[000:00:00;00] between them, a sharp, honed and jagged blade of a deadly garland was stretched for several hundred meters exactly at the place where the ford, apparently this is not the last victim of the us border service, the passing scores of higher educational institutions in belarus increased by about 15-20, the maximum threshold value refers to specialties international law at bsu, where 10 people were enrolled , the passing score was 398 in second place , specialty dentistry at vitebsk state medical university, third software engineering in bentu. more than 3.000 medalists came to our institutions of higher education for the budget form of education 2,4.000 applicants were enrolled without exams. these are the guys who are the winners of the republican international university olympiad, who had the opportunity to come to universities for specialties that

are in demand by the economy. this task is by and large sufficient. uh, seriously fulfilled state universities enrolled almost 28,000 batteries, which will receive education at the expense of the competition budget there were one and four people per place at the moment, the admission targets are 98% fulfilled. i'll see you all at 19:00. no,

goodbye. approximately every second person on the planet wears them; for some, this is a complementary image of an accessory for the majority. still a necessity, given the presence in our lives. almost in the 24/7 mode of phones, tablets and computers, i dare to assume that this item will be a very, very

long invention in the trend. by the way, it's ancient. although few. who will think about this, as well as about that science is nearby, we will try once again to remind you of this today, literally by scientific parts, we will analyze the glasses of ekaterina brestskaya's studio hello and look at the program. only for the nobility and only as protection from the sun, when and where did the glasses appear, who decided to combine two optical lenses into a frame and not only the eyes will understand. what organs actually allow us to see. the very first glasses of which archaeologists found in the tomb of the egyptian pharaoh

tutankhamun were sun glasses, and the emperor the neuron that could not stand the sun's rays looked at them, according to historians, through the emerald even more facts from the history of glasses. i'll tell you right now a large number of lenses archaeologists discovered in greece that a person then used them as an optical instrument. moreover, in the work also found by archaeologists, by that time there is not a word about the use of faces for vision correction about 900 years ago, arab scientists al-gazen realized that they could see enlarged objects. it is possible through a spherical piece glass. the discovery is considered the first stage in the creation of ophthalmic optics for a long time, the masters made a lens for only one eye , and only at the end of the 12th century, according to most historians, the first

optical device appears. in italy , a florentine master connected two lenses with the help of a frame. salvador de armata, a version appeared a little later that the first glasses were invented by roger bacon , he studied the anatomy of the eye and even wrote a treatise on the refraction of sunlight. a monocle appears inside the lens in the 14th century xv fashionable larnet, which the ladies held by the handle and competed among themselves with the decor of the larnet accessory, was decorated with precious stones, a century later , pince-nez came into fashion, however, it was very difficult to wear it . he put pressure on the bridge of the nose. and only in the 18th century did glasses appear that were held on the ears. dushki was invented by optician edward scarlett . we still use his invention. but soft contact lenses were made relatively recently only in 1889 by the ophthalmologist august muller. the very same idea

of ​​a vision correction mechanism. with a lens belongs and disputes. in this matter. no leonardo da vinci in 1508. he drew a sketch of contact lenses and described the improvement of the optical system of the human eye by contacting the cornea with water, of course, at that time it was simply unrealistic to realize this breakthrough idea, and the first glass lens was made only three centuries later. the first optical devices for vision correction, which were already similar to modern ones , appeared it was when a person realized that it was necessary to correct today that the anatomy of the eye was studied almost thoroughly, however scientists continue profile research with us. stepan, an employee of the institute of physiology of the academy of sciences of belarus, is in touch, good afternoon, since our eye is arranged and how we see from a physiological point of view, hello

ekaterina, it’s worth saying that the eye is essentially one of the most complex human senses, however, it’s worth saying that the eyes are only a receiver of information. they receive a picture and transmit information for further processing to the brain , the two main parts of the eye, which are responsible for receiving information from the surrounding world. the first such part can be called the lens, which consists, in fact, from the cornea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe aqueous body of the lens and the vitreous body, the second part is the retina, which consists of two types of photoreceptors, which are called rods and couch rods, and are responsible for night vision and peripheral vision in in turn, the brackets are responsible precisely for color perception and for central vision ; it gives clarity of the picture, accuracy and color gas. how does the visual

perception of the world take place, and in fact, the light that reflected from the objects of the outside world enters the eye. uh, passing through the lens system. e, at the same time, it is refracted and the resulting image falls on now. however, it is worth saying that the picture turns out to be inverted and the resulting images are reduced. e, gets on the retina of the eye and photoreceptors, which are activated under this picture and transmit information, and through the optic nerves to the circle of the brain, and in the cerebral cortex itself, or rather in the visual part of the occipital cortex of the brain, and information is processed, the information received already through the action of photoreceptors, which entered the visual matter of the brain, is processed , including the image that was received initially turned upside down, it turns over and

directly from this we see the world as it is, as it is. uh, also going on. uh, color processing of the resulting image, as well as through associative. eh, comparisons, the brain already recognizes any objects from the surrounding world and creates its own associations so that we people often understood the picture, watching some. the same cloud see in them different objects it happens. from the fact that they process information received from the outside on the basis of their experience through associations. uh, that is, on the information that we have learned throughout our lives, but about various objects , effects, properties, uh, and so on stepan thank you very much for the detailed answer, i know how our vision works. you can roughly guess how it is tested, although guessing in scientific matters, not our style is modern

my colleagues tested the system of ophthalmic diagnostics for themselves. more than 8 years ago , tamara vorobey found out that she had problems with the retina, then the woman was advised to have an operation. i have problems with chat. i turned to the doctor. and now, since 2015, i have been undergoing treatment, and the treatment is successful. i pierce injections. uh, diprospan is generally an improvement, so i still don’t dare to have an operation. they helped a woman in the ophthalmology department, the third minsk city hospital. there, patients are not only treated, but literally on the fingers they explain what happens to the eyes and with the most common

pathology of myopia. myopia is if we, in order to understand all this clearly, all this happens according to the laws of physics, the eyeball is stretched. let's say, our eyeball, when the vision is one, when we strain the eye when working with gadgets, the muscles compress it and the eyeball begins to stretch. this is the stretching of the eyeball, when the image no longer hits our retina. she became here longer more stretched. and we need to put before the eye stronger and stronger, a diverging lens that will allow the image to hit exactly this stretched retina. this is myopia in order to correct this situation in thalmologists and prescribe the ratio of glasses, but the greater the minus, the greater the diopter of the lens -2 -4 - 10, which means that the eyeball becomes more and more this woman, of course. these are beautifully large deep eyes in which

men drown, but in reality the retina cannot stretch endlessly on it , dystrophy forms, stretch marks form. to tell in plain language understandable to our patients. and this is where the problem lies. and this results in reduced vision. and if you do not deal with pathology, then you can bring the situation to such a state in which the only way out will be surgical treatment, however, any surgical intervention. in any case, it is accompanied by risks in the treatment of non-surgical treatment and researchers are working in close tandem with doctors from the third city minsk clinic and scientists from the belarusian medical university. at our advisory center thanks to the clinic, thanks to the department of eye diseases of the belarusian state medical university, with the support of the administration, many methods for treating this pathology have been developed. in particular. these are injections in the shell of the eye, which now support the cube, which

does not allow dystrophy to develop, does not allow the visual cells to die, preserves the integrity of the eyeball membranes, does not allow it to stretch further, and the supply of nutrients to the nerve cells. and as a result, the restoration of vision leaves the flies, floating black nets that are in front of the eyes go away, visual acuity is restored, trophic disturbances in the shells are being restored. and, accordingly, our patients begin to see better. future ophthalmologists are trained in the hospital, and this task, as teachers admit, is one of the main ones on the basis of our department of eye diseases of the belarusian state medical university, we train students of the future life. e, ophthalmologists and other specialists, we tell them about

eye diseases and teach them how to helps people and many of our students, of course, want to be an ophthalmologist, so we are very glad that even refresher courses for doctors are held on the basis of our department, so this is the fact that our department is on the basis of the third time. the number of clinical hospitals is a big plus, because the clinic has a huge history and has been the base for the belarusian state medical university for a very long time. the profession of an ophthalmologist is becoming especially relevant these days, as people's eyesight is rapidly deteriorating. it must be said that on today the number of patients with a refractive feature is growing all over the world, probably the reasons are the optical load that children are exposed to from the moment

they start preparing for school during school entrance to universities. and this is work at close range with a huge number of gadgets, luminous objects that are hard to perceive by the eye, harder than a text on paper. all this leaves its mark and is reflected in the refraction of people , this fact makes it necessary to regularly examination and observation of an ophthalmologist is the norm for everyone, both for children and for adults. the examination should be carried out regularly, if there are no special complaints, then once a year is mandatory, because as the child grows, the eyeball grows and the refraction of the eye changes and that's it. it requires control. uh, checking visual acuity , refraction, checking the thickness of the cornea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe internal means of the eye, checking the condition

of the retina, as a person grows, and the eyeball grows, the membranes of the eye follow and stretch. our removable group decided not to only to find out how ophthalmological diagnostics work, but also to test its capabilities on ourselves, we started with the most common method of checking visual acuity using a special repeat fractometer apparatus, and then checking the eye pressure inside, all this goes quickly and completely painlessly. normally , the human eye is 24-19 mm - this is such an average size of the eyes, but the shell premiums stretch and become thinner and that's it. this means that there may be changes. retinal bound some cups these fears

pre-breaks breaks and it requires regular. examination of the fundus with a fundus lens while controlling the anterior size of the eyeball . the so-called anterior posterior axis of the eyeball. checking with a fundus lens allows you to timely see the same retinal breaks that often appear in people with myopia. the same study shows the state of the vessels of the fundus. well, this is the main thing further as the complaints of patients grow, it is necessary to monitor the thickness of the cornea. after all, with thinning of the cornea with its irregular shape, astigmatism, diseases such as keratoconus occur, which do not give a clear picture ; they require a special vision of special control by ophthalmologists. having tested the possibilities of modern diagnostics of eye diseases , we can say with accuracy that from the earliest

years everyone should have not only their own dentist, but also their own ophthalmologist. near today the focus of our attention is glasses and look further. to sharpen or protect your eyes, let's look at the modern variety of glasses. contact lenses are very comfortable, but not is it dangerous. they are passionate about what they love and try to popularize it among the younger generation. here there is usually an egg of a kulik bird called a lapwing. this is

typical egg color, and we managed to find it. in the nest of miracles that had a unique white masonry, their broad outlook and inquisitive mind can only be envied. i ’m walking along a defective road, the second road from the town of olshany was a kind of tread, the sharaze has no thirties and the duck will already be 100 years old. i've been driving different vases since the cob. well, it's all jaku and god to drive cars people who live in the woods and do everything for the development of their little homeland well , i think i don’t mean anything like that, i want the same thing in this, some kind of my son for mercy. eh, such such e cuteness. i

would not hesitate to silently in the capital, watch the draft policy on belarus 24 tv channel. in this information vacuum , there is a need for answers to questions in the air. how to expose in the modern storm of the new geopolitics, despite the madness of the politicians of the neighboring country. we are obliged to live with them at least in a bad world goals and main challenges meets the fundamental national interest of belarus in front of the building of the secretariat, the city of beijing has already been reserved, that you definitely won’t go far alone for the national flag of the republic of belarus, because it is important to look for friends with the same interests. there are many economic processes, let's say such processes, which

are mutually beneficial according to the british portal. third on tv channel belarus 24 points studied, the structure of the eye was also checked vision now is the time to understand the rules for selecting glasses, and this will help us our guest associate professor of the department of ophthalmology of the belarusian medical academy after graduation, candidate of medical sciences polina andreevna hello hello polina, today we are talking about glasses. let's take a look at what they are. it is clear that farsightedness is shortsightedness for correction, but there are a number of diseases, uh, in which glasses are also needed. well , you probably heard such a word as

otstigmatism and patients often ask our questions. what it is? explain what it is most often just features anthonic structure of the eye, when the optical system of the eye is not absolutely spherical and therefore the image on the retina is not collected in a single image focus. it can be a little blurry, as if uneven, and then to correct this. cylindrical glass is added to spherical glass, but these are already features of optics. there is another condition. you've probably heard of press biopsy, too, or call it uh, it's also age-related farsightedness. this is not a pathology. we are all around the age of 45 , give or take, wear reading glasses. this fine. the fact is that with age, our eye loses its ability as an imodation. that is, it is difficult for us to see small objects at close range. yes, it's okay to

refuse. how often do patients ask that maybe i will not wear them, and it would be better for me to refuse such glasses. it is not necessary that it be comfortable and convenient to work nearby. there are also glasses that are popularly called protective glasses in front of a computer, when they sit here, how this thing works and whether it works, there is such a moment that we live, probably in the world, where we are always in front of some kind of monitor screen, then the computer is a plan. this phone is unimportant and any screen has its hazards. this is electromagnetic radiation and flicker and tap and it is believed that the range of blue color is especially harmful to the eye, and here are these computer glasses. there are special lenses that remove this eye strain that protect our eyes from these flickers, flickers and the irritating effect of the blue aspect. great. let's then

directly to those glasses, without which well nothing is visible at all. so let's say. yes, now in almost every optics. yes, there is an ophthalmologist, please, for an additional fee, a small one , they will check you right on the spot and so on. is it possible, or is it still better to go to the clinic the old fashioned way, if it is really an ophthalmologist or optometrist? there is such a separate specialty a person who is engaged in the selection of points. it is absolutely possible, but probably, if these are your first glasses, you never use them, it is better to come to an appointment with a specialist, be it a polyclinic center some kind of medical to check, in principle, all the parameters of vision and make sure that you just need glasses. some glasses are selected individually. if there is a specialist in optics, it is very good. and more importantly , they measure here from behind. yes between pupillary distance. what is it for? eh,

one thing is actually very important too. everyone has their own most common, probably in the world 62 64 mm between the pupillary distance and here is the optical axis, which is set in lenses , it is in spectacle lenses that it should be exactly in front of the pupil, if this does not match with us, then we will get tired of offering these glasses very quickly. and, of course, there will be increased eye strain, which can generally lead to. to pain and some kind of poor health. yes, even that is, if uh glasses are for business and you feel dizzy, you are not comfortable, maybe, uh, your problem is not that your prescription for cash is written incorrectly, maybe the problem is that in a particular frame slightly disregarded. here are these comic topographical features that fit there may be some other reasons for you, when there is still such a moment, especially if this is the first glasses, if these are astigmatic

glasses, we usually give a person time to get used to them adaptation. yes, it should be, if these are new glasses, there should be some time to join, usually 2-3 weeks. this is especially true for astigmatic glasses, because that's where these cylindrical glasses are. and when we just start wearing them, maybe a slight discomfort, maybe even dizziness, but unfortunately, it also happens that even with absolutely correctly selected glasses, but a person’s right simply has his own individual intolerance to it, it can be too strong and then it’s better to double-check to find what is comfortable, this also happens , we are all different and everyone is very different from each other, preparing for interview. uh, i read somewhere about what people with myopia have. maybe with time. uh, such a thing as a retinal tear. tell me is it really and only if e with myopia is myopic eye, it is

arranged a little differently. he is a little increased in the anterior posterior size, and accordingly, the greater the degree for the bulge, the more the eye is enlarged anterior posteriorly, the more it will be stretched now and it is the so-called extreme periphery of the retina, tears may occur due to its overstretching. this does not mean that you will definitely have it, but if you have myopia, even if you have small degrees, you need to find time and come to the ophthalmologist so that you look at your fundus to determine if you have any prerequisites. do you need to be followed periodically and generally observed by an ophthalmologist, but it must be said that this is not necessary, with myopia there may be retinal breaks. and in principle, for example, teenagers who grew up quickly were quickly pulled out of their eyes, respectively, they also do not have time to quickly

lean out against the background of this growth. collagen does not have time and there may be such prerequisites, that is, by and large. we can say that if some kind of toads suddenly appeared, complaints can be on and suddenly appeared, floating flies before the eyes or like a feeling of flickering lightning before the eyes. this does not mean that you must have a rupture, but this is a reason for going to the ophthalmologist. let 's talk about contact lenses, because those with poor eyesight, who girls especially do not like the way glasses fit on them, but prefer contact lenses. here again. what about diopters? yes, if we are talking, for example, about myopia, and the diopter in contact lenses should be , uh, a little different than in glasses, of course, and contact lenses are the main mistake here. although usually the doctor always explains what if

you have contact lenses, this does not mean that you do not wear glasses, but there are a lot of conditions when contact lenses need to be removed and their relationship is contraindicated, starting even colds foam parties somewhere at work. there is some kind of watering load in the smoky room, maybe, and then, of course, contact lenses are undesirable, since this method of correction that we put on, roughly speaking, is not. by eye this is contact and this can lead to inflammatory diseases that are quite serious, with which will be very difficult to deal with. therefore , if we have contact lenses, then we do not forget that we must have glasses and i can not ask you. is it possible, uh, if you take up the restoration of vision correction, for example, from childhood to avoid all the same? yes , wearing lens glasses, i know that once even some physiotherapy was prescribed for children when

problems first appeared at school age. now this is done, it works in general by this method, like any charge. it's not bad, but trust me if you're meant to be you will be myopic with myopia another thing, if you constantly deal with a child, that is, the degree of its development. maybe a little. suspend here, of course, trying. mom again well, now there are definitely no more questions left. thank you so much for taking the time to join our program. 1,000 years ago socrates said nature has endowed us with two eyes and two ears, but with only one tongue so that we can see and listen more than we talk. today, this quote takes on a new meaning, because at least to see. we got off to a better start. and all,