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him of the new york city, ."is is "charlie rose oscar was a giant of the

fashion industry. special onems was a al'sis triumphs was am wedding dress for her marriage to george clooney. own infirmity years, he grew up a new -- i have known them for many years, he grew up in the dominican republic. >> while i was in spain -- i was from a big family, i am the youngest. it was a lot of pressure on me to come back to the dominican republic. i did not see myself selling

insurance. i tried to demonstrate my father that i could make it on my own. fashiond doing illustrations for magazines in spain because i could do it very well. that led me to the fashion houses and to learn what fashion was all about. he offered me a job to come and work as an illustrator in his house. .hat really is the getting i never, ever went to fashion bestl, but i went to the fashion school, because i had the opportunity to work in house so i could see how they were constructed. so i could be a fashion designer and paint. i kept doing goes for a long period of time over the years that i lived in paris.

each time, i did it less and less. finally, when i came to work in the united states, i realized well, you something have to do only one thing. most of the people who are talented to do a lot of different things, but to do something very well, to do only one thing. >> oscar called the world's attention in the 60's when he dressed jacqueline kennedy, the first lady. >> you have dressed every first lady for half a century. but not mrs. obama. >> she is a very stylish lady. >> michelle obama filled that wish earlier this month. the first lady closest to oscar was hillary clinton. she wants joked that he had been working for 20 years to turn her into a fashion icon. last year, she presented him

with a lifetime achievement award. >> there was a receiving line in the white house. people were coming through and they were making small talk and exchanging pleasantries. and i met,ame oscar ,is fabulous wife -- annette his fabulous wife. i reached out to shake his hand and he looked me up and down and said that is one of my dresses. i said, really. i was then, as i am now, such a fashion icon myself. [laughter] iti said, really, i bought to wear for this occasion. he said, turnaround. i said, oh my god, i am being examined by oscar de la renta. but it started a great friendship that has meant the world to me and to my family. [applause] honored toelievably

-- i canreat friend call her my best friend present this award to me tonight. road.as been a long you know, i have to tell you, perhaps you would not like me to say this. i hope she is going to be my n -- our next president. >> oscar seem to understand women. laura bush explained in a film shown at the george w. bush presidential library. >> for five decades, oscar de la --ta has made dresses that and look beautiful.

i am wearing one of my new favorites. this is a dressy made for me to wear for the opening of the bush center. >> the same traits that made him popular with first ladies and celebrities made him popular with women everywhere. the important thing to remember is that they are professional women. michael is are expensive and for executive women, women who can buy clothes red and i sense, fashion has changed a great deal sense i started in the 60's, because it is the longer a lady of leisure as the most important consumer. it is the professional consumer. >> people who work outside of the home. >> at the same time, because they form an active part of the world and what happens, they know more about fashion than any woman in history before. because they are a true consumer in the sense that what they buy is a real need.

even the formula of dressing has changed, does the woman does not have the luxury of dressing during the day and then going home and changing for the night most of the time. close after having elasticity that gives the possibility of going all day in the same dress. >> the understanding made oscar a great commercial success. >> in fashion, there has to be a delicate balance. closer very interesting, they are very difficult. -- clothes are very interesting, they are very difficult. this is a business where you are as good as your last collection. you have to worry if you are overexposing yourself. -- you see is the press writing about someone that is young and very talented, and then they are out of business. why are they out of business?

he forgets that the fashion show is not what really matters. fashion only starts when a woman buys a dress. you can show extraordinary dresses on the runway and it means nothing. >> then why do you do it? press, butct the also to get women to want to wear the clothes. >> the couture line and the runway extravaganza is just symbolic. it is just a way of saying, what? it is a miniscule portion of your business. a losing proposition. >> you need the projection of the fashion show. you go to a show, you do it in new york or paris, or the world, the profile over the world. especially in france, you show in paris, you get worldwide

attention, that is important for your business. at the same time, these close have to serve a purpose. after surveyhes purpose. the women have to want to wear these clothes it. and a lot of people forget a fact that a woman has to wear these clothes. >> despite his new york home in his travels around the world, oscar de la renta's heart was always in the dominican republic, where he opened an offer ledge. -- an orphanage. >> i left when i was 18 years old and i have not lived there since that time, but it is still in my heart and i am still a dominican. is signified by accident. i had a lady like him to be and she had this idea to locate some of the children who are in the

street and asked if i would help her rent a room in town to try to give classes to these children. i was not sure the idea was a good idea, but i said that i would help her, with a small budget, not very much money. we started with eight children, today we are taking their of over 400 children on a daily basis. >> what does it mean to you question mark >> i do a for selfish reasons, it gives me tremendous pleasure. it gives me a perspective on what life is really about. >> and the spectrum of life from the streets. >> my world, that i work with, -- it is not a very realistic world. the involved with these children gives me a very different perspective on what life is all about. ask whether due to adopt one. >> what led you to adopt

one. >> again it was an accident. time that i was single, i did it. i had opted moses because he was the youngest child at the orphanage. because hed moses was the youngest child at the orphanage. it just happened. long between the time that he had been discovered did you make this decision? life whename into our he was just 24 hours old. we kept them on an incubator for three months. and then he came to live at the orphanage at the age of three months. when he was about eight months when we took them to the doctor, i said, what would be the best thing for moses? in thename came because

hospital -- and the name came haduse at the hospital, he no name, and they called moses because of the biblical connections. i said, what would be the best thing, and they said, if you could find him a nice home. i took him home with me because he had a very bad cold, but in my mind, i knew that he was going to stay there. >> oscar de la renta is survived by his remarkable wife annette. she was there when he struggle with cancer and they were an incredible couple. also his son moses, three sisters, and a legacy doubled up on. oscar de la renta -- that will live on red oscar de la renta, dead at 82. the great editor ben bradley. on tuesday at the age of 93.

he presided over "the washington post" for 26 years, where he helped defined american journalism. his editorial skills helped guide the newspaper on a parent national scandals. because the world's attention in 1971, when he and publisher katharine graham published a classified study of the vietnam war known as the pentagon papers. he spoke to me about that time and his rivalry with "the new york times." the new york times had gotten it, it was their story, and they had published it for three days. we were just sucking air. we did not have it. we had to do that most integrating of all newspaper acts, you have to quote the other paper. blah, "thelah blah new york times" said today. >> later, he backed the reporters that broke the story that led to president nixon's rent -- resignation.

>> that accentuated what the pentagon papers had done for you . you were a force to be reckoned with and you would beat everybody. map. put us on the nixon bid. and then it -- nixon did. and then it put us on the stage, where journalists are not supposed to be and they are not very comfortable and particularly good at. that rattled the software while. -- rattled us all for a while. i talked to bob ward word and bernstein and they reflected on andr time -- bob woodward bernstein and they reflected on their time working with them. >> the had this class offers a new could see who was working in there, and he would get out in there would be a hundred pairs of eyes following him around. where is he going, what is the action? if dubya people were sitting

around and talking, he would come up and say, what is happening? there was a sense that we are not digging deep enough. there is a mystery out there, go get it. >> there were numerous times when he would say to us -- we would give him the story and we would think it was a hell of a story, and he would say that you have not got it yet. get another source. -- go out and get another source. so, this is when you were 29 or 30 years old. you will never see another story this good again. >> who knows? [laughter] into ar book was turned movie hit starring jason robards and oscar-winning turn as an en bradley. b >> do any of them have an action? political, sexual?

is or anything at all on nixon? it, when is anybody going to go on this story? you guys are about to write a story that says that the attorney general of the highest-ranking law enforcement officer in the country is a crook. be sure you are right. >> ben came from a family of boston brahmins. he served in the naval intelligence during world war ii . he told me about that experience and how it prepared and for being a newspaper editor. >> i have known better reporters and better writers did i was getting to be a better writer when they made me an editor. you do not write when you are an editor. you maybe rewrite woodward and bernstein's leads, but that is 120 words. were born for it. >> i had a job in a destroyer,

which is exactly like a job. they were just beginning to form something called the cic,, -- combatn center information center, where they would concentrate all of the information coming into the destroyer from all of the sources. sonar, radar, radio, eyesight, lookouts, engine room. having it all go to the captain, it all went to the cic officer. and he parceled it out to the people who had to know it. as an editor, you get all the information and you make the decisions. they were identical jobs. i think i was curious. i figure came along at the perfect time. you cannot quibble with my sense of timing. the war he was the

washington bureau chief at "newsweek." had befriended his neighbor, a senator from massachusetts called john f. kennedy. he spoke to me about that relationship and his relationship with jacqueline kennedy. >> she was never comfortable with the fact that i was a journalist. it was almost like she would say that maybe we were saying too much in front of ben. >> i bet she set it to them, you know, pillow talk. -- said it to him, you know, pillow talk. back from dallas, with her clothes stained is still with the president's blood, and came to tony and me and started talking and started telling what happened, she interrupted herself in mid this is not to say, to be used in any way.

not for the post. do for would you "newsweek?" >> that is appalling, it is in the middle of incredible grief and a traumatic occasion and she still has to worry about whether someone just talking to as a friend. that really knocked me down. i felt badly about that. >> that she would think that -- >> that she felt she had to think about that. >> several times later you met her and just walked right by. didn't hurt you? -- did it hurt you? >> sure. >> did you try to reach out? >> i wrote a letter, but i did it was too late. she was so sick when i wrote it. ben's connections gave him

insight into politics, but he remains skeptical of power players, as he explains in this interview. >> people do not tell the truth area and they do not tell the truth in a hundred different ways. it has become so easy to live that nobody recognizes lies. another rare connection with katharine graham launched his career at the post. herpoke with me about decision to hire him. >> i had an accidental lunch with ben because he had turned wo jobs in new york. i took him to lunch, and can you believe it, i took them to a club. he was the first man that i had said, do you want to have lunch with me? i was so self-conscious about paying the bill. it was so ridiculous.

anyway, he was then head of the "newsweek" bureau. he looked at me and he said, now that you asked me, i would give my left one to be the manager of the washington -- "the washington post." i said, maybe someday. >> bradley retired in 1991. donald graham said that thank god the person making the decisions in the last 26 years showed us how to do it with a verb and with got and with just with gutsereve and and with zest,. . >> i want to know the stuff that is not in the paper. what they struggled over and why they left about. -- it out. because i love those stories. >> why is this in the paper and why is is not in the paper?

>> i love when there are people yelling at me to put it in and people yelling at me to take it out. himresident obama honored with the metal of presidential freedom. him, journalism was not just a profession, it was a public good vital to the democracy. wife sally that he hopes to be remembered by a legacy of honesty. 93 -- beney, dead at bradley, dead at 93. ♪

year, she is an academy award nominated documentary film maker. for films are part of a trilogy on america post 9/11. she started receiving anonymous e-mails that would change more than just the course of her film. here is a trailer. .> -- laura. i can offer nothing more than my word. i'm a senior employee the intelligence community.

i have a high risk. everyone who cross, and civichow will you linotype, and the hands of a system whose -- i asked only that you make the information available to the american public. thank you it citizen four. u. citizen4 i go by ed. >> this is received the polk on theor her work

snowden leaks. i'm pleased to have you at this table for the first time. >> is great to be here. >> tell me how this began for you. >> when i first started getting e-mails and working on the topic of post-9/11 america. i started document what was attacks onfter the 9/11 when i made a film about the iraq war. after that, i found that i was put on a government watch list, and i started being stopped at the border when i traveled. i never knew why, because it was a secret process. . working on this topic for many years, i became very sophisticated at using encryption so i can protect my material and to indicate securely. in january of 2013, i received

mysterious e-mails from somebody saying they wanted to talk to me and asked if i would share my encryption key, which is abuse if you want secure e-mail. i said, sure, here you go. and he came back with these increasingly surprising and shocking e-mails. we corresponded over the course of five months before we met him in hong kong. >> what happened then? sense,, i had a strong in our correspondence, that he seemed legitimate. there was a certain specificity in what he was saying and what his motivations were. i had been working on a film about nsa surveillance that i had been filming with another whistleblower, william, who blew the whistle on domestics lying right after 9/11. i do a bit about how the agency work, but it was a secretive place. i receive e-mails not quite

knowing who it was. glalso been trying to reach enn, and we are colleagues. right before flying, i had seen some documents. we felt confident that a person we were about to meet was, indeed, working inside the intelligence community. we did not know who we're going to meet. we had a code. he said that he would be in a public place and working on a rubik's cube. at this hotel in hong kong and walked up to a very young man that had a rubik's cube, and our first response was that we were surprised by how young he was. >> what was the conversation about? >> from there, he led us to his hotel room. after we had adjusted to the fact that we had expected him to be older.

immediately went into a , ay, very lengthy interview bit more like a deposition. as you know, he is a former lawyer. took us through his whole life and he wanted us to understand who we was and what motivated him to come forward with the information. i felt that on the first day, probably five or six hours of just walking him through his the firstlmed that on day, probably five or six hours of just walking him through his life. we were struck by how articulate he was. this is somebody we were meeting what crossed -- who had crossed the line and we did not know what the consequences would be, and there was a feeling that there were things happening in the intelligence me the that he believes the public have a right to know. -- intelligence community that

he believed the public have a right to know. talk about the decision to make this film. >> i'm a documentary film maker and also a journalist there are many overlaps but also differences. a documentary has to have elements that go beyond the new cycle and that human complexity. i had been working on a film around these topics, around nsa surveillance. i had started filming at the data utah center, which is the nsa ma massive data repository. this topic,n on trying to figure out how to understand it, how to document it. when he started writing these e-mails, it was pretty bashed it did into what i was doing. it into what i was doing. when i was first contacted, i

thought that this was an anonymous source i would never meet. i thought it was just a stranger , that he would say that he had received documents and then she,pear -- or he or because i had no idea the gender or agency. we had been corresponding for three months, and thought that this person was legitimate. he wasas very aware that taking risks and that the reporting would come with risks. >> when you arrived in hong kong, did you think, back then, that there would be a filming this? >> sure to i had my came -- sure. i had my camera. this would be a journalistic encounter of significance, and before going to hong kong, snowden -- whose name i did not know at that time -- a told me that he did not intend to remain anonymous forever.

had told me that he did not intend to remain anonymous forever, that he would come forward as the source. which is why i thought that i want to do film him and understand his motivation. his first response was that he felt that he did not want the .tory to be about him he consistently does not want to be the focus, the focus should be on what the government is doing. and i made the argument that it will not be up to you, that you will be the story, and that your motivation does matter. by the time i arrived in hong kong, he knew i was coming with a camera. kongt that my job in hong -- i was not spending time reporting with glenn. >> we talked to him about this. guardian."e there were talking to them about filing stories.

i felt that my role there was very much that this was a moment , a rare moment where a sources meeting with journalists who sourceto be filmed -- a is meeting with journalists who agreed to be filmed. when they met deep throat in the parking lot, no cameras were there. >> what is interesting about this is that snowden wrote you and said you asked me why i chose you, but you chose yourself. what did he mean? >> i had been put on this government watchlist. every time i, traveled and returned back to the united states, i would be pulled aside and there would be border agents that would come to the airplane and ask me what i was doing and where i had traveled. i had gone through this for a long time. when it began, i was naive, answered questions. i am making a film about the iraq war.

-- heame increasingly would do things like photocopy my notebooks and i became less friendly at the border. i had written about it. so snowden might have seen it into twa's. i had written about it -- in two .ays i had written about it in "the new york times." around about the experience of being on a watchlist and what it meant to a journalist. -- i wrote about the experience of being on a watchlist and what it meant to be a journalist. when someone contacts you out of the blue, it is good to be skeptical. who are they? is it entrapment? and he just said, it is the work you have been doing is why i am contacting you. here that i was working on the topic of the nsa because of --

i was working on i the topic of the nsa and i was sensitive to the issues. and the fact of feeling that you are being monitored at or surveilled. surveilled. or >> what is it about? >> it is a story about journalism. of theery much a story era of the crackdown on sources and whistleblowers and journalism that we have seen in the last years, when you have people like my friend and risen who ises being subpoenaed and will potentially go to jail because he will not testify against a source. the government is doing a lot of these things. they subpoenaed the phone .ecords of the ap

it is a portrait of journalism in difficult circumstances. a story about someone willing to take personal risks and sacrifices to expose information that they think the public has a right to know. >> we are out of time. her thursday story and then there is the question about today, where he is in russia. what you tell us about him today? him -- and ends with i've made a few trips to visit him in moscow. when we left, he went underground. the story received a lot of and we revealed that it was videotaped. he leaves with lawyers and went underground. the u.s. requested the extradition from hong kong, and and i left andnn wikileaks came in, particularly a young woman named sarah

darrison, and help ue snowden seek political asylum read the first thing they did -- asylum. the first and they did was try to get to latin america, and they were stopped in moscow and held in the transit zone for weeks. ultimately, he was able to receive political asylum. that definitely was not his intended destination, but he is there now and he has political asylum. thesited him, and one of things that we learned in the film is that his longtime partner has recently joined him there. so that is where he is in the film. >> does he have a hope of coming back to the united states? >> i think he would love to. he said it. thisally believes in country, believes in the rule of law. and would love to come back.

that yous it about him think we do not know or understand? ?here is the public perception even though he has people the salute him, he has people who feel like he is a traitor. he has the spectrum of opinion. but what else do we not know? where is the great misconception, if there is one? idealist.efinitely an he is somebody who very much grew up on the internet. he is the generation that came up in the internet. and he came of age -- and he says this in the film -- where the internet was a free place, and he believes it was one of the most beautiful things that humanity had, but you have a means for people from all over -- world, from all ages, were you could have a means for people from all over the world communicate in freely. be somethingo

taken away from people and used for other means. means of surveillance, commercial means. he saw something that he thought was very profound and to be protected, and that was slipping away. >> that was his motivation? >> that was the core motivation. next did he accomplish that question mark >> i think you call bush a shift in consciousness around what states are capable of doing. what intelligence -- >> did he accomplish that? he accomplished a shift in consciousness around what states are capable of doing. what intelligence agencies are capable of doing. we are a democracy with rule of law, but there are things happening in secret that we should know about. >> but there is a limit to his respect to the will of all because he does not trust the system.

been charged under the espionage act, which many people have said is a really good draconian-- really legal stature but does not allow for a good defense. in the case of an espionage charge, you could expose information that reveals illegality and you could not use that as a part of your defense. there are very few options to have a fair trial. acluis something that the has taken his case. makes thisattorneys case strongly, that it is very hard to have a fair trial under the espionage act. >> are there negotiations going on for his return? >> i think that his lawyers have had conversations. i do not know the details of what is happening there. of clips run a couple and then we will come back.

here is noted talking about his desire to go public as the source. -- snowden talking about his desire to go public as the source. >> when you think you will go public? >> pretty soon. when they try and make this about me, which should be any day now, i will come out. the ago, this is not question of somebody skulking in the shadows, these are public issues. these are everybody's issues. i am not afraid of you, you will not believe me into silence like you have done to everybody else. if nobody else is going to do it, i will. hopefully, when i am gone, there will be some of the else that will do the same thing. it will be the internet principle of the hydra. >> does he have any sense as to whether there was damage done to america's national security, as has been suggested by the

government? >> i would say two things in response to that. first of all, he made the decision to work with journalists. it is interesting information to journalists. entrusting information to journalists. it has been vetted, it goes through a really lengthy journalistic editorial process. >> with some consultation with the government? >> every story goes through contacts with the government, confrontation with the government, where we say that this is what we are going to publish. do you want to comment and you have concerns? -- do you have concerns? --re was some reductions

were some reductions of stories that i have worked on that have happened because the government made a persuasive argument that they should be redacted, in , in general,t decisions are made in newsrooms. these decisions are made in newsrooms all around the country that have nothing to do with snowden. >> everything has gone through this process. in terms of harm, we have not seen -- we have been careful. >> they argue, for example, that somehow, people will know what sources they have. but in terms of individuals, but in terms of their means. not in terms of individuals, but in terms of their means. which will cause them to redo whatever means they have of spying on enemies of the state. in response, i would say that i have worked on a couple of stories, and there are two w

stories -- two stories to talk about what they are doing in terms of targeting. there targeted engineers at -- they have targeted engineers at telecoms. we have documents that show actual names of people that work for a belgian telecom and also in germany, where you have the names of engineers. ebola suspected of anything. -- people not suspected of anything. the nsa areson interested in them is that these people are in access point to get to their networks. and i have published those kinds of stories, and it does reveal that they are doing something. if you have an individual that goes to the arlington page and an essay will send back a malicious piece of software which will then infect the engineer's computer, and then they type in a password and the

nsa has the password. this is something that is happening in allied countries, in europe. i think that this kind of reporting should happen, and i think that there should be ofstions about the extent these technologies. >> this is a clip of journalists at "the guardian." all right, so which ones do we want here question mark this is operational stuff. >> redacted that. why cap me collect all of the signals all of the time? -- can't we collect all of the signals all of the time? it does not have just three

single slides, it has more than just three single slides. let's be extremely careful. >> this is really dangerous stuff. keyhey kept under lock and -- cap it under lock and key. >> one thing that everybody agrees on is that the whole snowden affair caused a conversation -- even the president said this -- about security and freedom, security and privacy. as the conversation been beneficial? it helped the country? >> i think that the did a is and although it changes consciousness it has not changed policy. there are still programs in place. the first array that -- story

were they had was a secret interpretation of a secret interpretation of the patriot act were they were collecting phone records. there has been more understanding of what the nsa is doing in the government is doing but there has not been actual change yet. i have been working on post-9/11 stuff for a long time, and one of the dilemmas that i have seen is that a lot of the policies we are engaging in, i would argue, do not necessarily make a safer. -- make us safer. if you look at the iraq war, which i have document it, i think that what we are seeing are the unintended consequences of that occupation and the instability in that region. thatnot fully convinced the security that the government says that they are providing in these policies for citizens -- that we are any safer.

convinced of the government is doing things that they said they were not doing because of this exposure? .> i think that is true i reported with colleagues about the tapping of angela merkel cell phone -- angela merkel's cell phone. >> they promised her that they would not do that. >> she has less attention. >> word is a story go? -- where does this story go? you.ave a profile of where does a story go? -- this story go? >> we ended on a point of question, that things are ongoing. i believe that what the nsa is doing is a threat to democracy. >> what it continues to do. >> what it continues to do.

as a journalist, if the government finds a way of talking to, how can i protect a who i am finds out talking to, how can i protect a source? i think i am in a unique situation and that i am doing -- in that i they am doing reporting, so they feel that they have to back off, but that there are lots of people who want to know why meet with. changed the relationship between the government and internet companies? >> that has absolutely changed. we are seeing that shift, and i think we are seeing more change in government. in the sense that technology companies realize that the customers do want to be able to communicate privately and that they want to build tools that will satisfy that.

i think that we will see more and more technology companies coming forward and offering ways .o encrypt communications i also think that there is a movement -- the free software beenent -- that has building these tools for over a decade. >> we had a case last week for the head of the fbi said on "60 minutes those quote of very it's" that they are very concerned that they do not have the encryption code. are have friends that photographers, and their .rgument is back doors without all of you heading, and i like that. --.

you create that is insecure by design. >> a lot of people that do not with edwardr snowden do not think that there were not conversations with the chinese government in hong kong or the russian government when he was seeking protection, that he did not tell them something. >> absolutely. he has said that there was a money with him the whole time, sarah harrison was with them and she was actually there precisely for that reason, to be able to say that we were not approached by a government. anything offit in the person that i know. there is no evidence of it. he saw and received political asylum. -- salt and received political -- sought and received political asylum. >> on the next "charlie rose,"

join us. >> we are in a period where relationships are complex. they are not allies are adversaries but in between, changing on the issue or the day of the week. this power is burning around the world, diffusing into many, many hands in many forms. decision-making is decentralized. we have moved a long way. this year, next month, is the anniversary of the end of the cold war. in 25 years, we have moved from a world title the controlled to a world that is simple enough highly controlled in which many people making consequential decisions. not tightly controlled in which many people are making consequential decisions. things are moving enough in the right direction so that they can connect with the rest of humanity to create a better picture of who we are. where we came from. then we ever had before.

i would like to refer to what is happening or will happen shortly as the new enlightenment. ♪

>> i'm john heilemann. >> i'm mark halperin. it looks like we made it, with "all due respect," to barry manilow. ♪ >> tonight on the show, chris christie isn't backing down, hillary clinton is backing down. and we hold election day right now. but first, the news on ebola has been fast and furious and more than a little confusing. here's what we do know now. a nurse quarantined by new jersey governor chris christie has left her