[000:00:00;00] this residence, a dacha, was completed in 508, the main building, and then three cottages were built, however, at first the construction of cottages was not envisaged, the best forces were thrown into the construction of the facility, they built at an accelerated pace, and viskuli was chosen as the location. poland is located on the baltic and black seas, viskuli, pure pine forest, all around there are berry fields, pine, oak, spruce , there was no such growth as there was now, deciduous, it was all blown, there was no kamar there in principle, a good pine forest, wild

boar in doval, the food supply was excellent, 1958, khrushchev was greeted with belarusian hospitality and the distinguished guest was also in a good mood. but unexpectedly for everyone, the scandal broke out in earnest. khrushchov, when he saw the two-story building, reproached the management and the builders. i have such palaces in moscow, i need wooden ones, a hunting one, but no matter how much i like the building, it is truly unique in its architectural design. there is a fluorescent lantern at the top, a regular heating system, at any time of daylight there was light there. the building itself is austere, simple it seems

here, but again. look at that decoration, it still paints, the interesting sealing of the radiators, well, the stained glass windows, stained glass windows , of course, have been preserved here, the parquet is also from that time, the parquet remains the special pride of the residence today, the use of our natural materials, here is oak, ash , pine, that is, an immediately beautiful design, simple, original, but our pushchan materials for... from the point of view of combining the forest, landscape and this architecture, still pompous, this approach is also amazing, creating an atmosphere of solemnity and not the center, not in cities, not in squares, not on the streets, but in the forest, in general, in the natural

landscape. the viskuli residence became a place for receiving distinguished guests for many years. a unique object in the very heart of the belovezhskaya pushchina. the main building was inhabited by foreigners. czechoslovak first secretary of bulgaria. kubentsystarnik also had a wife who was more or less successful

, never smeared, there were mistakes on guard. the beginning of the decline of the time of creating unique, expressive and inimitable buildings in their architectural solutions was marked by the devastating all-union meeting, which took place in the kremlin on december 7, 1954. nikita is wearing it. delivered his historic speech about architectural excesses and restructuring in construction. in the mid-fifties , the era of pompous buildings and solemnity in their appearance, the era of neoclassicism, ended. we really turned out to be a city of such a unique architectural hollywood, we would even be hard-pressed to find another such ensemble, the world architecture

of the fifties, forties 5, which would so fully implement the principles neoclassical artic. then architects were accused of all mortal sins. wastefulness and excess in the decoration of buildings, khrushchev openly called them a stumbling block on the path of industrialization of construction, the course of which was removed in the ussr. at the beginning of 1955, at the belgosproekt institute there was a discussion of the resolution of the party central committee on eliminating excesses in design and construction. it was

difficult to call it stormy. the basis is the report of mordvinov, president of the ussr academy of architecture. many were confused and bewildered. more recently at a meeting. in the kremlin he tried to oppose khrushchev, who publicly reprimanded him. everyone saw that the country's chief architect did not agree with the construction of faceless buildings, but now mardvinov repented, admitted the mistakes of the architects, and he himself accused them of excess and wastefulness. those present voted unanimously to approve the provisions of the resolution. they left the meeting in deep silence.

in belarus, they did not risk getting carried away with excesses, but they also did not risk switching to the construction of faceless buildings, abandoning the given the main avenue of the capital of the neoclassical style, we are not in a hurry. yaakub kolos square is so iconic, we still see the architecture of residential buildings, and the factory building, which is located slightly indented from the central, central avenue, they retain the architecture of the fifties, it has lost a little of its pomp, but after all, it still retains the classics. and a whole palette of unique architectural solutions, newly erected buildings, where the style combines the seemingly incongruous.

the philharmonic building appears, a modernist development of architecture, a portico with six columns, modern, brutal flutes on the surface. rectangular columns, on the other hand we see the building of the institute of physical education, which was built before the war, a slightly different pediment, but this is also an amazing combination and development of minsk in the sixties, such monumental architecture arose as the maklanovo art museum, where they are realized... the principles of stalinist neoclassicism, where the order program is implemented, but at the same time it is already reduced to some minimum clarity and rigor. a sufficient

number of buildings of the so-called transitional period are appearing in minsk, but they are no less interesting, original, and have preserved for us the features of the architectural trends of the fifties and seventies . more such transitional works are, of course, the telegraph of abram dukhan, the telegraph, which is located on oktyabrskaya square, please do not confuse it with the main post office; the telegraph is already located , a lot of what determined the further appearance of modernism in minsk, quite the planar solution of the façade, although with such very elegantly designed planes, the lack of a clearly expressed means of constructing a large volume or new buildings on the main avenue of the capital, which they tried

to fit into the general outline. a new theme in post-war minsk is industrial production, a minsk watch factory, one of the facades is completely made of glass, stained glass, and this is also a new theme, and for the entire height of the building, this makes it possible to open a production facility, that is, this is what , which was not... characteristic of architecture of the fifties. in the early sixties, in the country's cinemas, before the start of film demonstrations, they showed, as they would say today, an advertising video. he talked about the advantages of new residential buildings, and of course, apartments. people immediately dubbed them khrushchevites. it was. to some extent, it progressively made it possible to resettle people, but these buildings

were never intended to last forever, they were considered as temporary objects, by the way, also a very modernist principle of the designer’s house. khruchyovki is not only soviet invention, if you look at the houses for workers, bruno taut around berlin and others, examples of left-wing architecture of the twenties and thirties, we will see this type of very economical housing. in the fight against excesses, they abandoned not only architectural delights, but also the previous sizes of apartments. now, the living area of ​​a two-room apartment is on average 22 m2. the bedroom is 6 or 8 m2, the living room is 14 m2. the film especially advertised kitchens, or rather their advantages, which were seen as only 4.5 square meters in size. previously, to cook borscht, the announcer said: the housewife was forced to run up to

50 meters across the kitchen, but now everything can be reached with her hand from a standing position. the construction of such standard apartments in the ussr in the republic became widespread. the specificity of the situation in the soviet union was that this very economical housing became a state program. and indeed, there were choruses. a huge country, indeed, this has led to a certain architectural monotony, uniformity, a certain sadness. industrial approach, new trends in architecture are reflected on public buildings, cultural sites, hospitals, sports facilities. belarusian architects faced very difficult tasks, to maintain a balance between styles, and not to turn the city into a faceless one with

monotonous buildings. a unique phenomenon was the emergence of fundamentally new approaches to organizing the urban environment. well-thought-out , very well-built interior layouts while being economical. an example of the ensemble verkhoruzhiy street by olga borisovna ladygina. these are many objects, even these objects are from a later period. transport zone in minsk. it is a powerful rhythm that literally permeates the movement. nevertheless , modernism began to dominate in architecture. this style becomes the only official one in the urban planning of the ussr. someone can compare it with constructivism, where everything is also without frills.

for those who hear the terms constructivism and modernism , everything seems to be so, and there is construction and architecture, there are resistant beams, but the main difference between modernism is not ordinary modern forms, this style remained popular in the ussr until the end of the soviet era. it is interesting that many buildings from the period and modernism of the sixties are historical and cultural values, the pioneer cinema, how it has survived to this day, not rebuilt, completed in the sixties, by the architect zaborsky and levin, it is interesting because it contains monumental art, stained glass , a mosaic panel, in general, every element there has a meaning. one of the interesting solutions was the sports palace of architects filimonov and

malyshev, built in the sixties. main this sports palace involved the creation of a huge transforming internal space. this was done precisely thanks to new technology, these are cable-stayed structures that made it possible to block this huge span. the use of very powerful elements and a concrete structure, like a support, well, this is an excellent engineering calculation , that is, such a huge building with a huge span for that time for a decade later, the building of the sports palace remains original today, without it it is difficult to imagine the modern avenue of winners , but the desire for the outside did not always

have a positive effect on the historical appearance of cities and the capital. the fashion for large-scale multifunctional objects. in may 1962, at a meeting with the first secretary of the central committee of the communist party of belarus, mazurovo , the discussion of the project for concert and sports cinemas ended. according to the documents, the sports palace was named under this name, in general i liked it, it was original, large-scale, the decision to start its construction was agreed upon, it was a great success for the young architect sergei

filimonov, he was only 25, and such trust, unexpectedly he asked to speak, turning to mazav: can i tell you? everyone expected gratitude to the belarusian leadership for the trust shown, but filimonov spoke very emotionally and about something completely different. a few words about the red church. the church, of course, is not an architectural monument, but since it survived the battles, it will definitely become one, it is beautiful in itself, and the bricks for its construction were brought from poland itself, there is no need to demolish it, but instead a cinema. you can find another place,

unfortunately, the course is towards modernist regeneration of the environment had its consequences, an example of such modernist regeneration of the environment was, for example, nemiga, nemiga turned out to be a victim ... of the idea of ​​​​creating such a comfortable modernist city, and we can say that this is not the first time in the history of world architecture, unfortunately, but remember how london was destroyed in the victorian era, although it suffered greatly, something was saved, thanks to a balanced approach, today we have a house in the era and modern new objects, the so -called glass architecture. they were born at the junction of eras. in the sixties, minsk

found its new face. openness appears. for architecture of the fifties . the sixties open up life inside the building, open out to passersby. and these unique objects, of course, they were among the world architecture. the appearance of the belarusian capital of the sixties is

a time of expressive objects of that time, we see it today, and this is the result of a mixture of styles. minsk at this time became an arena for the activities of outstanding architects. and in this sense, the 60-70s brought absolutely a new flavor to the image of minsk, the flavor of such a bright, expressive modernism, not just individual objects, but new ensembles. this long period of the thirties, forties , fifties, sixties, seventies formed an exceptional variety of architecture, which... in general , today allows us to think about, well, let's say, further steps. minsk, such a library of styles. if you treat with interest at the same time