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he walks carefully, with the gait of a hunter stalking a girl, his wet clothes sticking to his body. the movement is constrained, but he moves forward non-stop, delving deeper into the forest thicket, the man goes on the hunt for a dangerous ferocious beast, a fascist beast that is tormenting our native land. there, in the forest, he will meet people’s avengers like him for shed tears and shed blood. during the great patriotic war, belarus

lost every third inhabitant, but even drenched in the blood of millions of people, plundered and the half-destroyed country did not give up... the people did not bow their heads. the terrible war on the territory of our country lasted 3 years, one month and 6 days. during this time , belarus, occupied by the nazis, became the place where the largest partisan movement in europe developed. we are a partisan republic, we must remember and know the feat that we accomplished behind german lines. partisan theme. movement, despite the fact that it was probably studied a lot during the soviet period and continues to be studied now, in fact, of course, far from being studied, and some aspects of the partisan movement, partisan struggle, they certainly require additional

research, taking into account the fact that for a long time archival documents were closed to researchers, only in the nineties did the general public have the opportunity to study these... the most difficult memory, well , dear, my war, it’s very scary, a whole lot of people rose up to defend themselves, factory workers, college and technical school students, the younger generation of schools, nearby trees that are not working, well, many went into the army, but our large family, which consisted of nine people, also joined the fight, with

active resistance, the invaders in belarus faced from the first days of the war, according to official data, about 374 of this number were belarusians by nationality, in this case i am not by no means am i trying to exaggerate the role of the belarusians there or somehow usurp our participation, because it was an international soviet partisan movement, and here on the territory of occupied belarus, together with our fellow countrymen in the forests, representatives more than 50 nationalities, but the basis of the partisan movement that was here in the occupied territory of belarus was made up of local personnel. for more than 10 years i have been working only with the fund of the belarusian headquarters of the partisan movement, and still almost every day you find new interesting facts,

new interesting documents. literally from the first days of the beginning of the great patriotic war, the entire leadership of the soviet union emphasized what was necessary in the rear of the german troops. partisan movement. the first partisans the detachments were scattered and did not receive specific instructions. a large number of partisan detachments were formed from the encirclement, from those parts of the red army that found themselves encircled, were defeated and remained in small groups in the occupied territory, so they, being these military people with experience in combat operations, they became one of those organizing forces around which the first partisans began to form. squad. on june 29, 1941 , a secret decree of the central committee of the all-union communist party of belarus and the council of people's commissars of the ussr was issued on the creation of partisan detachments. on july 18 of the same year, a secret decree on fighting behind enemy lines was laid down, so to speak, the legal framework

regulating the creation of the first partisan detachments was laid. in the summer of 1942, the red army suffered a heavy defeat near kharkov, and the path to the volga to the northern caucasus was actually opened. it was then that for the first time the thought was heard in the order of the supreme commander-in-chief: the partisan movement is an important factor in this war. the period of consolidation of partisan formations has arrived. the position that it is precisely the emphasis that must be placed on local people and local personnel. and this is a reserve that , if properly used, can become a very powerful force in the partisan movement. there were great discussions about the experience that, as the partisan commanders described, the result of this meeting was to accept. very important document. on september 9, 1942

, the belarusian headquarters of the partisan movement was created. by the time the belarusian headquarters of the partisan movement was created , 305 partisan detachments were operating on the territory of the bssr, numbering 32,938 partisans and 8,237 hidden reserve people. the resolution on the formation of the belarusian headquarters of the partisan movement indicated the following points: point one: in order to strengthen communication and leadership of partisan detachments in belarus and further develop the movement, to form a belarusian headquarters of the partisan movement. point two: subordinate the belarusian headquarters to the central headquarters of the partisan movement. and point three: appoint him as chief: kalininan pyotr zakharovich. in the history

of belarus, pyotr zakharovich kalinin entered as prominent party, state and military figure. one of the organizers and leaders of the anti-fascist underground and partisan movement in belarus in 1941-1944. his small homeland is the village of alkhovy. leskovichi region, vitebsk district, vitebsk province, now shumilinsky district. here on january 25, 1902, in the family of zakhar kalinin, his life began . today we know about the outstanding partisan commander, about that hot time when he had the opportunity to show his best human and civic qualities much. the descendants of the heroic ancestor are already. for several years he has been preparing materials for a book of his grandfather’s memoirs. grandfather talked

about their war, how he sent them to the partisans, how he received them, how they sent planes, how they loaded them, all this was through him, he told us, his grandchildren, so many things, precisely in memory of that what he didn’t say later, then you have to talk about what we did then, well, they were great people, i want to say that if i’m a little bit like him in some way, in some way, then this is already a dignity, the grandson of the head belarusian partisans throughout his life try to carry his name with dignity, i was always told, remember, you are named after pyotr zakharovich kalinin, you should be like him, deputy chairman of the international martial arts federation pyotr kalinin, tries to pass on everything he put in into him, my grandfather from generation to generation, i remember my grandfather, he very seriously

taught us how to use weapons, for example, he had two pistols, i still remember them, walter ppk, so small, two pistols, it’s like makarov, only even smaller, and he taught us, which means mastery of this weapon, i can still, with my eyes closed , disassemble, assemble, shoot, anything. he taught us hand-to-hand combat, so everyone asks me where you’re from - that’s where you started doing karate, hand-to-hand combat, and so on, well, many, uh, i’m a master of sports in four types of martial arts, as i remember now, he showed me these all the elements, i really liked it, my brother and i, so to speak, used it all, beat each other bumps to a friend, uh , that’s where it probably came from, he said that you guys should be courageous and strong to stand up for yourself, for your homeland, if necessary, during the war, in

1941, he was a member of the military council of the army and poditebsk was wounded , a serious wound to the head, so i remember that even now he was tormented by headaches, that is, he came home, constantly took pills, because he had a shrapnel wound to the head and the concussion was very serious, so after that, in the forty-second year, he was appointed... already appointed chief belarusian headquarters of the protsenat movement. the organization of the headquarters began in the twentieth of september, and already on october 2, 1942, it began work. the solution to the personnel issue was one of the first places in the organization of the belarusian headquarters of the partisan movement, but we can say that, in principle, through joint efforts, this issue was resolved by the end of the forty -second year, the main positions, the main vacancies, the main positions in the headquarters were

staffed with qualified personnel who actually had both experience and relevant theoretical and practical knowledge in the organization of the partisan movement. at the beginning, the headquarters consisted of six departments of three branches. its first staff was approved in the amount of 130 people. there, a radio center, a partisan training school and a special- purpose sabotage brigade were created as independent structural units. in autumn. a plan for the development of the partisan movement and the actions of partisan detachments was prepared. the partisans were already given specific tasks: development of the movement, penetration into cities, strengthening sabotage in industry, the planting of sabotage and intelligence agents in cities, the destruction of german officers and officials, increased sabotage on

railways, the destruction of trains, bridges, expansion of the radio communication network, as well as ... distribution of printed propaganda products, that is, a fairly wide range of tasks, which the headquarters had to solve throughout its entire existence, in the forty-second year, the headquarters faced incredibly difficult conditions, when there was a personnel shortage and there was still a lack of work experience, after all managed to resolve most of these issues, already from the forty-second year, they are actively beginning to establish communications with the mainland, and the partisans, that is , airplanes and flights are actively starting to fly, much attention is paid to the creation of sites, partisan airfields, in order to increase the throughput capacity of this here transport aviation, partisan formations began to receive individual instructions,

established continuous surveillance of highways and railways, each brigade and individual... detachment were assigned areas where military operations are located. an important place in the work of the headquarters was occupied by the management of the intelligence activities of partisan formations. from the memoirs of pyotr kalinin, he truly understood what intelligence was when he became the chief of the belarusian headquarters of the partisan movement. here i became convinced for the first time that in some delicate, difficult and responsible matter, the population of the occupied territories, especially the youth, actively helped the intelligence officers. i remember how he said that the boys were children, there, you know,

there were children in the partisan detachment, that’s his sent on reconnaissance missions. and he said that we understood that you can’t use a child, you know, he’s 10 years old, 12 years old, he can’t be a scout, but he asked and we were forced to send him, because the germans treated them more like - it’s freer this way, we younger generations helped, i was thirteen years old, and i was in mogilev in my own house when the bombing began, everyone here... they were shooting in tears, bombing, everyone was running into the forest, well, including number, number and children, of course, everyone who was at home also fled into the forest, with tears in my eyes, this was the most terrible thing, there was an action, it was necessary to pass

on information to the partisans, and such a close person who was hugging... between two railways and i along the railway reached station number one , went to see my sister, well, naturally, all the information from the nazis had already been collected there. where they settled down about their equipment, well , verochka prepared it and prepared the members who worked in this canteen.

at the partisan camp named after osman kasaev, where i was met, i gave and got everything information about the location of the fascists, they thanked me, escorted me back, and so until the forty -third year i carried out underground work and was a liaison, especially young people helped the partisans, in particular the headquarters, and this is the most amazing thing, because my peers, children who are 13, were ready to give their lives, and these were not only old people who had nothing to lose, they were ready for the sake of the next generations to sacrifice themselves, but also

children took risks, got involved with the red army, it seems to me that this is basically connected with the atrocities that occurred on the territory of belarus, in particular in the soviet union as a whole, children saw how... their parents were killed, how their compatriots were killed, seeing this, it seems to me, they could not stay in the country, especially those children who lost their family, they wanted, maybe it was wrong, but still, to take revenge, and they had nothing to lose, you can imagine, i had courage, courage only because all the members of our family fought and carried out tasks and looking on the...

carry out the tasks that were assigned to me, i carried them out with pleasure , i had no burden at all, especially since my older brother vasily was a scout near kininsberg, and most importantly, a funeral took place on april 15, 1940, and he always wrote letters and spoke and wrote: take care of the armored car, this is me, because we have already rubbed our faith, and i fight the fascists, i kill the fascists for my own sister for our homeland, well

, that’s how i wanted to fulfill this desire, so that i could ordered, this is the case i told him that one boy took a mine from the detachment without asking, so he took the mine and went to the germans and planted it somewhere, which means he blew up a tank or something, a carriage there, well , i don’t remember what that moment was, it was amazing movement, boys and girls did not wait for adults to call them, they began to act from the first days of the occupation, they took mortal risks, and many others also began to act at their own risk, someone found

leaflets scattered from airplanes and distributed them in their regional center or village . pavlik tetov for his friends eleven was a great conspirator. he fought as a partisan for more than two years without even his parents knowing about it. first, pavlik and his comrades rescued a wounded soviet commander who was burned in a burnt tank, found a reliable shelter for him, and at night they brought him food, water, and made some medicinal decoctions according to his grandmother’s recipes. thanks to the boys, the tanker quickly recovered. pavlik was generally a cunning guy; he once brought

a bale of fascist weapons as a partisan. uniform, which he got right from under the noses of the fritzes while they were bathing in river. more than once, having changed into the uniform obtained by the boy, the partisans carried out daring raids of the operation. the boy died in the fall of 1943. not in battle. the germans carried out another punitive operation. pavlik and his parents were hiding in a dugout, the punisher shot his entire family and even his little sister, and buried the hero in a mass grave.

never before in history have partisans been used on such a scale to conduct intelligence activities as during the great patriotic war. partisan intelligence was an important reliable source obtaining the necessary information, including about what is happening in the temporarily occupied territory of our country. information flowed into the belarusian headquarters of the partisan movement from approximately 1,200 intelligence officers and about 19 liaison officers; in many ways, they related to the regime established by the enemy, as well as the crimes of the nazis and their accomplices. the german occupiers saw the partisan movement as a convenient reason for implementing a plan to clear the occupied lands of local residents. hitler himself suggested this idea. at a meeting in july 1941, he emphasized

that guerrilla warfare makes it possible to destroy everything that rebels against the german army. the nazis did not spare belarusians of any age. in the area of ​​the village of gorky, bitebsk region, on march 23, 1943, partisans discovered two mountains of corpses, mostly children and youth. a total of 137 civilians, including children. from 3 to 6 years old, in the notes of the partisans transferred to the headquarters, the indicated number of burned houses in different villages is hundreds, the number of killed residents is many thousands, i asked him, how are the partisans in general? said that the partisans had their own rules , their own responsibilities, for example, the partisans could not stay in the village, this was prohibited, because if the germans found there some evidence that

the partisans... were in this village, they they burned it, so the partisans said: we were hungry, we drank swamp water there, that means we somehow found a dead horse there with these maggots right there, that is, it was all rotten, and there was nothing left to do but eat it, you know, here, but they didn’t go to the village, because it was impossible to harm people, by the time belarus was liberated from the german invaders, there were... 373,942 people in the ranks of the partisans, of which 194,708 joined units of the red army. during the great patriotic war, 45,242 women fought in partisan detachments and brigades. as a result of the work done, the belarusian headquarters of the partisan movement unconditionally became the true leader

of the partisan movement. to the public, you and i are in the grodno school, and school number five, in november 2022, secondary school number five of the city of grodno were given the honorary name of pyotr zakharovich kalinin, this was preceded by a half-century history, and if we talk about the fact that since the eighty-fourth year the school had a memorial room named after pyotr zakharovich, which in 2006 became a memorial museum, then for the last 5 years the school confidently - she was striving to bear this title, this name with dignity. kalinin himself stated that he had no experience in creating a headquarters; he had never been a boss before, uh, but he admitted that he had it turns out, and i believe, that this is also due to the fact that he was a man of the people and with the same simple person, like the partisans who wanted to protect their it,

he shared this feeling with them, and i think i wanted to help them with all my heart, which is why i put enormous efforts into helping the partisans in their struggle, the children of war are not cut off, those who lost their father, mother, brother, sister, and grieved, and were in poverty, took a rifle from their hand, and were many years old, sons of fathers and daughters of victories, but as fighters they were equal, even though we were boys, we grew up beyond our years, in the midst of trouble, in the midst of war for those relatives who were not there, the light of victory burned in our hearts.

every day i come to work wearing my white coat, and when i help my patients, i try to preserve them, their family, their health for peace and creation. since childhood, i decided to become a doctor and i played with dolls, i always had a hospital, my parents... well, they dreamed of having someone in their family with a higher medical education, but they never voiced this, i probably fully decided in the ninth grade, that i want to be a medical worker , a doctor, well, my parents fully

supported me and gave me the education that i wanted, well, i’ve been a doctor for 20 years, i’m proud of my profession, i’ve never regretted that i became a doctor, it’s close to me ... therapy was to my liking, i like the diagnostic search , and why exactly do i work at the station, because well, in the hospital, at the hospital a person came, you examined him, you treated him, gave a recommendation, left, after all, at the station, much more interesting, the diagnostic search begins from the primary educational level, they they come back to us, that is, we see the results of our work, namely the achievements in our work. the patient’s gratitude if we helped him, his smile, his trust in the future, well, this means a lot. medicine always keeps up with the times, that is, new modern technologies appear, they also appear in medicine, protocols,

medications change, they become more accessible to our patients, our belarusian pharmacology is developing, if now, in principle, the entire list of medications... the drugs are produced by our belarusian pharmacy, but we have modern diagnostic methods and are available to the general population, ic, and mri, and akg, diagnostics are now at their best, our medical education, i think, is generally of the highest quality, better than in other countries. first of all, the doctor should have compassion, if you are yourself... you will be more inspired, there will be no cynicism, you will be more devoted to helping the patient, this is the first and second thing, well, after all, we must be kind, a kind person, he is more open, natural

patients open up to you, we must, at least with our souls, devote ourselves to work here, and then everything else. club of editors , when you say belarus all over the world, they say lukashenko, what is associated with the image of our president, independence, sovereignty, justice, why such violent attacks are made on belarusian sovereignty, on belarusian sovereign policy, on our nuclear project, but are not needed by the european union and the united states of america complex, sovereign countries and economies. today , dehumanization is happening before our eyes and dehumanization. people who taught how to value human life are themselves committing a horrific crime today, the worst thing is when children die, i am now