surely you have already guessed that today we will talk about the symbol of justice and balance about the scales. and if you think that you know everything about them, then in the next half hour we will try to convince you of this and once again prove that science and ekaterina beretskaya’s studio are nearby in this topic. hello. and don't miss out on the program. from rocker with bowls to electronic and super-accurate, we will study the history of the appearance of scales, in principle, we will figure out how the scales work. and when weight is not the main thing, all the details are coming soon. the first scales appeared around 5.000

years ago. and here is where and how they looked. tell me right now. historians agree that the first scales were invented in ancient babylon and egypt, and already 2,000 years before our era, they became a generally accepted means of measurement. they looked like equal-sized yokes with bowls hanging along the edges. it is precisely such scales, by the way, that the goddess of justice themis holds in her hand a little later , the unequal shoulders of libra with a mobile kettlebell appear, their theory of the rule of moments. the forces are deduced by aristotle in the xii century, ultra-precise for that time, of course, libra from cups the error, which did not exceed one tenth of a percent, is described by the arab scientists of al-khazia. they were used to determine the density of various substances and made it possible

to recognize alloys, detect counterfeit coins and even distinguish precious stones from fake ones . the ratio of the mass of the weight to the load begins one to ten, and then hundreds of scales already in the twentieth century, a variety of scales appear from home to conveyor and, of course, electronic, and in 2005 they invented scales with the help of which it was possible to weigh dna molecules. as for the concept of accuracy in our today's topic, this can be said to be another parallel story . the first samples of measures and weights, by the way, were stored in churches and monasteries, and the first rulers were church ministers. well , then there was a very long and not easy path to what is commonly called the standard. i am now talking about the standard of the kilogram. it was cast from iridium and platinum in london back in 1889 and

was kept in paris for a long time and later century at the end of the 20th century. this very column was weighed on the scale and it turned out that during its existence it had lost. 50 micrograms it would seem quite a bit, but for scientists this was the reason to determine a new physical constant of the kilogram, the decision on this was made at the twenty-sixth general conference of measures and weights and since may 2019 kg has been determined through the bar constant, using the coupon value of the length already having a network and time. with the history of the issue sorted out, it's time to deal with the principles of libra, and this is very i hope a specialist in physics from the belarusian state university will help us. he is already in touch

with the studio nikolay hello ekaterina hello dear viewers on the famous papyrus of egypt, the god anubis weighs the hearts of the dead on an equal-arm balance. this is the very first device that was invented by mankind for weighing goods approximately ; it looks schematically, so there is a fulcrum on it. a yoke is an equal-arm scale on ropes, weights are suspended , the essence of the principle of operation of such scales is to balance the moments of forces. m1 l1 \u003d m2 l2 loads are suspended at

the end of the ropes m1 m2 the equilibrium conditions are met when the yoke is strictly perpendicular to the suspension point in ancient rome , and were invented a little later, around the first millennium bc, the so-called steelyard, which all housewives know. but then it looked like this: there was a rigid suspension arm, on which a weighed load was placed on the hook. and here there was a moving known mass, the mass was moved. back and forth on a pin that has been knurled to suit the conditions equilibrium already in the 17th century. spring scales were invented; they are schematically a spring. with a hook for hanging a load, the equilibrium conditions are based on the deformation of the spring, the coefficient of elasticity multiplied by the extension of the spring. equal to the force

of gravity, respectively, the mass is proportional to the stretching of the spring , the coefficient of elasticity of the material from which this spring is made, modern scales are already more advanced. these are electronic scales based on the use of strain gauges, where the force the deformation of the sensor itself is converted into an electrical signal or son based on the hydrostatic weighing method, which is widely used in the jewelry industry for the non-destructive determination of a sample of precious metals or diamonds . the hydrostatic weighing method is a known cargo. first weighed in air then. it is immersed in a glass with a liquid with a known density, the displaced volume is determined according to the law of archimedes, as the difference between the mass m1 suspended in air and the mass suspended our body. in green water in a liquid

divided by the density of the liquid, the volume of water, we can determine the mass of our body using the well-known formula. if we know its density per calculated volume. this is how the sample of gold is determined, the sample of silver in the jewelry industry can be determined in the same way, uh, in principle, our part of our jewelry is made of a homogeneous or metal, this was done back in his time by archimedes when eureka exclaimed , having come up with how u. calculate the mass of your king's crown. today, uh, we have a wide variety of scales are both platform scales for weighing more loads and railway scales that are installed directly on the rails.

this is a scale for cattle is a scale that is used in pharmacy for weighing small masses of high accuracy of a special class that is used in laboratories in the preparation of drugs in the development of new drugs with an accurate dosage of the drug this is a scale that can be used everywhere you have all seen in the markets , yes, modern electronic scales. they are like as a rule, one of the described methods is implemented, except for the hydrostatic one nikolai thank you very much for the detailed analysis. and we continue and here's something else we'll talk about in the next few minutes. when weight is not the main thing, we will understand together with the guest of the program in such a concept as body mass index. exact calculation, where today in just 15 minutes you can find out everything about your body and

check for accuracy, let's see how they create and how they check the scales. every week we review the main topics that aroused the greatest interest among our viewers and subscribers in social networks. on a walk with our tv guides at one time, konstantin tsiolkovsky was not afraid to predict flights into space. well, what an eye. we also introduce you to amazing people who live in belarus and do everything for its development. let them talk about milk insurance

for zahazhka ryazhenka broadcast 24/7 project, which everyone should see, watch on belarus 24 tv channel. in our program, the most active schoolchildren from all over belarus, and minsk is mentioned in my annals in 1067. and this is the eleventh century, respectively, well the correct answer. no, i have a substance card at home and i, when i read the card, it seems that such a tarot card hangs. no, personally. i believe uh yeah so how uh when you go? uh, but now i’m not sure anymore, they are ready to impress everyone with their erudition and try to answer all questions, if the derivative of a point, but continuously at the same time the derivative at this point changes minus sign, then this point is the minimum point of the function, they are points

learned the maximum that a comma is not put, so there is no yaroslav what he thinks, great rule. i know, if you don't know the answers , choose to watch intellectual entertainment shows. i know on tv channel, belarus 34 the right morning should start with the right breakfast. it sounds interesting, but it seems to me that these are difficult slow carbohydrates , protein and good fats, plus there is also a huge amount of vegetables here. that is, we also get fiber, a balanced healthy meal that will give you energy for the whole day. we will help you choose products and make the first meal tasty and healthy . so let's choose, let's start with color and tactile sensations to determine that our avocados are ripe, if you are tired of boring porridge omelettes every morning. you can sometimes pamper

you with pizza, and let's not forget the invigorating exercise. if you feel that your lumbar region does not allow you to bend far, we work with a military amplitude. naturally, yes, and in his own way. there are fingers, how to train we do special exercises with an opponent with handles with expanders. you need to clamp the expanders. holder of statics, watch breakfast of champions on tv belarus 24. well , right now let's talk about the scales that determine our weight with you and about it specifically too.

moreover, more and more often you can hear that weight is not the main indicator , you need to trust the body mass index, is it so, let's ask our guests anna aleksandrovna hello hello what is the body mass index, how is it calculated and how to deal with racks in general these calculations to date. body mass index - this is the most objective. uh, indicative of determining his weight yet called indie sketly after er, the belgian statistician adolphe kitley, who developed a formula to define it, and he can indirectly show. the consequence of a person’s weight is your height and thereby determine whether body weight is overweight, insufficient or normal, in order to calculate the body mass index, you need to divide your weight in kilograms by your height in meters squared and the figure obtained after division will be the body mass index of age and gender. uh, this generally

indicative body mass index depends, it’s generally an indicator that e allows you to assess preliminary health risks, yes, the classification of the world health organization related to weight, if the body mass index is less than 18.5, then this indicates the presence of insufficient body weight in a person, if it is more than 25 this indicates that that a person is overweight if this indicator is already more than thirty and above. this is already, as it were, the so-called red line, which indicates the presence of obesity in a person. yes, there are different degrees of severity of this indicator. it is certainly not universal, it does not take into account the individual characteristics of the organism. it does not take into account such as bone density, the presence of fluid in the body. it also does not take into account gender and age. but i know that in your laboratory there is a system that takes into account everything, which, perhaps, it seems to me, at the moment you can assess the complete state of the body.

tell and weight - this is only one of the indicators, like the actual body mass index. yes, in our laboratory of functional nutrition, it is possible to conduct a biopendant analysis of body composition using an analyzer. ah, firms. midas device allows. e, in addition to weight , also show such body conditions as the percentage of adipose tissue , muscle tissue, bone tissue, active cell mass , metabolism, basal metabolism, and many other indicators. this method is based on the difference in resistances. our various tissues are exposed to electric current, that is, there the electric discharge is completely harmless to the body. although i would like to note that these studies, it is contraindicated in people who have a pacemaker. well it is also not recommended for pregnant women, but in principle they will have incorrect indicators, say. so these studies are carried out on an empty stomach, preferably in the morning. if

a person does not succeed in the morning, then it is advisable not to eat three hours before this analysis . the characteristic features of this method are the diagnosis of body composition , which is also based on a comparison of anthropometric data. that is, we not only west, we measure the height of a person. also the hips and waist measurements. all this is included in a special program and measurements are carried out and already thanks to a computer program and the difference in the resistance of our various e- organs of the tissue to an electrically accurate picture. yes, because the difference in resistance. different tissues, it is different, for example, in adipose tissue. e, electrically conductive resistance is 10-15 times higher than that of other tissues that make up the lean body mass. how long does such a study take? i understand that anyone can come to you. yes, anyone who wants to can absolutely come to us together with the meeting with the conversation.

e with weighing with all measurements, well, up to 10-15 minutes. this is maximum. you will not even notice how these minutes fly by and already with these data, so to speak, you can go directly to the doctor. if there are any problems, yes, with the results of this analysis , you can already contact a nutritionist in another, a doctor who can solve your problems there, or prescribe a diet, exercise and this method. midas it is he who allows multiple studies, which e allows you to evaluate in dynamics, and is the person using it correctly? the recommendations that the doctor prescribed to him or whether he performs physical activity correctly, that is, in dynamics, to evaluate due to what a person goes e, building muscle mass, leaving fat mass, in general, these are a lot of indicators that are quite interesting and each in its own way carries information about the composition of our body. i'm sure some of our viewers. now they think, why go to

the laboratory there, of course, it’s cool, but now there is a smart scale at home and the software automatically deducted not only weight, but body mass index and uh, body fat, but uh, the technique is understandable . yes, but how do you, as a specialist , feel about this kind of gadgets, as far as they can be trusted, of course. this measurement will be very far from the midas device because this device is included in the medical register. that is, he has. more accurate measurement and we also have such a smart scale and we did a comparative analysis of the data obtained with the impact balance and with the help of the medaz e-device. uh, in some respects they were similar, or minor error. well, as far as weight is concerned, there were also significant differences in body mass index in adipose tissue, which also plays a major role in

the diagnosis and prescription of nutritional correction and hmm lifestyle of a person, therefore, of course, for home use. if you do not insert yourself a goal, like an athlete. so i want to build up, but muscle mass. yes, you can use this scale at home for yourself. but if you want a more accurate result and in their dynamics, follow these household electronic scales. yes smart they are limited, firstly, users there, well, the maximum of up to 10 people can apply data, the number of measurements is limited there, and midas is there. the unlimited number of users is large enough and the ability to build dynamics and graphics that it's also kind of, well, very informative, so for the home. yes, if you set some specific goals of your own and want to achieve something, then, of course, it is best to do it on such equipment that is already registered in the medical registry and gives end result. so maybe

the good old mechanical ones are also suitable for home use. what do you say, this scale, of course, they have a significant drawback - this is the measurement error in such scales. they have a dial, analog, as a rule. it has a very small division price. they have up to a kilogram. especially for people who have poor eyesight, of course, to make out, somewhere there, which lines showed which arrows, it can be very difficult and the error for such is from 0.5 kg to a kilogram, of course, if people need approximately know your weight and weigh yourself every six months. well, everything is fine there, it’s possible, but such scales. ponies are already suitable for athletes, people involved in sports and dieting, as well as for medical workers, such scales, of course, will not work. the most important thing, probably, in any case, to stand on the scales in a good mood. this, of course, is unconditional, because this is just a figure , the main thing is how you feel inside. well, if there are any problems, then first to your laboratory for a miracle study, and

then, if necessary, then to specialists to doctors just like that, and we will rejoice at our place. thank you very much for taking the time for our program. it was really very interesting, and my colleagues are already ready to tell and show not only how modern scales are made, but also how they are checked for accuracy . and i'm dancing at my own wedding or i'm lame, but your surgeon's funeral is preferential, my grandmother's operation from me is perfect angles of the doctor petrov you know your place and you will be in chocolate. get divorced i will make a poor man. well, it looks like you're right,

we won't be able to peacefully get rid of eve. you kidnap eva and then demand a ransom from me and that i not tell the police you are getting, but he would still be eliminated so that you cancel the exchange. this is my grandmother, so you prepare this amount for me.

whether there is a place for national cultures in the modern world or they are being replaced by one global one, look in the new issue of the fashion for culture project this weekend on belarus 24 tv channel. let's take a tour of the main enterprises of our country, it is already impressive, because there are only a few such plants in the world. what we are striving for, but in general, in general, our consumers are satisfied with the quality of products, we will find out the history of the development of production, if we take what happened 36 years

ago, it's just heaven and earth as long as there is an atom, and there are molecules, where to develop digitalization, therefore we will always develop in the direction that is needed and, of course, we will talk about the achievements and results of the work of the soul of the belarusian, because he cannot be a city without this enterprise, an enterprise without a city. me too do you like this job. i like to communicate with people. i like to talk about the fact that we create world-class machines here with our own hands, and belarusian organizations. and about the people who work

there in the quality mark project on the belarus 24 tv channel. production, we check the scales for accuracy . what is called on all fronts in our country , several enterprises are engaged in one of these production units of the belarusian state institute for standardization and certification of the enterprise with the symbolic name etalon specializes it is on the development and creation of electronic desktop scales. i am engaged in desoldering the control indication board for scales; all installation is done manually. here are smd lcd chips, components in 0805 packages and let's show how i do it. the assembly of electronic components, which subsequently displays information on a printed payment, is manual or hand made, and this is not the only scrupulous moment in the production of the main elements. he is the most

expensive in the scales. this is a sensor. they are different types, there are endometrial ones, there is a frequency change there, that is. well, the main distribution was received precisely on such scales, which are small, so to speak, the maximum weight, up to 600 kg there - that's it. there is also a metal sensor. here stands from such a beam called a beam, which means that the bottom line is that resistors are glued onto this beam; the sensor reacts to compression and tension and twisting. when we put an object on the scale, it loads a load cell that registers changes in electrical resistance, which immediately through a digital signal , such a conversion of an analog signal is displayed on the display of the scales, and there is a distinctive

feature that makes the load cell very convenient in production. here is such a sensor, and it happens at 6 kg , the maximum weight is at 15 at 32 and at 3 kg. it's exactly the same shape. basically , 3 kg often flies further than the jumper. well, this is how it is the thinnest, so it is more sensitive and more, if anything , to overload it. it just deforms. if the sensor is already deformed, it is almost impossible to subdue it, however, the case when it requires just a fit to ensure accuracy. there are still replacements at such moments, the masters correct the so-called ribs inside the load cell. depending on the position of the load on the platform. this should be a discrepancy of one discrete from the center. this is achieved precisely under the point with an ordinary needle file is undermined. you see, they are, as it were, a round circle here, but it is deformed. this means they undermined they undermined. well, these were adjusted for

the same readings, after any repair , the scales must pass exactly the same verification, that they were carried out with them immediately after production, the state verification of the scales, and carried out a before operation, but, that is , by implementation, and after the repair, this is the primary state verification, as well as a-a during the period of operation, that is, the subsequent state verification. the check of the scales always begins with an external inspection and a check of the operability of all parts and keys. then we move on to the main verification procedure. it's like determining the error of the scales. uh, we begin to determine the error at the central symmetrical loading. that is, we load the scales from the minimum in this case from 40 g to load the scales. we set the minimum weight. here

we put it in the center of the site for sure. the scales stabilize, it shows us some value, then, according to the verification method, we add additional weights. uh , until the discrete is skipped. each step is recorded in a special protocol for central loading, and then not central. we also have a modification of the scales, which are often used at post offices. uh, they think accurate to 1 g we load 10 g. we load 1 g and the scales are very sensitive to each and they work in the range from 10 g to 35 kg. another obligatory item in the process of assessing the error during the operation of the device, the calibration of the state verification is

evidence of the state verification, as well as the application of state marks to this measuring instrument, and information about the state verification is in the state infectious fund to ensure the uniformity of measurements. this is public information. for each consumer in our country. here, in the literal sense, the scales are tested for strength. depending on the climatic version, products can be tested in salt fog chambers, as well as solar radiation. this is the chamber of heat and cold where the scales undergo climatic tests at temperatures from -10° to plus 40°, so that in any temperature. they could work correctly and accurately. the main task of such experiments is to determine the limit of the work of weight systems and the probable problems that may arise when using devices under extreme conditions.