previously, they were used to keep feet warm, but today experts say that without them, healthy walking is out of the question, because they reduce the load on the foot and joints, minimizing discomfort and fatigue, and can also help in the treatment of flatfoot and even with diseases of the hip joints and spine. surely you have already guessed that we are talking about shoe styles, and today we will tell you that we owe their appearance in our lives to science. my name is ekaterina beretskaya, hello, don't change the channel in the next half hour and you will find out: from a shoemaker to a world-famous scientist, how the curiosity of a simple boy brought orthopedics to a new level, no one else has such... will be in a big report,

we will show how individual insoles are created, and also what types of insoles exist today and which ones are suitable for whom, we will figure it out together with an orthopedic doctor very soon. pain, discomfort and often blood from a callus, these sensations forced our ancestors to look for a way to make walking comfortable, or rather something. to do with shoes for this. more in in the stone age, people began to put straw in shoes, which essentially became, albeit primitive, but a prototype of the modern insole. straw softened the contact with the ground and, albeit just a little, warmed the foot. many more centuries will pass, and the shoe will be made of wood and metal until scientists discover the secret of healthy feet. but i'll tell you right now how it was. scientists

are still debating who is the author of the first, even remotely similar modern insoles, but they know for sure that they were invented in holland in the 17th century. but who adopted the experience of the dutch is known for certain, this historical moment is associated with the name of the american doctor william sholes. the future inventor worked in a small shoe shop, he was always interested in creating. the most comfortable shoes. the young man was horrified by the number of people who came to him with deformed feet. this prompted the young man to become a doctor. sholes entered medical school, where he studied the anatomy of human feet and came to the conclusion that the health of the whole body depends on the condition of the feet. after after graduating from school, sholes received a patent for his first discovery in 1904. the insole. taking the development of information on the design of the insole. dutch doctors. then at the beginning of the 20th

century, his discovery became a sensation, because the insole was inserted inside the shoe, supported the foot, and relieved excess tension in the legs. the talented doctor did not stop there. in 1912, he opened a medical college of orthopedics in illinois, and 8 years later he created the first series of model shoes to maintain foot health. moreover, here the insoles were already made of cork material, that is, they were easy to wear. the dutch predecessors were made of wood or even metal. scientists consider this event to be the beginning of a new era, the era of using insoles in medicine. within decades, insoles became an integral attribute of athletes' shoes, and then of ordinary people. the modern market of insoles for. is huge and

it is almost impossible to understand it on your own, or rather, it would even be wrong, which is why the path to comfort for your feet lies through the orthopedist's office, which insoles are suitable for whom and what are they needed for, in principle, we will also figure it out. in our studio today is the deputy chief physician of the sixth clinical hospital of minsk, a traumatologist, orthopedist, candidate of medical sciences, alexey sovchuk. alexey vyacheslavovich, hello, hello. alexey vyacheslavovich, well, let's get started.

a little person and a small one, well, depending, of course, on the size of the foot, an insole, what role does it play, that is, it holds, it allows the spine to be positioned correctly, for example, if it's a little bit like that in anatomy, they said it right, yes, we can

talk about specific gravity, yes, the pressure of one square cm of the foot on the supporting surface, a number of studies note that in the presence of plaskostopia, this indicator can almost... clinical data relieve pain. you have already talked about the fact that insoles are different, yes, you named some types, the name is difficult for us ordinary people, so let's figure out what kind of insoles there are today. today i would define the types

of insoles, yes, that is, after all, by purpose, yes, for example, a patient with flat feet needs to have preventive elements in the insole to correct the foot deformity or relieve pain, right? it must necessarily have a metatarsal insole cushion, then everything is much more complicated, yes, for example, not all patients with flat feet need stepki, if the foot deformity is pronounced and there are also some accompanying elements, then the patient is shown even surgical treatment, then there is no point in using stepki, or vice versa, if we we have, for example, in mind a small patient there with... postcovalbus foot, which has progressed in a short period of time, yes, you can try to use an orthopedic insole, yes, for example, for postcovalbus foot or even , if necessary, individually, and you can try to stop the process, in some cases even improve the clinical situation, well, you need to constantly re-evaluate

the clinical data, watch the dynamics, insoles are not the main type of treatment, yes, it goes in a complex, for example, patients have a shortening of the limb, like in adults, so in children. it is necessary to understand the reason, yes, what leads to this, there can be scoliotic deformation, pelvic tilt, dysplasia of the hip joints, symmetrical, asymmetrical, yes, because of this there can be different lengths of the limb, it can also be different, it can be relative, yes, it can be absolute, then in such cases it is also possible to use orthopedic sterics, for example, with height correction, yes, that is, in shoes it is allowed to use a heel pad built into the insole, well, somewhere up to a centimeter, as a rule, at... structure feet patients experience terrible discomfort, yes, too, for example, can be used stilka dash artez, you can call it that,

there is a group of patients, for example, with diabetes, yes or with some long-term non -healing trophic ulcers, then it is necessary to unload some separate area of ​​the foot, yes, too, you can and ... use a sterka, but again everything rests on the individual. in ordinary life, when the patient does not experience any obvious discomfort, pain, yes, flatfoot is detected during a banal clinical examination at traumatologist, orthopedist, it is possible to use regular standard insoles, yes, well, there are also a number of nuances, yes, they need to be selected correctly, yes, by size, the shoes should also match, also an important component, not all shoe models, for example, have a withdrawable...

a big problem, how to correctly select that corrective element in the form of an insole, here special designs also help us, they can also be both individual and non-individual, standard, this is... a type of insoles called a half-insole, yes, they have free nose, yes, but there is - as a rule , an instep support and a metatrasal cushion, but there is no front part, this makes it easier to use them in a narrow everyday life, it is clear that on a high kabuki it is especially inconvenient to wear such a design, but something acceptable can already be found. you have already talked about individual insoles in several examples, we just have a center in our country that is engaged in the creation of such individual insoles, let's see how this is done.

discomfort when walking is the main indicator that at least orthopedic insoles need to be purchased, and better individual, since they fully correspond to the anatomy of the patient's foot. the doctor, based on patient complaints, based on the examination. places an order, the patient, puts the patient on a podoscope, looks for changes on the foot, evaluates the presence of a natutus on the potoscope, after which an outline of the foot is made, the length of the arch is determined and often patients, especially if there is a severe pathology , the patient may be missing one, two, several fingers, or the patient has a diabetic foot with diabetes mellitus. he an imprint of the foot is made. the next stage of insole production is the creation of a so

-called plaster positive into a negative, a device made of a special material for the imprint is filled with plaster, it is ground, processed, a blank is created from wood or plastic. the choice of material depends on the complexity of the disease with which the patient comes to the doctor. wood cannot convey all the nuances of the foot in detail. then the insoles are sent to ... the technology department, here the finished mold is already received, and after that the worker chooses in accordance with the order foamed materials, selects thermoplastic materials, makes a layout, using technology special for these materials, forms the mold directly, presses are used for this, vacuum units are used for this. and thermal furnaces are also used for heating, then the insoles are cut to a certain size,

so as not to make a mistake, they use a mold of the foot, process it, check it for quality and after that the new owner receives them. on average , it takes up to 3 hours to make one pair, it all depends on the complexity of the order. well, and how doctors admit, individual styles do cure, however. this is not enough to prevent the progression of flat feet, we often recommend our patients to do foot gymnastics, at least for 15 minutes, there are certain exercises, this is holding a handkerchief with your fingers, lifting, this is twisting, this is walking on the inner outer side of the foot in order to - we know that many bones, there are more than forty of them in our feet, are held by the muscular-ligamentous apparatus

in order to strengthen the muscles in order to strengthen the ligamentous apparatus. at first, the discomfort in the legs may increase, doctors say that this is how it should be, so there is no need to be afraid, the adaptation of the leg to new insoles takes a maximum of 2 weeks. you are watching the science nearby project, today we will figure out why the health of the entire musculoskeletal system begins with the legs, here is what else we will tell you: everything is thought out to the square centimeter, we will find out what the design of insoles for different purposes is, we will figure out whether healthy people need to wear orthopedic insoles, we will get acquainted with those, whoever is a professional... simply cannot imagine a way without insoles.

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for those who have just joined us, i am telling you, the project science is nearby is on air, my name is ekaterina berezskaya. today we are finding out why we wear shoe insoles primarily not for convenience, although this too, but for the health of our feet, because the work of the whole organism as a whole will depend on this. in our studio we have a traumatologist-orthopedist, deputy chief physician of the sixth hospital in minsk, candidate of medical sciences, alexey sovchuk, alexey vyacheslavovich, we continue about patients, let's say so, yes, we talked about the role of soles in life, people who have.

on examination he does not have a clinical diagnosis, for example, post-foot, then there is no need for insoles, i would say, either, as a rule, modern shoe manufacturers have quite comfortable lasts, they have a number of supinating elements, especially even perhaps, this concerns children, yes, now a lot of children's shoes come with a reinforced heel, yes with such a standard small insole, more with a special heel pad like tomos for... i would not even categorically recommend using such shoes erasers yes why is there an instep support and here an instep support we get hypersupination why? yes, therefore here the patient should not make decisions on his own either, but we take shoes, and we take our, for example, a small patient and for a consultation with an orthopedist, independently we can not

always make these decisions, yeah, okay, since here about children, someone says, well again we find different information on the internet, says that as soon as the child starts walking, so that if he has not had any problems before, so that he does not suddenly develop flatfoot. yes, we study a lot, 11 years at school, 4.5 at university, yes, as a rule, many have posture problems, yes, this whole clinical situation must

be assessed as a whole, and then decide on the tactics of further treatment, if necessary, if the diagnosis, for example, is confirmed, here is another opinion that as soon as the child starts walking, it is necessary immediately, so that nothing happened to the legs later bad, immediately the insole, or this... immediately the insole - this is such a very aggressive opinion, yes, if we have a normal, healthy child, during preventive examinations no problems were also revealed, then definitely you should not immediately grab the insole, with children in general everything should be very carefully, smoothly, gradually with an assessment of the dynamics, a normal child let him run, yes let him run barefoot, let him run in shoes, and again, as i said, modern shoe manufacturers for... lay out a number corrective elements already from the very beginning, and also yes parents do not always differentiate whether they need this instep support in shoes or

not, therefore we buy regular shoes, for children the most important corrective element is a rigid back and such an adequate heel, that is, the heel should have straight edges, yes, well, children, they also do not immediately develop perfect coordination, so that there is no inclination inward or outward, it is also necessary to watch the wear of the heel, but this is not an indication for either a style or for that, that there is some pathology, just such features happen, and is it useful to walk barefoot for prevention, or if there is already some problem, there is also such an opinion that barefoot is very good for both children and adults, in modern traumatology, orthopedics there is such a concept, yes, that is, maximum activation, early function and a minimum of some restrictions in movements, therefore yes i would probably. combine, that is, conditionally, all healthy people can walk, of course, without shoes, basicon, yes, but you also need to understand, modern urbanized world, our ancestors once walked barefoot, climbed trees,

yes, it was a covering with different structures, yes, well, at home we all have hard floors, yes, in cities there is asphalt or tiles, here, probably, you can't walk barefoot much either, so you need to differentiate, that is, dose the time without shoes, yes, and also dose the time of walking barefoot, like this smoothly. we got to prevention, what needs to be done in general for the health of our feet, we have already touched on ladies who love heels, what else traumatologist, orthopedist, advise, what to wear, how to wear, again a girl, maybe, after all, heels not every day, yes, prevention plays a huge role here, yes , it all starts in childhood, the right shoes for children, you don't always have to chase beauty. yes, shoes should be comfortable, laconic, have all the basic preventive elements, yes, this is a rigid back, a clear fixed heel, in no case a narrow toe, we

start this in childhood, then health in general, yes, a healthy lifestyle, adequate activity, weight monitoring, it is clear that a patient who, for example, will suffer from excess weight, yes, again, his specific load per 1 km of the foot increases, which can also lead to. the center of gravity changes, yes, the foot experiences increased loads, the woman's body is generally rebuilt, this moment is also very important not to miss, yes, in addition, i will also note that on our operating table, as a rule, once every 20'. these hormonal

features of women also predispose to the development of, for example, postcaste, therefore here we need to assess the situation comprehensively, thank you very much, it was interesting and most importantly everything is accessible and understandable, there is a category of people for whom the quality of insoles is not just a question of comfort, it is certainly a question of health, and also of triumph, i am talking of course about athletes, what insoles do they choose, why do they call them a magic wand among themselves... in our next story. sergei vabishchevich, a professional basketball player, bronze medalist of the second european games, has not been able to imagine his sports life without them for 10 years now individual insoles. for each shoe its own, but the basketball player carefully selects it. bubovar shoes are individual, generally strictly individual

, to each his own. well, you need to look, read the reviews. for all the same now they write for what even the height of the athlete what number he plays, a big player, a small one to the front back line, so it is like that, all the shoes are individual, well, they will definitely not lead anyone. life hack from a professional athlete, so as not to remake individual styles every six months, you can simply re-sew the upper part that wears out pretty quickly. i bring my shoes with me when i make them, so i make them specifically for my, for my pair of sneakers. insoles are one second and one more life hack from a pro to extend the life of the insoles, and two pairs, if we speak in professional language , are enough for three seasons of games, after each training they need to be taken out of the shoes, dried, and then covered with a special spray, since with the process of time the foot changes, you need to constantly undergo a medical examination, the weight changes, load, points from change, that is, how you

walk, so you need to every year... as if it is desirable to measure, why not notice individual transactions, because everyone's feet are absolutely different, even one person has two different feet, so it is better to make everything individually. most often , athletes use three or four- layer insoles, this adds not only softness, but also cushioning, helping to avoid a large number of injuries. i have been using them for about 10 years, and if i do not wear my insoles for training, then... but i do not i train, i immediately feel discomfort and pain. individual styles are so important for an athlete that their trainers and doctors advise to start wearing them from the very first training sessions. according to the world health organization, flat feet affect 40 to 60% of the population. this disease is the starting point for more serious problems.

intervertebral hernias, osteochondrosis, scoliosis, diseases of the knee and hip joints, there is only one way out - prevention, if you have been with us for these half an hour, you know that it begins with the comfort of your feet and you know how provide them with this, all because in this matter, as we found out, science is nearby. in 1915, chechersk received the right to self-government, the so-called magdeburg law, at the same time a special room was built for the rada, a wooden town hall, which has not survived to this day.

there is not much historical data about this monument. it is known that the town hall once stood in the middle of a large square, had a large striking clock, and a guard stood on its tower to announce the arrival of guests. near the town hall there were shopping benches, about 76. the remaining information often excludes each other and can only confuse. it is impossible, for example, to find out how many storeys the town hall had? all sources give a different number of storeys. probably depending on what each of the authors understood by the word storey. we do not know either the original appearance, or the author, or the exact time of its construction. in 1772, after the division of the polish-lithuanian commonwealth, chechersk became part of the russian empire. and a year later, in 1773, the town passed into the possession of zakhar grigorievich chernyshov. at the insistence of the russian

commander began. construction of a new stone town hall. the year of the beginning of construction, the name of the architect, history is silent. now the building dates back to the end of the 18th century. also in chechersk. three churches and a catholic church appeared. the building of the chechersk stone town hall is rectangular, two stories high. on the sides, the roof is crowned with quadrangular towers with spires. in the center of the roof on a raised.