[000:00:00;00] ectomy of burns on the upper and lower extremities, she is now on mechanical ventilation, her condition is assessed as serious, the second patient has a volume of damage by hot liquid and steam in the volume of 40% of the body surface, her condition is stable, serious, she is conscious and comes into contact the severity of the condition is assessed as slightly better than the first patient; they were both examined by specialists. our center, consultations were held with an alleriringologist, an ophthalmologist, and a neurosurgeon and a decision was made on current and further management tactics for these patients. let me remind you that five people were injured; all patients were diagnosed with traumatic brain injuries, thermal burns of the face, body, upper and lower extremities. two are in satisfactory condition, receiving outpatient treatment in orsha, one was taken to the vitebsk regional clinical hospital.

state. patients transferred to minsk are seriously ill, all measures will be taken to ensure that the patients recover and minimize all consequences, the patient who was transferred to the regional hospital, the condition is of moderate severity, conservative treatment is also expected, after which he will be discharged under outpatient observation. the aggravation of the situation in the middle east entails serious economic consequences, in the event of further... earthly concerns, crew members of the soyuz ms-25 transport ship, including marina

vasilevskaya, as well as american. in the pavilion shooting, one photo will be selected from the entire photo session, which will become the official photograph of the crew, the launch of the soyuz ms-25 spacecraft is planned in march next year. at 19:00 more relevant information, see you in the evening newscast. we will introduce you to belarusians who consciously... we exchanged the city for the village, at that time we already had two horses of our own, they were standing in a stable near minsk, we came up with an idea, that is, first of all, moving from the city to the village, and then try to do something of our own. they believed in themselves, their strengths and achieved results in their favorite business. we have a plot of land of 100 g, renting 53-55

fruit-bearing gardens, etc. 45 currants, leading from the capital will have to experience all the delights of rural life, it eats rope, it’s normal, it happens, grisha, be a man, come on, let’s go to the apple farm, they said, everything is modern there, you won’t have to do almost anything , they said, you know, i joked, but he took everything seriously, i’m from the village, look, more than 2% of the world’s population is in the last stage of this disease, according to the forecasts of scientists, this figure will only grow. previously it was believed that it was

incurable. now this statement is nothing more than a myth. the most important thing in this matter is to the person himself wanted that same healing. and this is precisely the most difficult thing. my name is ekaterina beretskaya. hello, today we will study new methods of treatment for alcohol addiction. spoiler alert, it turns out that science is also nearby. so, don't miss out on the program. who first introduced such a concept as alcoholism, how they fought against drunkenness in past centuries and whether they fought at all, instead of long-term therapy, one injection, developed by belarusian scientists, which will stop the development of alcoholism in the body, on air in a few minutes. term

alcoholism was introduced by a swedish doctor, magnus huse in 1849. true, now doctors try not to use this particular word, alcoholism, increasingly describing the condition of a person in which he drinks alcohol in uncontrolled doses, they say: about alcohol dependence, how it was treated in different centuries, i propose to find out right now that if you let drinks made from grain crops, berries, fruits and honey ferment a little, intoxication will occur when consumed, people knew in ancient times, back in the third millennium bc, wine made in egypt in central asia. but only in the 6th century ad did the arabs learn to obtain pure alcohol from wine. that is why the latin word alcohol comes from an arabic word that translates as alcohol. the negative consequences of drinking

alcohol were noticed by the ancient greek scientist aristotle, who called it voluntary madness. that is why historians say that the egyptians and romans put people on the table during a feast. the skull as a reminder of what alcohol can do to a person. during the middle ages in europe there was a real cult of alcohol. knights used it in large quantities in battles, and it was a sign of strength and courage. however, europe soon faced a problem. people drank too much, and by the end of the 18th century, attempts were made to limit drunkenness, and at the legislative level. for example, in 1736 in england... they passed a law according to which a tax must be paid for the purchase of strong alcoholic beverages. a little more than a century later, the first separate hospitals for treating alcoholics were opened there. in france such patients were admitted to psychiatric

centers. in russia, alcohol has long been viewed negatively. in the 21st century, ordinary people could drink beer only four times a year on church holidays. yes , they could not afford other drinks. zamozhskaya. wine was too expensive, she could afford wine, but raising a glass before dinner in high circles was forbidden. the main incentive to give up alcohol for a long time was the fear of moral punishment. for example, under peter i, those who abused alcohol were hanged a medal for drunkenness, weighing almost 7 kg, was worn around the neck ; a person had to wear it for a week. in the 18th century, tsar alexei mikhailovich. carried out the kabat reform, which prohibited the sale of alcohol, and already at the beginning of the twentieth, tsar nicholas ii first banned the sale of vodka, and a little later wine and beer. but one of the most striking anti-alcohol campaigns came in

soviet times and went down in history as gorbachev’s, but contrary to expectations, it only provoked an increase in the illegal sale of surrogate and discontent among the population of a large country. to the same results and prohibition in america from the 20s to the 30s of the last century. this year, specialists from the research institute for the production of vaccine medicines in vitebsk announced the creation of a vaccine against alcoholism. read more in our science news section. so, scientists have not yet disclosed all the details regarding the unique vaccine, this is understandable, work on its creation has just begun, but

the researchers still shared some information with our correspondents. it is known that the drug will have double action. firstly, after such a vaccination, the patient should experience a rejection of alcohol at a physiological level, with the side effects being a severe headache and nausea. at the same time, the drug will work to reduce the harm of the effects of alcohol breakdown products on the body. there are no such vaccines on the world market yet, but american scientists are conducting similar studies. let’s hope that our scientists will be able to complete the research and provide the results much earlier. this. the science project is nearby, today we understand modern methods of getting rid of alcohol dependencies, here’s something else we’ll tell you about. not for the intoxicating effect, but for the taste, where

does alcohol addiction begin? the main tool - psychotherapy - is the most effective method of treating alcohol addiction today, and we will find out very soon whether there is a way to relieve stress without a glass of wine. secrets of good morning and great. mood, good equal belarus, if they ask us how to get to the library, albeit at 2 a.m., then we will answer how to get there, mommy, come on, he shouts, yes, meeting amazing people, how many clubs do we need, a club for the beginning can be one, two, three, depending on the level of the game, if with this club and in an irritated state, but what should i do to develop barefoot with this? i can, you know, i have a different profession,

otherwise i’ll now need experience. you should try it anyway, and there is also a lot of useful and interesting information , the chinese are very kind, they are similar to us, zhenya, well, how will it turn out, for the first time in my life, we make a wish, how many dogs are there in general, until here is the maximum number there were so many of you during your service, but what about us? now let’s let go of such a jerk, look, good morning belarus with svetlana borovskaya on the tv channel belarus. 24. the main research work, including the study of alcohol addiction, as well as methods of its treatment in our country, is carried out in the scientific and practical center for mental health. that is why today we invited the head of the specialized department to the studio. center tatyana romanovna, hello,

hello, let's start our conversation with the topic of the stage of alcohol dependence, because there is a lot of different information, someone says that there are six of them, someone says that there are half as many of them as there actually are. there is an international classification of diseases in the world, which defines three stages of alcohol dependence. the first stage, when a person begins to use more, they begin to use more often, but at the same time there is still an opportunity to maintain control, while : a person can refuse situationally if he understands that he has to drive in the morning, or some difficult work awaits him in the morning, the person is in in this case, you may not drink. at the second stage, a person drinks even more, his tolerance and tolerance for alcohol increases, it reaches a bottle of vodka and with alcohol dependence even higher, complications may arise, such as alcoholic psychoses, mental disorders when drinking alcohol, convulsive attacks may occur against the background of... consumption , well, the third stage

, it is already final, when, on the contrary, tolerance, that is, alcohol tolerance decreases, usually these are elderly chronic alcoholics who can drink very little, but at the same time get drunk already with small, small doses. ramanovna, what is everyday drunkenness, because such a concept exists among the people, but hardly anyone knows what it means, or is it not a scientific term? for doctors there is no concept of everyday drunkenness, addiction either exists or... does not exist in the everyday understanding, if a person drinks alcohol occasionally in some situations when, well, let’s say, it is impossible not to drink it, in our society, in principle, it is accepted that some then big holidays, feasts of alcohol use if a person can control his dose, and this dose does not exceed, if the next morning the person does not experience symptoms of a hangover, a hangover is one of the criteria for addiction, if the person does not go on a binge. binge drinking is also one of the criteria for addiction, then we can say that

this is everyday drunkenness, and now i propose to understand in more detail such a problem as codependency, this is also our topic, my colleagues are already ready to share important information, professionals call dependence addiction, obsessive need for something or in someone, but... this word comes from an ancient roman legal term that defined a person born free, but sold into slavery for debts. indeed, addiction holds in its bonds, so to speak, the dependent person, probably with greater force than the cruel slave owners of their miserable jobs. there can be different relationships with codependents, but for the first time, this concept was formed against the background of ideas about alcoholism. addiction, the classic model is

an alcohol-abusing husband and a codependent spouse, but parents, children, and so on can also be codependent. it is no coincidence that there is a whole movement in the world of so-called adult children who grew up with parents addicted to alcohol. moreover, these people themselves are non-drinkers, as a rule, but by contrast, this is how life is in a family with alcohol. a negative imprint on their life and destiny. the most peculiar, for codependent relationships... is a change of three positions, yes, the position of the victim, and the pursuer of the rescuer, when a person is prone to addiction, well, in particular, yes

alcoholic, indeed he has such well, infantile, well, most likely characteristic of children and adolescents, but already in adulthood and at times very respectable , and immature, psychological defense mechanisms, yes, well, in particular, yes, a mechanism, yes, projections when he sees a problem, yes, beside himself, yes, everyone is to blame for the fact that i drink , because they don’t understand me, they offend me, that’s why i drink, a different mechanism, so to speak , in a state, yes, of intoxication, man inclined , yes, to react outwardly with aggression, which drunk... on the mind, then on the tongue of a drunk, or in the fist, these things are important for us, of course , so to speak, to remember, but another mechanism is avoidance, that is, people don’t want, well, or even can’t, because they don’t know how to deal with difficulties in real life, they end up dependent, intoxication gives them the illusion that

there really are no problems, there are certainly reacting negative emotions, a person who abuses alcohol and drugs, well, is in the position of a persecutor, but the next morning he is in a state of hangover so to speak, he well, it turns into a kind of victim, because a codependent person, yes , a spouse, parents, so to speak, well, yes, they begin to lecture, so the dependents with their codependent loved ones... constantly move between roles, aggressor, victim, rescuer. this behavioral pattern was described by american psychotherapist stephen karpman in 1968. it is important to remember that codependency, in many ways, is, yes, well, congruent with dependence. here, well, what

are the most, well, frequent manifestations of addiction, an increase in tolerance or resistance, and indeed, in codependent people , well, they also develop a unique and massive immunity, so to speak, of some kind of alcoholization or drug addiction, and in a codependent person , psychomatic illnesses begin to develop, when there are no organic lesions of the internal organs, the symptoms are quite real. there is a tendency to relapse, and indeed codependent people may have relapses. others may be relapses of psychomatic disorders, manifested by headache, functional disturbances of heart rhythm, gastrointestinal disorders and so on, up to real psychomatic diseases, that is, diseases whose origin, along with others, have a role, so to speak, these

are psychological factors, such as coronary heart disease, arterial hypertension, intestines, thyroid disease , and so on. but there is a way out of such situations, first of all, this is psychotherapeutic help. in this matter , the main thing for the codependent person himself is to understand that there is a problem and it needs to be solved; it is very important for them to change the style of their relationship, because often, indeed, such people, well enough, skillful, well, yes, in hiding some kind of, say, alcoholic illness or drug addiction from others, so they obtain by hook or by crook, yes, all kinds of supporting documents, they hide the amount

of consumption, the meaning of life, well, yes, is in hiding this family secret, so to speak, this... skeleton in the closet. the method of cognitive behavioral therapy has proven itself to be excellent. it helps change beliefs and behaviors that cause neurotic and other pathological conditions. it is quite successfully combined with drug therapy and takes into account the position of, well, modern evidence-based medicine, well, uh, very effective. there is also a support community for codependents. persons, so, yes, first of all, these are anonymous, codependent and so-called adult children of alcoholics, they exist, well, in addition to well-known programs, yes, alcoholics anonymous, drug addicts anonymous, gamblers anonymous and so on, moreover,

much has been written on the topic of codependency. number of self-help guides , 100 brave guys gathered in our studio, each of them has a question for an adult, we are children, should adults be wiser in some ways? i think so, and i don’t even doubt it at all, how can you get on television these days? yes, it’s very simple that you are not bad, but i like the girl, tell me how i can confess my love to her without words, the heroes of the program will have to open up to the audience, i met my husband at a sports competition, we have been living with him for 39 years, so what? you in it i liked it, i didn’t like it at first , we fought at school, including me, in kindergarten, i even think they separated us from corners. the main task is to honestly answer all original, and sometimes

awkward questions. politics is a dirty business, sometimes yes, unfortunately. your wife is the president's press secretary, and you are a representative of the television company. which one of you is more important? at work or at home? has anyone tried to take advantage of your acquaintance to resolve the issue of cronyism? look in the project. punishment mindaug, to the first caravan punishment, to which our present-day land appeared, this kalegium, the educational establishment of the 16th century, such was the case in all of belarus, the education

was free. such pharmacies, which are there, you are not familiar with, navat in the post-soviet space, but a sinner at heart. hello, good afternoon to you, dear guests, our wide soaring, we bring you, travel with us on the tv channel belarus 24. someone simply does not admit that he has a problem, yes, there is such a group, they are probably

the majority, but someone will already say it just, well, he’s embarrassed or something, he’s afraid to go to the doctor, because then somewhere they’ll write something on the card, to the same society of ananine alcoholics, when i go there, i’m ashamed, this consciousness changes a little, alone from the stage of working with psychologists and this is precisely the awareness and recognition of one’s addiction, because addiction is a mental illness, it is a chronic disease, which means that addiction will be with a person all his life, that is, there are no former alcoholics either, there are no people may remain in sobriety for a long time, 10 years, 20 years, until the end of your life, but nevertheless , there is an addiction, and there is a probability of failure to quit, it is much higher than for a person. who is not dependent, who drinks alcohol occasionally and can control the dose, that is, after a certain period of sobriety, people

with alcohol addiction begin to think: i haven’t been drinking for a long time, i haven’t been drinking for a year, or two, or five, and i can already drink like everyone else, but this is an illusion, such a person will never be able to drink like everyone else, because control has been lost, and if a person can control the first few uses, then the body will very quickly remember... how it was when there was a lot of alcohol, when there was no need to control it, and, as a rule, binge drinking develops. it is difficult to recognize the problem, because in our society people who drink alcohol are often treated quite loyally , especially if they are men, women are somehow shamed more and women hide more, but men, especially young men, physically strong, often even flaunt, telling friends that oh, i got so drunk yesterday, everyone says, oh yeah. and well done, that is, they positively reinforce such behavior, in society there is an illusion that a person with alcohol addiction is

such marginal people, already homeless, when a person looks at himself, and he is still quite successful, he has a good job, he has a good salary, it is difficult for him to compare his addiction with this marginal person without a fixed place of residence, and he is afraid to admit problems, he is afraid that his relatives will start to shame, that friends will start to shame, so you can contact us, doctors ... anonymously, there are anonymous consultations, there is anonymous treatment, then information about the person, his last name does not appear anywhere, he can undergo a course of treatment, or he can undergo outpatient treatment consultation, there is such a concept, again among the people, female alcoholism, but is it really, as they say, absolutely not

curable, women’s enzymatic system is also different from men’s and women digest alcohol worse and break it down than men, plus, in our society , drinking alcohol by women is still not encouraged, it is harder for women to see a doctor, psychiatrist, or narcologist, they are even more afraid of condemnation, they understand that they will receive this condemnation faster than men, women often hide they drink alcohol in the evening, when all the housework has already been done, when the children and husband are sleeping, plus women... after all, they rarely drink strong alcohol, they drink weaker alcohol, this is wine, champagne, and hence there is also an illusion that for now i don't drink vodka for women while there i don’t drink cognac and other strong drinks, i can’t have an alcohol addiction , but in fact, the dose of alcohol, it doesn’t matter what strength of alcohol you drink, if you exceed the permissible dose, then it will be

unsafe for you, since women are embarrassed to apply they come to doctors... late, they come when either the second stage of addiction is already far advanced, or the third, in this case, yes , unfortunately, the treatment is more difficult and longer than for men, is there that safe dose , tatyana romanovna, why i’m asking because they say, italians, they have breakfast with wine, lunch with wine, and there are no problems, france also has wine, it ’s just a matter of the quality of the drink, well, at least that’s what you hear, so tell me, are there really no problems there, as it is believed, and as for the safe dose, maybe a glass of wine for lunch, as is customary in italy , is quite normal, currently 10 g of pure alcohol per reception is considered a conditionally safe dose, this is approximately, well, 45

ml of vodka, approximately 120- 130 ml of dry vi... or somewhere a little more than half a bottle of beer. when used once, no more than twice a week, this dose can be considered safe, but if a person drinks alcohol, then in our society he rarely drinks it in such doses. we have a different enzymatic system, we cannot compare ourselves there with the italians, with the french, we have a different alcohol, if alcohol is consumed more than two, but maximum three times a week. if a single dose can be three doses, for retired men the use exceeds two of these safe doses per day, but for men young, physically strong , and for women, this is a maximum of two doses per single dose. now, if this dose is exceeded, if the amount of alcohol consumed per week is more than two, then this is the first sign that

alcohol dependence can form. tatyana ramanovna, thank you very much. as we have already understood, people often start drinking alcohol to relieve tension, primarily psycho-emotional, but in fact, in this way the psyche is overloaded even more, our correspondent will tell you about healthy alternatives for relieving stress. psychohyena is the science of preserving and maintaining the health of the human psyche, and as doctors say, it is not a series of tools to bring the psyche back to normal: psychohyena. it's a way of life. of course, more often than not, stress destroys our mental health. it's not easy to say, no, don't worry, don't worry. eh, here you need to learn to adapt to stress. probably , first of all, this is true, because stress is that uh mechanism that is good, in one way

on the one hand, it is provided by nature to teach us to adapt, that is, to train us, on the other hand there is ... the concept of distress is a harmful state for the human body, but everyone, in general, knows how to get away from this state in their own way. c... because to get rid of such a condition correctly you need to learn, learn all your life. if we take specific recommendations from doctors, this is alternating physical activity with mental activity, that is, if a person works a lot intellectually while sitting at the computer, then he needs to do break for 15 minutes. it is also beneficial for the body's endocrine hormonal system. stress hormones, when they accumulate, especially when a person sits at the computer, something doesn’t work out for him, he begins to get nervous for a long time, it is important to walk for 10-15 minutes so that the body processes these stress hormones and is renewed, let’s

say so, a little bit, then it’s much easier, another very important recommendation is sleep, it’s important to rest, yes, today’s time requires us to work, work hard to keep up, because the course of life, today compared to tens of years ago , is many times faster, and the nervous system does not have time to do so quickly; avolution occurs , but it is not so fast, and a person, as a result , plunges into this same stress, again, what to do, differentiate important from more important, for example, important, relatively speaking , a little later, more important now, that is, self-organization, constant self-organization, you need to listen to yourself. the first time, such volitional inhibition and switching to another type of activity may not work. here constant self-control of a person's cleaning will help. and precisely because modern people cannot

relax in environmentally friendly ways, this leads them to relaxation with the help of the psychoactive effect of alcohol, although in fact alcohol is a depressant, and not an anti, as many people think when drinking another dose of alcohol. loads the nervous system even more, although initially its goal was to unload it. they come home very tired in the evening and load themselves with alcohol, and alcohol, uh, excites them even more, according to essentially, in order not to bring yourself to such a state, you need to wash your psyche, so to speak, just as we wash our faces every day , this is the essence of psychohyena , training, swimming, light physical activity in the gym, walking in the fresh air before bed will help with this issue , it’s better to fall asleep before 23:00 and wake up at the same time even on weekends. a morning contrast shower and the use of gadgets only during work have a good effect on the psyche . it is better to replace watching news feeds with reading books. it has been scientifically proven that reading

reduces stress levels by 60% in the first 5 minutes. the russian classic leo tolstoy, who created the temperance society in 1887, said: “wine destroys the physical health of people, destroys mental strength, abilities, destroys the well-being of families, and most terrible of all , it destroys the souls of people and their offspring. all statements of lev nikolaevitch today have already found scientific confirmation "today, the main task of researchers is to find the most effective methods of combating this evil. and if you have been with us for this half hour, you now know about the latest developments. as well as

that in this topic science is nearby. to succeed, you need to be in the right place at the right time: in the right place at the right time, the americans say, and although most often you have heard this maxim from hollywood stars receiving oscars, notice how naked pragmatism, even cynicism it smacks of , it turns out that you don’t need anything special for success, you just need to get, or rather: pay for insider information, where when the dollar shower spills, then stand under the watering can, you’re at a political stand-up, with

you vadim delfimov, hello, friends, success is bought and sold, the americans are convinced, success is not like that at all in our opinion, we say, the stars must align. who rules the sky? it turns out that in our opinion, success is a gift from god that must be earned by the sweat of one’s face, and also success.