intellectually entertaining shows on the tv channel belarus 24 secrets of a good mood in general, i came to the ticks and got to meet amazing people on a holiday. it seems to me that i am absolutely happy here, especially when you create it with your own hands for decades, you can already say that all diseases are cured. this is a small ranch. by the way, who visited? everyone likes everything here; the place is the most interesting according to statistics. this is purely my personal statistics, much more active. these are the types of activities that girls find themselves in, rather than guys, look. i

i come to work with joy and understand that i will produce a product that will bring joy and pleasure to people and will bring goodness to everyone in the world. i am sure that my work is the key to peace and creation. as a child, i dreamed of visiting a factory where candy is made. my childhood dream came true and immediately came true as an adult; it became my profession. this year marks 20 years since i have been working at the communard factory. for 20 years. it has changed a lot and new workshops have been added. many new lines have been added. now this is such a giant that ensures that the product market does not stand still , the factory is developing and is thriving. over the course of 20 years, i have tried myself in many processes. so,

then we opened one of our new lines, a modular line. so i got there. now i work there as an operator and foreman. this is one of our most powerful lines with a capacity of up to a ton per hour. it can be said that the workplace is the heart of the line. i am in the very heart of my activities during the work shift. we we try the product that casts. well, of course, i’m trying to limit myself from sweets, but it’s hard, working in a factory and seeing so many delicious, beautiful candies. it's very hard. this is work on yourself all the time. at our factory, every day we have excursions; children come home from school when they see so many candies, when their eyes talk, and when they want to try everything. just smiles. it makes me happy and brings me pleasure when there is such a quantity. you see the sweets produced every day and realize that you put in

the effort. this is your work. and that they will go to thousands of families and bring joy and pleasure to people. this is such a product. this is the hormone of happiness, that is, you bring everything positive to me, well, my heart rejoices. my mouth alone cannot boast of such a family tree, but the world has three ancestors. i saw a family of at least 33 representatives, five of which are well known to all of us today. but despite the fact that their history goes back 1,000 years, scientists around the world are still puzzling over where they took root for the first time. you will be surprised, but this is all from citrus fruits, yes, yes, and

we will talk about lemons, tangerines and grapefruits today and once again, not without surprise , we will be convinced that science is nearby in this matter too. my name is ekaterina beretskaya. hello. and don't miss it in the program. without the help of genetic scientists we would not have figured it out. where did citrus fruits come from? how long did it take our researchers to create their unique lemonarium? and we’ll find out how citrus fruits are grown in our country very soon. at that time, it was believed that citrus fruits were local wild trees and shrubs that grow throughout europe and

the lands of the middle east. however, modern historians have come to the conclusion that the ancestor of citrus fruits is the citron. alexander the great brought it to greece at the end of the fourth century bc. this is where we found out quite recently, i propose to study the history of the issue together. recent studies conducted by geneticists from france, spain and the usa indicate that the first citrus fruits appeared in south or southeast asia after that, they began to spread throughout western pakistan and central china. and then they appeared in new guinea on the islands of polynesia and milanesia, and even in the northeast of australia, and it’s still difficult to say where exactly. and even more so, when citrus fruits appeared, it’s still very difficult to find them

genealogy has been little studied, and the process of domestication is little known. however, every year scientists conduct more and more research that brings us closer to the truth. thus, researchers from the joint institute of genetics of the us department of energy and institute of agrarian research of valencia and checked, that is, determined the nucleotide sequence of dna and rna or thirty species of plants of the genus citrus, by this time they had the results of another study in their hands. they analyzed the already known genomes of 28 species of this plant genus and the genus sivirinia. this, by the way, is also a relative of citrus fruits. the result of this long and voluminous study was the conclusion that citrus fruits appeared about eight million years ago in northeastern india and the southeast. in china, these assumptions are confirmed by archaeologists. over the next 2 million years

, citrus fruits spread throughout tropical asia and then to many regions of the planet, but with a great delay. yes egypt citron. it arrived only 2,500 years ago, and europe tried citrus fruits only at the beginning of our era. you will probably be surprised, but lemons were brought to belarus earlier than potatoes ; citrus fruits appeared on the tables back in the 15th century, while potatoes were almost two centuries later, and now some information for understanding what kind of fruit it is, and in the literal sense, the citron, the progenitor of citrus fruits, became the father of the mexican lime or lemon; orange is the result of crossing pomelo and tangerine, and grapefruit is a similar process, in which orange

and pomelo were already involved; let’s continue to understand the types. and, of course, the studio programs and make varieties of citrus fruits. this will be the head of the laboratory of greenhouse plants of the central botanical garden of the academy of sciences of belarus , ekaterina valerievna. hello, please tell us, why do we have botany? garden i've read a lot about the greenhouse and citrus fruits. and how many there are today, if possible, exactly the types and varieties of citrus growing in belarus began back in the 15th century. there were also citrus fruits in the grand duchy of lithuania. only rich nobles had them on the tables of princes, but already from the 15th century. we can say that little by little citrus fruits began to appear in our country. in the central botanical garden , citrus fruits first appeared in the late thirties of the last century, then the collection consisted of over 50 species and varieties of citrus fruits. well , of course, during the great patriotic war the collection was badly damaged, but was not completely destroyed and was revived. it

began somewhere in the late seventies of the last century, on the initiative of academician smolsky, who at that time was the director of the botanical garden. lemon was the first to appear in the collection, pavlovsk is considered the most favorable and suitable species for cultivation in greenhouses in northern latitudes; it is also suitable for indoor citrus growing. well, then other varieties appeared, either montmeira or montmanoclo, which is considered very resistant to all diseases and pests of citrus fruits , today we have 109 species and varieties of citrus plants in our collection ; we are constantly expanding the collection and working with citrus growers. e, i. and, of course, with leading institutions in other countries in this field. are there any belarusian citrus fruits in the botanical garden today , bred by our scientists? maybe among our specimens, so to speak. they

are. yes, of course, for about 20 years now. we are carrying out selection work. we have there are five varieties selected by the botanical garden : grapefruit orange dwarf pomelo bogatyr sor. lemons, the fragrant folk and the belarusian world and here among today's uh, our our guests, yes, and there is the lemon of the world , the belarusian world, the belarusian yes and. eh, lemon is fragrant. well, that is, uh, its name, uh, absolutely describes all its properties. it's really very fragrant. this is the real aroma of lemon. well , i think the belarusian world doesn’t need any additional advertising. everyone knows him. everyone loves it due to its taste and in appearance, it has a very thin skin and

very, uh, juicy pulp. in general, one of the most popular varieties. well, not only in belarus, but i’m not afraid of this word all over the world. that is, you also distinguish them externally. yes, according to the varieties, we can say, yes, of course, definitely. the peel there may be of different thicknesses. yes? yes, but what about color? well, do you have any identical copies there? absolutely right. let ’s say this lemon, a lemon is also a lemon. yes, the cardboard variety is also called red lemon. and because of the color peels. he really is like that. this unusual one looks like a tangerine, but in fact it is a lemon. i suggest that you and i take a break for a moment, because your entire collection in the citrus greenhouse has already been examined, and my colleagues are ready to share with us both personnel and important and useful information right now. under what conditions

are citrus fruits grown in our country? let's watch. in the limonarium of the botanical garden in belarus, the scientist anton enthusiastically enters, as if into his own home, and this is logical all his he dedicated and continues to devote his research career to the study of citrus fruits. it’s hard to imagine, but just a few decades ago, greenhouses were half empty. the union had empty greenhouses, they all had no heating, and we had to do something , because, well, we traveled a lot and came to the conclusion that it was citrus fruits, and then how everything stabilized there, and we decided it was better to collect. and so they began to create a collection. and

so it was. we have 34 varieties, just now we have it, even for the first time for belarus. somewhere there are already five varieties. it appears they are registered. we also have interesting varieties. i even washed these very beautiful reviews, they are already writing a lot, because it turned out very well and the fruitful you see, ours. variety this is washed, he is my batyr , they called the variety ours, it takes good cuttings and covers well and is unpretentious, or for belarus it is very handsome. the big

interesting fruit here is that they are interesting. they bloom all the time, even for a month. there are always flowers and fruits and flowers there are breeders, there are even hundreds of varieties, then there are. the belarusian world has many trees in the world, but it is on the one higher that the fruits are large, healthy , and so annual, we thought for the first year, maybe the second year, in fact, that’s how we have it too, yes, we registered it . so interesting.

there are pomelo if there are a lot of grapefruits. work in the limonaria is carried out all year round during the most beautiful season. this, of course, is when every tree is strewn with fruits and it’s autumn, so that the harvest is of high quality, scientists are constantly improving the care system experiment, conduct experiments and derive the ideal formula for their content. but the most important thing in this matter is noted by researchers. this is the humidity and it should be 60-70%, because the homeland of exotic plants is humid subtropical temperatures, they love high temperatures, but in winter they live well and at only plus three degrees. the same new zealand lemons that literally all visitors to the exhibition wanted to take a photo with, belarus intellectual, were

grown here. and, to be more specific, scientists removed the fruits from this tree. periodically, people walk through this greenhouse and their hobby is growing citrus fruits. there are many lovers who we share both their experiences and the plants themselves. we arrived then already. somehow the idea was born that i was at least going to gather here. we even go two years twice a year. by the way, if you want to start growing citrus fruits, then advice from experts is better to purchase the first tree in the botanical garden store, since it was bred in our native conditions. this means that it has already been adapted and risks. his death rate is decreasing significantly. you are watching a science project nearby today

we are studying the world of citrus fruits, stay with us , there is a lot of interesting things ahead. for the taste of light and size, together we will conduct a tasting of belarusian lemons, tangerines and even citron. how to care for exotic plants at home and who citrus growers are, you will find out. very soon young interior designers will ask bold, unexpected and sometimes very touching questions to famous people. why now all children want to become a blogger , we will learn interesting facts from the biography. in

it actually came out in gold helika. so i still gained sincere emotions from him. exclusive stories hockey players earn differently, just like all people in different industries. if you achieve, uh, great success and become. well, conventionally, there is a top level, yes, then, of course, you earn a lot of money, watch the project 100 questions for an adult on our tv channel , every week the heroes of the project go on a journey of such architectural solutions and such monuments. you probably won't meet in no corner of belarus according to the rules of the project. they must complete all tasks and complete the quest. so, i received a rather interesting task: find a cork tree plantation, together with them we will visit

the historical places of our country and admire the sights. this historical holy place was created in honor of st. nicholas nevsky behind my back, the same amulet that was erected at the beginning of the 20th century, a kind of big ben of this city. wow, there's even a freemason sign here. here it is, look in the program rock, paper scissors on our tv channel. we return to the program studio and continue to talk about citrus fruits. you really have no idea how fragrant they are.

our current objects of study ekaterina valerievna they can be eaten, right? yes , absolutely all citrus fruits are suitable for consumption, and then it’s a matter of taste, so then i declare the tasting open. well, let's continue then, so to speak, we've sorted out the lemons and there are different ones here. yes, you can try. of course you can try. well, of course, i hardly determined, a by taste. it's not sour or sweet at all. yes, this is the same notorious meyer lemon.

yes, even a little bit of it with such a plate in the store can be purchased, i understand correctly, but you know, sometimes you can find it, but extremely rarely and in very small quantities, that is , you need to grow it yourself yes the most reliable way to grow it yourself, is it the same or not . it will already be ah, the lemon is fragrant. try it. and the peel is absolutely soft. yes, it ’s absolutely true that fragrant and lemon of the world are varieties of our belarusian selection. what their advantage is that they are more stable compared to analogues even from other countries, because they are grown in our conditions. they are adapted to our light regime and temperatures. therefore , this is the main advantage of our citrus crops. but how many lemons come from one tree? well, if you take years there,

for example, how many years. the first year, it’s clear, it probably won’t bear fruit. yes? well, yes, as a rule, citrus fruits are vegetatively decomposed and begin to bear fruit in the fourth or fifth year, they can set fruit earlier, but it is recommended to remove this entry and remove these buds, because it is believed that the plant is small. here are citrus fruits that are quite large and heavy and plants. first, it must increase the green mass m. large in order to retain these fruits, well , on average, and it all depends on the variety and on the age of the plant; in the first years , 1 2 3 lemons may appear. but, and then, and when the plant is replanted into a larger and larger pot, the pot will grow and the number of fruits will even increase, but it’s scary to imagine. what size is it already? the tree on which this miracle, so to speak

, grows. tell us what it is. this is the right one from the exhibition. that's right. this is the same lemon from the new zealand lemon variety exhibition in our lemonarium. this is a huge tree. it is about 30 years old, about 3.5 m in height and is ripening on it. such large fruits can weigh up to kilograms. is this the result of crossing what? it is the result of crossing a lemon and a citron. in general, all citrus fruits are hybrids. as you already said at the beginning of the program, initially in in nature there were only three types of mandarin pomelo and citron, and everything else is already hybrids, but including lemons, lemon , by the way, is a natural hybrid, but there are varieties obtained as a result of selection so well, i can’t do that, of course , don't try. no,

lemon, the fragrant one was sweeter. the sourness is so good. yes, but still, this is such a hybrid of lemon and citron, therefore, well, yes . how long can they be stored in the refrigerator, for example, or is it better not to store them in the refrigerator at all? several months, new zealand lemon, thanks to its such. well, uh, with a thick peel , it may not even be stored very well longer . yes? no, where is the thin skin? yeah , this one arrived fine there. well, no, although nothing will happen. everything, of course, is the same with us. what i thought were tangerines, it turns out. there's lemon here too. tell me in detail, and in the meantime i’ll try. yes, here we have, uh,

cantonese lemon, but there are also small fruits, colobandina. these are also hybrids, also a hybrid. yes , this is a hybrid of tangerines and kumquats, you can even use them eat with the peel, but you can also peel it. and this, yes, they give small ones, right? i also thought it would be sweet, but in fact it’s sour, in fact it’s sour, but still the sourness is pleasant. and these are also the same in taste, yes, approximately. yes , they are like real ones, there are no lemons, not even the slightest. eh, some real hint of something sweet, like lemon. here amalia it looks like a tangerine, but it tastes like a real lemon. and you yourself love citrus fruits. yes, to be honest, i love you, but i love you more oranges, that is, these are all sour, this is not for me, my favorite variety is

washington washington nevel. just so sweet, yes sweet, without any sourness, but you grow them at home or you have enough citrus fruits at work. you know at home, tell me honestly, i don’t have citrus fruits. i don’t spend a lot of time caring for this crop at work, so at home. well , at least for now for now. but the key here, it seems to me, is the word for now , yes, everything is possible, thank you very much for taking the time to feed us solid vitamins to expand your collection and, of course, good harvests. thank you always, thank you. and you come to visit us to admire, be sure to enjoy the aroma, be sure to thank you for inviting people who

have turned the cultivation of citrus fruits into a hobby, scientists, as it turns out , are called citrus growers, if you also want to harvest a fragrant harvest from the branches of exotic plants, our next report is for you. we propaganda tell them on tv about the horrors of war, that a peaceful sky above your head is the highest value. for us in our country, compared to the rest of the world , there are practically no crimes involving the use of firearms. each trunk is taken into account; lukashenko demonstratively speaks about the peaceful sky and the importance of the motherland for a person in alexandria; he speaks about a common peace for a common fatherland at the slavic bazaar; and between these good holidays. he is not a popular military man , he is engaged in the cause of possible problems. and this is the economy. i am sure that

alexander grigorievich will be president for a very long time, not because he wants to. here's how human. it seems to me that he would have long ago wanted a little more calm, but now the country needs it, so it will be igor tour’s author’s view of the main events in the country and on the international arena. watch on the belarus 24 tv channel the phenomenon of belarusian folk art in the cultural fashion project, we will learn what naive art is and see the largest collection of painted carpets in our country welcome to the only malyavanka museum in belarus. watch this weekend on

belarus 24 tv channel. to tame a citrus fruit is actually not difficult , the main thing is just to know how to do it, for example, quite often the leaves of exotic plants begin to turn black, dry out and curl up, and it seems to us that the citrus fruits do not have enough water. but this is not so; most often , such symptoms indicate overflow. but in fact, when we overwater the plants, the roots stop functioning normally, and not just cannot suck up this water, and we get the same picture as if we didn’t give the plants, but here we just need

to focus on the condition of the soil. uh, if you can’t tell, it’s by the color of the soil, let’s say political soil, it’s darker . usually when it dries out a little. it becomes lighter than this greyish shade. you just take your finger and touch it. these are our best tools. that is, if the soil is crumbly, you can take it in your hand and it crumbles easily. so it's time to water the plants. another important rule is that the water for irrigation should not be cold; water should be at least room temperature with warm water, especially in the summer, because it happens if the pot heats up, then this difference is not very pleasant for the plant even in winter. of course you need to understand there is. in winter, in general , citrus fruits like cooler temperatures; one might even say that they should be placed on some kind of loggia. maybe someone has a temperature of 14-16° c in their apartment, our temperature is usually higher.

well, during the warm period, when you brought your new fragrant pet from the store, do not rush to place it on the windowsill of the south window. everything needs to be done gradually, the plant must adapt to new conditions. first, let him stand next to the east or west windows. and to make this adaptation to new conditions as simple as possible , citrus fruits need to be fed; according to experts, they are responsive to complex mineral fertilizer. we fertilize exactly when the plants are growing; from spring until about september, you can start feeding them regularly once every 2 weeks from the end of february or mid-september. eh, acceptable as root feeding. this is when we dilute the solution, make fertilizer, water it at the root, and we only water on wet soil, when we have first watered the wet soil, and then we can do root

feeding the next day. the best option for citrus fruits would be to alternate root feeding with the so-called foliar feeding. root fertilizing is usually done in them. uh, the same fertilizers can be used if they are well soluble and the dose of fertilizer is reduced twice , it is important to completely wet the leaves of the plants - we take a spray bottle and spray it and uh, it is advisable to also get it on the underside of the leaf, because from the underside of the leaf of the plant. better absorbs these minerals. you also need to keep in mind that the transplanted plants are fresh. or we don’t feed only the planted ones, since there are enough nutrients there and the plants are still adapting. well, the last rule when choosing soil for citrus fruits is that you don’t need to rely on fancy marketing companies; the best soil for exotic plants is simple universal soil. despite

the fact that the dna of citrus fruits has already been studied all the same, no one knows how and under what circumstances the first lemon seed fell into the ground. and even more so where it came from, but the very fact of the emergence of the citrus world perfectly confirms the phrase of the french writer and philosopher michel, de montaigne in nature. there is nothing useless i will add. just as there is nothing that would not become the object of attention of scientists.

on july 1, amendments were made to the law on external labor migration, so that the first goal in this document has changed - to optimize or structure the procedure for the departure of citizens the republics are taken abroad, which turns to our heels, which are issued by the ministry of internal affairs for the employment of citizens of the republic. well , the second goal, of course, is the law. well, it also regulates the procedure for the departure of minor citizens for employment. this also now provides for the responsibility of state bodies that control the stay of minors abroad and, uh, resolve all emergency situations that may arise. well, the second one is, of course, simplify the procedure for attracting foreign labor to the territory of belarus under certain circumstances and so on. probably , certain categories of citizens who are foreign citizens who are on the territory of belarus need to obtain special permits, that is, permits for work and in fact. that is , this is the main purpose of these laws

, in order to simplify the procedure for attracting foreign labor on the territory of belarus. well, to structure it a little, probably, the departure of belarusian citizens abroad along the line. e licensees who are involved in this idea. well, maybe a few moments of simplification are the most significant. firstly, we provided the right; this has never happened before. over the 30 years of independence of belarus, students have been able to work, that is, foreign students, of which we have about 20,000 , a fairly large category of people can work on the territory of belarus, the entire special decision is based on 20 hours a week, because the main goal, of course, is their study 20 hours a week a week to provide yourself with a living wage and in no case get involved in illegal activities , which, unfortunately, is also present first aspect another aspect and seasonal migrant workers who come to work, for example, on our collective farms, who can also work in other enterprises without a special permit, third inspector for the first time of the ministry of labor. uh, social protection has approved a list of 10 professions in which it is also possible to engage without obtaining special permission, these include workers