[000:00:00;00] comfort, yes, luxury cars, according to the list that will be determined, this is a small number of brands, so to speak, of cars, and accordingly, one more condition, these cars must be no older than 3 years, according to our calculations, again but, if you give the numbers, today we have 2 million individuals who pay transport tax, this is an innovation with an increase. taxation will affect a little more than a thousand, that is, out of 2 million, a little more than a thousand, again, this is not a significant amount, but again these are issues of social justice, because , that is, do i understand correctly, a certain list of brands of vehicles will be determined, yes, the owners of which will have to pay transport tax at a higher rate, that is, relatively speaking, people

drive a ten-year-old car there. and their neighbor drives a new mercedes, so a person in a new mercedes, well, relatively speaking, yes, in a new foreign car, let's call it, on a new foreign car will have to pay transport tax at a higher rate than simple ones belarusians, absolutely right, this is also an element of social justice, an element of this progressive tax system, it fits into the logic that we discussed, the list is still... being formed, well, naturally, these are the authorities, in accordance with the law, should will approve this list, but during the discussion we started from the fact that these are cars with a cost of more than 300,000 rubles, and accordingly, well, you understand what this is, that this will not affect any domestic cars, yes, and we are talking about really

expensive vehicles. if a person has the opportunity to buy himself a car for 3000, then how fair is it to charge him a transport tax of 160 rubles? that is, today rates depend on weight, but weight does not always mean, and often it does not always correlate with the cost of this car, there are cars that weigh a little, the price of which reaches up to a million rubles, so here. and deputies, and therefore citizens, constantly asked this question, in principle, this definite answer. a progressive approach to taxation is not belarusian know-how. many countries levy higher taxes on wealthy citizens. which states have a tax on the rich? we'll find out in our next story, please. pay your taxes and live in peace. this is exactly what

people in western countries do. in sweden , the minimum tax is 20% of earnings, and this is not the limit; the rate increases depending on the amount and can reach 52%. in neighboring finland the numbers are even higher, almost 57%. the british have minimal tax rates are 20% on income up to £35,000. 40 for income up to 150,000 and 45% for income even higher. at the same time, the country has a unique form of duty on wealth, the so-called stamp duty, for buyers of real estate over 125,000 pounds, it will result in an amount of from one to 4% of the cost of housing, but one of the most stringent tax systems operates in france, to calculate the final the amounts there are taken not by a specific individual, but by a household, it is very unprofitable for the country to be

single and childless, taxes will be on... the highest possible, with earnings up to 26,000 euros per year, the tax rate will be 14%. up to 72.30, everything above 153,000 euros, 41%. but if a frenchman is suddenly rich, he will have to pay on top, from 250 to 500,000 euros , 3% additionally, from 500,000-4, here is the famous tax on millionaires, according to which the state took 75% from owners of income over 1 million euros. it was suddenly abolished, it was replaced property tax, now those residents of france whose real estate assets are valued at 1.3 million euros or more are subject to a rent tax of up to one and a half percent. american taxes also depend on the size of the family, although the rates reach almost 40%, but for inheritances you will have to fork out, the property inherited

from will cost an amount equal to 18, or even 55% of the assessed value, if it exceeds 3 million dollars, here’s the top the 5 countries with the highest income taxes include not the most obvious countries, in the devoar code residents give 60% of their income, in second place is finland, almost 57%, then japan and denmark, where the state owes almost 56%, brings up the rear ranking austria with 55%. but we see, you know, when to consider the belarusian rates, right? design projects in isolation from the global context, it sounds scary if you compare it with the world, it turns out that our level is extremely low, dear experts, please tell me, if we carry out this comparative analysis, what conclusions

arise, there is a fairly rigid system there, but in ours it is quite loyal, what conclusions can be drawn, maxim leonidovich, well , it’s not surprising that from high incomes, our... so let’s say partners take tax at a rate of 50%, or for example, the inheritance tax in the united states is also 50%, a person does not receive an inheritance for free, of course not, in most countries, so we made a selection, many countries, even those that we did not mention in the story, there is a progressive system of taxation of personal income, and in some places there is a seven -step system, in others... china has a seven-step income tax rate and an upper limit, and 50 and 49 52 in spain, 45 in great britain, 50 in austria,

belgium - this is the upper limit. overwhelming most countries implement rather draconian measures to tax their wealthy fellow citizens. yes, that's why the official doctrine of these tax models. is that if a person earns a lot, he must pay more, he must pay more, because he needs more to protect his property, to protect his interests, he consumes more government services, and accordingly he must pay more taxes. therefore, the critics who accuse us of raising the stakes here, we again, we encourage you to read more, study foreign experience, including those of the countries in which they are now located, according to what system, at what rate taxes are collected there from individuals, from legal entities, dmitry vitoldovich, despite such quite strong progressiveness of their

tax systems, the level of social stratification in these countries is much higher than in ours. dear experts, to summarize our conversation, how do you see our country’s taxation system in the future? and what do we all need for this? do? valery ivanovich. we said today that it is transparent, sustainable , relatively stable, creating gateways for development in innovative industries and barriers to business or activities that, well, do not bring much benefit to the state. i would like to add that i see this system as more technologically advanced, that is... the introduction of new approaches related to remote servicing of taxpayers, with the ability of tax authorities to determine their obligations when

a person through non-cash systems can fulfill his tax obligations without calculating tax, without resorting to the services of tax consultants, without maintaining a large staff of accounting workers, that is, this is a system that is the simplest, most understandable and transparent for the taxpayer and performs its function, it is necessary to improve the digital shell of this tax system, this is what we must pay close attention to, including improving the work of the tax authorities. yuri mikhailovich, dmitry antorevich, fair, i’m investing this concept includes an opportunity to earn money for businesses, for citizens, and the level of income that the country needs for all those social obligations, services - this is a simple, convenient tax administration system based on trust,

when we trust the payer, the payer trusts the state. dear experts, thank you for your opinion, thank you for coming to our studio on makaenko 9, on wednesday evening, we thank our guests and say goodbye to you, pay taxes on time, in full, because this is our health, education, safety, science, art, and such familiar social guarantees, and then the economic environment will be favorable for all of us,

goodbye. watch everything that modern belarus lives today on the belarus 24 tv channel. this is news from the country and abroad, broadcasts of particularly important events, live broadcasts from the scene, current interviews with famous belarusians, exciting travels around the country. feature films for all

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our western borders. the 21st century has brought new technologies, miniature stealth drones capable of reconnaissance of areas in the rear enemy, or kamikaze drones are ready to attack from the air, unnoticed by air defense systems, even the most guarded objects. the number of air attack weapons was constantly increasing, and the use of high-precision weapons... by several times. belarus has never had the industry to create radar systems , but time has forced the country to create its own radar systems. therefore, then a tactical and technical specification was born for the production of precisely the rb dew with the requirements ensuring the detection of these

small-sized targets. how it was created from scratch the most modern radar complex "of the radar design bureau in the new series of the project is the work of life, watch right now. at the turn of the new millennium , reconnaissance aircraft began to appear regularly at the western borders of belarus. illegal crossing of the airspace border was also recorded by the military. experts understood that the young state was beginning to be checked strength. in the future, such provocations could lead to serious problems. we were very concerned

about the events taking place in our western boundaries. well, there were up to 18-2 violations of the state border per year. they may not be very good. were clearly visible in the information field, but the people who were involved in protecting the state border knew this very well, we did not have the means to combat such violations at that time, the events that happened in 2006 formed the basis for the creation of a new industry in belarus, radar systems. at that time, igor nasibyans, together with the development team , took an active part in the creation of the first belarusian radar station. he was one of those those who were fully aware of the problem understood that the time had come for change and revolutionary solutions. having served in the armed forces for 36 years, colonel nasebyans moved from the customer, as a military man who was involved in the operation

of various types of radars, the development of tactical and technical tasks and testing, to the practice of creating the complex. as an executive at the radar design bureau, he finished his service as head of the technical troops, that is, from the first day he was involved, if not in development, then in any case, military-technical support for this development from the armed forces, that is , the tactical and technical specifications of everything that was decided in this station were developed by us together with the designers and developers of kbb radar. belarus has never had an industry that was engaged in the creation of radar equipment, although anti-space and anti-missile defense facilities were created. but for air defense issues, and even more so the detection of low-altitude targets, this area was new to our country. in the soviet union, the search for new methods of detection

aircraft were deployed in the early 1930s, when it became clear that with the further increase in aviation speeds, anti-aircraft searchlights and sound detectors, due to their short range, could not provide advance warning of raids. aerial reconnaissance became the bottleneck in the air defense system, and this was the impetus for the development of a new industry, the creation of radar equipment. the word radar itself was introduced into use by the british; it is an acronym for the english words “radio” , written by american specialists raymond and hagertonton in 1946. soviet scientists successfully developed the theory of radar several years before radar

was invented in england. however, the 20th century brought new technologies, miniature, unobtrusive drones. from the air, even the most protected objects, and such weapons worried many countries, advanced states, along with the development of drones, immediately began creating technologies for their detection and destruction. it was constantly characterized by the fact that the number of air attack weapons was constantly increasing, and the use of precision weapons was increasing factor of. based on this, in 2006 we once again came up with this issue and developed a technical specification for the development of a low-altitude multi-station complex. with the development

of unmanned aerial vehicles, experts realized that in the future the skies could become a serious vulnerability, a violation of the air. would seem like a harmless prank, which means new detection and tracking systems were needed. analysis of wars and armed conflicts of that period allowed us to conclude that the use of manned, especially unmanned, aircraft, including high-precision weapons, cruise missiles - this is a current topic that is constantly being improved and developed, without focusing attention in the press, in the desert of the ashuluk training ground, astrakhan region of russia, tests were carried out on various prototypes of radar stations in order to understand which of the existing complexes meets modern requirements defense it turned out that there were no worthy competitors in this matter, at that time the management of kbb radar said

that as a result of the development work a radar could be created a complex that will meet the requirements that the air force and air defense forces place on its creation. during that period , the first state armament program was developed and put into effect; i generally consider this a milestone, this... the cornerstone in the creation of new types of weapons produced in the republic of belarus. radar dew became one of these images. dew, that is, creeping along the ground. this is precisely the operating principle underlying the new radar station. catch even the most low flying target. the main task that faced the design bureau team. at that time such. there were no means that would allow us to complete the task as we formulated it, an agreement was concluded

for the production of experimental design work, the code of which was precisely called dew, this is the development of a low-altitude reduction complex for detecting low-altitude targets. radar stations are the eyes of air defense, airspace reconnaissance is a continuous process provided by constant combat small units solve complex problems, information from the radar operator, information about the air situation is the basis for the command’s decision to destroy the air enemy, which places serious responsibility on the operator of the complex, secretly the ussr air defense system was regularly tested for strength, the loudest scandal occurred on may 1, 1960 , when an american

reconnaissance aircraft lockhit u2, commonly known as u2, was shot down in the sky over sverdlovsk. the air spy photographed air defense positions, training grounds, closed cities and their enterprises, beikonur cosmodrome and other secret facilities. this is considered the first combat launch in the history of soviet anti-aircraft missile forces. flight. powers caused a lot of noise and significantly complicated the already tense relations between the ussr and the usa. air defense systems were regularly modernized, their range was improved, and the accuracy of airspace monitoring increased. and if at the beginning of the 2000s the military’s concerns seemed beyond the bounds of fantasy to the common man, today hardly anyone is able to challenge these actions, locators like ours it is customary to say that the old park, that is, the production

from the times of the soviet union until the nineties, simply did not provide such capabilities, they were capable of detecting air targets, but, but solve the full-fledged problem of detecting low-altitude targets operating at extremely low altitudes, and this is from 25 m, they of course, they couldn’t when we created the requirements for this sample. naturally, we knew all the tactical and technical characteristics of the models in service at that time, and it was very difficult to detect low-altitude, small-sized, low-speed air targets. sergei boloshenko was among those who witnessed the revolutionary stage, the creation of the first domestic radar station. the birth of the belarusian went in close contact with the military, part

of the development was shrouded in secrecy. my father, an officer served in the anti-aircraft unit in the radio engineering troops, i was still a kid running along the hills on which locators stood , already in childhood i distinguished a rangefinder from an altimeter, i understood what a command post was, and when the question of choosing a profession came up, i didn’t think twice about it. naturally followed in his... footsteps, my father and i served on the same type of radar equipment, i always had a dream to participate in the development and creation of new modern products, and this work began during my service in the army, when i participated in the creation of tactical -technical assignments, various tests, and then moved to oaok radar. there were all kinds of radar systems in the world, that is , it was unnecessary to reinvent the wheel, but engineers

and designers had to avoid repeating it. years, and improve technical characteristics. however, it cannot be said that the creation of the first domestic radar station was easy. having developed the first prototype, the designers understand that the car is crude and requires serious modifications, this was confirmed by the military. this work was accompanied by a number of certain difficulties, because no one was working on these issues in the republic of belarus; in 2001, we began state tests. as part of state tests, it was developed and recommended to the design radar bureau implemented 42 recommendations, which made it possible to further improve this model. the main problem faced by the designers is the low reliability of the cooling system. when the air conditioner broke down, the car simply overheated and

turned off. in developer language, this is called. to defend itself, the antenna system was manufactured in the form of a closed space with a radio-transparent dome, which was cooled by a high-performance, powerful air conditioner and, according to test results, it was found that this is the most the system in this product is unreliable, so the designers spent a long time thinking about how to change the design so that the transmitting and receiving modules do not overheat and do not go into protection. but in addition to overheating, the military had four dozen more requirements that needed changes and improvements. radar stations responsible for the safety of the country's airspace must be advanced, which means they must operate smoothly,

like clockwork. the military themselves spoke colorfully about the diseases of past radar stations, and the new technology was supposed to eliminate these flaws. having tried various analogues and samples of the cooling system, the dew developers found themselves at a dead end, and then the designers and engineers had to abandon the most unreliable element. at that time, no radar in the world used such technology. all modifications were based on practical operation of this first prototype. as part of the operation , we realized that in order to ensure round-the-clock operation, it was necessary to eliminate a number of elements, and the elimination of a number of elements led to the fact that we ultimately adopted decision and abandoned the rotation system, on this sample it was decided to use electronic beam scanning, which is an innovative development

and a definite step forward, work was carried out for more than two years, as a result , this air conditioner was eliminated, the entire antenna frame was redesigned, and the blocks transceivers that are already cooled by atmospheric air. at first , it was unthinkable to abandon one of the main elements of radar, but it soon became clear that this technology was a revolutionary step on the way to creating a station. the output stages are built on powerful output transistors, which, in addition to generating energy, naturally generate a large amount of heat, and it had to be removed somewhere, in the first sample this was implemented using an air conditioner, right here at the station, you see , there is not a single rotating essay,

the groove is electronically scanned, that is , with the help of... applied algorithms, the locator surveys the airspace without rotating the antenna array around its axis, this is the second achievement, which, in principle, is used, well, in units of rls types all over the world. having developed a new , lightweight and collapsible antenna system, the developers understand that now such a payload can be carried by a powerful truck, which means rasam... can become mobile in a matter of hours and be anywhere in belarus by deploying his scanning dome. during the creation of the prototype, we used the technologies that existed then in 2006, but over time and the improvement of the antenna

system prompted us to use a new one element base, which is used in today's samples, you need to understand that previously products were produced on one element base, as a rule, on a lamp base, and then... well, i must say, these are generator devices of various sizes, different powers, a lot of things , by the way, there was no production of these devices in the republic of belarus either, and the dew seemed to have stepped a few steps forward, this is a locator that uses, so to speak, solid-state technologies, that is, not a single electron-vacuum device included plsc no, the developers are starting to create a mobile ... version of the radar station , for this it was necessary to build a mechanism that would quickly deploy the complex and fold it up even faster for moving, then calculate the weight,

dimensions and, based on these data, select a chassis, in other words, select a machine for such a load, i can name three modernizations that have gone through, which means in the radar station, and this is the last one... the strong rosa rbm radar station makes a difference even in tactical and the technical characteristics between the first sample and this one are impressive, we increased the power of the output stages by about 4 and a half times, we increased the radar range almost twice, well , we mainly increased the tactical and technical characteristics for detecting low-altitude targets at extremely low altitudes. this is what both the developer and the customer are constantly fighting for, the competent design of the antenna post, installed on a vehicle chassis

, the successful layout of the antenna system has reduced the deployment time of the radar by almost 50 times, from 24 hours to 30 minutes, the crew that served the new station decreased, advanced technologies opened up for the military and... new horizons. only one crew is assigned to one complex of up to five locators. i would like to note that the stations operate 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year. they don't turn off, they don't turn off. and this is also a feature compared to those locators that were before. so , the personnel in the troops did not increase in number, that is, we were able to increase the combat capabilities of the troops, but... the personnel, once again i repeat, it remained the same, according to the plan of the developers of the first, which means the dew model, the output stage was, therefore, only 2

watts, now we can say that this is already tens of watts, if you compare the appearance of the prototype and now, which is being manufactured, they are completely different, but the principles remain the same, the design is completely different, it has changed - namely the design of the digital receiver-transmitter units and their architecture itself, the signal processing system has changed , the secondary power supplies have changed, all this used to be cumbersome due to the fact that the units the power supplies were also used on the old element base, they took up a lot of space, these were hanging cabinets under the antenna system, now all this is gone, it is all in small blocks, so everything was aimed at minimizing and reducing the weight loads on the structure.

having paid attention to all the recommendations and corrected the shortcomings, 5 years after the launch of the rasa project, the complex appears in finished form, and another year after a series of serious tests, plc rosa was adopted for service in our country. the military accepted both options: stationary and mobile versions. the radar formula is the same for everyone. therefore, there are two problems: competence and access to technology. we have specialists in the republic of belarus who are related to radar and have the broadest competencies, and this goes back to the schools of the soviet union, so we also have the competence and access to technologies that allow us to make a high-quality sample capable of performing the assigned tasks. we stand alongside modern, serious states capable of carrying out such tasks as france, the russian federation, including the united states of america. today stationary