>> from our studios in newr studstudstudud york thcharliearlie. . > the astronomer> thre startleer> thre stato see thatoight distant

galaxies always xiretchedlway out to l ger waout ngths signifying that there ying tlltherying way fr us. way us. the american museum american naral history in new york is visiannually by five million peop oundop ld. ound ittains more than 32ins more t specimens and cultural artifacts. the museum's mission is tos misss miss discover, in ret, and disseminate throdissscientificroscie research and e resear knonded reed abman cultures, the world, e universe. ellen futt president andesidenan eading tcharge for 20 years. mike n the museum'the muse seice president and provof science. he urator theatorat paleonat artment. neil tyson is the director f diydendiydendiydendiydenenen pletar plet he's ho no's ho no' seasons. ons. his other program "cosmos" will premier on fox. eased to have all of themm this table. his what's in there' 'here'here'here're

i've got the 've ghe wonderful things. i'll start with the planetarium.e it hold the eat hoydene ea planetarium which is a 90 foot in diameter sphere that teu go in ountin the gre ount ount ount ou spac . . en we have all those chroexs es, halls anes, s of temporary shows, things like what right now, poaton, po nr of n po live things likeings butterflies. 'll come ba' to poisome ba'o pois there' also the most imposo the most imposo thepollection of dinosaurs, mammals and other vertebra. he he osaur bones. ter] >> t distinion. inin >> excuse me, i di e't want t e'nt t e -- [laughter] >> said fossil sd fo what 've saiat 've sai 18 million examples of living and ex ar anpods which includes 100 species of termites an collection ofllll spiders with aspidnes illi asp

specimens. specimens.specimens. a species of bird that has been -- do do that has been extinct for -- thi emarkablhi hi >> a re's all kinds ofall kind collecting. because of mike's great leadersh collect frozen tissue 't to kil't to anything anymoreanything anymo scrape a littl scraue? scrara a swimming a let it go, ing it back, put it in thesets that keep it tsozen. keep it it that kind of new collecting. also data for astrso data for data for bua foso for genbuics,enbu ib mounts of data. . >> absolutely. >> there's also the 90-foot-longhe 90-fo life sized of the bl the rgest creatue -rgest es extraordinary amount ordinuff. meteorites, i haven't talkedve about that. where did this starte did this start sta >> almos om the veryhe beginning, 1869, the ming,m was founded frfoundeery beginning we h be mission that embraced both science and education and in sciation an started right oustarth fright oust ex s all over the globel over the gbel he gbe

and i think, mike, you and yourou coeagues now do eagu hundred expeons a year? ? eah, we' all over t' a d. >> what's an expedi's an you've done recently? [laughr] [lgh[lgh >> w e is the best. e is tt.t. no, not really. not real e not going tog to like to hear that.ke tar tha tha >> i threw that right down thet mi. mi. mi for the for theor the opportunity. unity. know, we spend our -- if spe spe you'pere fam iar with him, ourim, ou, ou, 24th season in the gobi ofn in tob mongolia. ol c' leave because there'sus just too much great stuff out there. >> what se >>the world>>the wod you do? >> cer there are severalhere areeral eral museum n al alory. y. the smithsonian in wsmitngton and, of course, thd, oitishthd, oit museum. s unique about ours,bouts, though, is the scope, because scope, because e covers all the coverscal sciences, earth and planetaryetary sciences, scsics but als scls sc sc anthropology, modern anthropology was born at the was museum with france boas andfrance b b et meade and most meade and have that. have haveave 200 research sci200 sts0 on staff.

mike heads up the whole research se a we get to rec wec nderfu peoplenderfu peoplenderpeoplepeop i d say you're lsaking atsaki kitwo of the things i' themostngroud of over the time i'r the een i'e recruiting neil and bringingd brind d them to the hayden plao tarium. plao tamaking mike the provng mike the those o be two g o . o . >> tell me what's l anged in alll anged in of you? d in you? in ? what' what'er t what' t wh wh look a digitizationon certainly an impact.ai impact.ai globalization is an impaat. >> ian speak directly speak d own fi wh you think about the museum as a place where you would se a colction and tholand thol perform scie ific analyscs iflyscs iflyscly that collection to learn the detailed evolution of species tion of species on oecies ec earth, the movemeat and the d lines d lines ha ed c haray, in the univ n data started beidata ta taken gitally, all of a sundy, allf the hysicist had a hysicist had acist had collection. tion

and not a ical piece of a , be, be be put tt on dis pay t our data became our counterpart to the naturalist's collection. aner the years we're now now n awash in data. we are so awash in data thatat s a movement in mymemyme community to find a way to shareway the data with ththe daic so thatat the public c help us reduce the data to possibly find interest thing in thest tverse.in tst in tst >> how would the>>do that? >> i called crowd sourcllgllge data. e data. e data. ta. so i day a set, i havehave parameters and i canmeters alook atok at these hund thousandhund thousandhund thsand but 10,000 peoplbut 10,000 ptbut pt es and tme, es t there e there it? er maybe a star blew up. ar arar what sha e arms take? msms your analysis i your analr anal you she yo ysh formulatete in the a t a person whoon whoonon has otise no experience butt you have your eyesu you have your bra, atyour come toyoe to play and the data reduction. so it' a whole new

a wholgwholg into the 21st century. >> did you know thatidou would play the role you play in theth popularization of sciencza >> no, no. i wa >> one of the things that we thought he would excel at from the beginning, absolutely.ing, a ex mmun eah, i 'eah, i 'meah, imea beforeea ' beard about us. beard aboubeard >> how did you know owout ym? owout ym? owm? m? ell, i heard somerd somrd as cists "there's this gure 's this rre ' >> he can ex >> hings. yeah, he can explain the can exex he's not only an interestingrest scientist, but he can ist, bo people.that's his g at's but neil loves the museum, ofm,m, course i was ust kiddin was ust ki >> i was raised >> i was raiserk he hayde anetarium de m rst encoun th the nightht htcause new yorkers don'w tdon'w t get that. t thth there' there'ky in newky in wn w york. >> when yo wa to the most to extraordinnse outside ofnse the nigh where would youhe go? >> extraordinary -- >> just in its natural element

wiout -- are thereout -- a -- a there a there ayou there ayo >>p people findip pep pe those places in the world an in the ie e lescopes in every scopofn ev ev ose places. >> would assume so. ume so oesn't haoesn' where moesn' whe research took place but weook e department who do research there. there. and it's 14,000 feet ups o thatups o ups up even wn clouds ren w there' w l -- they're still below elow you. elow you. elow 're at e top ofre at volcanic mountain surroundedntain surrain surrrr , so it', soatureyour feet anthe universe a your head a head >> 15, 20 like that inike that ike the world? >> nven that many. at many. half den. halfen the andes mountains where i dids where dids where dids where di s ere di that's 7,000 feet. et >> s the feeling? >> a communion with communions.nionnini>> iis a -- >'s apilgrimage to theosmo mo and yo what d yome what d yo wha what's changed,'ou've asked m' what' ged. ge

in the old days before day everything w everything w l you actually hl you actualu acal to tal telesco tond there would be trains, pla be tnd pla be t les get to the top -- not quite mule pack but you get to the t f the the t s -- e s -- e it wa xpedition. >> it was an e >> it n anan e >> would live nocturnallylive nal nal commune with thecommrs. themmrs. the now 's l digital so w l di have t wheyou tuld beyod d d d d at the other end of the wier endwier at the other end of the network.k. so n hedule the observidule ay in our office. >> what's interesting's e anreg y your museum plays ur museueu important role, impos that ifthat i u can get people interested in all of this and if they develop a bit of knowledge it is theirheirir currency to go forward a trd a gather -- but you have to get yo a litt f traction t f ac f understand tlderst so you want to know a lot. >> listen, cur >> l is the ie gateway to rninte rn that's ere we begin. tha's the wha'ode. whatode. at if athink about what's changed as the museum, probably pro ro w's ch whmost is our role ucation.

in the last numbin theyears we've added a graduate school. we are one o o areums in t he only inhe only in westersphere that sphet . in comparative biology. we've g weauthority to grant gra a master's degree in teachingee in tengee in ngee in ee in science.sce. so that se are majoror chan wut an affiliation ton afaf university? sity? >> we do these on our own. our we also have affiliation bus aff are the only nes who do it on a free standing basis. g bas. t's going on online? >> w e we hav e we site that illions of moreilli visito ot of thosef those exhibits free to see on that web site, ch lie. know, i would say, too, inulul terms of t eum in a veryeum in aeum ineum ineum ingeneral way e thing l wa'sg'sg'' changed is that i think museums went through a time maybe in the 1970's and 1960's where theye they be ome a littleisolated from the worled from co co co yeah, you went there to see the t dusty dinosaurs and y dinodino collection comeectiinets ofriosere os'tt

ith whath wh rld really needed. de now we're in a tre're periodd of convergence. rgen issues about the environment space exploration. l these things are reae things aeae thineae thinthings that thinmuseums can --can -- they' ortant tu orstu tu of the 21st century. 're lucky'reomeone'reom'rerere the le who had a lot o who hon for that and brought uatinto those mmunities. >> sitting next to you? ng nex nex [lghter] ter] ter] >> right, i don' rigmeann' politica >> i do th mike'th ent wa'th t th impt nt bth impt ntmpmp relevanc of a museum and of theuseum d of theus of whuse sector is whuse changed. c e rk i aligned i ali ali with the maj with the maj with the the t t t t time and y teetime ain the teeti teeti exhibitions on the environmeon t on issues of human healts of human hs of human h education educ. ed >> if you buil >>, people come. >>el f you build it f you build it e could bout that a little bit, right? is is what you said? a conversation wa comyerolleagueague

bi moyers. you have n ly expressed your power as a your powerl youurcific literacificifi topics topior future f pol es. eses >> >> > >> yes. >> i mean, if you're -- in a i think a democracyemocra works best when everybody kindod what they'rehaoting onrehaotin and knows why and knows whatatmaers and pu into power -- iwe i i you ow, yo people into power. po aziest thingme is we -- we always complain always cen ways cways c people we vote into power. well, who voted them into power? d o powed o o so a more enlightened electolightenene can completely ransform youly ransfo country as a councy into a thrileading enterpriseading teri , the 21 centu, th centu, entu, enenen especially where science teracy fee innovatio fee innov innov science and te scienc. they're the engine're t

tomorrow's econrry. >> and k force preparation. arat we t unemploy nemplnempl this country. ry ere t three mill t thll t jobs tha are not bs tha becausebs tha thapeople aren't qualified to ft l them. 80% of the 80% ofwing% ng% ng% % cocience, are science-based and there's a neww 65% of e jobs that kids in element kidst kids scol t ay wilsc havenay wilsc hav en invented yet. they're lthey're be science-based. that's why we' shifted so much focus t focus t're now 'reout 5,0005,00 teac in teacteac scienn teacteacteacteacteac 's one of t 't challengchng areas for teaching. s and the on americanerudents, weank udentsly intsly intsly internattsnal studies in scienceies in scice praratio d performance. down in th down ifor a r a highly developed nation eveln embarrassment. en that's why some people thinke thinkwe need to change ourto ce ou immigration policies nowion policipolici >> that and >> that anan em -- science tech -loscience tence te edncion-- in general. tem is stem ologytem ologm ologerinolog. inol.

in. >> right. ight. >> t's also this. thid th "we need waysthysth to measure to mour kidsds thin th th not how well they can fill in a >> yeah, that's an important distinction between teachingachi people what to know and teachi know people how to pek. o d it's part of my 's part ann where 'here 'here i i can fill you up withll youwi but whl youwhuwhuu going to do with it? do you know how to iouerprw hot? you kno think abo doou know do turn it into a new idea that could movemove lture an ltforward? rward? rw ah, there's ahcus on 'l what yo . d, in factour very culturery cultu equates that with uates smart. t. if you' ood at "jeopardy" thatson is smart they know this infoowat twhen in n the inal w n thcere ireur irere ility to solve a problemro 've never sbefore. >> a interesting thing,terestg th sof the smartest people inararar

corporate and private ate anate ate anat knowow to test to find thatfind t out. out. out.t. >> and s ce is such a good a tool for this because orat we becausbecaus is inqus l inqus science is a detective story. you try things outu tr thth you test the antu ly power of making a a ake ail inak whatak wha w s to learning.s to learning.rn so it's sot way to t nk. t . . >> i ha great affection forfectfor questions. estionon we ticed. ced. >> and the power of questions to put put ection l odiernl odiernel odiee l said one of the saoblems oe had in vietnam -- hein vies now armyno chief taff -- ief taff tata askee wr g questions andons and science is a findie is adie e right question it was famouslywauswauswaknowus question questuest you get thright answer. >> in me s in nts to me s in nts to me s i me me are applying for a new grang fe gra hool a hehool a t dododo

think is biggest challenge if you're a graduatestudent and i told i tt and i told ianan schaj moschaj eumosceu eumoment where ymometh wheh thisth wheh thheh th metamorphosi ere you have ane insect shed one skin a sheakes on another where you move from what neil is sayinat neil isl is fact finding k fact finding k f f ntal attit to one that' to at' to to o o creative, one cr's curious, one that makes inquiry, one that asks the ight questions. que anthat' ' a fundamentalfundaml that's re tedt'edt' thet'at is working for our institution,ution, we' a hybrid. a h we've got this very pure this his hi ac ide, racearch, nowh, nh,these thgrams. thgrams. but we have 500,000 childrendren coming t museum every r in school groups, schamp groupsps as well as with many, many morema visiting as families. s >> i was ne of >> i. f >> i. f >> >> you were on >> yhem. m. i was one of them.was one of thewas was probably we all were.

>> is it changing much? 's changed in one sense. we have a huge interave a al visitation. visi many more in manynal. manynal.manal. but wh but whou rwhwh everlanguage everla >> you w e doing this thingdong thrk unive th rk u >>h, the space show. how. the new sp e show. [laughter] yes, y >> i knew i shouldn' 't have askn't ha that. >> it's our most audaciousr paceusr paceshow yet. . rk mat””” >> ybecause it's a celebration of our ibratance. ink , usually when youwh here's what we note. and mayb little bit of here's'''s th th we wexistence fwexistce fwe dark matter in the universe. rse.rsrs ' the gra ty we see. 't know what's know wg it. w we measure the univeeasuis accelerati gainst collective shes of gravity of all the galaxies. we don't know what's causing that. that. at and they're both dark to us. rk to so it's a cele it'n of proignorance

ignorance ra fallen us in recent enars in r you also gyou alw wealw wew wewe arriveat the knowledge of thatf that f that so how do you visualize something about which you knowknow hardly anything. that was the challenge of the i think it succeededt succee yond e 's ex ctatns. >> d what dark matterwh >> wel >> welt alledelt el dark matter, between you and be.e.e.e. it's -- there's -- tity and wey and we don'd we don'd we don'o don'o don'o don'o don' i' dark gravity. so dark matter implies it's some kind omatter. nd o we don' we df ' we der. 've been on this campaign to name dark mattername darwhichme darwh something that has ethi- t has ethi- s - - - - >> it doesn' >> ive a connotatio nnot doesn't ma doesn think abo doe thihihi anything because we don't know at it is and dark energy, same g. callwilm red and wilma. d >> bas going on in switzerland at cerne, rland ere theyking? >>y were looking for and

they fou 's called the higgs boson, nobel prize was tor tor it.t. as als lled the gls gls partic it's a -- >> 't ke that't hat't >> wel i don'el ieople call ieopl it i it call it fred. [lauter] >> this particle has a field and if you move through that field it hds you your hss. there's ss-granting ssleing ing ing g fiel so if you soe a so particle, that's a gothat' to at' to. at' to. you sit there and hand mass to everybody and everybody and eerybody erybody particle led to it being known being - >> e le >> hings about gravity and the pullitfand the pull gravity that we didn't knee are shaking. shaking.aking. ing. y . y . . . >> but re we trying to? dark matter is d rethinking of our normal laws of avy or is it some other substance? that's a major frontier. . . . the physicists thin physicists thin physthyststa ourse, bauserse,rse, ' mer a'' pr re nails. ails so they think itso they a partitso they that doesn

that doesn h otat doesn doesn par doesn. par dsn. par dsn. par dar d i'll tak whateverllt is. llt . t augh r]t augh r] >> sere -- let'ere -- lboutut the k i mentioned earlier. ier. the power of poison. what is that? >> power of poison powson an exhibit wher we look at poisonook sonook k no he bad, but also poon the g po g >> give best example ofe of both. >> well, are all kinds of allinds o allinds oisons llinds oisons gs at oisons gs ats certain levels, certainai otations that otatioonatioonon thre bat for you but inor youor you smaller amounts are usr forntnt treatment. the chemicalthe chem ere had is a erit. d als the ific side ific side idid look at the poison in thee poisone alic wonrlalic and er and there'ers alysteries ale lookingoking poiso what caused the death of this -- of this dog or something else

and then you go and thena serio an clues to scover that. er ter t >> actually a laboractually >> and what about the solot about th ist th >> it's ed explore 2 ed elore ed e and we wer talking about thelkin fact t e faum has doneum hason hason hason expeditions fromexpeditiinning bu e big, e big,idispliny exhiistionsss and they are ve high tech. so off they go to the solomon to thn t islands to dive deep into theo the sea and find thesea an t biolumin cent fish. centntnt lso have too o o o build e spbuild e spild e tfitted for this worted for thted for it's extraordinary. hav s on it s t t t well as one of our invertee of our izoologists and it's amazing. the fish are magnificently beautiful. and you' lead you' ea >> well, what happens is that by developing these technologiesse tse tit's like tit'n's like oit'n's oi's o o o in a cave th 's completel's mple black be use these cameras areeseese sensitive to certain kinds o cer k k

ths or you c refs ct c ref life -- light off creatures ands ands an ha them ere are noheos whatare te they've discovered is thiiscovered is entire world of these uorescent fish and othent fish a arms. they even found a eyowing greeneen worm his coral re hi hi just a tre ous am a tre ouam a treouam a treouam treouings gng on there thng on er can'see. ' >> a >>inding n spe>>in n s of n s >> oh, absolutely. oly. y. all e time. all >> central park, e cen en eally. eall in central p a k a k in central park we'ral in' 'gu ' agu ' agu ' to ese aren'tese aren' e arens that evolvarens thntral l park. rk. these are species that have neen identneied. nt >> thewere the>> butobodyheodyhe knew there the they didn' they d name? e? e? >>t's not like something crawled of awlecity lety stles. lele >> as kn charlie, ed chlie, edlie, e

wilson's ideas that rooted a lot of this ought and nos that's even more refined is mory're 8is million sp mimeiobut t ey' robably at least tenbly at least teast llion species out there andout ther mayb maybe 20. e 20. e 20. whows, really? ows,eallea >> not even counting the extcoct species. ot even counts the extincoxtincoco specie represent ly all life that e all lifd on the planet. >> s ain? s >> most species are extinct. e ex w've weut a lve o weuts weuts we rough time. >> because of the damage we doma we doma to the ecosystemto the eco to the eco >> no, 'm talking a'm stg ab extinctions. >> because of meteorites and all th >> and a species really -- the best we can tell, a we can te s on ave abos a ave abos ve ye so we havesoundredsoun thousand years left but y and even the we hevenisheass tinction events so most lifents so mfents so m is extinct that's ever lived on this plane thisthisthis >> but mainly thro butthose

--ro be -- b e mostly throue mostirst five extinction nts which onreonre l ca l ca l cal wha's called 's called 's called exticallon whi exti of courseausean mause. an m. an m >> s 's slate'heoryla about the meteorites and thend t extinction of e dinosaurs? >> hold that >> hol [laughter] au ve come a little bit you know? ad a couple adates wple i -- >> he was that owa o o o asteroids to o asteroidteid dinos. he's never forgiven unever that. ter] >> w ore pluralisti uralisti >> anythin dr >>ic happen? >>ic happe >> well, i t>> w evidence is -- would stil stil il with wiues, i'm convince he neo- e that theat theat the eviden thepretty str thethpretthet that asteroi that asteroi thth lot of damage on the planeage on whats mysterious aboutmyst ar was that? 5 million years ago. now number just changed to 66.t t 6 and about 70% 6 anab70% 6 an70% 6 an70% 6 an

but und st but und st butnd never chan neve >> y w,t' ymysteriousmystmy abouit y was it y wa seleive? u know. know. know. 30% ofho cies whoho through, including turh, inclu inclu nclu nclud. nclu turtles just galloped right gd right throh th thro oth. oth. oth>> they had no problem. no pro no p >> phad roblem. had >> another complicating factorplicic is tha h in these o er mass extinctionsmass ee is nionsmass n obvious evidence that an id esponsible ose. eroid man enient xcfor the one 65foe e millio ars miand thears miand themiane asanhysicist asaneadyciody dynd you one for eac you oof these but we can'budo that. the's no ethernce' what' what'ortant question you'd like to seed like swered ed >> i have three. sorry, e three. i want to know i wantrk matte i wantrk matte i want atte want to kn what da to knrgyt da to kn is. knis. i want to know howwant to knkn fromnimate ofromnimate ofrlife.

lili free. put in energy, shake and bake itnd bake it here they go. re t at some poin earth had nono no troublaccomplishing thismplishing thisshing thisappened latilyst in the history of they t eart eart earteart eartyogo from molecules to life to lif reod g life. life. fe and these are two great frontiers. ers. of course i just spoou a biolost spoou bio bio bio frontier but the astrophysut theys is thinking if you thi ding at thi ding ell me how you did itowid itow id iuse it mig id ipen onidid other planet. and t's this intersection is int is intthe as issicist and the and biogist. >> if i find out, i'll let youll let youll let you et y [lghter] [lghte [lgh [lgh [lghgh >> the most important question? ? think really it'thins about how doins abou wee pe ove the pe ove e e e fall in ve with nature -- whh is one of mike's of s ke's 's hey want to protect it. how do we make them curious inthe way that youthaid so they n and understand su t are going t fine our , many of them with questth purestst scientst scie scie scie scie scie scie hey can take better care ofr care of care themlves and our country and

we can be more competitive. ake people betake people qualied. al >> '>>about education. whicis why we've put so much about that. >> ditto neil and ellen. 's fors fors fors s s s i wod add one that's relatedtedto thedtonderstantonderstanst cision g and soon g and g and g and g g forth. a lot of us are woloing on these ion events a weev how is it e ecosystet red after reis devast n? and what i and what iat? w dose chaes occur? haescause's infor's's's at's going on now as going on now as mentioned, the sixth extinction event. the world is goinge wobe a lot lot different at the end of this ntury ntury centuries in teies of theof t way the biota hewa is chbiota . biota . biot so tho f lessons fromf lessons frf lefrf f f re important. orta >> i do th >> is where thee muse musely emuemumumumu and the whole sector plays a role. because these are places thae are

plare pl people can come, tople cople trust us for the information not to be dued down, watered down but to be accuratet to be acytet to can e rehings e rehings e hings e e e the powe reality andnd authenticity and then use thee digi to extend our reall over the gall nd the gl t g t allow m to afront afrontfrontfront thissu bout sissu ndsu nd science in way scie are a intriguing intrigprovokeigprovoke osity osm y nt to learn more that's the that'f ourthatth ga . >>nk you ell>>ank ou ell>>ll>>ll>>thank ll>>thanll>>than back in a moment. ck in stay with us. ♪ ♪

>> we have been tasked ave inde in and protect art the nazis haart the the stolen. the re excit getge started. we have the architecave ome arave ome aravome ar chicago, sculptor, the director of desidirectthe school of fine arts and a few other experts in varioexpertlds ofioexpertex art. robert edse robert edse wrote the book "the e numentse e e e men -- allied heroes, naziied herohehe thieves an thieves an to to to tos thst y of the gst ofhe gst ohe ghe g g men and women who worked to save europe' eu valuable art workst from t clutches of hitlers du du th th th th ta nd is directed bnd gege clooney. gehe's ju phe's ju

pw-upju p ju pokusing on the monuseng on theuseng on the men on theit's called “saving italy -- the race tly -- ly -- 's treasures f's s f's the nazis”nazis”n”na i' ease i' have roease eds have roease e back at this table. le e. >> thank y charlie. >> wlast saw you, you had, a book and no movie. nohas changed. press you deciding atou deciding atg at monuments men might mentme a a tion picture? tu >> well, i >> wause no wau wau matter how well a book does, there' s noththerthat s reach athat s s dwide global auddwide bettertter tteature m. m. this is such a visis istorchand it's hard to 'lieve there'se such an ep ry about world bout w waiiot in our public knowledge and here it is. d he. . there was tremendoere was tr but more focused o moe good guys. e n and women, dirn and t historians in mihistorge whohistor volunteered for service red fore charged withaving. g. aw the book aw bookstore, he mentioned to

george he thought it was goiout itt it to be a great story. and they had me out to theirou office within a few weeks after th th and i and i and a a spent a n their offi ll y long ruptions. just awering a lot of queson t as much onout the bookut other interuts i'duts i'ddd bet the 17 monuments officers, oer so many of the so many therhe so mtherso mth people who were participants talked about the manuscrbout the "sital "she book wasn' finiwasn' but we ware w editing s editi edidi aldigh the film is ngh aboutgh aboutgh italy it'gh itportant gh itndrt mateal. >> it' >>france andce andce brussels and brusselsthee russians and everybody else. very e why was th story notry not suffic suffic >> well, i think -- l, i tl, t >> because so mu>> bec been written abou wrd war ii. >> our fri >> our frional our frionalal -- nick mueller, besick munds stephen ambrose who is a ph.d. himself and .dows msouts msou world war ii contacted me aftertacted "monumen "mon out i20 "mon o and said "we need you id "we n at the museum. at the we don't know this't know thi

and i think those that haveave itten about their boousth were out of print. t. t. 't come 't 195' because their job cause st beginning after the war.g after after they had to return the art to the countrie thhicounhey werecouny werecouny weand ke other world wke oth w w ii veterans they didn't come homend bang their chnd babg their r what they'd done. up alke up alke up it got it gog of history and other story in have written about it have focused on details, more of an academice of a te tetimes focusedmes focuse on e bad guys were e bad gu and that' anl-important background. baound. baoubabaterestthisterestst kif soldie ki gf soldie gf soldf sold and whin the world would they wa om hwaing life made made to doing this. to ds. monument men monumo army'' monuments, fine monu and fine nu archives section. ives sec how d that becomw d th- becombehe sto? tre man named stout who's the character george clooney' character plays,aracte

george stokes in the film. and stou a pioneerou theneer neerervation of wos of art of s he fought in world far i, he'ss convinced there will be another rld war. he starts developing prtphletsle to prote merica' merial treasures that become res th the aftermath of thne thne pel rbor. rbor. . he s great risk nows risk ofnited states in thtewarte is that in t process ointryingss ointrss ointo defss oism defss oefss o o defeat western civfeatation in civn in c this effort. this e so he s up ith the idea ofith h ltural preservation officers. there's a bunch of 'pla buof 'buof ' lobbof por lo paul soor lo p director at the fog and francis y taylor at the y t. but stout's effort comes acrossrt comes aoss es aosent roosevelt's roosevnd likes erized theni d t d t d t t oth barbariansarba to destr culture, ittr culagainst that.

inummer of 194um near destruction of the last summer s plac allied boac anth ets off a lot ofetlarmofetlarmbells. lls. 's publ an's pu in theththth days after that anys afte't anys afte' urncy urncy eseuresee ficers and ey' and ey' and atopeople itove anyopledveleve leofitar leofound tar le tar transf them into asfive unitse unit but they' but they formal sect it's a bunch of iividbunch of attached to different armies one two here and there and stout stout is a remarkabl gu abecause notuse use he thinks of it but hingoes over there e er the glue. he's the calm force that goesce tha these sal mines and cavess where e teer of teerer thousand thn things and ten "n ork titen "nhe heathe hea of battle calm goeattlrough and assessesird assetionsetise s th andakes themak the tafet ally did he this s dide this s dide is s did and people wh and p p the art d understoodt d un nst time. >> there was and i think whe

moments officemoments oflity of what theyid is soeyso impressive. theyked their lives, twotheir live whom were killed dur wg combat w one american, one brit. so theseuys weren't sitting ining in office safely, their averagey,as about 40 years old. there e only about 4555 ficers ever italyrs ever talyrs ever talyrs e which is an ab rdly low number. 120 or so in europe by the e europ ofr two responsir twrsponsir twr r twrof the western continent but b only a dozen with the troops with trying to get intryingns andt intryins andt intr yes, in the closing months of the war hitler issues this kneeisne roe decree ordering albert spier to doy the infrastructure beca bers the german people a the weaker race. . and spier realize there is's a deat ence. deat en en there's confusion that i referat to it as a perioto it asoidasoid the bad gun't gu control but the good guybuaren'od guy'od guy in'od guy in there auy in there auy in there ahere a interptations of these orders by sof the mby sof the m nazis estruc tends to all the works o aart.

>> the s also a betweesotweeso russia and united stat uat u . or the cause of the fact that the russianshaelieved y have y have in the war hat is whe w kind of w payment for them. >> you're right and -- yo 're ' abso ight on ight ht th ht very heavily he war. he w 25on sov t people killedpeople k le duri the war. du he war. he war. 7.5 millio ldiersmillio llio the unit s the unontrast lo00 men anden. en. so there was so much of their countrgone, nothing togone, ckne, ck to, not making it , not inot t 's no basis in law for itis in law but when the laws were passed inwere paswewe the hagu conventhe hagu nventhha agait using woagaiof art as a art form o rations in kind. i don't know that anybody inin 1907 cou n fathom 25 om million op n one countryuntr beinuntr be >> show me what >> show meere. s a rs a rs as artifact. tifa this is one of the hitler albums or or or did it come in this box? ? >> no,e put this to,e r. e it's caused u's caing

cuoms coming into oms comitrytry when w ve when it ve . . was one of, w of, w o belie, may as many as 100s many as 10 as 10 as 10albums created for hit creatit creit c c c this looting organis loon showphotographs of the works of art that have been tolen from collectors in fraole ctth inve mbers vee family numbers. th s the 1,17t object stoleje the rothchild famhe rot ot family had a differentd a dient code. would be submittwo to hitler to show what a great job we' we'r inst we'r inst wer al things and hitl things ngs woulngfl hroughulngm hr mail order cat mail rom hiho bym by b a soldier up thereso there there there >> howid you get yowid ys on acted theacte numents men foundations men founmen fofo our uncle was our un the closin eks closinar. ck sock. sock. . yee his remarkablehi igraph igraph igraph igraph igraph igph

number numbbum m happens to be very intact. ve th iciousart oft of y're doing. re so you see the nventory numbersnvenumbenvumbenvumbenvumumumd,, umd,aislslsl and so you see each of theseof theseof families, th famif the artistmi and the name of and thrk of art anside t lbumre t tselbumreselbreseresereseresephotographph remarkable photographs of the works of art have been sto have bee be e bethis case this is cas rod 437. d d d e painting of a e painit of aaaaa woma womale thing about that is the first is album that the foundation has all in thesessl n thesessl n these erican sols erican sol pi these pi in different units.differ this painting is one oaintinisntis phot you have with wormer though the albth t ound abouthree and aututut half hou y from a c a c the cast s where 21,000 ofere 21,0 of these works of art stolen by the

nawere f nat wormersers ansold rs are tearing down the steps nd they're carryi his cating. s ng s ng s it's a rkable coinc cele coi and it was informative because r go friends at the national ation onchive have done such a gve donon job ving these documents didn't kn there were these werese additional o addi. di. the 39 alb s that the monuments monum officers found offithe proundy prosecutio hibit ec the nuremberg trials frembhe portionoror of the trialpertaining to theainith ai theft. theft.eft. his is part of the crime scd no one could see it as ch ch it's taken it's erspective to see it. now 're iw ortan're iw ortan' w orta w or we've d we other three albums of mon ts men i morma ts men i morma ts men ts men ts men ts men this one will l hel

he extraornary effxtraby effxtrabysands of volunteers.s of s of i cover this a this a lot g italy. y.it is entombitbrick. the great fearthe greatrthe greatrrer is that r i hat r it r i i ll bomb and thll bomb an will collaps wi laps wi laps supp was protted by local museum officials. t is a miracle tt survived a ved a ved a f f f f are all are these precarious moments. > what> ggest losses> gges duringr? >> i think the frescoes at a in padua is ctan pa aa is c remarkable loss and it was was wasasasas

asifying t e monument t e monumentnumentficers in ity fice arey fice looking at these phoing aphsing es damage photos but theseotos but art hist ians looking a ooking a ooking thndooking thndis is ath is ath atastroph d when they d en photo of the lasphsupper, of the bu re there' re there the east tl, the paint tis on tis o the north wall, there'wano roo'wano roo roo and braces are holdingaces ae wallm bo walltheybo wallwa realize th ets off the alarets off al bells from beton and it's a' moment of inflecmoment of inecmomeinec >> and tell the st and tell reey found a ley fe le l ls. >> wel o think this is just on m examples in thisples in i've tried to'll ao'll allm --ot om --ot o tell in e monumell imen ofme me me ger thanger than ctiothan th the monu thcemo at thecemo at th begig their role isle preser e monume me e monume monume me preservati prers trti o steeli bomstee awalifromee awalifree a freees freeumen frfrfr into g in devastatio is sdevastre theis '' n' preserve and they've a go western europ westernurop w cities, michelangelo, theangelo, theananan

madonna is misng, nna is misf thous of w thourom paof wofof and they rt anir role as arte as art detectives at really i aryry ard. it's funn to me, a lot of thee, scenes in th scenesch i think ge did suc great job uc b uc that a the most unbelievhe most unost unost osos scre tsc arescrere exactly as they exactly as they ectly thha eedly edly tooth ache needing to go see ao go a gean denti - god forbid. - god forb >> he knows somebodye kn somebodye kn >> and you've got an ove've got conversatiiscodentistioisois osays "my s osaw has a buhs a buhs a ha a or or so the son-in-law isn't to toon't n't't hato s m haents men show show show shoith qu s. s. t's extltrue. exue. ex ry important they find ttair their theirir the ma ton a utma ton a utma t a whermaare the wowhergoarg to lt mine mine min min austria. tria. and it elu d em up until then u and by coinc ence they oinc oinc out. >> then they find out that allind that all th t the whole entire germ eco is dependen n of these mine of

>> they trver that. trver that. trr thattrr thattr there's a there's a there'a seesome women walkinompast curfew, one of whom is pregnant. anthey explain that, well, she's going the's going the's e'cetera. thffer her a ridanershererer ints ints and and ae worl ts oute worle ts oute worl ts oute worl ts omie wory a themie woryande wo there's an athere'eshly mo athere'eshly walled u nd tway open t upwaopen t upwaopen find the ivalent of -- it woul like scov likrtikrt knox by accident. dent. me $5 billiome $5 billme $5 billme $llme $llme $llllll curr curmy wa y wa focused on that. the monuments ofthe monumees ofs of callmmed callause therere weho ands awehousandsds ads a works of art from the berlin fro ums th um evacuatedvacu s befo o gethem out ofthf allied b . ededed >> let's talk about pictures youyo have yon see threeorgetheorgrgrg stourg stou stou there th tell the bout the madonna. ma ma >> well, the madonna, it' madsuchit'' a greapl a grheplofa grheplofa grheemofa ated lootiem takined lem takined lem ted lem t lem tem tem em itled the nazissbecause you would fiusre hu an nature, the allies from a fealli down the road from b tggeoad

d thgermans are thgermans an well, we hav w't we hav piece we n et we nac et nac geac ge ge ge rive up in an ambuve up in the dead of nithe hey come iny me iny mey at gunpoint take the gruj etake tta t taadonna. taadtatatap mattress an mat can see it' can ill around it. ook other paintings andr paintiandr paindr pain put it on a ship, take it aroundtake it nd the north sea a the ne in thehe n t a salt mine ana saltnuments officers, it's onrs, the lastastast scoverey msce an you see stout, who, again, is whoain,s hoain,expert iain, protectorkstect but tre a no rule no ru books or gbos for what yous for whfo do when you finddo when you hen n n michaelangelo onel onel the ground the s to find ae s to f way itate it a move atatatat downarrow passagwnarin a go ral miles without dingins withou on the s on thel. thel. 's a dramati'ent. en >> next is 65 years after thete thisharry ettlinger. r. r'our youngest monouentsents officer, s ofing. 88rs old. he' e of fi'livingving vingnument vingnu vingnu vivi we'iv weon 'iv weon 'iv weon h'iv weonreat 'iv o'harry'hais fa'h's

hold in t'lmhold in t'lmhol'l' actor tri leidis that george was mastereorgin nding. nding. they was las thto have a ba thto thto mitzvah in germanytzva tzva hi lees beforee kristallnach kris upew jery, he jery, hey, hey, he s down wo js o towo js j j nd life nd lif lif ifction goes into the earn a army, drafted and my, drafte new untry to go fight a wato go fiwa olcoun whenhe mon ents men a mon ents a mon en a m the closing monthse clthe war,ntclth they' inding these documding t and they realize he speaks rm hey rm lahey rmlahe they pull him they phersone works with is e e manwithe n e whnes on towhnsixtn towh rector of the mere orthth >>hat's played by's played by'ed by 'ed by'y he' e wund' in e wundrldwundrld museums. >> people kept >> pg he waspt >> pen he went over there, 40. 0. towards of the war he was the curato wa therato wa the cler d matt s chd mater, nams chd mate granger, gran great job. an g >> this al this al this

general pa ged general ged ower ectiowmanowmanowmans in the mine. s in so after they foun afte mine these guys came at what poiname at wha >> they come -- yo tput comeput comet comet comet finger on it. april 12, we still have almost a month ofst a the war g on and eisenhog oneng int any because thth to to this story e gold and t e of art from the museums, it's such an incredible storyryryry even evar believ believ believbeliev liev go in this licketo in this lis li some 2,000 f some into f somesome salt mine, the saltthe gold forld forld forselves, look at thlves, loof art and there are some horrificc scenes they discover chests dislever thldh other rksh oth that are tined to are elted,d, eyt ha 't t ha ' but apl 12 but apric dayri duri ar. eave to go to theo e first co tratfirscamp berated rican forces in ord riff and t is there thathere tpa and bpa -- patt bpa -- patt bpa -- b throws up bing upws uinst bin bunkers he's so sic he'

eisenhower writes these deeply movi letters movine llrs ne lne l marshall layin marshalle ayin mand the press becausehe0 yess b from nowsomeone says thisys tdn't happen we need to ppen we need to pp it."need to ppit."it."it it but wh it -- and that night,y the way, when ththe're going to sep they g nd sep they g that president that plt died lt died at day so there at day s day s o save t ho save t ho h but there was a focus on trying to s defto sans. and the que and the que a the a the film e film is it wofilm wofi >> and i think one of the monu cers refrain ice qu n a pequt way.n a t wa d, inion asn't wo asn' life of any life orican boy orin boy n boto trade i n boa single work of t but riskint lifriskinaa ca risk that's worths taking erstantaking erstantaerstan killederst lleder and i thin thatans a better ways a bett bett ing how these

monume ficemonume ficenu fi it was like democr was like frmo wase frmo w speech and t speethe ro t ayed in trying to maure ou mam -- which was not ee -- is preserved. . i men onedhe supervisorshe serer the american gives in the next in the slide. sl sl sl yosle caryosle tingss wnhe steps owncahe s. wncahe s. he she s som hem made their time with a castle in germany. >> in this case it is madd ludwig's castdwigbou's dwigb's d's 's newshour half southwest ofhwest ofest ofesofeses muni rimunithis wrimunithis wrimuri one of the n onof hidin n onof h places where works of art from france were taken ---- >> tk abou>>plk aby catek aby cate ch 'ch s of the whole thing. t a cate anchett anate ant dan's character'ave thar -- they b theyut so th th th beautifully, i tried to do my best in describing hit in scriit in bon there's th thourts's th on's n's vetting process vettinlanchett

o a curator of a curatthat all the sthat all the sthat theat t art are going rougare go for four years she's sers she'' she' keeping keeping k nd t nazis are well aware are well are well aret bul ey don't bul understandt bul understandbul understandbul understandundeunde speaks german and eaks germa secret notes, observing, creates list of all these things andthin where they've gone and at theone end -- when the - liberation occurs in august ccurs s and recovery, they are pushedey are p together l togethere at toe at danc encouraged to get totokn each other an elk becher anlk beclk b b the se so bad doesn'want to give up herhe formation to anybody. it goes on fitr ors iveive months. she doesn't trust her at tt trusher at tt tt t ginng. st. and i said matt damon and catet daand blancht do a gblanch of showing this dialogue and theygud th had a shared i erest in thet in tt inlove of art. inlot. in i think key here witink e y heof them is both recognizerecoizeey peoey des peoey deses thes ththesy. thesy. ro no re the stuff is but she's not in th'itart in th'itar h'itno met h'et heet he tr heortation. . . wormer on the other hand kthws

g g he now realizes he nan realizes s of art for fras of art for fra f f f f so it's fabulous subplotwibigger story tory >> the next sl >>shows georgeows ge stt stt ce. t ce. >> ' ltural icon ltur lt at lning tower of piningr e eiffel tower and iffel ts inel tel tel t mber of pi. you wh see is wh s s s this central section, theal sectieal sealal adorhe loryihe loryihe lyihe to fe out, again, how do youghly constedghlyonedlyonly that different countries owned count ns of and thenns of anldportions hbe given given er k to belgium and and and and was wasr' 's fr wasr' 's 'begi g of the war. >> last slide shows harry andy andy y le ford expectle formbrandtmbramb ortrait. his is ahistor ahi ag who can make thiwho uff upke t ger, this ge ge

-year-ol monumentear-olinmonumenteainmont inmonte seeing a selnte rtrait a selnt rembr rng in th rng i i museum that as a young jhat as a yout as at as was never al was neveew go he happens to go intoo the salt m thamonlt me thamonlt me thamonlt me works ofrt that are inrt that salt mine besalt mine is me is me e this painting by ris paidt fg by ris his own hometo hi n ho it's itt time he sees it. . so now the story has been told thi thi en told until a in til a d hown til l was lors? wass? s? s? s? s? s? is there any metric that can describe what was lostbe w bebebe >> pe talk >>ut numbers inne tens twentys of twe twe iowe io it gets to be an exeets to be an exeets to ban >> pieces . ces . ces ce ceof art, uralrt, ural objects. s. s. t was porcelain it's been' broken. ld coin it's beenit s melted. s me th ome things t wereings t we destroyewe a ngs went ernt viet ries, some w e brought back in thou'50s. >> some ar>> some are ar rengs re untries al untr world. untr world. lo. united s. tes haun. things that soldiers picked upd up as souvenirs. monuments men undationon

with the support of sony andnd george and gra gereated a 1866 toll free number. er. 1-866-wwii-art. 1- iirtncouids orncouthrids ncouthrids rids t uprids uprrr just con ct juoundatioct n't n't n't n't can elimite this and get this and ge the stuff ba e baba >> gat to see you, tha to ou. >> g o se yo gharlie. g ts ms bookok rober "allied heroes"alliell na na gretna gretna teanare hunt in history." thank for joinink for inr r r r r see you se you seyou ♪

>> live from pier three in san francisco, welcome to the late edition of "bloomberg west. i'm emily chang. our focus is on innovation technology, and the future of business. some concerns are not just hitting twitter, but also apparently linked in. sales hit $447 million in the fourth quarter, a 47% gain. profit was a 67% drop.