[000:00:00;00] the decision to suspend membership of the international paralympic committee to representatives of a number of countries, then they simply did not give visas to enter germany for the general assembly . everyone should arrive in bahrain by this time i have everything next issue 19:00 see you. the author of the treatise the art of war, sun tzu, wrote, undermine the prestige of the enemy’s leadership and expose it at the right time to public disgrace already in the fourth

century bc, the chinese strategist did not rely on the military power of the state, but first of all, if we speak in modern language on political technologies. however, they began to be fully applied relatively recently, in the middle of the last century. it was then that information turned into a full-fledged weapon of war. let's consider the problem from a scientific point of view in order to understand how and why this happened and what will happen next for ekaterina's studio hello and don't miss out on the program. let's figure out the main means of manipulation and information, when and how it began to be used for military purposes. can an information war develop spontaneously or is there always someone behind it? costs? and why information security

is becoming one of the main components of national security will we learn very soon? one of the first examples of the use of information and psychological influence on people dates back to the fifth century bc, according to historians, the persian king xex first frightened his opponents of the hellenes, spreading rumors about the gigantic size of his army, and in the second century bc, in the code of ancient indian laws manul the authorities prescribed the troops of the opponents should be encouraged to rebellion. introducing a split in the ranks of those who are prone to this, however, the term information war itself appeared only in the eighties of the last century , the american thomas rohn led him even more facts from the history of information wars. my colleague. we went to look for the institute of history of the academy of sciences of belarus, where for more than a year,

by the way, the center of the general history of international relations and geopolitics has been operating. even aristotle in the fourth century bc wrote that if you want to influence a person, you need to do it through three spheres of the mind feelings and aspirations, it must be said, are similar to those we encounter in the instructions for psychological operations of the united states of america dated 19556, where the main area that needs to be influenced. this will is the mind. well, either consciousness, they already say, or feelings or the emotional sphere, because very often, if the emotional sphere is not used in relation to military leaders, because there is more analytics there. yes, here there is pressure on consciousness and on the will, then in terms of the ordinary population, the emotional component

plays here. almost a decisive role. well up the first modern work on the psychological influence on a person in a manipulative way will take place in the literal sense of the millennium. however , even then, in ancient times, information was used primarily for military purposes. and the use is precisely during the military period as an additional operation, and most often it is deterrence at the technological level that was possible in this period and in this period, at least, the researchers. they say that intimidation was actively used even during the decomposition of the primitive system during confrontation of tribes, and each other among verbal methods. in the most popular has become famous now spreading rumors. the second form is so serious that was used. that's right in the period bc. this was often disinformation and could be presented in various ways, most often presented as deceptive maneuvers on

the battlefield. it was effective enough. why because when there is a battle at the commander's, for example, the same there is no time to think. about the meaning and right to make the right decision is made very often spontaneously and, uh, these maneuvers give plus more rumors. they give the desired result, and the enemy. thousands of years later, nothing has changed, everything remains. the same goal human psychology and all the same media . the question of the information war of studying methods, it more actively begins in the second half of the twentieth, and the century and the same americans return to these treatises very seriously, they study a lot, they take them into service. and this is clearly visible in the active. and the information itself, according to historians, began to play an even more significant role in the new time is connected with the development of bourgeois society. it is connected with

the development of technology in general, because the source is very important for conducting information wars. from whom does the content come from ? it is very important the channel through which information is transmitted and the speed of transmission of this information. how secure is this channel? the first newspapers appeared , printing appeared. people are becoming more literate. so they can read the necessary information in the same newspapers. the second half of the 19th century is even more progress. this is a manifestation of the telegraph, where information is accelerated even faster, as far as it takes several minutes to transmit information at the end of the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. this is already the construction of a telegraph cable along the bottom of the ocean, which connected america with europe , the improvement of automatic information channels makes it possible to increase the amount of information and the intensity of this impact. and at that time

, theoretical comprehension and practical implementation were already beginning in the governments of great britain in france, the corresponding structural the unit that is responsible for the informational or psychological impact after the first world war, again, new technologies appear and, most importantly, radio radio appears, unlike newspapers from the telegraph, where the border of the state is clearly established, what will go what will not go radio waves cannot be cut by borders and as this technological component of radio yes developed, signals amplified and so-called jammers appeared, because in this regard it is possible. how to protect your society from the information coming through such a channel, it is either not always to drown it out. this was possible even in western countries, it was not always possible to destroy. soviet union an even more serious breakthrough in development occurred after

the second world war. entire services are already beginning to form here under the ministries of defense under the agent headquarters, which are engaged in psychological warfare. this was facilitated by the establishment of this bipolar system and the appearance of atomic weapons, when it became clear that traditional military methods can lead to the death of the entire planet, so the funds begin to soften and the greatest amount of attention begins to be paid to information and psychological impact, and it is very well programmed between the united states of america and its allies , the soviet union and their allies within the framework of these armed conflicts. yes, for us , for example, and in the korean war , leaflets were actively used in korea, radio was used for e psychological impact, and after the korean, but the events were very serious analyze, and the result. during this period , experts note begin to test new

methods of psychological influence. if we take the war in vietnam , and then there already appear new such moments, new moments, keeping the local population in constant fear, for example, yes, but by the americans, but the loss in the vietnam war also predetermined a very serious moment of analysis. and to what extent certain forms of methods are effective and began to concentrate attention already several theories of the general strategy of influence, can be applied under specific conditions. the most important conclusion that the americans made at that time was that in order to influence someone, you need to know him very well. today, in any strategy of informational peace , not peaceful at all in what is called public diplomacy in the united states of america, they will not work with what they do not know. the first is information gathering. although it must

be said that even in ancient times , chinese philosophers spoke about this in order to misinform the military leaders in opposite side. it is necessary to know its quality well. what quality can you play yes, and therefore, uh, starting somewhere in the sixties and seventies , an active collection of information on the population of society begins. with whom they play, they begin to decide that, well, you can’t throw away information. that's right for the whole society with someone it works with someone does not work with the youth. it might work with the older generation, it might not work. why use extra resources? and the creation of the internet information wars sometimes received lightning-fast development, which is so necessary for the enemy, although many experts. today, it is noted that more and more often this form of influence is moving from a soft form, if we speak the language of science, to a much more aggressive one and leads to the most tragic

consequences. on the air, the science project is nearby and here's another thing. how to prevent the substitution of concepts why is it so easy to believe in information that threatens the security of the state? and who are the future soldiers of the information front in the program in a few minutes? after these trips, you will certainly start collecting a backpack-tourist. find 10 differences. pepper. i say from pinsk, the real pinchuk then bends

his finger and lists all his merits, facts about these sights. you can’t find the soviet era on the internet. here you could buy a ticket even for a rocket and go. no, not in space. this was the name of the hydrofoil ship, which, like today's passenger flights, set off on a journey down the pripyat building. as you can see , they are designed in a classic style and have been decorating their city for so long that, as said faina ranevskaya has the right to independently choose whom to impress, and who does not have gastronomic delights that are worth paying attention to, each of them is an average of one and a half kg, and the thickness of the shell is two or three millimeters. you can feed the creative team, watch the project of the city of belarus on our tv channel.

they absorb knowledge with an enviable appetite, and then brilliantly answer the questions of the presenter yaroslav do you know the answer, i don’t know bamh is a kind of mountain bike. i would rather called it a stunt bike, sunshine. it even burns several thousand tons of hydrogen per year, respectively , there is quite a lot of it in the universe considering how many stars there are in it uh-huh, so i would answer hydrogen. what was the name of such a system of greek militancy of these guys, not a single adult can resist, and i remember exactly what a clarinet is, but a wind

instrument. and mikhail how thinks the term information security is defined as the state of protection of the balanced interests of the individual, society and the state from external and internal threats in sphere, what can be attributed to these threats and how to counter them, we will ask our guest an expert political scientist. petr sergeevich are glad to see you in our studio. good afternoon, everything

related to information is changing very quickly, what we mean by information war today, when we say information war. first of all, we mean that information is being manipulated, but conditionally enemy territory information is supplied one-sidedly with the goal of destabilizing the situation in a particular community. this amuse dips i if i will say that today, in the information war, we can talk about counteraction, probably more des information or not. the most powerful disinformation is the manipulation of the truth, that is, when one side is presented, when there is a lack of speaking, or the truth is diluted with some false ones , plus the most important factor is

the informational and psychological impact, that is, emotionality is a game on the feelings of the emotions of turning off the rational. and why is this necessary in order to manipulate not only public consciousness, but above all behavior psychology mass, and we see that it works today. it just works tighter and more mobile. why because the internet? the space makes it possible, uh, to transmit information in a very, very fast different moment, which we see another side of the interactivity of manipulation. through chats through telegram channels , otofarms and various similar institutions are largely interactive and ideological in nature, just aimed at involving a person and

processing him through proactive activity. that is, he cannot at a certain stage, already understand where real people communicate with him. and where are these bots that manipulate his opinion and moreover, this opinion directs in our topic there is also such a thing as an information attack. let's get scientific. yes, what is it? can we talk about that? that what happened with us in the twentieth year, thank god. the coup attempt failed. those very informational attacks started much earlier simply, and most of the uh, those who are under, uh, succumbed to all this influence did not understand this, maybe some. e, unfortunately, they still do not understand an information attack - this is a targeted action using information to manipulate public consciousness so that a particular society

or group of citizens reacts appropriately and acts on the orders of those who organize this information attack. so we are the belarusian society permanently, we are under blows and information pressure. and so you look at how many extremist telegram channels. how many tv channels and radio stations extremist persuasion created? at the expense of foreign governments and foundations that are trying to manipulate public consciousness. it can be narrow lobbying groups of transnational corporations. it may be a specific state where there are political contradictions. it may be in general the struggle of some elite groups, as we saw, we remember ukraine when the oligarchs had their own television channels and social networks and simply divided the country, manipulated public consciousness, pitted one part

of the population against the second part of the population. and you emotion from information. we have come to the material question. if all this is happening and being done, it means that someone needs it. to whom we understand, yes to certain groups, elites. it doesn’t matter how much it costs, if there is already data, for example, how much the maidan cost in ukraine in 2014 and how much money was invested in our country in 2020, so that everything goes topsy-turvy , no one will give the exact estimate of the maidan, but like one miracle worker in the united states of america the lady admitted to zero that about five billion dollars were spent in ukraine by the americans in order to geopolitically reorient this state, as for our case of the twentieth year, this is not the first attempt.

maidan in general, there are about six attempts in different years of the already sovereign existence of our country, and here funds and american and european funds were used, which worked from lobbying for some reforms in our country to specific subversive destructive activities. this is not 1 billion dollars for the years of sovereign existence of our country. then let's. find out what petr sergeevich how to protect the state of our people from these information attacks here, probably, we should act dialectically, that is, go in two directions, firstly, teach the population information hygiene. it is possible to include teaching by these methods from school age through the appropriate general education subjects. such as the history of social science on the other hand

, the state should provide all the tasks of information security that a private person will not provide. simple citizen. in last year, a new version of the constitution was adopted and there is a paragraph on the protection of personal data. it is very clearly fixed. and this , among other things, is the obligations of, uh, our state of the republic of belarus, that is. eh, we're raising the question of sovereign. children of the information space, this is a very difficult question. we need to think about how to do it and organize it within the framework of a union state. maybe within the framework of the shanghai cooperation organization, but we must have the tools and methods for us to subordinate the legislation to national e and international law information internet space. the first edition of the concept of information security was published and became operational in

2019, and it was developed within the framework of the concept of national security of the old edition. now we have, uh, a new version of the draft concept of national security, which is being actively discussed, which has quite significant modernized changes compared to hundreds moreover in the constitution, including. implemented changes related to protection personal data, which, uh, poses a constitutional challenge in that direction. and it's not just about information. yes, this is also in relation to the human right to their data, so that they do not dangle, no one uses them on the internet, our concept of national security. new new project concept of information security must be

considered. here is the practice of the challenges that we already see today and, moreover , projecting the challenges into the future, what we can expect, uh, in 5-10 years, because information technologies keep pace with time and the sovereignty of the state over the information space. this includes the protection of citizens from what transnational corporations are doing, because we have a national corporation, they do not have the task of social security of the military-political support of states; their goal is to enrich themselves. that is, today we are talking about protecting the institution of a truly sovereign state. petr sergeevich thank you very much for finding the time and coming to us. thanks for really. it seems to me important for every belarusian among those who every day, and, in fact, every minute, resists information

attacks, these are people who work with information, including us journalists. is it possible to teach to win on the information front? and if possible, how exactly did my colleague valeria vasilyeva talk about this with the dean of the faculty of journalism of the belarusian state university, another exclusive program right now. every week we review the main topics that aroused the greatest interest among our viewers and subscribers on social networks. belorussian language on a walk with our tv guides at one time, konstantin tsiolkovsky was not afraid to predict flights into space. well , let's ask glazkov at once for the banner from the minsk planetarium. we also introduce you to amazing

people who live in belarus and do everything for its development. let them talk for zahavaniya milk and forging ryazhenka broadcast 24/7 project, which everyone should see , watch on belarus 24 tv channel . as far as possible, time

showed that when there is one’s own, a change in supplies or logistics does not break the usual rhythm, and everyone who comes to the store finds everything they need, as we jointly fill the union market and resolve issues on the sanctions agenda. and we will also find out when mutual trade with this region will step over the bar of a billion dollars on the main air. watch on tv channel belarus 24. they came to our country to get an education, but fate decreed. so belarus became their home. i feel free when i walk, i'm waiting for belarus to become like my hometown, i'm always proud that there are such good people in belarus and you can go on the same road with them and work. watch in the program a look at belarus on our

tv channel. alexey viktorovich good afternoon , i would like to say that 2020, in principle, introduced us to such a concept as information warfare. it became obvious to me that journalists are soldiers on the information front, and in connection with this. and you, as a dean of, uh, journalism faculty of bsu, do you think what accents should be made in educating, uh, future journalists and their education has already formed the idea that journalists are something of a universal soldier, so today we

have come to the conclusion that there are several separate specialties of about six or seven. and we have united all the same, perhaps journalism, and at the same time, our profiling is certainly preserved, but the general basic knowledge. all journalists must receive and each of them must be able to work in different environments, both in digital print, audiovisual and in the colloquial environment. and the written word we want to keep, first, our the sovereign belarusian state, which has already proved its viability for more than thirty years after the collapse of the ussr. this is a very important task for us. we see how the borders of the border are now collapsing. in the literal sense of the mental boundary, we see how people's consciousness is now being shoveled, as now there is simply a perversion and e historical knowledge perversion of meanings. this is very important for us. here is our journalism, which, uh,

is pro-state, so that we do not allow it in our country. here it is revision shoveling destruction, in general, uh, the people of the nation state. this is one of the most important. these are the messages that every journalist carries, uh, who today chose one of the sides. i hope that we have chosen the side of good, because these are my sincere convictions. it is impossible to conduct propaganda if you yourself do not believe in some things. well, it turns out. due to what is happening. the most important thing for a journalist is to be able to think and analyze. can this be taught or not? i would like, of course, e journalist. eh, it was, well, a representative of the intellectual elite, this is certainly important, and therefore here it is the content part of the content of the items. uh, there must be some deeper fulfillment. well , of course,

it’s difficult to teach to teach this all in 4 years. there must also be the desire of the person himself to develop. this is self-development, constant reading, when especially journalists here, i think they have such a wonderful field. they communicate with so many creative people, talented, from whom a lot can be emphasized and a good normal journalist. he always heard something somewhere, i don’t even know, then he will come about let’s see, yes , he will create for himself some kind of idea about, uh, what he didn’t know, yes, and he will replenish his knowledge a little. so then they are born. yes, not in a year, not in two, well, for a certain time, then, indeed, talented people are born who are able and masterfully master the technique of collecting information of its presentation. well, they already understand. what is the meaning of the meaning of alexey viktorovich and my last question to you, what personal qualities should a future journalist have in order to become a real