. well, give them the opportunity to establish themselves and gain a foothold in the profession. well thank you we invite you to the exhibition until the end of the week for questions program. answered by vladimir motoseevich, general director of protein books, and so the analysis of the main events of this week in the information and analytical program, all projects of our tv channel are on the site belarus 24.by, as well as in social networks, even with my own goodbyes. all the best. today

our studio guest is klinkovich, first deputy chairman of the supreme court of the republic of belarus yulia leskova, head of the information sector, media relations , press secretary of the court of the republic of belarus hello, join us. we are with you on the eve of a pleasant date centennial anniversary marks the supreme court. belarus, let 's start our conversation by telling a little about history and why april 15 was chosen. here is the starting point in this history the fact is that after the great october socialist revolution , the process of formation of the young belarusian soviet state took place for several years. it must also be remembered that in the nineteenth year the formation of the bssr was proclaimed, and by 1923 the civil war had ended, and foreign intervention was repulsed. and just the same, in this period it became possible. e, the active formation of e our national political system and legal system, and

in relation to e judicial activity. this was accompanied by the gradual replacement of the system of emergency courts of revolutionary tribunals with ordinary civil courts with the construction of today. we are already well aware of the familiar three-tier judicial system. here its construction actually ended with the adoption on march 30, 1923 of the resolution of the central executive committee of the bssr in approving the regulations on the judiciary of the bssr , which provided for. the building of the supreme court, as the highest judicial instance, this position has entered. uh, effective april 15, 1923 of the year. it is from this date that the history of the supreme court of the republic of belarus is counted . well, 100 years is such a significant milestone of some kind of event. perhaps, we are planning how to celebrate in this regard, we have been holding a number of events of various

directions since last year. here we are, on the pages of our magazine ship's bulletin, we carry out a number of publications on the history of belarusian justice. and, of course, this year. this practice should have been continued 2 weeks ago. on the grounds of the supreme court an international scientific-practical conference took place. here, on the topic of the history of the belarusian justice and the supreme court, as a component of this history, which were attended by judges of international courts and the syrian supreme court of the russian federation , in honor of the anniversary, a fairly large number of projects were implemented among them, i would also name uh, that, for example, today, the national bank of the republic of belarus has put into circulation a coin, which is legal tender on the centenary of the supreme court of the republic of belarus to the broader masses, if the publication

is still narrowly focused, probably more for specialists, the coin for the history of numismatics, of course, is of great importance. uh, also, very soon march 30th. the supreme court will hold a ceremony of special cancellation of a postage stamp also issued in honor of the centenary of the supreme court of belarus. the project was implemented not only with the participation of the supreme court. well, and accordingly the ministry of informatization communications and our national postal operator bill mail, uh, biotin, the radio company is preparing, uh, on the eve anniversary events release of the film dedicated. in the history of the supreme court of belarus, of course, it should be said separately about our anniversary edition, which i will gladly show to our viewers , this book, published in honor of the anniversary of its creation took part. uh, a whole team of professionals. these are scientists of the faculty of law of the belarusian state university and employees of the supreme court of professional historians.

when they worked on this book, the material may be new facts. it is very interesting that, for example, we asked a question. here, describing the history of the creation of the supreme court building. and where was our building located in the twenties ? e at karl marx 5 is the current building of the state control committee, for example, the building was also located on svoboda square, not far from the secret building. bura of our country , the building was located on sverdlov 18. it is not there now, only the dot on the map changed registration more than once, but you know, i would like to note that that in this book we have not in vain focused on the historical aspect in order to emphasize precisely the continuity of tradition, because 100 years ago and now the servants of the law were guided by such, you know, the basic principles of observing the law of law and

justice, by the way, such is the title of the book. but if we go back to modern times for 100 years, the judicial system, including the supreme court , has changed a lot, if we talk about the most significant changes that our country has undergone in recent years. judicial system. well, of course, the history of the supreme court of the republic of belarus was full of various kinds of events. and uh, the judiciary has never separated itself from the people, that is, the side that it serves from everyone and the sorrows and joys that accompanied our belarusian history, therefore, together with the country, the supreme court went through a period of very difficult restoration of the soviet state in the pre-war years , then uh, there was a military savage struggle against the invasion of the brown fascist plague, in which they were directly involved, many er, judges and other employees of the supreme

court. uh, then there was a very difficult period of restoring the national economy in the post-war years and building a strong soviet state, where the role of the judiciary was also very significant in terms of ensuring the legality of protecting the legitimate rights and interests of our citizens. unfortunately, we had to go through the collapse of the great country called the soviet union and these are sad events. eh, in general, it became the republic of belarus and modern law. diya of the sovereign belarusian state a legacy, as they say, from past times we are left with a three-tier structure of everything, probably what you were talking about or andreevna principles principles of building a judicial system on the principles of territoriality and specialization. we, uh, see that this is the structure of the courts that

we have historically developed. it is whether our state is optimal, it is as close as possible to the needs of the country's population, it makes access to human justice as comfortable as possible. in whatever corner of our motherland he lived, of course however, uh, the principles on which the selection and placement of personnel in the judicial system are carried out remain unshakable. this is personal decency. honesty is not underhanded. this is high professionalism and a desire to give oneself. e and readiness to give oneself everything and without a trace to the cause of serving the right. people, of course, this material shell in which justice is administered today has already slightly changed, it has not changed slightly. it has changed very significantly, and most of these changes, of course, are connected with the events that took place here. after 2013, when the president of the country

decided to form a unified system of courts of general jurisdiction headed by the supreme court. and we had to solve a lot of fairly complex tasks related to the transfer of the supreme court, er, the function of which is to ensure material mental supply. e of the entire system of courts of general jurisdiction. what functions are now performed by the supreme court, because well, for the layman who has not encountered this , the supreme court is an instance that is not always clear. yes, what is handled and carried responsible for what? well, in the sense of directly administering justice, this supreme court is today the highest court, uh, on which u lies, the duty to consider complaints of protests

against judicial decisions of lower courts , verifying the legality of the validity of these decisions. well, and, accordingly, uh, their adjustment, if necessary by law and circumstances, did uh, a whole series, uh category e of criminal civil economic cases. today is their consideration in the competence of the supreme court, as a court of first instance, but uh, directly the administration of justice. this is just a part of our complete. and i would say today that the main task of the supreme court is to perform such organizational coordinating and guiding functions in relation to courts of all levels, and in all areas of judicial activity, including, as i said, both personnel and logistical support. here is the 2013 reform, as we

call it. she allowed. uh, well in practice very clearly implement the constitutional principle of separation of powers in our state and exclude even the potential for any interference in the judicial people's activities by other branches of government, so today, uh, the supreme court heads them , coordinates the selection and placement of personnel for the judicial system for their training and organizational retraining. the very process of justice in order for us, uh, all kindergartens of all levels to consider cases in a timely manner with a high the level of organization of culture by subjects, well , supervisory, as we say, uh, nevertheless, there are quite a lot of them again. e, it is in our competence to organize work to strengthen and maintain e the judicial infrastructure. i

mean both the courthouse and their uh, logistics. and what is super topical today is the issues of judicial activity. you too keep up with the times. i understand that e- government e-supreme court - this does not sound like a fantasy. not i know, maybe we’ll take a step further, how it will develop further. it is precisely in this that artificial intelligence will take part in justice. well, of course, the topic of artificial intelligence in justice today is very. who is allen so she is very fashionable yes and uh in the period exactly translated from english so he is smart courts so-called smart courts, but they are called smart in translation from english by no means because only smart people work there, the idea is somewhat different. so far, at this stage, we have decided and continue to solve such problems for the time being.

more mundane for this opportunity for both citizens and legal entities, but going to court without a paper way. uh, everything is online, and something in this regard is already being obtained, in particular. here are the possibilities of electronic appeal to the courts with papillary applications. she is quite in demand. just the same, in economic litigation. well, this is understandable for business entities in this regard, so far there are much more opportunities and those technical ones than ordinary citizens. which are more focused on direct filing of applications for direct participation in the consideration of their case. and these factors also need to be taken into account. as for the artificial intelligence of justice, the topic is actually quite complex and exists. uh, a lot of ideas, a lot of developments, including

foreign ones, uh, which, for example, allow and facilitate, uh, such outside activities. judges, how to study the regulatory framework here on the subject, the dispute of which he considers. e, the study and selection of judicial practice on the application of that or another norm of the law, this is quite relevant, because it is valid for the correct resolution. for a complex case , it is necessary, er, to digest the intellects of justice, then today we are thinking primarily about this side. the participation of the machine with god, if someday a person will be judged by robots and i do not think that in the foreseeable future in our republic of belarus, robots will begin to judge a person, therefore, in terms of the development of artificial intelligence. e in justice e. we see his role, first of all, as an

assistant. judges of man, judges of personality, who is able to deeply delve into not only the purely legal, but also the moral aspects associated with the consideration of a particular case and make not only legal, but really balanced, hard-won and fair decisions. well, you really need to understand that in order to create an objective, but reasonable judicial neural network. eh, it is necessary to create such algorithms that will not only be similar to the human cognitive system, but also the mental one. we perform the same tasks on an equal footing with humans, such as artificial intelligence, uh train psychological receptivity or empathy. and this is a mandatory property of personality. the judges are first. well, you know what an interesting point is that there is an active discussion going on right now. uh, infiltration, not just infiltration. here are these information technologies in various fields, but also part of the audience is starting to seriously discuss the issue of the need to establish

in advance the boundaries of such interference, the boundaries of the introduction of artificial intelligence. the same authoritative russian scientists in the field jurisprudence. they talk about the presence of the so-called counter-vector of digitalization due to the increase in the importance of the ethical content of the legal profession, and this profession consists more of the legacy of tolstoy and dostoevsky, so to speak , figuratively, than of newfangled digital devices. it's hard to argue with this. i think there will always be supreme court judges. so far, we proceed from such a postulate. how does one become a judge of the supreme court? what are the requirements? how to become, i understand that first of all it is a legal education, right? well, according to the general sobriety of a court judge, general jurisdiction of any level can be a citizen of the republic, belarus who has reached the age of 25 , who speaks the state languages,

who have higher legal education with the qualification of a lawyer or a lawyer with a consciousness of economics older than work in the specialty of at least three years is for first-time applicants for judicial work. and, of course, uh, who did not commit discrediting his actions for the exam. here is such a long one a list of requirements, a judge of the supreme court of the republic of belarus can become a person who has at least 5 years of experience as a judge; exception. the law makes for the composition of the judicial collegium for intellectual property cases of the supreme court, a person who, well, does not have such experience and education, but has, uh, a certain length of service in the field of patent science, can be appointed to its composition. but this can be explained very simply, because the subject

, uh, research, uh, which this judicial board is engaged in is quite specific and requires not only legal knowledge, but also knowledge of other areas, uh, related to patents and often comes from young people. they say. i want to be a judge of how long such a conditional bench is, how people really enjoy going into this profession, they come quite often and not only quite young ones, but. well, if you 're talking civil service. after all , a person does not graduate or receive a higher education. in terms of what i want to be. what to do to this probably come gradually, in the process , things happen differently at once, uh, a certain part of the current judicial corps. she started her career. e in the apparatus of the district courts, your obedient servant. at one time he also worked in the apparatus of the district court. eh, if we talk about the personnel reserve today, then

there are more than 300 people in the reserve for appointment to the position of a district judge across the country, there is a deficit. there are no personnel, there is no shortage of candidates, the issue will already pass. your all strict requirements. you say just worth it. uh, this is not our requirement, this is a requirement of the law and the requirements of life, because , of course, a judge can be a person who has, uh, not only the appropriate baggage of legal knowledge, but it must be a person who is able, uh, to make decisions and take responsibility for them and all his behavior in the service and outside. a difficult profession corresponds to the image. this is a very difficult profession and uh, because uh, today the average age of our judiciary, uh, 65% are people over the age of 40. these are quite experienced and mature people, therefore today, if we imagine the entire system of courts of general jurisdiction, then these are

several generations of people's lawyers at once, judging by which, by joint efforts , the judiciary is carried out in the country, of course, a man or a woman. but, if in general, according to the system, then more than 63% of women take responsibility and 37 men do not want to. uh, the supreme court is somewhat, on the contrary, 44% are women, and 56% are men. well, somewhere as fashionable now says gender equality. this is it, to a greater extent. here we succeeded, but it's you. no it's there well, special events. this is how life itself lays out, because , well, look today at the main composition of students of law schools, some of these yes , ladies, dear ladies, i prefer this term, but, objectively, for many years now.

uh, well, legal education in our country is mostly received by, uh, a female person from ati, we explain a lot, how hard the work of a judge is, i don’t know, for example, how many people there have a district court case in proceedings at a time . after all, it is necessary to delve into each of the past year. the courts of all levels, from the district to the supreme court, have considered in essence more than 500,000 different cases. well, not very cosmic actually. this is so. how many years ago there were a few more of them, including more than 37,000 criminal cases, uh 185,000 civil cases of economic cases, uh, under 70,000 cases in administrative offenses more than 200,000 were considered, that is, if we talk about the average workload for one judge of a district court, then last year it was uh, 64,

well, 65, if you round up the case materials per month, of course, sudak of the capital, it is somewhat more burden on the judge of the economic court , too, it was somewhat higher. it's 78-79. cases per month. that is. uh, in principle, today we are saying that this load is generally feasible , taking into account the stressful. well, taking into account, again , it is necessary to make a reservation about the opportunities that the law provides, well, somewhat simplifying the procedure itself. not well, indisputable simple simple and obvious things in order to save a reserve of working time for judges to consider more complex issues, but of course, within the working time limit, as it is prescribed in the labor code, but as a rule, a judge, even a judge of the supreme court, he does not invest, and not because he does not have time to read some papers there or that something to write, because

in general, uh, the concept of working time for a judge is a very conditional thing, and even when out of service. well, in the usual home environment e reluctantly. e. you scroll again. e, in your head, the circumstances of a complex case , you think over the proposed decisions on such case, analyzing what the legal situation is with itself into components so as not to be mistaken. therefore, as we say, the judge is in the service. it's almost always, but then again, when you go, uh, outside your courthouse and, uh, enter society. yes, you also work with people, because everyone is looking at you. hey, how are you doing? what are you doing? yes, and you must correspond to those ideas about the judge, which are formed by society, and i would like to ask another question. how do you rate

culture, legal culture, first of all , of our citizens, how high it is today. it seems to me that it is necessary to start a conversation about legal culture in general, and even more so about its assessments, uh , which to give, which i probably won’t right, but you need to start with educating a person with a sense of respect for the law. this is not an easy task. well, it seems to me that it is the judicial system that has that huge potential, and influence on the formation of this need in a society of conscious legal behavior. formation is precisely here legal culture, if we define it as a general state of legality. e, legal literate of the broad masses, uh, the degree of guarantee by the state of human rights and freedoms observance of the law by each of us , this level can be assessed as follows, as far as people citizens can navigate in the space of legal norms and rules. that is how clear this system is. uh,

how much they know their rights and obligations and can use them, finally, how much they are ready to abide by the law and respect it. here in this coordinate system, just the same occupies the most important place, perhaps even instead of the authority of the court and the personality of the judge. here, nothing affects the level of legal culture as much as a personal example of the reference personal behavior of professionals in any field in the judiciary. moreover, i agree here with valery, leonidovich, that a judge cannot stop being a judge by leaving the mantle. in the courtroom in the deliberation room in his office, he remains him and, as if he is constantly being filmed, by a hidden camera. in modern conditions, i would very clearly distinguish between legal literacy and legal culture level of legal literacy of the belarusian society. today, everyone knows the law is quite high , especially in the field of knowledge of their rights, but unfortunately, in some cases, legal

literacy does not absolutely exclude legal lack of culture and a person knows his rights perfectly sometimes. uh, in the same appeals to the court, well, he uses. uh, such vocabulary of terminology and expressions that do not allow these petitions of his to be considered on the merits, because, well, this is already on the verge of a criminal offense on insulting officials individuals sometimes occurs to raise the level of legal literacy. it's done in our country. well, almost everything that can be done today and a person who wants to e. owns the right, wants to understand what, from a legal point of view, should happen to him on the territory of the republic of belarus , he has every opportunity to be in this regard. we still have a lot to do in order to develop it, instill and explain, uh, to all people that protecting their rights. you must not infringe on the rights of other people, then, and this is very difficult to do in isolation from uh raising

level of general culture. thank you very much for a very interesting dialogue. i hope that belarusians will mostly comply.