[000:00:00;00] farmers and sellers, they have different professions , but they are all confident, it is children who strengthen the family and fill it with real happiness, being a mother is not easy, but raising many children is difficult, firstly, i am very happy and grateful to the leader who appreciates this, so and such a reward is provided for mothers with many children, but i want to say that more children are more of a reward for me. what is this work about? this is not the first time, we are rewarding our wonderful mothers with such a high state award, it is always very it’s exciting, because each time these meetings have their own characteristics, today is a generally atmospheric meeting, on the one hand a holiday, on the other hand you understand what hard work it is to raise, raise children, raise them to be a real person, a real citizen of our country, a tribute of deep respect to

the mother of a woman in the history of our country: the country was born 27 years ago, according to tradition, on the eve of mother's day in different regions of the country , the heroine is honored by the happiness of many children. by the way, on one day there is no family holiday ends; according to tradition, the whole week from october 14 to 21 in belarus is dedicated to parents. i have everything by this time, meet me at 19:00. sometimes, in order to see the most interesting thing, you need to consider it in an array of other interesting things. i believe that the national anthem should be played in full at all ceremonial events. independence is a relative concept, but we, we have this independence, we have sovereignty. at the same time, we are sovereignly diversifying our dependence, which

is called multi-vector. but in fact it's just logic. the global goal of our sovereign right is to create combinations of interdependencies, to make sure that our interdependence with the world is as beneficial to us as possible. igor tur's author's view of the main events in the country on the international stage. propaganda project. watch on the tv channel belarus 24. on the initiative of our head. this institution was created and indeed, yes, we started in 2021, in the month of january, we literally started with three directions on the basis of higher educational institutions, yes, this allowed us somehow formulate and polish programs and regulatory documents; today we are working fully, let’s say, in 15 areas on the basis of our educational and laboratory building. there is quite a good interest among our younger generation, our youth, in

this institution. well, given that today there are certain, let’s say, additional benefits, so the guys already understand this educational trajectory of theirs. our educational process is, let’s say, monthly, 24 days, we have a shift, there are 10 such shifts in the academic year, september to june, and the program is designed for 72 hours, the guys are trained in their laboratories, in their own areas, such areas... today, as i said, we have 15, this is a block of natural sciences, a block of information technology, a block of engineering technical, and various, let’s say, there are competitions, the average competition we have is about a little more than three people per place, well , it goes up to eleven, this concerns information technology, information security, today the state is doing a lot for our youth, in particular even such a unique institution for

the gifted. therefore, today they have many opportunities, if they successfully entered the national children's technology park, completed the appropriate training, successfully defended their project, that is, we have project activities in the national children's technology park, that is, a certain benefit today in accordance with the rules for admission to higher educational institutions, that is, having received a recommendation from the supervisory board, and a student who has successfully completed the training, he... can be enrolled without exams in interviews at higher educational institutions in the fields of engineering, technology and natural science. the range of specialties, for example, has been developed and approved throughout the republic by the ministry of education. every shift there is a project defense, it can be group or individual. and today we are forming promising projects such as, let’s say, the best 100, because throughout the entire

existence of our institution, these are... various projects of the guys, well, of course the level is different, as i already said, the most promising ones, they are being formed today, they they are different, they are in the field of technology... agriculture, construction, industry, for example, there are robotics, but there are interesting projects that are applicable in production today, including drones, also various aerial photography, then appropriate processing of these materials is done and we can see how to cultivate this or that field in the future, relatively speaking, land reclamation may be necessary somewhere, we see today that the level of these guys is quite high, they are really already... in the future they will be professionals in their field affairs, that’s why i said an educational trajectory, but we are working to successfully implement a professional trajectory, to bring it not only to a higher educational institution to a higher educational institution, but in the future, i already said to

the first workplace, i believe that this is very it is important today for our state and for every organization to see this gifted child today, and tomorrow this... i am history, nature, culture, faith, people, generosity. once you get the feeling and you won’t forget it

again, it’s all right here, its taste is familiar to everyone today ; we use it every day. it is on the list of the main purchases of a modern person, and although you need only a little of it per day, the average person consumes about 2 kg of this substance during his life. i’m talking now about toothpaste, such a simple product, but this is only at first glance, because they have been working on its ideal formula for thousands of years. we will talk about the role of science in this issue in the next half hour. my name is ekaterina beretskaya, hello, look in the program. ashes, hooves, eggshells , pumice, from which the very first was made

tooth powder, natural ingredients are trending, let's take a look at the production of modern belarusian toothpaste, and when the toothbrush decides, together with the dentist we'll figure out... tools and methods of dental care. the world's first toothpaste was invented by the egyptians, around the fifth millennium bc. more precisely, it was a powder that ancient people mixed with water. its full composition, of course, is now impossible to find out, but in various sources archaeologists note that it was made from the ashes of hoof shafts and resin. eggshells and pumice. let's look into the history of the issue right now. the taste of the egyptian powder was very unpleasant, and a little later the romans began

to add various flavorings, charcoal and karoo to the mixture. but in china and india, around the same time , mint, cocoa beans, ginseng and lotus flowers began to be used as additives. which finally made the powder more palatable, but thousands of years ago only wealthy people could use such tooth powders, while the poor simply had their teeth pulled out with pliers. towards the creation of a remedy for cleaning teeth, which at least somewhat resembles in its effect, modern humanity was brought closer by the dutch scientist anthony van lievinghoek, who discovered the world of microbes in 1674. and under the lens of an invented microscope, he examined the washout from his teeth, which was simply overflowing with microorganisms. livingguk immediately wiped his teeth with a cloth and salt and found no germs on the new wash. after this, europe begins to monitor their oral cavity; before this

they did not have any dental care. but in russia, meanwhile, people always brushed their teeth, even in the most remote villages, usually using birch charcoal. tooth powder, reminiscent of modern ones, appears in england only at the end. century, but still contains, to put it mildly, substances unusual for us, brick dust, crushed porcelain and clay. this powder removed plaque, of course, but at the same time spoiled the tooth enamel itself. in 1824, also in england, tooth soap was invented, the main component of which was chalk, also, as you understand, a merciless story for enamel. and only 25 years later the world saw first toothpaste. an american company introduced the new product, and in 1873 it began mass production. a jar was used as a container, and only at the end of the 19th century, toothpaste was placed in a tube by dentist washington sheffield.

the world saw the first second-containing paste only in 1914 . now there are a huge number of different toothpastes, but the trend today is to use as much organic matter as possible in production. and in our country there is also such a production, just as they create belarusian... dental i suggest you find out the toothpaste right now, today, lined up, tubes with a new taste of toothpaste are entering the assembly line of the enterprise of the leaders in belarus in the production of oral hygiene products, although just a few months ago the manufacturer was completing the long journey that the product had gone through, from a marketing idea to approval of a recipe new toothpastes. we

probably made a dozen or two different taste samples, together with the marketers we chose what active ingredients we would put in there to care for the oral cavity, so that teeth were strong and healthy. and then, for two months of testing. one of the main criteria is taste. this is an integral part of our development, because toothpaste. this is one of the main criteria by which our customers choose it. naturally, we pay attention to the composition so that it is as modern as possible, as safe as possible, and of the highest quality, but taste and smell is what people perceive first. the composition of the new product fully corresponds to the product with the eco prefix, which is why it is called her pasta natural. this paste, the name speaks for itself with its natural ingredients , it is vegan, very beautiful, craft

packaging, it contains natural ingredients, the paste is really worthy, in addition, the manufacturers created the recipe based on the opinions of dentists. we work very closely with dentists, they participate in the development, help us look for some new ways, new solutions, we definitely spend a long time testing, selecting components so that you get it. the production cycle itself can be divided into several stages: the first is the mixing of ingredients in a separate workshop, the process is mechanized and is carried out by an operator under the supervision of a process engineer. the person works for about one shift, then the products are unloaded and intermediate control of the semi-finished product is carried out. in order for us to make sure that we got exactly what we wanted, that our paste meets our quality criteria, which is completely safe for our customers, when we

are convinced of this, then it goes to the packaging stage, this happens automatically from filling the tube and before placing it in the box, and the finished product , which is completely packaged, all the paste that we prepared earlier, goes to the control of our testing laboratory, and here specialists conduct tests to again make sure that at the packaging stage, the quality of the paste remains the same, only after this the batch arrives at the warehouse. care at all stages of production allowed the manufacturer to reach such a level that not only belarusians appreciated the quality of our toothpaste. we work on almost everything toothball, our products are available in hong kong, canada, europe, russia, and kazakhstan. of course, now more and more russians have paid attention to our products , for the russian consumer, a brand that came from... this already has a quality mark,

so we definitely keep this brand, we are always responsible for the quality of our products, and we try, so that the brand becomes interesting not only for the belarusian consumer, but abroad. in addition to new toothpaste, the domestic perfumery and cosmetics factory produces classic toothpastes, children's and professional. you are watching the science project nearby, today we are disassembling ordinary toothpaste into scientific parts, here is something else we will tell you about, there are different types of brushes, we will understand the types and advantages together with the guest of the program. let's find out why using toothpaste and brushing is only the second stage of dental hygiene? and can caries attack even those who follow all

the dentist’s recommendations? today we observe in civilized, truly cultural, truly enlightened europe, a slide into medieval hatred, which was caused by the desire to live sweeter, our friends in washington in london, they are great, they did a very high-quality job, without spending almost any of their resources for our own money, they pitted us against each other here, and belarusians and russians have nothing to be ashamed of at all. our historical past, as they say, is much better than that of many other nations, we not only have nothing to be ashamed of, we need to learn to invest patriotism, love for the country and knowledge of the history of our country in our children, we are actually working for peace in europe, europe should be grateful to us, because of us there is no war, external intervention

, external financing equals betrayal , don’t miss on the belarus 24 tv channel . adventure of foreigners in belarus, good afternoon, hello, my name is, and yours, my name is sergei, sergei , maria, maria, oh, very nice, and ekaterina, that he’s so heavy, yes, he’s heavy, he’s more than 5 kg, they look like a mushroom , like a mushroom, yes, that is, these mushrooms that grow, you see, they’re yellow here , even some white ones, it looks like cobweb, a guy from ecuador, has lived here for 8 years, travels through all our villages, an aspiring microbiologist came to minsk to master his profession, by the will of fate he extended his business trip, i didn’t expect it to be so cool, he talks with pleasure about the most colorful places in the country, where did the dereza goat run away, it’s very detailed, the process of getting milk itself, it removes

coals from each one so as not to contaminate the milk itself, touch it there, she was told that she was pleased, eat it? watch the travel project white dew on the belarus 24 tv channel. oral hygiene begins with toothpaste and, of course, with a brush, which one to choose and how to use it correctly, we will learn from our guest in the studio, dentist irina vladimirovna, hello, hello, irina vladimirovna, before us are a variety of toothbrushes, here is a hard one, medium hardness, and soft, even electric, tell us what types of brushes there are, and their pros and cons, which one to choose? well , first of all, we must know that a toothbrush is a mechanical hygiene product for

removing plaque from the surface of teeth and gums, so when we make a movement with a brush, we must grab. not only hard tissues, teeth, but also be sure to capture the surrounding gums. in order to know which brush to choose, you must know the situation in the oral cavity; for this, a dentist examination is carried out to see what the condition of the hard tissues of the teeth is, what the condition of the mucous membrane is, whether there are any injuries or erosions there, because this will already provide for a certain choice of toothbrush, that is, in terms of hardness, probably yes, there are five types of toothbrushes, this is a sensitive toothbrush for sensitive... teeth, then a soft one is a soft toothbrush , here we have it, if i’m not mistaken, black, that’s right, here we have it with soft bristles, then a medium hardness medium, this is most often

we recommend to our patients that in normal condition there is a semi-erased, there is a hard brush, a hard, a very hard brush, extra hard, so each of these types of brushes is used in different situations, for example, if we take a sensitive brush, then it is used... in those cases when the patient has high tooth sensitivity or some elements of damage to the mucous membrane, that is, wounds, injuries, then you also need to use a soft brush , also at the learning stage in small children, starting there even from the age of zero or one year, we can also use soft brushes in order to to remove plaque from their oral cavity, medium hardness is used when the patient has a relatively normal condition of teeth and gums, further hart hard brushes are used when the patient has increased formation of plaque, tartar, there is such a tendency, or a person who smokes, or who... brushes poorly or has not brushed their teeth for a long time, it is clear that an ordinary brush of medium hardness cannot always have a high effect, so they are used already

more rigid, well, extrahard - this is again for smokers, mainly, they have a smoker’s coating, it is very dense, because it contains the tars that come from the cigarette, and therefore in this case it is very difficult to remove such a coating, sometimes you have to completely use professional hygiene. in order to remove it. okay, but there is something fashionable lately, here is an electric one , for example, we have a brush, tell us the principle of operation. as for electric toothbrushes, what are their advantages? firstly, the fact that electrical vibrations occur evenly, everything is already programmed, this brush works, there is a timer that turns on for 2-3 minutes, the movement is high-frequency, the oscillatory movement is uniform, and the advantage is that this toothbrush works on each tooth separately because the working part of the brush is small; its diameter is designed for only one tooth. and

when we imagine it, we specifically brush each tooth. if we use a manual toothbrush, we are doing manual work. in this case, you see that the working part captures much more , usually 2.5-3 teeth. and since our dental arch is not straight, it is clear that bringing the working part of the brush closer to the teeth. somewhere in the bend of the dental arch, it turns out that one more tooth is loaded because it is in contact with the horizontal surface, while others may not get under the working part of the brush or may only be partially caught; cleaning will be worse, but here we are working specifically with a brush that cleans each tooth separately, it is clear that this is very effective, especially since it can perform a rotational movement, reciprocating -progressive, that is, quite varied movements, clean the tooth, hygiene will be more effective, but there are also contraindications, first, some kind of inflammation in the oral cavity, the gums there are restless,

swelling, hyperemia, redness, etc. soreness of the gums, microtraumas, erosions, ulcers, of course, in this case an electric brush is not used, it is used carefully if there are any prostheses in the oral cavity, that is, orthopedic structures, there are braces, fixed dentures, everything must be worked very carefully , in this case, because high-density ... alni , they can cause loosening of crowns, for example, also manufactured veneers, onlays on teeth, they can also get lost, implants are also very neat, but nevertheless the cleaning efficiency is very good and well, you can even say higher than a manual brush, in addition to an electric brush, there is also an ionic brush, this is also some kind of fashionable thing, and ionic brushes, when a negative charge is obtained on the surface of the working part of the brush, on the surface of the tooth, including... when we we bring such a brush to the surface of the tooth, then plus and minus, as they say, attract

each other and the surface of the tooth is better cleansed from plaque, electrophoresis also occurs due to this , fluoride ions, which are present in the toothpaste, they penetrate the surface of the tooth, and another one option, in this case, oxygen enrichment occurs directly on top of... the tooth due to the electrolysis of water, which is why a triple effect is obtained and of course this ionic brush also has a place, we have these brushes on the market and many people are already buying them, especially young people , in addition to toothbrushes, we also have floss, floss and dentists, yes, so you say that without it, it’s like nowhere when brushing our teeth, we start with subnaya nisi, why? because a large amount accumulates in the interdental spaces. raid, microbial flora, food debris, first we must remove this plaque from the interdental space to the outside, and then

, using paste and a toothbrush, remove this plaque from the oral cavity, so we start with this procedure for cleaning the interdental spaces, firstly, the length of the dental floss should be certain, well, he recommends shoulder-width apart, take such a long thread , we cut it off, wind it around the index fingers for... what, in order to fix it so that it does not slip in the hands, we wind it and then, depending on what kind of people will we be? to clean the gaps on the upper jaw or on the lower jaw, the movement of the fingers that attract the thread, push the interdental space will be different, for example, on the upper jaw we use our thumbs to push the thread into the interdental space and move along the wall of one of the teeth in order not to injure gingival papilla, which means we have advanced it all the way to the gum, we remove plaque along the wall of the same tooth, of course, if we see that there is plaque, then we rewind the thread one step, again we introduce

the interdental space along the wall of another tooth with which we are in contact and also bring it to the base of the tooth and carefully remove this plaque and we should see that the thread is clean, we rewind, rewind in the same way and continue to clean the other interdental spaces, good, but what is the mouthwash suitable for then, we have it also here today on the table, it’s still worth it, isn’t it worth it, or is it just a marketing ploy , it’s worth it, it’s a liquid hygiene product, rinsing... allows you to clean all surfaces that are inaccessible to a toothbrush, usually after brushing your teeth we do more rinsing, we wash away the remaining food, the remaining plaque, where something has not been cleaned, so this is very good, this is a good addition to the toothpaste, and it is desirable that it be from the same brand and toothpaste, tooth rinse, why? because they complement each other, that is, this is a phenomenon of synergy , that

is, we get an increase in some kind of preventive or therapeutic effect, therefore, too... okay , next, we can use rinses in between meals at work, remove food residues , partly for the flight and so on way and also deodorize the oral cavity, because there are various fragrances and flavoring additives that give freshness to the oral cavity, fresh breath throughout the working day. it’s clear with adults, uh, what can you say about children, as i understand it, we have this brush just for kids. children, of course, we have a special category that needs to be dealt with directly even when the mother is pregnant, to say the least, because at this time the rudiments of temporary teeth in the child are already forming, so her pregnancy is like her passes is very important, let's say when a child was born from zero to one year, even, let's say, yes, he doesn't have teeth yet, but he has gums, which also need to be cleaned,

washed, there are such silicone rubber brushes that... here we have an example, these are silicone bristles, they are not traumatic at all, they will massage the child’s gums well, and it is also very pleasant for the child when his teeth begin to erupt and he is restless, he is in pain, he cries, you use this brush again do a massage like this, in a circular motion gently, calmly move along the gum, so the child really likes it, and this is already the beginning of learning oral hygiene , in fact, from the age of one you can... use children's toothbrushes, you can first start even without - toothpaste, because children often use toothpaste they swallow, sometimes even up to 70% of the paste that is on the brush, children's toothpastes, they are harmless, uh, there are no additives that cause irritation, pain, inflammation of some kind of gums or teeth, and so on, so in principle, saturday is possible

toothpaste, and now many manufacturers produce toothpaste from zero to 3 years, from 3 to six, and... from six to twelve, that is, there is a choice and you can choose the right one, and there will be a different composition, well, in the future it will be there by the age of three, or in the case when the child learns to rinse his mouth himself and spit out what is in his mouth, then you can already use toothpastes with the author, then this concentration can be increased and use toothpastes that already have 100 ppm active second because not enough this amount is second, since in our region... even here , in particular in belarus, there is not enough fluoride mainly in water, in food, so we can transfer it with the help of toothpaste, mineral water, let’s say there, yes, so, that is, add some concentration of fluoride to strengthen the tooth, if we talk about toothpaste for adults, there should definitely be fluoride, yes there definitely should be, but there are also different opinions on this matter, the person is an adult, his teeth have finished mirialization, then fluorine is no longer needed, they use

various minerals, other components, there is phosphorus. calcium, magnesium and so on, that is, other components in order to strengthen teeth in this way, but basically, basically, the second, the international dentist association believes that the second is necessary, and it is necessary to increase the concentration of toothpastes specifically in children, that’s because they came to the conclusion that this second thing is missing, for example 500 ppm in order to stabilize and strengthen tooth enamel and have an anti-caries effect, because examinations, clinical studies of children, even of a very young age, starting from one year old, show that such small children already have scaries in their teeth, which is why we came to the conclusion that the fluoride concentration should be increased in toothpastes, but make sure that the child does not swallow i spat out all the contents from my mouth.

erina vladimirovna, thank you very much, i definitely don’t have any more questions for you, we figured out, most importantly, hygiene at home, what to choose, how to clean, it seems to me that this conversation was useful to many, well right now my colleagues will tell you more. details about professional cleaning. we are pleased to continue to talk about the cities of belarus. the starting point of our route, like most tourists, is the station square. author's routes. it’s hard to believe, but once upon a time there were ancient forests on this land, and the largest trade trade took place here. from the vorak in the greek , the most mysterious places, in the very heart of broadway there is a unique clock, initially there were no hands on it, later they appeared, but the clock never began to show the correct time. interesting

myths and legends say that here in the central square under the asphalt a unique paving stone has been preserved; it was brought here in soviet times from the krevsky castle, watch the program of the city of belarus on our tv channel. the history of your country is knowledge that answers three most important questions: where we come from, why we are who we are, and how we, based on our historical experience, build our strategy for the future. you need to be attentive to the news that you consume , try to avoid digital fast food, and if some news makes you overly emotional and wants to do something. but for the time being, we don’t want war, we always want to preserve peace, and

we will not allow anyone, using weapons, political technology or anything else, to tell us how to live, say the project, don’t be silent, don’t miss new episodes on the belarus 24 tv channel. in order to understand all the nuances of professional dental hygiene, we decided to visit the doctor’s office at the thirteenth dental clinic in minsk. professional oral hygiene, on today is a very important serious method of preventing dental caries and periodontal diseases. for the simple reason that no matter how much a person tries to clean all of his teeth, all the interdental spaces at home, for us it is simply very, very difficult, and at the current pace of life, we not only do not have

time to pay enough attention to our teeth and gum condition. by the way, this procedure is not the most popular among patients, because most often they go to the doctor when there is already a problem, for example, caries, but just the same, to avoid it, hygiene is needed. therefore, at least a minimum number of visits, once every six months, every person should come to the dentist in order to assess the state of hygiene, gums, hard tissues, teeth and some points, correct the nuances, clean out everything that has not been cleaned before, to understand, in what condition should the oral hyena be maintained ? it is almost impossible to carry out such cleaning at home, because it is quite difficult for a person to get to some areas on his own. still distant distal almost no one cleans the surfaces of the lower eighth teeth; it is rare that someone

reaches them. the same is with the upper teeth, the interdental spaces, many people have teeth that are very tightly packed. and such hard-to-reach places can only be properly cleaned by a dentist. and the dentist also has a whole range of professional tools in his arsenal. if we are talking about just soft plaque, or a slightly denser version of it, these are small brushes and pastes for polishing teeth, possibly for polishing the removal of small conglomerates of hard dental deposits, cups and rubber bands can be used, this depends on the specific situation; to remove hard dental deposits, hereinafter referred to as tartar, the most common option is an ultrasonic skeller. in addition to ultrasonic , a device such as airflow is often used, a sandblasting machine is also quite effective, today a laser unit can even be used, special for removing hard dental

plaque. another important point the dentist has professional pastes that cannot be used every day. professional pastes, as a rule, contain more abrasive, or it is a little larger than that of ordinary homemade ones... which are sold in any store, in any pharmacy, why? because it is important for us not just to remove plaque, which