first attempts to create a gemstone. the world's first peach diamonds were grown by belarusian scientists and how emeralds are created at the scientific and practical center for materials science of the country's academy of sciences will be included in the program very soon. one of the issues of alchemy, which, by the way, became the basis of chemistry, was the search for a magical manufacturing formula. artificial precious stones, but then in the 7th century bc, alchemists naturally came to nothing; it was not magic that helped, but science. let's look at the history of the issue in detail directly now. the first stone, artificially grown, but outwardly completely replicating the natural one, was ruby. he created it in 1857.

the world saw the first artificial diamond. in 1939, the soviet scientist ovsey leypunsky, in the process of lengthy laboratory work, deduced the main conditions for creating artificial diamonds. the pressure is at least 60 thousand atmospheres and the temperature is 1227°. and one more important point, the process must. pass through molten metal. two decades later , in the ussr, usa and sweden, scientists identified two main technologies that use and today. the german scientist espig succeeded in synthesizing another artificial emerald stone for the first time in 1935. although research on this topic has been conducted since the second half of the 19th century. home of the first cultured pearls.

moreover, the chinese kept the secret of its creation for a very long time, in 1890 the technology became known to the japanese, it is called cultivation and requires a lot of time, manually a grain of mother-of-pearl is placed in a piece of adipose tissue of one mollusk, and then in the mantle of another. in belarus has its own school. on growing diamonds, and they are created by scientists at the scientific and practical center for materials science of the academy of sciences of belarus in a variety of colors, we’ll talk about this now with the deputy director of the center oleg vladimirovich, hello, hello, first tell me if it’s possible for a non-specialist to distinguish such beauty from natural stones ? usually it should be some kind of wizard just imak, because sometimes even specialists cannot distinguish themselves. from nature,

even with the help of some instrumental methods, synthetic stones, they are quite close in their characteristics to natural ones, so here are all the myths that exist, that if you put it in a glass of water, if you hold it in your hand, we conducted experiments and how many people have so many opinions, someone says i see, someone says i don’t see it, so if someone is going to buy a diamond or diamond, i wouldn’t risk it, because after it is inserted into the product, it can be determined whether it is natural or...

moved on, our specialists here have grown up, grown up, here we have it little by little the direction is developing, can you tell us a little about the technology itself, so that it is clear, well , naturally, without revealing any secrets, the dream of mankind in this direction is to obtain diamonds without pressure, because now this technology of pressure and temperatures, it adapts everything that people do it under natural conditions, that is, in nature there is a source of carbon in the earth’s crust.

there are some impurities, catalysts, and , accordingly, there is pressure, accordingly , diamond crystals are formed there, in the same way we make diamonds, that is, we have the source is... inferior, but probably, after all, behind this are diamonds from the gas phase, while they are still the material of the future, at least in terms of technology, definitely, because if now i’m growing a world record.

these are different colors, this is how we manage to achieve such different shades, and of course, we will talk separately about another exhibit here, but about it a little later. our standard base color is cognac, that is, it is a single crystal after growth, that is, it is formed in this type of pyramid, we can grow cognac, yellow or colorless. in installations of a larger volume, you can already grow stones like this... that is, these are 3-4 carats there with a more complex shape, that is, the smaller the volume, the more confidently you can control the process and, accordingly , the shape, the larger the stone, the the more it spreads, as they say, and accordingly its shape becomes , depending on your luck, this stone was initially

colorless, but it has its own defects, its own impurities, playing with the defects, with the defective structure, that is, additionally imparting pressure... by giving it chemical influences, we change its color, that is , not dyes, yes, as we might think, chemical sometimes, yes, that is, if we initially, what is called the initial mixture , make it as needed for a certain colors, at least for yellow, for root, then we get light, everything that we cannot grow yet, there is such a post-forming operation, that is, a change in color after synthesis, well, this is what happens. the stone after irradiation, it became bluish, that is, later from it it is assumed that we will get our unique color, peach, let’s talk about it in more detail, this is the same one, there is nothing like it anywhere else in the world, that’s right, yes, there is nothing like it anywhere else in the world, many experts

who looked at it argued , what is it, after all, is it beige, champagne or pink, in the end our specialist said that it was peach. that’s all, and after that a brand came up that the peach diamond was from belarus, well, this one is the first, the only one so far, yes, yes, this is the first and only one so far, that is, in the future, from this stone will be the same, there will be a cut , there will be additional processing , that is, now we will try to develop a series, that is , you are playing around with colors, yes, we are playing around with flowers, that is, we have blue, pink options, well, it turns out, this one that's cognac color, yeah.

that is, we need white diamonds , a fairly large number of specialists, including with the help of instrumental methods , cannot distinguish our diamonds from natural ones, and well, there is a field for scammers, there is also one gorgeous color of stones, the color green, i say, of course, now we’re talking about emeralds, and my colleagues have studied the assortment and are ready to show it to us, let’s see the plot. are you ready for an exciting adventure through the cities of belarus? on the banks of one of the cleanest rivers in europe and in the second most honorable city of belarus. gomel. on rohachovo the borders of three lands met. the lands of drygovich,

razimic and krivich, and then the principalities of smalensk, chernigov and the turvopin principality. unique architectural monuments await you. famous russian art critic. georgy lukomsky, visiting the palace in 1913 wrote: “this is one of the richest estates of the russian empire. and the most interesting, historical facts. queen. the main enterprise of our country, there are a number of blocking positions, an automatic control system stops

the workshop if there are any deviations in the work of the workshop, we maintain one hundred percent control, so that these products comply technically, regulatory and legal acts , correspond to the sample standard, we know the history of the development of production, production in thalioma hydrida no longer exists in belarus. in 1974, the management adopted the decision, as they say, to build and launch this workshop, 70-80% of our products are exported, and of course, let's talk about the achievements and results of the work, the difference between our equipment is that they have very large capabilities, this is knitting in a regular way, these are wide resources, we are the only enterprise on the market:

watch on the belarus24 tv channel. our film crew did not get into the laboratory for growing emeralds in the scientific and practical center for materials science; it turned out that there was no one there except the scientists themselves are not allowed in, it’s a trade secret after all. we started growing single crystals of emerald somewhere at the end of the last millennium, the technology was developed for about 5 years, we are not pioneers here, let’s say, it...

emerald today is in trend to buy laboratory-grown stones, natural stones often do not reach the wide market at all . emerald is one of the exceptions among precious stones; in it, the first place in price is the color, and not the defectiveness of the crystals, well, up to a certain limit, of course, therefore perfect emerald crystals, they never reach the market.

as for the color of emeralds, it can only be in two versions: pure green and with a slightly bluish tint, this very weak bluish-green, this is the one we grow, it is also called colombian, and the pure green is zombie, this one is more valuable . let's say, an emerald with a very slightly bluish tint, it is among,

let's say, grown stones made in a laboratory, it is also valued much more, somewhere, let's say, by 60 percent. emeralds belong to the beryl group of minerals, among which there is a beautiful red one, which is also grown by scientists in the scientific and practical center for materials. only in one state of utah in the usa, the largest stone that was made from it, in the sense of a jewelry rate, is 0.9 carats and it is valued at about $50,000 per carat, that is, five times more expensive than a diamond. these are the analogues we are currently making.

it takes at least 3 months to grow a stone of a color that bewitches the human eye. the process of growing with a volume of, let's say, a siegl, that is, a glass for growing, it has a volume of about 2.5 liters, it takes about 3 months, in america they were grown from a large crucible, there the volume is about 20 liters, there it was grown for about a year, naturally the crystals are larger there.

then most often they take on their classic appearance, the so-called step cut, most often square or rectangular in shape, with slightly truncated corners. you are watching the science project nearby, don’t miss it in the final part of the program. not only for jewelry craftsmen, where they also use artificial diamonds are in our country. from donkey to johann. who buys belarusian diamonds and how natural precious stones are processed, a great report from a domestic jewelry factory. we will introduce you to belarusians who deliberately exchanged the city for

the village; for about 10 years it was just a country house. and one fine day we just arrived in minsk in winter.

to independent life. the health of children is they are dedicated to their work, special children need us, our task is to prepare them for the health of the nation, we all worry about our children , we make every effort to ensure that the food is of high quality, safe and that children like, we are ready to share knowledge, the child’s speech is at the tips of his fingers and... the more often the more children engage tactilely with any aids or objects, the easier it is for them to assimilate some or material, show one day from your life, it is better to put marmalade or fruit, well, of course fruit is better, an approximate menu according to established standards is enough to be developed twice a year, taking into

account seasonality, a teacher-speech pathologist together sits with a child at the mirror and shows... articulation gymnastics, the child, looking in the mirror, sees himself, the teacher, watch on the belarus 24 tv channel, oleg vladimirovich. let's return to diamonds, where do our diamonds go first, well, besides the fact that they are naturally presented on the domestic market? our diamonds have been noticed all over the world; the majority, of course, are bought by belarusians.

to collect this entire area, that is, he now occupies 95% of the market for synthetic diamonds in terms of tools, now he is trying to do the same with jewelry stones, now the price of synthetic stones , synthetic diamonds, it is significantly very low, that is, before 10 years ago it was 10% of the cost of natural, now it is only 2% of the cost of natural, wow, that is, they have become significantly cheaper, but.. .. not everything is so rosy here, because the latest news is that a number of manufacturers in china are going bankrupt, that is , they are losing everything at cost, leaving

the market, so what will happen next is difficult to say, but everyone has their own wars, there are dairy, meat, sugar, we have diamond, if we talk about areas of application, let's say this, of course, for girls, first of all, yes, this is jewelry, but our diamonds are used. there may be some shine to this beauty, maybe some , but i’ll still ask what plans you have for

unusual projects, unusual experiments, well, the peach one turned out beautiful, in principle, we have it, well, it’s possible if we separate immediate plans and long-term ones like this , that is, in the near future there are plans to move to what is called a more systematic approach, that is, now... based on diamond for quantum technology, but this the topics turn out to be very expensive and require fundamental research, that is, here belarus will in any case need

cooperation there, if not with the whole world, but at least with russia, with china for sure. well, i can only wish you good luck thank you for this beauty for a really interesting story about this beauty. thank you. with the development of scientific technologies in the field of creating artificial stones, interest in nature. did not become less of a mineral. moreover, science is also on this issue. my colleagues have already been convinced of this, having visited the famous all over the world, belarusian jewelry factory. until recently, it was believed that creating diamonds from natural diamonds was manual labor, but there are operations where not even hands, but human eyes are simply unable to see what is later attached to... a perfectly clean diamond, and therefore it’s better to entrust such operations to the device. just such the latest equipment was recently acquired by a jewelry production factory in gomel, and this equipment

allows the very first production stage to be completed immediately, what is called a clean finish. the modernization took place as part of a reduction in preparatory and physical work, which today was done directly by the cutters, people, peelers, who were involved in the preparation. diamond processing to cutting, cutting itself, that is, all the preparatory operations , which are the most complex, time-consuming, namely the participation of labor resources, here they are today, with the help of this newest equipment that we purchased, re-equipped this year, we did all this preparation , human labor was transferred to these machines, and enough we have greatly freed the human hands of the same cutters, who can additionally carry out cutting during the same time. the time that they would have been engaged in the preparatory processing of these diamonds, now they are freed up for further growth in production volumes, now after... after

modernization, the first stage of turning a natural diamond into a diamond is done by a machine, minerals are placed in it, it scans it and the computer issues it 3d model of a diamond. this is necessary in order to see the slightest defects inside the mineral, which are automatically the finished product is reduced in price, then on the 3d model, taking into account its defects , markings are drawn along which the laser will cut the diamond. determining the internal defects of stones allows you to increase the value of diamonds. mark the stone in such a way as to eliminate these internal defects, remove them during the processing of the stone, increase the cost of the diamond, a marking line is applied, after which the stone is sent to new equipment for laser sawing, where the stone is divided into two parts or into three parts, as it was already marked in progress marking the diamond, after which it goes to a new 4p installation, which allows you

to process the stone. get rid of mechanical processing operations such as sanding, turning and rough cutting. this device prepares the final cut gemstone not at 60%, as it was before, at 85, this operation takes only 5-7 minutes, while a person needs at least half a day for the same manipulations. firstly, it is processing accuracy. everything that is specified, taking into account the automation of software use.

naturally, it will be manufactured, plus the smaller the diameter, the faster in time , the requirements that are set for it, if it is a diamond of the transition group, there are some special processing conditions for it, then a person needs to spend more time on its cutting, but for labor intensity coefficients are set there. which compensate him for the time spent in monetary payment for this stone. the hands of the cutter are the last production stop of a diamond. then it ends up in a piece of jewelry, in which it will dazzle customers in the store, by the way, not only belarusians. if we are talking about diamonds, today 20% of all diamonds cut at our enterprise are supplied to the domestic market, that is, this is the domestic market, mainly for our

faithful products. 80% is now mostly the russian federation. the jewelry factory in gomel offers a variety of collections of diamond jewelry to choose from, but as the company’s employees themselves admit, the classics are still at the top. a gemstone cannot be polished without friction. also a person cannot become successful without enough. difficult attempts - the great confucius once said. if you were with us for this half hour, then you will definitely agree that scientists had a huge number of difficult attempts to recreate in laboratory conditions the beauty that nature gives us, before the world saw jewelry with artificial precious stones, which could be distinguished from natural ones in appearance difficult even for a specialist.

the song of herodim stops.