[000:00:00;00] are not used, say, to create fiberglass, fiberglass is now widespread both in the aviation country and not in the same aircraft country, there are drones or drones, but during the years of the fifth and sixth five-year plans, more than 50 large chemical industry enterprises were built in the bssr. mogelev chemical fiber plant, where lavsan was first obtained, the production of plastics and polymers was established, gomel chemical plant, which produces mineral fertilizers, boranovich, vitebsk. the role of these tomsk factories is very difficult to overestimate; it was such an important step that we provided for ourselves at that time, we were so provided for the prospect of development of the chemical industry that we are still enjoying

its fruits, and today it operates steadily. sector, and we ensure food security and food independence, we probably owe it to those who laid in 1965-7, for the first time, for the first time, these words apply to every chemical industry enterprise that began its history in the distant sixties. they still make up today a significant part of the belarusian economy and

are its pride. it is to this process that the peacock owes the beauty of the color of its tail. the depth of eye color in humans and any animal is also his merit. and to be more precise, the special cells that ensure this process, everything would be fine, if not for one thing, for the beauty of the color of our hair, the aristocratic pallor of the skin, or, on the contrary, a golden tan, we say thank you, these are the spots that appear on us after sunbathing, especially on the face, we try with everyone possible ways to remove, i’m talking, of course, about pigment spots,

we’ll look at this problem in the coming weeks. half an hour and once again we will be convinced that even when it comes to the natural processes of the body, science is also nearby. hello to the studio ekaterina beretskaya and we are starting. when and why did a person begin to produce pigment, which is responsible for a uniform complexion, and what happens if this system fails? risk groups who should definitely increase sun protection, failure to properly use the ultraviolet spectrum of protection volume injure the skin and stimulate melanocytes. and a new look at the problem from belarusian geneticists. we offer an assessment of people's genetic predisposition to

hyperpigmentation and photoaging. pigmentation, in scientific terms, is the coloring of tissue and organs of a living organism in a certain color, a consequence of the deposition of one or another dye in them. it is this process that determines the color of human skin and, as a consequence, its tendency to form dark or light spots of the epidermis. let's figure it out right now. it is almost impossible to find out what the skin color of the most ancient man was. anthropologists suggest that millions of years ago the light skin on the human body was protected by the so-called coat. evolving, populating different parts of the earth, people lost this very coat and the body began to produce melamine, a dark brown pigment that protects us from ultraviolet radiation. genetics have come to the conclusion that

quite quickly the people who settled africa... approximately 40,000 years ago acquired a dark skin tone. this indicates the production of melanin in sufficient quantities for those climatic conditions. but people came to the north of europe, where it is sunny. there is very little light, almost 8,000 years ago they had the gene for blue eyes and light skin. today, the amount of melanin in the human body is no longer of interest to anthropologists, but to dermatologists, since the appearance of age spots depends on it. for example, excess melanin provokes hyperpigmentation and, moreover, contributes to the development of dermatological problems such as sunburn and melasma - these are dark spots on the skin. efili. yes, those freckles. if melanin is not produced in sufficient quantities, then white spots appear on the skin. doctors call this process

depigmentation. most often, age spots do not cause any discomfort to a person; it is only an aesthetic issue . that is why today our guest is a dermatovenist, a specialist who is everyone. makes patients' faces more beautiful. natalya, hello. good morning, ekaterina. natalya, let ’s start with this, with the types of pigment spots, because, as it turned out, they are different and even called differently. of course, the variety of pigment spots is very large, and we must understand that we acquire some of them at birth, which is why they are called congenital, and some of them are our inheritance during life, pigment spots are the general concept of dyschromia, unite between. between them there is such a concept as hypomelanosis, that is, complete or partial loss of pigment, and hypermelanosis is an excessive accumulation of melanin in certain layers of the skin. age spots will vary to size. the smallest of them, ephelides or

freckles, are probably present in almost every one of us, and the lighter the skin, the more of them there will be. next, solar linting is the process of producing melanin in response to ultraviolet light. radiation, melasma, as a result of hormonal, stress or some other pathological changes , there may be toxic pigment spots, and of course we must remember that pigment spots can be of a traumatic nature, due to some kind of aggressive mechanical, physical or chemical impact, that is, even so, even so, our skin can react with a pigment spot , of course, but the main character of the whole story is melanin, i understand correctly, yes, let’s figure out why they appear in principle, yes, here we are about the types they said, yes, but not everyone, some have freckles, a standard person is already used to it, yes, but some didn’t, didn’t have

pigment spots until a certain age, here on you, when you come back from vacation, you understand that what you see on your face is not at all what you wanted, then yes, as i understand it, there are many, many factors, a trigger, and in this situation, anything can serve, of course , excessive insolation, excessive exposure of the skin to sunlight, especially at aggressive times of day, we say that the safe time for tanning is before 10:30 and after 16 hours, but our beaches demonstrate a different situation, and also not using the ultraviolet spectrum of protection in the proper amount, injures the skin and stimulates melanocytes, because tanning is a protective reaction of the skin in response to ultraviolet irradiation, but there are a great many other processes that contribute to the appearance of hyperpigmentation, these are endocrine pathologies, and this is a decrease or vice versa

, excessive function of kidney hormones, this is odison's disease or hyperkarticism that accompanies cushengoid, this is hyperteriosis, this is again a violation of glucose tolerance or a violation metabolism about carbohydrates, diabetes mellitus or prediabetes, but these are already more complex endocrinological pathologies, as for our dermatological hyperpigmentation, they can be post-traumatic as a result of incorrectly performed or improperly observed post-procedural period in cosmetic or dermatological manipulations , aggressive damage to the skin, reduces its barrier functions and stimulates melanocytes , so if patients... undergo chemical peels or laser resurfacing, they must definitely endure this period of skin restoration protect her during this period as much as possible. if we talk about hormonal hyperpigmentation,

women are more often susceptible to it. melasma is often accompanies pregnant girls, yes, this is all connected with changes in estrogen synthesis. in addition, uh, liver function and bile flow are important here, well and without... of course, as a flagship - this is stress, and those same adrenal glands, which are again involved and thus stimulate the production of melanin, that is, stress again, and here too... stress may also be to blame, all illnesses are from nerves, but good, but still, there are people who, in principle , never have this happen, and there are people who have this story regularly, they already with we have gotten used to this, let’s say, predisposition, that is, there is, of course, some kind of genetic predisposition that determines the process of melanin synthesis, we can intervene by accelerating the reaction of melanocytes, but intervening... in order to reduce

sensitivity is much more difficult, just like that we are already talking about geneticists, just the latest research by our scientists, our academy of sciences, is devoted to the problem of skin pigmentation and ways to combat it, all the details are in the material of my colleagues. a show where they fight not with the help of physical force, as you know. before competitions, you need to warm up thoroughly and warm up all your muscles, by the way, the same applies to your head. how exactly, one french figure noted, one can yield to force, but one resignedly submits only to reason. a show where the main weapon is intelligence. the main thing now is to concentrate, gather all your thoughts together and be attentive. all of these medals were awarded for victory at the summer olympics, except one. what medal are we talking about? in sochi, sochi, ah... absolutely true, this is

the correct answer, but activity will also play a role in who will score more by the end of the game total points, he will be the winner. how many belarusian clubs traditionally play in the champions league qualifications? alexey, one, one club, absolutely right, watch the intellectual and assortative show head game on our tv channel. in the new project, cultural exploration, we remember folk traditions. in the traditions of belarus, the bread is never pressed differently, the geta is barred, the bread is lamali, the dyvans are the vogule soul of the belarusian people, the forests of rubyazhevich on the sunny day take over the traditional production of grains. we also contact historical past. eight geta pabudova, yana presvechanaya karal mindaug, first karanavanam karal, zyakuyuchy to whom our present land belarus appeared. after all , the nation is more self-aware. we are starting to recognize our carnies. the geta is so outstanding

that on the next month you can swim for an hour. there was spachatku garadzishcha, then zamak, and then zeinichaya tsarkva. our country, belarus, has always been famous for such noble people, where we have historically developed a great standard of culture. watch on the tv channel belarus 24. one of the most noticeable signs of photoaging is hyperpigmentation, and in order not to lead to a visible problem, our geneticists have developed a special screening. we offer an assessment of people's genetic predisposition to hyperpigmentation and photostoria. hyperpigmentation is one of the most important manifestations of photography. and we

are studying a gene complex of five genes, which are mainly responsible for the synthesis of melanin in the skin, and also for skin regeneration and, well, a violation of its elasticity. basically, that is, photoaging includes the main signs themselves are hyperpigmentation, this is a violation of the transparency of the skin, the formation of rather deep wrinkles, they are slightly different than those wrinkles that form during normal. aging, well , the natural thing that happens with age. all these signs, as a rule, begin to appear after 30 years, and if there is a genetic predisposition to pigmentation, then they can occur earlier. based on the results of the analysis, we can find out whether a person has an increased risk of developing hyperpigmentation and, accordingly, signs photoaging. this information will help doctors, cosmetologists and dermatologists optimize patient management tactics and select... suitable therapeutic techniques and

approaches. this genetic information is also needed to organize timely preventive measures. for example, if a person finds himself in a risk zone, then he will need to control the time he spends under the sun, and sometimes not be exposed to direct rays at all, and of course, avoid visiting the solarium. it is also recommended to use sunscreen and not only in summer, year-round, in accordance with your skin type, and do not forget to renew them... it is also recommended to quit smoking and change your diet in the direction of adding more substances containing antioxidants and carrying out therapy if this is relevant? of course, first of all, people who already have visible problems will be interested in these genetic studies, however, as geneticists say, even if they are not there, this does not mean that after thirty or after 40 years, they will not appear, so everyone people who

look after their skin, it is better to do this analysis, especially since its result will never change, you only need to carry out the analysis once, as a rule, at least one... the risk factor is in the person, but here it turns out that in principle, the more of these risky genotypes, the risk of adverse effects of ultraviolet light and the risk of burns , as for how we have been doing this for a long time, we started this service about a year ago, that is, we launched in september 2000 twenty-two, it turns out that this is there was a set of analyzes aimed at... studying the genetic characteristics that are responsible for the beauty of skin and hair , but this is one of the directions, since we are studying five genes, the duration of the analysis is a maximum of 20 days, this genetic testing costs a little less than 200 rubles , but if you do several tests at once , discounts are provided, we also have for

inflammatory diseases and androgenetic alopecia, that is, in the direction regarding beauty, regarding application... these are the results, i would really like to tell you what, if this is relevant, it is recommended to carry out anti-inflammatory treatment, uh, in people who have problems with inflammatory skin diseases, such as window diseases - for example, and if unfavorable genotypes are discovered in them, for example , it is not recommended to use ultraviolet radiation for the treatment of these inflammations, that is , this is important in order to somehow select the correct treatment, or for example, there is such a phenomenon as hyperpigmentation, which caused by the action of physical or chemical factors, that is, for example, with hyperpigmentation - this is one of the unfavorable side effects,

after procedures such as chemical peels, or laser hair removal, that is, or some kind of application... for removing moles there with blood vessels, when solving problems, therefore, it is worth, for example , undergoing genetic testing to know whether there are risk genotypes for these genes, and if there are, then these procedures should be carried out with great caution, well or it is possible to refuse to carry them out altogether; in any case, such genetic testing is an excellent investment in the health of your skin. you are watching the science project nearby and here’s something else we’ll talk about today. when the manifestation of melasma is only a consequence of what diseases can facial skin signal? if they begin to itch, i’m now talking about nevi, and changing their color, changing their

shape, of course, this is a signal - an alarm button in order to see a dermatologist or even a dermato-oncologist. the best remedy - a hat, a roof over your head at noon, the most effective methods for preventing the appearance of age spots, and what to do if they do appear, and even on the face? we tell you how to choose quality products for healthy dishes. there should be no foreign impurities, the color of the couscous is cream with a yellowish tint. take the nuts in your hands and evaluate their weight, do not take ones that are too light, such fruits either have no kernels at all, or they are dried out. a proper breakfast is the key to health and good mood. we will

cook chicken fillet steaks with a very unusual sauce and a very tasty salad. if you have a difficult day ahead, and you know that you need a huge amount of energy, this is the breakfast that will help you, don’t forget about invigorating exercises, we lie down, raise our arms up, raise our legs and do such a cool exercise, cockroach, we start shaking our arms and legs, our lymph flow starts, watch the breakfast of the champion project on the belarus 24 tv channel, we will introduce you to belarusians who consciously exchanged the city for the village. at that time, we already had two horses of our own, they were standing near minsk in a stable, and we came up with an idea, that is, first of all, moving from the city to the village and trying to do something of our own. they believed in themselves, their strength, and

achieved results in their favorite business. we have a plot of land of 100, renting 53-55 fruit-bearing gardens, and 45 currants. the presenter from the capital will have to experience all the delights of rural life. she eats canadian, is this normal? this happens. grisha, be a man, come on, let's go to the apple farm, they said , everything is modern there, almost nothing needs to be done, it will be, they said, you know, i was joking, but he took everything seriously, the project, i'm from the village, watch it on the tv channel belarus 244. well, we in the studio with a specialist,

a dermatovenerologist, we continue to understand the problem of pigmentation. natalya, we talked in the first part that the cause of the appearance of age spots can be diseases, that is, let’s say this is a signal from our skin, go to the doctor and get checked before just start deleting. this whole story, everything is much more complicated if we clearly cannot find a trigger, a provoking factor, that is, we did not damage our skin, we did not burn in the sun, and we did not apply any external chemical irritants and suddenly we developed age spots, or even after the damage, the appearance of your age spots changed greatly, they began to increase, and worse, even if they began to... itch, i'm talking about nevi, and change their color, change their

shape, of course, this is an alarming signal button in order to make an appointment with a dermatologist or even a dermato-oncologist, because we are talking to you now, let’s say, about such favorable hyperpigmentation, which in principle does not carry any burden, apart from aesthetic discomfort, but we are not today we are taking up the topic of nevi, and pigmented neoplasms , which can very well be insidious and can be, let’s say, the cause of completely undesirable conditions for our patients, so any sudden appearance, change, some other changing characteristics of any pigmented formation, this is the reason for us to turn to a dermatologist and conduct a dermatoscopy, this is a microscopic examination of the skin, which allows us to assess the nature of the pigment spot and evaluate its positivity.

oh, that’s just about depth, let’s go into more detail, we won’t, let’s say, touch on the topic of bad pigment spots, yes , but good ones, if you can call them pigment spots, they too, as far as i understand, come in different depths, that’s from depends on what, that is, one thing can be erased there, i don’t know, a photo, a laser, but something , it sits right there and not... how, but, of course , both a photo and a laser can probably erase almost any pigmented spot, it all depends on the parameters and equipment, if we are talking about superficial pigment spots , of course, they are located in the upper layers of the epidermis, so with such light exfoliation, let’s say our freckles lighten, but if we are talking about hormonal pigment spots or more severe trauma. origin, they can lie in

the lower layers of the epidermis or in the upper layers dermis, because melanocytes lie in the two lower layers of the epidermis, so it’s virtually impossible to get them out of there just like that, to exfoliate them, that is, these should be the most aggressive methods, but we try not to work aggressively when dealing with hyperpigmentation, that is, still work softly, more is better number of procedures with a less pronounced... first effect, because hyperstimulation can allow us to strengthen the existing hyperpigmentation, which is in your arsenal today, but we already said, phototherapy, laser resurfacing, perhaps the same peelings help? yes, of course, for each patient, for each type of hyperpigmentation, there is a large arsenal of external therapy, but everything must start from the inside. that is, we talked about the fact that if this is hyperpigmentation caused by a violation of internal processes or

taking any drugs or toxic from the inside or a change in hormonal levels, our patients must first of all solve this problem. further, antioxidants certainly play a very important role in the activity of melanocytes, in the synthesis of melanin, therefore, it is imperative to ensure that our patient receives adequate nutrition, takes additional vitamins, fat-soluble vitamins as a means of protecting our skin, vitamin d, vitamin e woman. if necessary, and for men of a certain age. as for vitamin a, we use it more in external form; everyone knows perfectly well that autumn, winter, and early spring are the time for retinol. this is not suitable for all patients, they should definitely discuss this with their doctor, but the effect is remarkable. in addition, they are prescribed orally preparations of succinic acid, vitamin c, these same

preparations have external analogues. koevaya. acid, which has a whitening effect, if we are talking about chemical peels, a huge line with the ability to integrate different compounds for different patients. in addition, laser techniques are phototherapy and photorejuvenation, this is the destruction of pigment using an erbium or co2 laser, and these are injection techniques with a whitening effect that work great, mesokey or biorevitalizants, or with a general effect, the only thing i want to say that once a pigment has appeared, most often it will recur, covering the area of, so to speak, hyperpigmentation, but exposing the rest of the body to the sun, it is very difficult to expect that hyperpigmentation will not recur in a given place, so we are talking about complete protection from ultraviolet

irradiation , about replenishing all... deficiencies, about replenishing and stabilizing all hormonal conditions, about regular visits to a dermatocosmetologist, then we may also work on prevention, of course, natalya, thank you very much, it was it’s really interesting and useful, it seems to me, and right now we are continuing on air another experiment of our correspondents, they have already tested on themselves the effectiveness of hardware cosmetology in solving the problem. before a patient undergoes a hardware procedure that affects age spots, a dermatologist conducts a consultation and then assesses the condition of the skin in order to customize the operating parameters of the device for you personally. our film crew decided to test the effect of such a procedure on themselves. today we are with

you will carry out the procedure on the m22 platform, this is the gold standard... of modern hardware cosmetology, the procedure will consist of two stages: the first is the so-called phototherapy. it works like this: light pulses affect the skin, penetrating to a given depth. the light acts on specific points, on the melanin pigment, destroying it, this allows pigment spots to be removed. at the same time, this procedure combats age-related skin changes. first we will use... the ipl module, we will have an intense effect on the skin pulsed light, this module stimulates cells to produce collagen and elastin, after which we will use the reservefix module, this is a laser. during the session, light pulses act on target skin cells, dark ones containing melanin pigment absorb this light energy, it

in turn is converted into heat, the cells are heated to a temperature at which the destruction of that same pigment occurs and the synthesis of collagen and elastin is activated, which we need so much. many people avoid this procedure because they are afraid severe peeling of the skin after it, but professionals assure that this will not happen, maximum slight peeling in places where there are age spots. the laser works delicately in a gentle mode; it polishes