we will tell you about the progressive experience of various organizations in our country. once upon a time , this workshop was half empty compared to what it is now. 50 names of new products, this is more than ever, and in different areas we started, released. our enterprise is the only one in belarus that produces velvet-like fabric. we purchased a whole line for this, starting from knitting.

there would be a great tsud here, meeting interesting people, hello, listen, what a beautiful word shpatsiruem, and you too each in its own way, you have one national artist for everyone, and also a lot of useful and interesting information, our museum is the center of the cultural capital, a lot of events are planned, these are different exhibitions, cooperation with different museums, and how old is the museum, it is very...

in every store, cafe in a restaurant, at work, at school and even in a car, yes, yes, according to the traffic rules of belarus, it must be in every car. this is, of course, a fire extinguisher, with the help of which even a small one can cope with a fire professional rescuer, although of course.

it was not always like that, for centuries the most difficult test for people was fire, they tried to extinguish it with stones, axes, buckets, and to stop the spread of flames, they even demolished nearby houses, this is the science nearby project, my name is ekaterina beretskaya, hello, today we will find out together when the fire extinguisher came to help people in the fight against the fire element and what role science played in this, so, don't miss it in the program. barrel, box and grenade, we will study the history of the creation of the world's first fire extinguisher. what are they, modern fire extinguishers, how many are there and how do they differ from each other? and ready to fight fire. our program's correspondent put out a real fire with a fire extinguisher and now knows exactly how to do it correctly. the very first

fire extinguisher in the world was a wooden barrel, its use in the fight against the fire element was suggested by the german zachary greil somewhere in the beginning of the 16th century. the barrel was filled with 20 liters of water, equipped with a small amount of gunpowder fuse. if a fire started, the barrel was set on fire and rolled out into the flame, it exploded and extinguished the fire. and how did it appear? and even remotely similar to a modern fire extinguisher, i'll tell you right now. in 1734, in germany, the doctor fuchs suggested extinguishing fires using a glass ball with salt water. it was thrown into the flame, where the ball broke. the saxon engineer kuhn invented a fire extinguishing box, which contained a mixture of. liters and coal and, when

ignited, released a gas that prevented the spread of fire. the first such box was tested in 1846. and the first explosive powder fire extinguisher was called fire extinguisher and was invented by russian engineer naum shevtal in the second half of the 19th century. well , the first foam fire extinguisher well known to modern man was invented by russian engineer alexander lorran. the scientist conducted experiments on extinguishing burning oil for a long time and realized that the most effective way to cope with fire is to use air-mechanical foam and founded a compact fire extinguisher evrika that works on this principle. its first test. in st. petersburg in may 1905. and almost half a century later, in 1953, after 15 years complex research, japanese chemist jiro niizama synthesized an organic liquid, which is called light water. this liquid has a unique property, it is able

to extinguish a fire at any stage of combustion. the same scientist, jero niizama, in 1954 invented another type of fire extinguisher, a self-acting one. the chemist was prompted to this coating by the strongest earthquake in tokyo. ni's device was triggered automatically in case of danger without human intervention. the fire extinguisher module was filled with powder with a heat sensor, which responded to fire. belarus the latest innovative developments in the field of fire emergency rescue.

they can be of different designs, both constructive, and in principle with a different extinguishing agent, however, in the practice of a firefighter the most used are powder and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, as for powder fire extinguishers, they effectively allow you to extinguish both fires of solid, liquid and gaseous substances, and in principle electrical installations under voltage. the second most widespread suppress is carbon dioxide, that is, powder, as i understand it, there is some kind of powder inside. powder is the most universal, it does not require any - great maintenance, allows taking into account that it needs to be recharged once every 5 years, in principle it is the most common, so to speak , universal. can we say that for fire extinguishers - this is the main tool?

that's just the opposite, probably, yes, a modern firefighter is equipped with a large number of other equipment that allows him to effectively cope with a fire, and a fire extinguisher is rather a tool for... the least prepared citizen of our country, who, in principle, having discovered a fire at its initial stage using a fire extinguisher will prevent it from spreading, but at the same time, you and i must understand that when a fire is discovered , it is very important to assess your capabilities, the capabilities of the fire extinguisher, if the fire goes beyond the limits of, say, a soccer ball, then you should not use a fire extinguisher, you should call professionals who will come to a large car, they will bring with them a lot of fire extinguisher...

which causes more smoke than fire. yes or, for example, a small fire, as for those fire extinguishers that are installed, whether in shopping centers, at gas stations, we often see such large containers, there up to 400 kg and more, this is basically the same fire extinguisher, because it is a cylinder, in particular a metal container, yes, depending on the fire load from some circulating substances or materials on production or in the same shopping... centers , this is a type of a certain oppressive substance, so we can say that a firefighter, you and i in a car, in a personal one, yes, it is still the same fire extinguisher, the type may change, but at the same time its operating principle remains unchanged, i suggest that you and i, pavel vladimirovich, take a short break and watch a literally fiery

plot, my colleague decided to understand the nuances of using fire extinguishers and did it under the sensitive guidance of rescuers. a fire can occur in any office building. apartment or even at the dacha. to do this , you need to know how to use a fire extinguisher correctly. this is exactly what i have to do today to say for sure that this has been tested on myself. and we will extinguish what, according to statistics, catches fire in apartment buildings quite often. we studied the operational summary and concluded that one of the games that can occur in apartment buildings is a fire in the electrical panel. therefore, today the correspondent will have to sign a fire in the ... panel using a fire extinguisher, if you do not have one opportunities, as i have today, to practice

the rule of using a fire extinguisher not in theory but in practice, you can read a laconic memo, it describes all the stages of extinguishing, applied to the cylinder of the unit. the design of the extinguisher is quite simple, in fact, we have a cylinder, we have a pressure gauge, there is a guide pipe , which is actually on the hearth and a lever, which we will actually press in order to release the extinguishing agent from the inside. our task: to remove the seal, well, we removed it beforehand, here we got it out, yes, and pull it out this ring is for our lever to work, then later we take the lower handle, point the bell at the source of the fire, press the upper handle in order to actually emit it, try, tear off the seal, point the corpse , press the upper button, continue to extinguish until the last sparks go out. you need to react and act as quickly as possible, since carbon monoxide is released

lightning fast, a minute is enough for poisoning to occur. today i used a powder fire extinguisher, by the way, one of the most popular, it is filled with a finely dispersed composition, mainly consisting of mineral salts. this fire extinguisher is quite light, it is convenient to use for extinguishing local fires, for example, a car engine or an electric. rosary in the house. the next most popular fire extinguisher is carbon dioxide, it can already extinguish larger fires and objects under high voltage up to 1.00 v. it is filled with carbon dioxide, which is under high pressure, so the device itself is heavier, since the walls thicker. it is better to have a larger volume, this concerns not only motorists, but in principle we recommend having a fire extinguisher at home, because in any unclear situation, there will be a turner, for example , an electrical appliance, or someone at home, for example , was engaged in an open fire. for example, children, therefore all these situations can be eliminated as quickly as possible with the help of these fire extinguishers. the cost of a fire extinguisher

starts from 40 rubles. the price will depend on its volume, but in any case, rescuers advise not to save on such things, especially if the area of ​​your home is large and if you have children growing up in your home. you are watching the science nearby project and here is what else awaits. just one element, minus a lot of problems, for which a new development of engineers of the research institute of the ministry of emergency situations is needed. the rescuer's equipment fire equipment is made in belarus and is in demand abroad. and 10 times less, how it was possible to minimize forest fires in the program report very soon.

in belarus, in my opinion, there is a very rational and correct attitude to what is called law. laws must certainly be observed by everyone, but there is a nuance: the head of state, for example, once said the same thing, sometimes unlawful, a hurricane passed through belarus and it is necessary to quickly repair buildings and structures, they began. to announce procedures for selecting contractors, as a result , a contractor has not yet been selected, work has not begun. there are two ways, the one that is prescribed in the laws, this is to agree on everything with everyone, hold a tender, and so on and so forth, the one that is dictated by logic, it is raining, roofs are in people's houses no, but they bargain. this desire to put logic in emergency situations, above some papers, is one of the reasons why alexander grigorievich is a leader, and not just.

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we are talking not only about the supply of equipment, but about the creation of assembly plants with a view to selling to the entire region, while distance is not a hindrance, if there is mutual interest in equal partnership. minsk bread factories are increasing export deliveries, production lines operate 24/7. about 40 tons of high-quality fresh bread rolls off the conveyor belts daily. naturalness, original recipes, experiments with shape, packaging, also for every taste, plus full-cycle production. the pride of the capital's bakers and the so-called highlight of belarusian bread, natural sourdough. the main musical event of this summer has ended. the thirty-third festival of arts, the slavic bazaar in vitebsk has already become history. this year vasilkovy the festival broke all records. it

was attended by 7.0 people from 42 countries, half a thousand journalists covered more than. hundreds of events of the forum during the week, their work was followed by about 11 million internet users from 120 countries. news, analytics, expert comments and interesting facts. watch the program events on thursdays on the belarus 24 tv channel . if you have just joined us, i will tell you, this is the science nearby project, in scientific parts today we will analyze fire extinguishers, at the same time all the latest developments our scientists in the field of fire extinguishing. in our studio, deputy head of the research institute of fire safety and emergencies of the ministry of emergency situations in belarus, pavel vladimirovich, let

's continue, about fire extinguishers, it seems to me, we have already told everything we could, let's talk about... other, probably, equipment and tools of rescuers, fire hoses. i know that scientists from your research institute have developed a special barrel for fire hoses, tell us what it is? yes, indeed, this is not so much a unique, let's say, development, a barrel, in fact, it is the tool that is directly used to create a compact or spray jet for supply in the eyes of a fire. nozzles are used everywhere always, they can differ. they can be shut-off or non -shut-off, there can be combined nozzles, nozzles can be for supplying water, foam and any fire extinguishing agents. in our case, we are talking about the fact that our development is a combined universal nozzle that allows you to form both a compact and a spray jet, and when using a special nozzle allows you to supply low-expansion foam in the eyes of a fire.

unlike analogues used by foreign countries, our neighbors, our barrel has ... less weight and smaller dimensions, which allows us to generally increase its versatility and simplicity. what else do rescuers necessarily take with them on a call? a difficult question, in fact, because a modern fire situation is not only and not so much a fire, it is a combination of various incidents. very often with increased mobility, yes, we have a lot more cars in the country, very often firefighters go to eliminate the consequences of road. transport accidents, so in their arsenal they always have sets of various hydraulic pneumatic tools, these are tools for cutting and nippers, various gasoline tools that allow you to quickly extract the victim if this happens, again, if we are talking about eliminating, let's say, the consequences of some man-made disasters, be it destruction, construction

structures, then the rescuer again has a whole range of tools in his arsenal, which allows... in order to get to this particular source of fire , we must first of all clear some kind of road in front of us, but it is not always possible. if we talk further, then the rescuer cannot be imagined without means of communication, lighting, there is also a device. tell me, the rescuer's clothes, maybe they were there a few years ago, and today, i am sure that everything is changing. yes, indeed, what was literally 5-10

years ago is many times different from what is now the ministry for what situations, pays great attention to equipment, modern equipment of firefighters, because in addition to high-quality fire suppression and saving people, it is also important for us to protect. various research and development work have developed a number of equipment elements, well, if in order, then we will talk, for example, about firefighter combat clothing, currently combat clothing firefighter is recognized, in principle, to have a certificate of the eurasian economic union, it is recognized not only in our country, it is also recognized abroad. has a small mass compared to analogues at the same time does not worsen, and somewhere sometimes even surpasses analogues in its characteristics, it allows you to protect the rescuer from high

temperatures, from some mechanical loads in general is such a universal most universal element, if we talk about some other means of protection, then this is a suit for conducting emergency rescue operations, it is lighter compared to combat clothing, but at the same time it allows you to protect against short-term temperature... impact from sparks, drops of molten metal, it is used in the elimination of road accidents, clearing rubble, as i said earlier, then - in exactly the same way we are developing the entire line of rescue safety shoes, we have developed a lightweight package of materials, which allows us to make a pair of shoes weighing less than a kilogram, while it is just as effective in protecting - foot rescuer from high temperature, from moisture. has an anti-puncture insole, and if we say, we are talking about footwear designed for extinguishing forest and peat fires, additional

protection from the cutting edge of a gasoline tool is installed. i also want to mention the rescuer's helmet, this is a 20% lighter product compared to similar products, which in addition to high impact loads allows you to protect from high temperatures, it is equipped with various fasteners for use.

interest in demand. and automotive equipment, insert, they use increased rescue, also almost all of ours. when you said almost, it really became offensive. and i may have said so on purpose. because now the country's factories produce the entire line of necessary equipment, from light tanks and rapid response vehicles to heavy-duty vehicles that can carry up to 12 tons of water. and if we talk, let's say, even about new products that are not presented practically anywhere, this is the last national security exhibition at which our the manufacturers were presented with a mobile ladder with a lifting height of 52 m. we know that

our construction is currently not going in width, but in height, so this is the most promising model for implementation in our service. and of course the traditional question, but nevertheless i can't help but ask, what's next, what are you working on now? next - this is fruitful development. this is the study of some foreign analogues, this is the implementation of these developments in the structure of our ministry, we can say that progress does not stand still, and that, what is applicable today, in fact, in a few years, it will already be a little outdated, we are moving forward, our again i say that the testing laboratory, in fact, to some extent is unique, we have created such installations that have no analogues in the cis countries. including, well, this is a thermal mannequin complex, which allows you to conduct tests with flame, heat load, and at the same time read the indicators from more than

thirty sensors located in various ... parts of the body, that is, when exposed to combat clothing there, boots rescuer, on the helmet, the temperature under the protective equipment should not exceed 36°, so we are developing, finding new materials, again, collaborating with our productions, trying to do something new and promising, feedback, here you test in your laboratories, then the rescuer is connected, a little bit differently. in fact, in order to maximally meet the requirements that our firefighters, first of all we do this for them, the firefighter presents to the equipment, gear, we do this live, including we test in some conditions close to extreme, and naturally, after we have equipped our combat clothing with our boots or helmets, we monitor the comments, suggestions, if there are

any comments, we refer them. designs promptly already in the next delivery we make these changes already the next delivery is absolutely such that will be acceptable for our rescuers, therefore we keep up with the times, so to speak. pavel vladimirovich, thank you very much, success, fiery ideas to you and, of course, dry sleeves. thank you. and we continue, right now we will tell and show how a unique automated system for detecting forest and peat fires works. and this is also our development. the speed of fire spread in the forest in summer is comparable to the speed of ignition of gunpowder - admit the workers of the barovlyansky special forestry. an unquenched fire, a smoldering cigarette and even a sunbeam reflected by a shard of glass and hundreds of hectares of forest can turn into ashes. today, a forest fire is ...

and maybe tens of meters, the situation with 2019 managed to take control, computer technologies, a branched system of video surveillance, a group of programmers and, of course, specialists from the ministry of forestry helped. a fundamentally new project for our country, a system for monitoring forest fires, was called the forest guard. there were surveillance cameras in forestries, they were installed in general throughout the republic on observation towers, where the observer used to sit

and observe, then. automated this system, hung up cameras, where the operator already directly from the workplace observed the state of the forest fund. from the most recent methods already implemented in practice, the technology of early detection of fires, which operates in automatic mode. this system is represented by video surveillance cameras that operate in online mode, in case of smoke or some anomaly on the horizon, in the forest, uh, somewhere near the forest. it gives a sound signal, which is processed by a forestry specialist, who is on duty, in case there is, so to speak, a suspicion of a fire in the forest, there a duty team leaves to localize the source of combustion. to quickly destroy the flames, each forestry enterprise is equipped with fire trucks, hand tools and specialized equipment. also at each station there is a personnel who

immediately leaves for the scene. incident, and if their efforts fail to extinguish the fire, then, of course, the ministry of emergency situations comes into play. the duty team leaves immediately for any signal, even if unconfirmed, and due to the fact that the highly intelligent system is capable of see even a little smoke from a fire, the flame simply does not have time to flare up, there is no need for firefighters to go to the scene. it was after the introduction of the forest guard into practice.