i save you, like the connection of the paths and names of the gods, like the holiness of the hell of god, what is this life, and perhaps, the naiўny slaps fly the price tag, otherwise i will believe in the mary svae, writing the same letters nik, oh my dear land, i love you i am happy. hai song piashotnaya na muva livetstsa i sorki ў blakіtse yarcheytse hatsyatsya nyah this song yes ўіkh dakranetsa і budze na natkhnyatsya na good right.

in every cup of coffee, pleasant conversation in the arms of loved ones and the desire to achieve a new goal, we are looking for it, it is thanks to it that ancient people were able to survive in harsh conditions and continue the mouth, because it, in spite of everything, literally forced them to get up and go further. i am talking now about a chemical substance that our body produces, giving. this is a science nearby project, my name is ekaterina beretskaya, hello, today we will talk about the main motivator in the life of any person, let's begin: less than a century has passed since scientists understood how the human pleasure center works and who is the main worker in it. catching notes of a favorite aroma or anticipating a delicious dinner, under what conditions? the brain begins

to produce dopamine, and what diseases can be cured with dopamine? a big conversation in the studio of the program with a doctor do not miss. the first scientist who came close to discovering dopamine was the polish biochemist kazimi shfunk. in 1911, he was able to synthesize an amino acid called eldopa, which is rightfully considered a precursor. dopamine, that is, in fact, it starts the chain of its production. the next step in unraveling the work of the brain was the discovery of the enzyme by the scientist holtz. it happened this is in 1938. well, what happened next, i will tell you right now in our regular column the history of the issue. scientists have been trying for a very long time to understand how

the signal is transmitted in the brain, if we are talking about a person's anticipation of what brings him pleasure, but they understood only in 1954, it was in this year that canadian neurophysiologists, olds and milner, found the real pleasure center in the brain and understood that dopamine acts as a chemical mediator of signal transmission. three years later, the swedish scientist carlson is trying to find a cure for schizophrenia and its study. also leads to the functions of dopamine, and as the main neurotransmitter of the human central nervous system. around the same time, another scientist, the american biochemist greengard, who spent almost all of his research studying dopamine, came to the conclusion that this neurotransmitter has the same strong effect on the body as the other two, norepinephrine and serotonin. it is they together that ensure the work of such... complex

processes as the formation of emotions and memory. a little later, the american neurophysiologist kandel described the key stages of the formation of short-term and long-term memory, also explaining that one of the main roles in these processes is assigned to dopamine. and in 2000, all three scientists carlson, greengard and kandel received the nobel prize in physiology or medicine for their discoveries, which were a response to... dopamine and its role in the human body is a very popular topic, even outside of scientific circles, but most often the functions of dopamine are described either too vaguely,

it is a neurotransmitter, but it is still a hormone, right? hello, ekaterina, well, let's start with the fact that dopamine is, in general, both a hormone and a neurotransmitter, in the classical version it is better known as a neurotransmitter, that is , it is a chemical substance, a molecule that transmits a signal from one nerve cell to another, but it is also a hormone, though not a classical one, a classical hormone is a substance that is secreted in some organ in a gland inside. segregation and transmits a signal through the blood to all the cells on which there are receiving devices, that is , receptors for this hormone, and so dopamine has its own receptors, it is also secreted in some parts outside the brain and thus it is a hormone, although it does not have a specific organ where it is secreted,

it is secreted in the vessels, in soft tissues, in organs, and there it exerts its hormonal effect, as a hormone and as a neurotransmitter dopamine. like many similar substances in our body, it is very strongly delimited, we have a blood-brain barrier, these are special structures that do not allow most substances from our body to get directly into the brain, that is, there is a border control that does not let dopamine, which has been produced in our body, into the brain, so if for some reason a lot of it has been produced in our body, this dopamine, but it practically cannot affect the work of the brain in a healthy person, well, from a physiological point of view: how is dopamine produced in our brain? from the point of view of comparison with other mediators, in this regard, dopamine is kind of a very questionable - simpler, because there is basically one zone in which it is actively secreted, this is the substantia nigra, the substantia

nigra of the midbrain, one of the basic stem structures of our brain, and from there neurons transmit dopamine along three main pathways: to the limbic system, and to the cerebral cortex, the prefrontal cortex, to the striatumbasal ganglia, which are responsible for movement control, in fact, this is how the destruction of neurons in this section, the substantia nigra of the midbrain, and adjacent structures is usually observed in the disease parkinson's. if we talk about the connection of the midbrain with the nebichesky system, then these are really some emotional connections, this. memory - this switching of attention is very important, because people with dopamine deficiency have problems with switching attention, they get hung up on some one process, if from the point of view of the connection of this structure of the ambulatory system of the cerebral hemispheres, this is

motivation, the highest forms of emotions, well, it must be said that dopamine is certainly not the only molecule here that takes part in all this and, of course, the so-called nictrostriatal pathway, when dopamine is associated.

a very interesting topic, what is dopamine and what is its role in the work of our body, here's what else we'll tell you about: a hole, fasting, deep depression, and what dopamine has to do with it, a big conversation in the studio of the program with a doctor, a psychiatrist, why it's a mistake to consider dopamine as a hormone of joy, and what role does genetics play in the development of the main character of our program today, we'll find out completely.

how many sources. yes, the new european tradition was also born among the meat, authentic, hired and native russian traditions renaissance culture. and there we are late. gotyka yana fantastic spaluchae all these lynxes. great facts and untold news from the past. nidze is big yama. the muddy boulders are split, palliated and piled into these scenes. prychy? yany roznaga color scheme. glyadzitsa cultural-asvetnitskiy project architecture of belarus. the gothic vyalikaga of the principality of lithuania is insane and does not correspond to such a classic design. we are famous for being so called.

for those who have just joined us, i am telling you about the science series project on air, my name is ekaterina beretskaya, and we continue study dopamine, in our studio... already the head of the twentieth department of the scientific and practical center of mental health, with whom we will find out why the topic of dopamine is one of the most important in psychiatry. artem olegovich, hello, hello, let's start with what dopamine is in general, specifically in psychiatry, most likely, first of all, not a hormone, but a neurotransmitter. let's start with the fact that the brain consists of a billion nerve cells, neurons. in turn, each neuron is connected. processes with thousands of others neurons, thus forming trillions

of specialized connections called synapses, each synapse has different neurotransmitters that perform different functions, and dopamine is really one of the most well-known molecules. dopamine has a wide range of important functions, such as behavior control, cognition, movement control. in different parts of the brain, it performs completely different functions. is responsible for motivation the feeling of pleasure after successfully completing a task. dopamine release stimulates us to perform an action, first, the reward is a pleasant feeling, yes, a fulfilled duty, dopamine gives us a surge of vitality. many people who have heard about dopamine, they really perceive it as a hormone. it is important to understand that dopamine itself is not a separate substance that has

one effect, it has multiple effects in different areas of the body. thanks to dopamine, we can enjoy our favorite activities. without dopamine, healthy sleep is impossible. all this happens in the brain. now we are talking specifically about dopamine, as a neurotransmitter that works in our brain. and you are talking about when dopamine is normally produced, that is. everything works there, so everything is good, we strive for something, we get and as a result of achieving the goal, pleasure, here it is dopamine, everything is good, everything is good, until failures occur, because parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, here dopamine also plays a leading role, yes, indeed, the level of dopamine is directly related to parkinson's disease, in people suffering from this disease... it is very low, pathologically low levels of dopamine, which occurs as a result of the destruction

of dopaminergic neurons, the so-called black substance, which is located in the midbrain, clinically this is manifested by stiffness, muscle rigidity, such patients are not able to move freely, there is a drug eldof, that is, it is a precursor of dopamine, simply put, what it is formed from, which is able to restore the smoothness of movement. allowing patients to move freely, and schizophrenia, as for schizophrenia, this disease has been studied for centuries and to this day scientists have not fully solved the mystery of this disease. indeed, there are some studies that confirm high levels of dopamine, including serotonin, in the mesalimbic dopamine pathway

in these patients. this discovery was associated with... the action of antipsychotic drugs that are used to treat schizophrenia, they affect productive symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations by blocking dopamine d2 receptors. this theory, it was very popular, but at present most doctors investigators of schizophrenia it is not so widely supported, since it cannot explain the full extent.

still they say that in the genesis of anxiety and depressive disorders the leading role is played by serotonin, although some depressive manifestations, such as anhidonia, when a person is unable to receive pleasure and joy, decreased concentration, motor retardation, sleep disturbance, are usually associated with a disorder dopenergic neurotransmission, listen, well... a person walks, walks, everything is fine with him, and then gradually everything gets worse and worse, he falls into depression, anxiety disorders arise, all this is also again in our head, well why, well, i understand some kind of strong shock, stress, well now it seems to me, we all live in stress, the pace of life is very high, well, how does

this happen, dopamine was produced, serotonin everything was so good, then suddenly we come to you... and say: hello, help, we have problems. the development of depression can be caused by many different factors, yes, some stressful events in life, especially when it is chronic stress, this is the loss of loved ones, but they can also lead to this disorder of the absence of any external circumstances and situations, yes, when we talk about violations of dophanergic transmission, including. since ... depression antidepressants, they are close to depression, how do they work? antidepressants allow specialists to influence processes controlling neurotransmission of neurotransmitters, the features of their receptors, this is achieved by blocking the reuptake of serotonin and other neurotransmitters,

depending on the drug, yes, the dosage of the drug is selected. individually, taking into account the severity of symptoms, the prevalence of symptoms, gender, age of the patient, concomitant diseases, and other factors. addiction is also a disease, right, here's what an interesting thing happens: alcohol, the intake of which helps us relax, get pleasure, here it is as if dopamine, but on the other hand there is alcohol addiction.

the initial level of dopamine and actually the time for its recovery increases. in the future, one glass of alcohol no longer brings us such euphoria, and as before, the entire system of pleasures shifts to the desire to consume more and more. in the future, such a picture occurs that stimuli come. from the outside, they stop stimulating the production of natural dopamine, without this, pleasure is no longer achieved, actually, which causes addiction.

they also write about the dopamine pit and dopamine fasting, what do doctors say? the number of people who undergo so -called dopamine detoxification is increasing, they are trying to remove dopamine, but the problem is not in dopamine in general, the problem

is in artificial stimuli, impressions that we expose ourselves to, this is constant sitting 24 hours a day on social networks, scrolling through news feeds, the same tiktoks. this system, yes, the first thing we need is healthy, regular sleep. during sleep, reserves are restored

dopamine. the next thing to pay attention to is your diet, your nutrition, right? the next important factor is being outdoors, that is , sunlight also promotes the production of vitamin d, if we are talking about vitamins, here we should also include vitamin. b vitamins are b5 and b6. regular exercise, physical activity, regular enough, at least the minimum to maintain the functioning of this system, 1000 steps a day. music, art, favorite activities, communication with new people, this is really something that can increase dopamine levels. well, on that positive note, i thank you for taking the time to... we came to our studio, everything is clear, accessible, thank you and health to you and of course, to your patients, thank you for inviting us, scientists have found out that every person is born with

a certain level of dopamine, it is this amount that explains the phenomenon of highly motivated people, whom psychologists call achievers. my colleagues decided to figure out if everything is so simple, and whether it is possible can a person's success be attributed only to physiological characteristics? the level of dopamine with which we are born, scientists call the basic level, someone will be lucky, and it will be at a high level from birth. indeed, dopamine is largely determined by our genetic factors, according to various data, up to 80% of the dopamine level is determined genetically, and there are genes that are responsible for the synthesis of dopamine, these are the genes that are directly involved in the synthesis of dopamine and changes. genes, that is, some kind of polymorphic variants of these genes, they contribute, also affect the level of dopamine. also these are genes that are involved in the metabolism of dopamine,

in addition, there are genes responsible for the transport of dopamine and its receptors, but not everything is as simple as it seems at first glance, it turns out that the level of dopamine is dictated not only by genetic factors that we naturally cannot influence, but also good news - epigenetic, this means that the level of this neurotransmitter, even if it was not too high at birth, can be influence, increasing, of course, by following a number of specific recommendations, actions. the first thing you need to start with is to change your diet, you need to look for products that are rich in the amino acid, tyrosine, from which this neurotransmitter will be synthesized in the future. there is a lot of tyrosine in bananas, fermented milk products in meat, poultry, avocado, in sesame, and the most effective. and efficient way to raise dopamine levels is to start systematically doing sports and it does not matter what kind of sport you will do, you can choose what you like, strength

training in...

human health depends more than on genetics, and this also applies to psychological health. according to statistics, people who set small goals for themselves every day, even if they are completely primitive, like getting up half an hour earlier, tidying up their room, and achieve them, feel much happier and, as scientists say, anyone can train their brain to receive quality dopamine, and genetics have nothing to do with it. american football player vince lombardi said: victory is not everything, everything is a constant desire to win. and if you have been with us for these half an hour, you will definitely agree that this phrase with a philosophical subtext has a lot of scientific implications. and all because even when the topic concerns human emotions, science is also nearby.

hello everyone, my name is dmitry uksusnikov, i was born in the city of kazan, i have been living in minsk for 2 years now and am a leading soloist of the bolshoi theater of belarus.

i was born in the city of kazan, it is a modern, beautiful city, but now i live in minsk. the first time i got acquainted with minsk, this was when i was still dancing in a folk ensemble in kazan. we were touring europe, and we were passing through minsk then.