a small particle of verion consisting of a nucleic acid coated with a protective protein shell - a copsid. and in 1901 , the american military surgeon rith discovered the first disease caused by the yellow fever virus. 10 years later, in 1911 , francis rous proved the viral nature of one type of cancer. however, he was given the nobe prize for this only 55 years later. in 1960, the disease was called rous sarcoma, and by the end of the 20th century more than 2,000 species of viruses, bacteria, and plants had been discovered and studied and animals, around the same time, active vaccination against a variety of viruses began , to this day this method remains the main and most effective in the fight against them, although scientists have been working towards this for a very long time, moreover, they tried to make the first vaccine against smallpox,

not yet understanding what exactly causes it. in 1796, the english doctor edward jenner, no matter how creepy it may sound today, brought to an eight-year-old boy the blood of a man who had a mild case of cowpox. and after that, the scientist for 5 years i tried to infect him with smallpox three times, but his body did not give in. this experiment was essentially the first successful vaccination against a viral infection. diseases, only a century after the discovery of the virus itself and its detailed study under a microscope , vaccines began to be created in laboratories, thanks to which epidemics of rubella, tuberculosis, polyamylitis, whooping cough, diphtheria and many other viruses became history. since 2002.

the health organization recognized belarus as a polio-free country. the latest cases of deftheria and tetanus in our country registered more than 10 years ago. and this is all thanks to the fact that several generations of belarusians were vaccinated in a timely manner and are still vaccinated against more than a dozen dangerous infections. this is done in accordance with the official document, the national vaccination calendar. it also prescribes vaccination against influenza, and it is the so-called seasonal viral diseases that give us the most problems today, is this true, let’s ask the doctor, she’s already in touch with us, anna, hello, what viruses are most common? now we have which of them can you get vaccinated against, hello, ekaterina, influenza, parainfluenza, single-virus infections, coronavirus infections persist on the territory of our republic at the moment, and we have access to three types of influenza vaccines, from manufacturers on

a paid and free basis, also several types of vaccines against coronavirus infection. is it possible to get vaccinated against both influenza and coronavirus right away, or is it better to wait for time to learn how to get vaccinated correctly? before vaccination , the patient is examined by a doctor, then sent to the treatment room, where he they are vaccinated and observed after 30 minutes to exclude unwanted reactions. a joint vaccination against the coronavirus flu can be done on the same day, both vaccinations are tolerated very well, and my last question is, many people think that in the new season there will be a new strain and the vaccination will no longer help, why is it still worth vaccinating against both the flu and coronavirus? this is not entirely true, scientists are conducting research, predicting the most likely strains of the virus, creating a vaccine, and which will be effective this year. thank you thank you very much, anna, for your detailed answer, and we

continue, here’s something else we’ll tell you about. when it comes to national security, why did it become necessary to open a virology center in our country? it’s not just vaccines that are still in the sphere of scientific interests of belarusian virologists today. and the attack of the enter virus, is it possible to protect yourself and your children? zev examined it and sees now.

there is a lot of hell, i pray for it forever. you yourself see what beautiful meat we have here, but i like it, why should i bother? yana is talented and beautiful. many they come up and say that oh, but our grandmother had, for rough work, the initial need for two tools, this tool is called a hoof, incredibly focused on the history of their little family. the first mention of the village of pereru, the end of the 6th, beginning of the 7th centuries, 2, 2, maybe three kilometers from the village in the forest there is an old settlement, near the paleshuki project. on the tv channel belarus 24. the third world war is already, as some say, it has been going on for a long time, only the forms are quite hidden. the west understands perfectly well that russia and belarus cannot be defeated by military means, this is impossible, the bet is always on

what? internal explosion, without organization, no mood will rise anywhere. and everything is falling apart everywhere. ukraine, played map. nothing worked, plus there is a rejection of the dollar all over the world, yes, they managed to topple europe today, but this does not allow them to fully revive the united states as a world hegemon, the world is at a breaking point, in this case, of course, it will not exist, but the hegemon cannot retreat, what he i have, excuse me, managed to do something, he will still be denied, anything, good or evil, it comes back, especially evil, an objective project. don't miss new episodes on the belarus 24 tv channel . one of the country's main scientific news in 2023

is the work on creating a belarusian flu vaccine. the formula for the new vaccine is being developed at the new center of the academy of sciences, the center of virology at the institute of biophysics of cellular engineering, its director is in our studio today, andrey evgenievich, hello, good afternoon, well, first of all, i congratulate you personally on the opening of the center, this is truly an event, let’s go a little bit into history, why was there a need to create an entire virology center? the necessary creation of a virology center on the basis of the academy of sciences was necessitated primarily by the covid-19 pandemic. of course, this was a serious problem for healthcare , this is a problem for the economy of all countries, in fact, and that is why the decision was made, in addition to existing organizations in belarus, to create a virology center at the academy. the main task as it were, this center is precisely the development of new vaccines and new drugs against some infections. mainly, of course , against viruses. this task was set

by the president of the republic of belarus, alexandruch lukashenko, and it was within the framework of his order that this center was created. that is, on the one hand, a vaccine against covid has been developed and a virology center has been created. and production was organized on the basis of white unipharma, so let’s talk more about the vaccines that have been developed, including the flu vaccine, tell us now you are working on the creation, i understand correctly, absolutely right, this is one of the first main tasks, we opened only in june of this year, that is, we have been working quite recently, but we have already started developing a vaccine, it is assumed that, well, the first options, the first is, well, let’s say the laboratory technology will be ready in the spring of the year, but then there will also be a stage of adaptation of this technology in production, here is the clarification of some, say , technological minor nuances, then preclinical, clinical trials, that is well, this is the process, how long does it take to create a vaccine from scratch? i understand correctly, you know,

completely from scratch, let’s say, no, that is, there is experience in developing a vaccine against coronavirus infection, but a vaccine against influenza is different , it differs primarily in that if the vaccine against covid contains only one flu, then the flu is three or four strains, we will take four strains, these are the first, second, the production stages themselves, that is, the vaccine against covid-19 is entirely virion, that is, there is a whole virus there inactivated, that is, actually killed, to create a vaccine we will crush this virus, conditionally split it into small fragments and then purify them, that is , the technology, well, let’s say, is somewhat more complicated and it is necessary to work out those stages with which we are still, well, let’s say have not encountered, and production, too, let’s say, there is where to produce, of course , there is belvide unipharm , the eighth floor of the building has now been reconstructed, plus a new plant is being built nearby, let’s say, which will ensure full-cycle production, this plant was also tasked with overloading with production so that the equipment would not fail, and i hope that

we will cope with this task, well, many, i think , listening to you now, are saying, well, the vaccine, the flu, well, the flu, we are already so ready for this are you used to the flu, but is the flu itself still dangerous? the flu is dangerous, it was dangerous for many centuries, millennia before, and will remain dangerous throughout. maybe even millions of years, why? because the virus itself circulates in the population of almost all animals, the main carriers, let's say, spreaders of the virus throughout the globe are migratory birds, that is, they fly thousands of kilometers, they spread not only the influenza virus, but also other, let's say, infections, along the way they, let's say, contaminate water bodies and this is how various pathogens spread throughout the globe, this is normal, this is a natural process. no matter how you don’t need to be afraid of it, let’s say, but nevertheless, these are risks of spreading the infection. the greatest danger of influenza arises when

when the so-called pandemic strains appear, which have not previously been found in the human population and are capable of being transmitted from person to person at high speed, without encountering much resistance, the last pandemic we had, this is the ninth, tenth year, the so-called swine flu, and that was really a big problem, unlike seasonal flu, with pandemic variants, as a rule, for... young people are at particular risk, pregnant women, that’s exactly why vaccination is very relevant, because from the onset of symptoms of pandemic influenza, new variants, to the unfavorable outcome of the disease, only a day or two can pass and, accordingly , no medicines simply will help in reality, the question is when there will be a pandemic, that is, it will happen when unfortunately, we are not yet able to predict such things, but when developing our flu vaccine, these are all the nuances, as i understand it, our

flu vaccine will take into account the strains that are recommended who for this season, that is, we will say so, we will not particularly stand out in this regard, but in the long term, this is precisely the creation of a universal vaccine, that is, a vaccine that will provide immunity against a wide variety of variants of the pathogen, such work, well, we are planning to start next year , i won’t talk about the timing here, for now... this is purely scientific , let’s say, work, but nevertheless, i’ll say it carefully, even five years and maybe it will still happen will come into practice, and as for the raw materials in domestic vaccines, it too domestically, you know, completely, of course, not domestically, because the creation of a vaccine and its production uses a huge number of different reagents, which cannot be produced at the moment on the territory of belarus, and probably not advisable, we are a relatively small country yet there is an opportunity to purchase, let’s say, in china , for example, why not, but if such a task is set, then of course, we will be able

to carry out maximum import substitution, but again within a few years, the main expensive reagents in production are serum-free nutrient media for cell cultures on which the virus is grown; in fact, if such media are developed, then import substitution will be very large. besides the fact that you are developing vaccines at your center, what other areas of work are there and what is in the future? in addition to the flu vaccine, i also developed a universal platform based on odinaviruses, that is, well, these are vaccines against - covid-19 based on odinaviruses, you all have them you know, great, on this same platform you can create a vaccine against a wide variety of diseases, both for medicine and veterinary medicine, including, so now work is already underway to create such a platform, when the platform is ready, we will make various vaccines based on it, in addition, they began to study the issue of creating a vaccine against the human papillomavirus, which is also a very big problem, the human papillomavirus causes a disease such as cervical cancer, the problem is common and there are

vaccines that help the disease avert. there are two vaccines now, but their cost is extremely high. accordingly , we plan that the belarusian vaccine will cost much less. if we include this belarusian vaccine in the vaccination calendar and fully cover, let’s say, the population, these are teenagers, then of course we will get a huge, let’s say, social effect. i heard something else about antiviral drugs, is it possible to go into more detail, right? we heard that at this stage work is being carried out on , so to speak, the design of antiviral drugs anti-flu remedies. there are employees at the institute who have long been involved in the development of medicines, and this is precisely the new task - the creation of new inhibitors of the activity of the virus, and this work has now been successfully carried out. we hope that perhaps in a year we will synthesize these drugs, test them depending on the results... then perhaps we will move on to clinical trials, it is clear that the creation of a drug is a rather

long stage, the clinical trials themselves will take a lot of time, but nevertheless, if you manage to create new medicines like this, it will be , well, let’s say, a breakthrough, a big help for healthcare, thank you very much, i wish you and your colleagues good luck and have almost no doubt that everything will work out, because that this is all for our health, thank you, and we continue to understand a variety of viruses ; enterviruses are next in line; who and why do they attack, our correspondents are ready to tell. not only muscles, but also the brain need constant training. at first glance, it might it may seem that intelligence and erudition are far from sports, but we will prove that this is not at all the case. the lexicon of which sport belongs to the term “jep”, martial arts, martial arts, of course, jep is a blow, let’s say, with the front hand. we connected logic and

answered the question correctly. according to the rules of the game, participants must go through four periods answering. to not the easiest questions. this device can be used in several sports. name at least one of them. i'm guessing it's a shooting. this is the wrong answer. centenary anniversary it is celebrated not from the day of the first olympic games, but from the day of the formation of the international olympic committee. here is a question, let’s say, with a trick. who will prove that he is the main sports expert of the country. whoever scores the most points at the end of the game will be the winner. nazar takes the lead, and this is perhaps the main event of the second round, the fourth period, friends, the culmination, the denouement of our project, watch the intellectual and assortative show, head games on our tv channel, the adventures of foreigners in belarus, me sava, what's going on here, be careful, the village, so to speak, is a tourist village, the residents

here are not permanent, but here everything is, yes , hello, hello, we are trying to do everything at home... i want to live in the village, i will build my city there, a tourist one city, i will live there, here you eat, please, bon appetit, only for one, this is only for one, you know that in my country i only saw this on a candy or on a toad, but i haven’t tried it in real life, i’ll go further, i need something, he’s happy to talk about the most colorful places in the country, i would stay here, of course, good work and food, i’m glad when i listen to belorskaya music, i have no words, when i feel it then it just burns inside, look at the travel project white dew on tv channel belarus 24.

enterovirus infection is called this is exactly the case, since the multiplication of viral cells occurs in the intestines, but it gives symptoms of gastrointestinal tract disorders only in 20% of cases. adults suffer from this infection quite easily; children have a much more severe infection; this disease occurs in children. more often than their parents. anteroviral infection belongs to the category of viral infections, the course is very diverse, the clinical symptoms of interraviral infection are different, and it is always difficult to accurately diagnose that it is an enteroviral infection on the first day of examination of the child.

since the course of enterovirus infection has a variety of clinical symptoms. in young children it occurs in one clinical picture, in older children in a different clinical picture, it can be a complicated course, an uncomplicated course, adults also get sick, but they were sick in a milder form; young children are always more seriously ill, but they recover faster than older children and adults. the most common clinical symptom in children is fever, it lasts about 3 days and is quite typical for an intravirus... the picture is a rash, this fever is often accompanied by vesicular phrenitis, that is, the doctor looked at the child, assessed the condition of the complaint, examined zev and sees a typical rash, which is called, possibly herpangina, small vesicles, on the nose, on the soft palate, and he can tell your mother that you have an enterovirus infection.

another type of enterovirus infection is also a rash in the mouth, arm, leg, when there are rashes on the palms of the hands, on the feet, also in the mucous membrane of the mouth, around the mouth, and is also accompanied by high fever, this is also a manifestation of an interovirus infection, and in children a slight intestinal upset may occur , all viral infections in children, even influenza, parainfluenza, can occur with tiara syndrome, therefore, when examining patients, the doctor always clarifies clinical manifestations, what complaints the patient has, ranging from fever, loss of appetite, intoxication syndrome, poor health, refusal to eat, and if the patient says that he is not eating well, the question immediately automatically arises, what kind of stool does the patient have, even stool liquefaction against the background of the disease, that is, unstable

stool, abdominal pain, may already suggest that the patient has an enterovirus infection, the percentage of intestinal infections may be 20-30% with enterovirus infection, often these children end up in a children's surgical center with severe abdominal pain, at the beginning the phenomena... venita, then loose stools and loose stools appear, they end up in the children's infectious diseases hospital and an entervirus infection is already confirmed there. treatment in a hospital may also be necessary for small patients who have symptoms that, at first glance, are completely uncharacteristic of interraviruses that are known in everyday life. well, the complicated course of interoviral infection, which is less common lately, is... viral meningitis, enteroviral myocarditis,

enteroviral mysodenitis, district pediatricians refer these children to inpatient treatment, then the diagnosis of enteroviral infection is confirmed, but in 70%, even more, enteroviral infections are treated on an outpatient basis, but interravirus infection is more often treated if it occurs in a mild form at home, by drinking plenty of fluids. the best drink we ask parents, what does your child want to drink and what does he like to drink, all parents answer water, plain water, boiled water, drinking water, it is the best remedy for any infection, no need to drink juices, give children a drink, give them dairy products, the children themselves choose what they want to drink, there is no specific treatment for this infection. this will be a category of viral infections and the treatment of all viral infections is symptomatic and depends on the severity of the disease, if

the disease is mild, then usually temperature control, drinking regime, the child should drink enough, parents need to monitor the child’s condition if his temperature is not above 38.5°, he is active, does not eat, refuses and drinks enough amount of water, then there is no need to give fat-reducing drugs, the child is active, he will cope with this fever, and even if the temperature appears up to 39, 39.5, then it is well controlled by antipyretic drugs, and this should not cause anxiety in parents, but if it happens recurrent course, that is, the child’s condition has improved, everything is fine, everything is not bad, and then again, well... a rise in temperature, then a follow-up examination by a doctor in order to correct the treatment, well , if the fever is accompanied by severe

myalgia, the child feels unwell, then the child needs to be helped symptomatically by giving antipyretics, standard paracetam or ibuprofen, which is used in pediatric practice, everything and monitoring the child’s well-being, if the child’s condition worsens, if the child is lethargic, drinks poorly, this is an indication for hospitalization. all complicated enteroviral infections are sent for inpatient treatment for examination, correction and treatment, the exclusion of complications already complements treatment according to the clinical course of the disease. and the routes of transmission of interravirus infection diverse? this is an oral method of transmission of infection and an inhalation method for coughing; with a runny nose, there can also be a flu-like syndrome of an enterovirus infection, this is also a transmission

of a viral infection, it persists on the surface for a long time, this virus is very stable, therefore, by contact there can also be a transmission of an enterovirus infection, therefore the most the best way to protect yourself and your children from such an infection is frequent hand washing and high-quality wet cleaning of the premises where children are, vaccines against enteroviruses infections have not yet been invented, and it can only be diagnosed by examining stool, in small children, a little older, it may manifest itself as intestinal syndrome, then slight diarrhea appears, this is the only method when we can diagnose an enterovirus infection if we test stool for a viral infection ... infection, then you can find out which virus caused this disease in a child, so pediatricians, as a rule

, make a diagnosis of entervirus infection only based on the onset of clinical symptoms. most common the clinical symptom is fever, fever is called a minor illness, fever lasts 1-3 days, but it has specific symptoms. but in any case, even if the child feels well, but the temperature rises and manifests itself, it is better to consult a doctor to exclude the possibility of another disease. in the book pandemic by the french writer frank tellier there are such lines. it is not so much the aggressiveness of the virus that kills, but the uncertainty, multiplied by the panic and fear that it generates among the population. in our program today we have tried to minimize the likelihood of you developing fear and panic, known as viruses. answering the most pressing

questions regarding... we dare to hope that we , together with scientists, have mastered this topic and once again proved that science is nearby in this topic. quite successful projects are ahead, because we are just beginning to develop these active relationships, we have a large number of investors coming to us, we have great interest from our manufacturers, where they periodically go for negotiations, specifically to the people's republic of china, probably one of the leading ones is, uh, the creation of a belarusian industry park, we, as participants , will be present in this park, this is the city:

we signed a memorandum of cooperation with the company that created this park, this will be one of the leading platforms from where we we will distribute belarusian and vitebsk goods, i think this is such a center , a growth point in the people's republic of china, of our exports, which we want to use as much as possible, and not only in the sale of goods, but somewhere our some delights there produce, provide food services and some restaurants, this is probably one of the most recent, most promising projects that we are currently developing, well, in addition to economics, what other areas of cooperation are you developing with china? in addition to economic ones, we are focusing traditionally for, of course, the educational

segment, for the scientific segment, for communication specifically in the cultural sphere, realizing that by doing so we are laying a solid foundation for some of our future successful economic projects, if maybe two years ago we were active only in the field of student education, university education and were just getting started on some kind of joint scientific developments and research, now we are more active and... not only in universities, but in schools , in preschool education, we are exploring the possibility of implementing some projects in the biotnological direction, in the it field, that is, i understand that those children who are growing up, who are just getting their first experience, are getting their profession, or maybe even just choose it, they, in communication with their colleagues from china , will lay a solid foundation precisely on a personal

level, which will contribute to the development of various caliber of projects in the future, so we are very actively working with three provinces in these areas, in in the sphere of education, science, cultural exchange, well, exhibitions like this, they once again give impetus to the development of informal communication and, not only commercially, but to understanding each other’s mentality and culture, which only... increases efficiency the following economic projects. what other areas of growth do you see in cooperation with china in general, what are the prospects? the prospects are enormous due to the fact that the market is very large in china, the market is large, and for us, for our economy, i think it is even too large, so all the goods we produce can be successfully sold by us in the chinese people's market. we

are also working on this in order to use it all more efficiently, but you already know, it is gratifying to note that all negotiations, all projects go beyond the scope of sales and purchases something, that is, we are moving to the next level - this is the exchange of technologies, assistance in refining technologies, assistance in some research, assistance in developing new ones...