♪ >> from our studios in new york city, this is "charlie rose." >> you have heard in the days of this summit that it is historic, they can change things.

but african leaders are here. i want to hear from them in terms of the significance of this conference, and what you expect, what you need, and how you see what you have been hearing here. >> this conference is significant. it is the first of its kind, first-ever. summit, bringing african leaders together with u.s. leadership. has relationss. with all the other countries gathered here. diplomatic, receiving assistance from them. but the meeting that brings together the u.s. government and the u.s. private sector, this is unique.

and we have a lot of expectations, because we want to move, not only from our relationship between aid donor and aid recipient, but we want to move to the next level now of investment. many ofolleagues can, us have been visiting the united states, many towns. talking toforums, u.s. businessmen, and we have not been as successful. i think this time the president and vice president, cretaryriat they -- se of state, of commerce, encouraging the u.s. business community to take africa seriously. i think this time we will make it. >> african states were extremely

interested in promoting a relationship with the united states, with the american business community, because if you want to solve some social and economic problems, we badly need the support of the united states and the american business community. but we have to learn from history. think, try to imagine the problem from the perspective of citizens.men, young, for them, it's important that there is an improvement of trade between the united states and africa and so forth, but what is most important for the citizens is the quality of life. to get better services and

education and so forth. sometimes you know, having an communitybusiness does not mean automatically that their life will improve. for instance, we can see in africa what we have seen in many other countries. widening the gap between rich and poor, pollution, and so forth. so we have to keep this in mind and be sure that improving the business climate, improving economic figures and so forth, that is not enough for african citizens. we have to link, and this is the main lesson we have to learn from history and from other countries, we have to link social development, political development, and economic development. otherwise we will make the same errors that have been made elsewhere.

i would not say it would be nothing, because of course if we do improve the fate of hundreds of millions of people it is important. like what has happened in china, for instance. but that is not enough. the lesson we have to go from, we have to link social and economic, social justice, political development, meeting democracy and human rights and fighting corruption, and then the economic development. if we do not link those three factors, what we are going to have is another situation leading to another crisis that will never end. offers an that this opportunity for us, as african leaders, to interact first with the government and secondly with the business community in the

united states. that is very important. i also think it came at the right time, when africa is in fact organizing itself better how before in terms of economically it is looking at itself, how it is developing necessary things like infrastructure, how it is looking at itself, the trade within africa which puts it in kind of a better position. it came at an opportune moment when, as you it has been a clear , left with one year

to elapse. and we have an opportunity to to putth those issues, our view to the united states that we want an extension so we can have a better relation between us. >> i would like very seriously to tell you how much i appreciate the initiative president obama has had to call for this meeting between africa and the united states. this is an historical opportunity that allows us to affirm the change of perspective towards a vision of africa, af rica which used to need aid. i will give you an example. in magazine " the economist" may 2000 the headline was, the

picture, i young guy with a kalashnikov and said, "africa at war, the hopeless continent." 10 years later, the same economist," have a title about growth in africa, saying "a lion in a cage," the title was, "uncaging the lion." this image, within 10 years, shows you how africa has changed. thisher, we must modify image here. the business community of the united states would feel more at , in order confident to work with the african private sector. africa is a huge continent.

there is room for everybody. chinese,, europeans, everybody has a place in africa. continent of over 30 million square kilometers. everything has to be made. roads, railways, there is opportunity for africans and the rest of the world. africa must no longer be seen as a land of humanitarian emergencies or diseases for instance. even though right now we are facing a terrible epidemic of ebola. these things need to be treated. the world must be optimistic towards africa. >> people are talking about partnering globally and locally, , asal and local, together the best way of creating a partnership. that peopleo add

are also talking about the continent, of africa. even when there are known problems talked about, for example, a lack of electricity, lack of power. some say, imagine what would happen in terms of growth rates across africa if there was no shortage of power. about many of the things. so through this partnership, things that exist in africa today, technology,

business, trade and investments, the benefits that come with that being sales -- filled, that will terms ofhed in growth as well as development. be --rst, we have to growth cans on which translate into development. members in the partnership, they have responsibilities and roles to play. on our side, we still have to grow more -- do more of providing for business. ease of doing business. inhave to continue investing creating rule of law.

continue providing education to our people, and skills. many things, including health. populations need to have good addition to education. continue.h will >> a story that was referenced on the front pages of newspapers around the world is the ebola crisis. there is some concern expressed loudly of a tipping point. tell me what your fears are. >> right now, the epidemic is in west africa. tanzania is in east africa. [laughter] [applause] --but planes go

>> not only that. there was an ebola outbreak in the congo. there was an outbreak last year in uganda. we arere, first concerned, and we are most mechanisms, we have of possible response. i think we established lots to that effect, just in case there is a report of a possible ebola outbreak or ebola infected nadon, we do the evaluation analysis with that which is there. we are taking precautions, just in case. people travel.

>> is there in your judgment a sense there was a misconception about africa in terms of specific countries? with respect to that, is there something the business community and private sector may have a , or be badly about informed? andhere is a perception there is reality. the perception of the business world, the global world, the political world of african democracy, of good governance, is the wrong perception. because what you see in the media, in one or two or three countries, is not what is going on in the rest of the continent. remember, africa is 54 countries.

on a day-to-day basis, they all try to build a long-lasting democracy. in africaare the rule today. there are exceptions here and there. this should not be the image you have of africa. i keep meaning to say, the negative vision you might have, it is an unfair vision of africa. the global norm in africa is democracy. democracy is installing itself. there are exceptions, that can happen, but africa, the majority of countries had independence not quite 20 years ago. the largest of our countries, south africa. kenya, the countries,

63. free?ng has africa been would you like for africa to be in the same level as u.s., france, europe? it is impossible. it is asking too much. i am no less democratic than an american or european, but i fully understand the history of each country, of each nation. let's be fair towards these people in africa, towards these african countries that are trying to have a democratic process. that is what you should remember. today you have the rule of law in africa, press freedom in africa. you have the freedom to create a business. yes, there is corruption. there is corruption everywhere else. fight very to strongly against corruption.

you have to be optimistic on africa. you have to start the fight for development, and i call on american businessmen -- there is no risk, no more than anywhere else, in africa. and your investment return is much higher. sayebola virus -- let me how big is my solidarity towards other victims. i'm a neighbor of guinea. eyere in the crucible, the of the cyclone, but i will tell the international community that ebola is a devastating virus. it is not an african disease. you have to see this virus as a threat against humanity, because

all you need is a flight to the u.s. or europe so we have a wor ld crisis. so we have to mobilize all the scientists in the world, all the researchers have to work, in order to win, just like for the plague, tb, like aids is being vanquished. it is this solidarity of the international community we are requesting to support the victims. >> i think a partnership like this one provides the opportunity of the summit. africa needs to continue building our capacities. avoid all theo dependency that has been there too long.

but you have to avoid that by building cooperation and integration, people working together. to own up are able to our weaknesses and own up to our solutions and contributing to solutions. can't even tell our story. we depend on others to tell our story. that is how this discussion has come about. waste.s not much time to africa, ins with terms of building this consensus, this working together, this owning up so we

cooperate and partner with others rather than being too dependent on them. this is an opportunity we have in front of us to leverage this partnership. >> thank you very much. agree., i would like to as as think of ebola disease affecting humanity. rather than just an african problem. africa islier, organizing itself. even the health organizations continental eight are working together. we are confident that this time around, we are working together to address this problem of ebola. an i must also say, there is unfortunate thing.

at times, a perception. even countries that are fighting corruption, the very fact that they are fighting corruption is a story that there is more corruption in these countries. that is the problem you have. as of now, is organized. we discussed many of these . in a together in the a.u manner that is far better than 20 years ago. we share everything together. resolutions,n where we say, let us deal with this challenge that faces us today. it is important for people to look at africa and see that africa is changing. it is a good story coming out of the continent of africa in terms of working together, in terms of understanding our problems,

owning up to what in the past have been mistakes. today, i think we stand a better chance as a continental to better ourselves -- continent to better ourselves. we appreciate this opportunity. we have been in a position to tell her own story, rather than people telling the story. national presshe club. one of the things i said, the africa today or the africa of yesterday or the day before yesterday, africa has changed. the african economy is performing better today.

six of the 10 fastest-growing economies are in africa. 2015, it is and projected that seven out of the 10 fastest-growing economies will be in africa. ?hy are we there because of sound economic policies. also, the pursuit of sound political policies. there is, democracy has taken root. is enshrined. there is stronger commitment now to fight corruption, drug trafficking, drug abuse. for humanore respect

rights. there are fewer conflicts on the continent today. that does not mean, except of course there are a few hotspots. when you look at what is happening, conflict areas in africa. unfortunately, this is the good story which is not being told. >> i don't think that's true. i think there is some concern -- >> this is the perception. if there is a problem, i don't a is going toic get out of being perceived. africa is a continent. there are different countries. they are different in terms of culture, particular situation, and until we get to a situation

where africa will be seen in the 54 countries that exist, we will knock it out of it. >> i have one final question. we're out of time, but you raised the question of security. there is some concern about security. we do read about how they publicize stories, boko haram and 200 children. we know about sometimes the absence of respect for boundaries. what do any of you want to say about security in africa today as part of a message you want to convey to this audience here? anyone? todayica is more secure than it was many years ago. mention the problem areas. areas which used

to have a huge conflict, and now the situation is much better. but al-shabaab has not been eliminated. from time to time, that is a struggle. they ignite a bomb there from time to time. we had a problem in darfur. the situation is much more under control now than it was. we had a problem -- the situation is much better now than what it was in the past. >> we still have huge problems in parts of africa, in sudan, where people are starving. there is a terrible situation in sudan, and a terrible situation in the northern part of mali. africa is of course much more secure than before, but we still are facing challenges, important challenges of security, and we

have to work together as africa. this is what we are trying to do about libya, the countries around libya, to secure this country together. we have to face the problems, and we have to work together. we are able to control it and we will control it to give the business community more security and stability. we reached a stage in africa fewe almost you can count a problematic areas. things haven africa, affected the arab countries in the north. have countries that have volunteered.

in twoe are working on takes' time, we will have n the principle of african problems and african solutions. we are on the basis of that taking a decision that we will not allow any insecurity in the continent. we are taking that upon ourselves. that in itself is an important story the world should know. thank you. >> on behalf of everyone, this audience, i appreciate your enthusiasm. i especially appreciate the summit on africa that we hear from africans and african leaders, and you have given that to us. i thank each of you. the president, i'm sure, will convey the same sense of appreciation when he comes.

but thank you, again, and thank each of you.

>> richard nixon resigned 40

years ago. the watergate scandal has defined his legacy. this imposed of more than 3000 hours of his phone calls. brinkley is ay -- cbs news contributor. i am pleased to have him. tell me how this came about. tapes."on >> i was doing a book about john kerry in the vietnam war and i was serious if nixon ever talked about kerry. sure enough, there was a project on the nixon tapes. he was doing transcriptions. later i was working on a walter how nixon- i found wanted to squash cronkite.

we are both from the town of perrysburg, ohio. i am at rice. he is at a&m. tapes andrough the thought we should transcribe them. >> what do we see? >> it is real-time, fly on the wall of what it was like to be in the nixon white house from 1971 to 1973. pulled duestem was to watergate. you are seeing the foreign policy on show. deeded domestic affairs to john ehrlichman. some of his domestic achievements like the environmental protection agency, early -- ehrlichman was all over that. and his role? >> he is the henchman.

the one person that nixon could do is miss with, even if it is devious. the trust between nixon and haldeman is. they say he had no friends except a white -- a love for his wife. haldeman was a friend. i heardend -- transcribing the tapes was more art than science. ones are easy to describe -- transcribe when they are on the phone. but there are bugs everywhere. some would call it inaudible. today's technology and if you get any year for the voices, luke prevailed. knowing nixon's voice or kissinger's is easy, but sometimes you don't know if it

is strom thorman or someone else. luke actually went to henry kissinger and went through them with -- to identify a bunch people we could not. between 1971 and 1973. ues of the jews -- iss time are the via john -- vietnam war. thisg, i have inherited mess and i could be a folk hero if i pull and eisenhower. use vietnam as a wedge to separate china from the soviet union. the book shows the triangulation between soviet union china and vietnam. how nixon is playing the game of realpolitik. relationship --

's real role is, nixon does not trust the state department. bookam rogers is in the quite a bit. >> secretary of state. >> dixon is isolating him all the time -- nixon is isolating him all the time to read -- all the time. they do form a great bond, nixon and kissinger. but when kissinger leaves the room -- saying you can't trust he will not jewish, be a fair broker and israel. or likes to be on tabloids and to have his picture taken. at one point, he is gossiping.

when kissinger comes back into the room, kissinger says, i had the opportunity for women. the brezhnev government was throwing prostitutes at me. i said, no way. i will not buy into that old trick. there is some humor. bigotry and prejudice. ugly talk. >> and my cynicism? -- anti -semitism? >> it rains anti-semitism. he said jewish americans as the liberal press. the new to go after york times. with that said, he was very pro-israel. he thought the israelis were top, can -- were tough, conservative fighting people. what he did not like was the liberal jewish establishment.

>> in the u.s.. >> in the u.s. that was becoming very antiwar. >> the movement to china, the opening to china. does nixon deserve the credit because he was president? did he originate the idea? >> i think we have to give him the credit. i say that because you can listen to the tapes and how he is making the chess game work. i will say this about nixon. he was a great student of foreign affairs. professor gilman will be coming out with a book showing how involved he was with eisenhower foreign policy. even though it took him a week to find a contribution he said? >> yes. ike wouldn't really enjoy sin -- endorse him much in 1960 but he did appreciate his contribution

to foreign policy. in china, nixon is a folk hero. on the tapes, you will not hear him denigrate the chinese people. oe almost worships now -- ma because he thinks they are honest to deal with wireless -- while russia is not. >> he had a contempt for john kant in the -- john kennedy? >> they were friends as congressmen but by 1960, when what he really does likes -- dislikes is the mythology of camelot. the selling of it. he was envious that they succeeded. asrica out of kennedy profiles encourage, cuban missile crisis, berlin wall. kennedy and said, i

wonder what kennedy had -- i want what kennedy had. says, you haver competent. nixon flares up and says, anybody can be competent. >> here's akp rate nixon -- here is a tape. . >> kennedy was cold. impersonal. he treated his staff like dogs, particularly the secretaries. he didn't read. - >> he says he doesn't read. >> that's right. nixon was a big reader.

nixon will talk about greeks and romans. especially winston churchill. at how much world war ii meant to richard nixon. constantly saying, why can't we win in vietnam? look what we did in the battle of the bulge. at the airys mad force. they were lazy and did not want to bomb enough. between nixonon and the pentagon. >> with respect to his military advisers, did he respect them? >> i think there were some disrespect. he doesn't feel they want to win the war and off. -- enough. he feels the pentagon has fatigue of vietnam. he wanted to increase bombing. he could not stand it when they said a mission had been canceled because of bad weather.

nixon would say, what bad weather? there.america, we go in even if he thought he were going to lose, he thought it would show china he was so mad -- he told kissinger, let them think i am a madman. that says, don't mess with taiwan. don't mess with hong kong or japan. the allies in the pacific. >> he is not an introspective man. or is he? >> not very introspective. he is very well read and intelligent. maybe even brilliant. he always says the wrong thing to people at the wrong time. he tries to, where say the right thing, he often his mouth.ot in there are moments when you will hear the warmth. there is a moment where he calls joe biden where there the vice president lost his wife and

child. nixon calls him and it is moving. he tells biden, your wife at least got to see victory. got to see your win nixon could forgive politicians if they were winners. he was willing to smear people because he felt people were smearing him. that was just the game. when he resigned four years ago, he gave -- 40 years ago, he gave the famous theodore roosevelt man in the arena better to be fighting speech. >> credit belongs to those in the arena. he is not the first president to take. john kennedy taped. lyndon johnson taped. >> fdr did it a little. his reputation. tapes help us see how

he navigated through the cuban missile crisis. johnson, mixed but largely positive. we find that he cares about the poor people. >> especially be battle for civil rights. the --s doubts about about vietnam. >> those were not voice activated. nixon feels history is being lost. wasvisit -- is big mistake buying into the voice activated system. it is not selected. loose mike's pick up all kinds of things. >> he thought he would destroy the bad. >> i can do your show many years ago as a friend of their thompson -- hunter thompson.

hunter wrote in fear and sure he, nixon was so was going to win, he got the supreme court was going to give him his tapes. >> the opposite. nixon says, i knew we would get the when he hears the verdict is 8-0. but it was 8-0 the other way. the point is, nixon thought these were his. >> could he have destroyed them after it? >> henry kissinger recommended it. nothing -- nelson rockefeller recommended it. >> they said burn them. >> even after the court decision, he could have done it? controversy but we would not have these moments. >> would he have survived?

>> i don't know. it hurts him in history. he thought it would be the grist for his post-presidency. he wrote some pretty good books about the soviet union and leadership. the voice-activated bit kills you in history. after he came back to new york, he would have dinner at with people -- in new jersey with people. >> monica who was his assistant wrote books about him. >> would you think about reagan? >> i did reagan's diary. he looks like a giant compared to nixon. enough to stay over the noise. he did not let his critics get to him. he did not read his bad press. nixon is reading his bad press and stewing in anger.

nixon wants to destroy the press. the smart presidents, john f. kennedy, reagan -- >> they try to seduce the press. hatredt least don't get in your hearts. that is what does him in. so many journalists were turned against him. who wrote athews, book about jack kennedy, said nixon is not one of the people who realizes he gets caught. caught.et i don't know what to make of that. >> grandiosity. that is a point. andn's sense of grandiosity entitlement. he did not like a lot of people. he hated the armored -- harvard and yale crowd.

i am always amazed to see how hardscrabble he had it. how much you try to accommodate tough.ensate by acting he would try to shock people and control the room. tell pd jokes. -- pg jokes. reagan calls in as governor and talks to nixon. we are able to hear nixon's invites to ronald reagan. he was very angry about the diplomacy with china. reagan that we had to stand by taiwan at all costs. >> never give up the panama canal. >> anybody reading this on the right will say, that is the reagan i like. nixon is telling, the liberals

don't know if they lose me, they are going to get a revolution of right wingers. i'm the guy holding . -- holding the line. be on me and the republican party, it will be only to the right. he was right. >> ronald reagan. >> reagan -- some people call nixon one of the last new dealers. he still believed government could do things. >> here's ronald reagan and a call to express his disgust with the u.n. vote to admit china and expel taiwan. >> that was a bad vote. we worked our tails off, i must say. 54-59. i just finished a meeting with ted agnew. he is back from greece and turkey. both of whom we got. we did not get iran to review --

ironic. -- we did not get iran. the african countries were disappointing.

>> the go. -- there you go. >> it goes on where they are suggesting george herbert walker bush tell the u.n. we are not giving an ambassador. we are just going to sit and not vote. we will not officially pull out but not partake. >> what do you think of this new poll that suggests president obama is the worst president since president nixon? >> in the long game of history, you will see president obama ranked higher than nixon. presidents get an upward revision. george 41 is going up. nixon is toward the bottom because of watergate,

obstruction of justice, abuse of power. the racial slurs. talking about people, that they are dirt. it is very hard in a sound bite americans who -- to flow -- any sound bite america to float very high. obama had a fine personal life. being a see obama historic first. he will not be by james buchanan or richard nixon. >> of all the people you have written about, who do you admire the most? >> theodore roosevelt and franklin roosevelt. they put public service first. they cared about the country. tr was more conservative. their pragmatism and love of the land. both tr and fdr loved rivers and lakes. they thought in order to love

america, you had to be a custodian. >> i knew that about tr but not about fdr. >> he planted for the civilian conservation corps. was shut out and fdr created bird flight a waste -- fly ways. america owes a lot to that family. ken burns is doing a documentary on the roosevelt. >> i have talked to him about it. there is -- who is the smartest? >> in the nixon tapes? have all the people that occupied that you know about? with historians agree on one person? sheer brainpower. >> i would go with these or -- theodore roosevelt. thomas jefferson.

george washington in his own way. there are only a few intellectual events. >> fdr was not that. >> jimmy carter was marred. he is very smart. >> clinton? some said it was the smartest -- he was the smartest president he had ever met. >> nixon was very smart. kennedy, not bookish smart. it is not all about intelligence. >> what about johnson? >> johnson was not as well read. when he did read something, it meant something. there's a story of john steinbeck visiting with lbj. he loves steinbeck. i go with jefferson and theodore roosevelt. the most literate of the presidents. >> you are including well read in a sense of intellectual culture. n the book is called "the nixobn tapes."

>> thanks charlie. >> thank you for joining us. see you next time. ♪

. .

>> welcome to "money clip." for adam crumpton in johnson. here is the rundown. in media, it is not just "frozen." and corporatee america raised their glasses. in world, vladimir putin wants to ban u.s. and eu products in russia. college retaliation for sanctions on the west. today's wildcard, johnson gets fired