>> carlos ghosn is here, chairman and ceo of the renault-nissan alliance

represented one in 10 new cars sold worldwide. he's the only ceo to run two global fortune five hundred companies simultaneously. in 2013, he became chairman of the largest automaker and russia. he has led the charge into electric cars with the nissan leaf. five years to the day since he's previously been here. welcome back. let's talk about electric cars leaf.and the how much of a whole but is it in buyer except instead there are not enough predictable charging stations for people thinking about an electric car? the fact that there are not is thecharging stations main obstacle for people moving to buying a car. we have a lot of surveys in all

of the countries and that's the main obstacle today. we are lobbying in every thetry to try to improve infrastructure. it's the most sold car in the world and the alliance has sold 200,000 electric cars, but still a small quantity when you compare that to the 4 million sold every year. this is a very important step because we still see a big future for the electric cars. >> the leaf is a profitable car for you. be profitable. with the quantity we are now producing and the cost reduction we've been through the last few years, we have started to be profitable. we think it's time to push. when you start to be profitable, you were very motivated to sell the car. >> how long do think it will

take for there to be a white except once of electric cars? it will be steady but not very quick. as you probably know, the chinese are now putting very strict regulations on emissions. are moving towards admission standards that are very strict, nearly as strict as and this willtes, force car manufacturers to partially to electric cars. you cannot expand your plants because everything has to be authorized without proposing a new technology, the new electric car or plug-in hybrid. >> you cannot expand unless you invest in new technology that has a positive impact on climate change. >> electric or plug-in hybrid. >> china is your biggest market.

if thereh is fantastic is the continued rise of the middle class in china. fantastically. 20 million cars per year, the largest market in the world coming from 2 million cars per year 10 years ago. it's been a fantastic ride and it still growing 7% for year. that's one point 5 million additional cars per year every year. >> what's the best selling car in china? >> the bestsellers are a sedan, that looks like the altima, i'll say, but cars like the altima in the united states. >> when you look ahead, your goal is to become one of the big 3 -- toyota, general motors, volkswagen. you want to replace one of them

or become third? we are number four today and we have a growth plan for the next few years that should position us, and function, everything we are forcing in the market. are not targeting any carmine factor in general but just the growth taking place should position us. >> how do you do it? you are the chief executive officer for three different companies and they are in three different places -- moscow, paris, tokyo. how do you stay alive? [laughter] >> i do. i spent most of my time between paris and tokyo. and sometimes i go to the southern part of russia. obviously, it takes a lot of , team organization.

i'm fortunate to be surrounded by very professional people who make things easy for a. when you're traveling, every month i'm in paris and tokyo, people don't care if you are jetlagged or coming out of a plane. they just want the ceo to be fresh and ready to make decisions. >> they want his ear, time with him. thursday the a lot of self organization. lot of selfa organization. >> do you have a secret to jetlagged? .> don't try to take anything nature has to do its job. you can help nature by being adaptrugal in trying to to the new country where you will be staying the next one week or so. car guy bynot a

trading. michelin is where you spent 18 years or so and then came to renault. alan mulally was not a car guy. he came to afford. everyone agrees he did a good job. mary grew up at gm. some have been classic car guys. >> it depends on the situation in which the car company is. in some cases, people who have grown in the current industry would probably be better prepared to face the challenges at a certain point in time and from time to time, you need outsiders depending on the timing. in 1999, i arrived in japan and i had to face the

turnaround of nissan. the fact that i was not japanese , a recent convert to the car , i had no paradigms in line. people knew that i was not involved in the industry so i engage in a lot of transformation without the prior baggage. things thatdoing went against the culture and traditions in japan. you were firing people. you were shutting down unproductive planning. explained why i needed to do it. i was not doing it just with negligence. i was just saying we need to d . that. we explained why we were going to do it. we were very cautious every time to say we were not in the business of transformation. we are in the business of turning around the company.

init's a global business every way. do you use the same kind of assembly lines for all the cars? >> we do. we aren't you dosing a lot of flexibility in our system. in the same plant you can do many cars and you can do cars totally different design and sizes due to the fact that the new manufacturing systems that we have in our own plants are very flexible. >> when you look at the future, how do you see the future of the automobile industry? it will continue to grow for the very simple reason that emerging markets are very low in terms of modernization. in the united states, you have

practically one car per person and in europe, you have one car for two people and in most of the emerging markets you have one car for 10 people. it will not stay like this. to one car for every two or three people which means a lot of cars will be produced or to covertly in the emerging markets. change because the main trend today are low in missions or zero emissions. the second one is connected car. people do not accept being in a car and not having the same situation. >> all the information you get through your computer. >> autonomous car not meaning decide tos but you switch on or off. if you don't want to have your eyes on the road and you want to do something else, you switch to

a system that will take control from you. this is extremely important in a lot of technology being put to find this. low emission or zero emission, connect and car, autonomous car, you can predict what's coming for the next five to 10 years. car is easy tod do with respect to lower emissions. a demand andbe therefore you have to do that. the autonomous versus driverless, autonomous is easy to reach? >> you will have a lot of autonomous cars by the year 2020 . you're going to start to have what amounts to the first semi autonomous car in 2016, 28 teen, 2020. 2020.8, what do we mean? self parking.

the system allowing you to driving in relation to the car in front of you, keeping a certain distance. the car will keep in the same line. al of those, we call them technology. when you put them one after the other, you end up eating able to completely detach your eyes and the road and do something else. a videoconference, something very useful while you are driving the car. bythat would be an operative 2020. >> it will be in cars. >> why not driverless? >> you use a car to drive yourself. that's why people use a car. you transport yourself in the most efficient way possible. jive or less, what's the point? if the purpose is to transport

goods, it's not the car anymore. it's something different. for me, with very important in the definition of autonomous transportation is the transportation of people in the most secure, efficient, pleasant way possible. >> what do you say to people at google trying to create driverless cars? testing the technology in order to make the autonomous car as efficient as possible. there's a big question about who's responsible when the car is without a driver. where's the liability? manufacturers will never take the risk unless there is a legislative scenario that would protect them from abuse. talk aboutalways the disruptive technologies or disruptive forces. what could be disruptive in

terms of the automobile future that you see? >> i think you're going to see a disruptive zero emission technology. today, electric cars are the most popular, marketable. costs are going down and we are in a phase of making it more efficient but you have fuel that'shydrogen, and another big technology. >> toyota is doing that. >> we are working on hydrogen as well as daimler. they have to develop the technology at the same time. you cannot just squeeze yourself in an electric car or only fuel cells because you don't know what the regulations will be in the countries where you are competing. will give you an example. today in europe, 60% of the cars sold are the sole. in the united states, less than 1%.

same carmakers, same technology. dieselsons you are 60% in europe is legislation, driving people to buy this type of technology. develop one or two technologies because it's also based on the legislator and what the government wants. >> yuma also must be doing something in attracting the talent you are because some of them are leaving you. importantbs at other places. one of your executives went to aston martin, a job i'd love to have. and other places to run their own show. how do you deal with succession and executives who have trained under your bed are ready to do their own thing? ay you can find to keep them or is it inevitable that they are good that they will be hired away? >> the car industry is very

competitive and there is a war for talent. it's not something on the academic that also based on what you've done. when you do something that is remarkable in any field, competitors know about it. you become a little bit of an asset not only for your own company but you become an asset for your competitors particularly if they need at specific spill -- that specific skill. it's normal that competition from time to time hires people from our own executives. there is no absolute bulletproof kind of system, so we have to admit the only way you can do it is to have a very solid succession plan by which every jobs,articularly the top you have a list of people who can replace and move quickly. it does not mean you are trying to be a soft target, but at the

same time, we are being realistic that we will lose some of our talent as much as we will hire some of the existing talent from competitors. >> how hard is it to deal with different cultures and these countries? and complex, but at the same time, it's unavoidable. particularly car makers today are established on 50, 60, 70 countries where they have plants, technical centers, a big number of employees and you want be of them to completely engaged in what they are doing. they cannot see that as being a second-tier citizen. they need to feel like they are part of the whole company and be able, depending on what they are bringing to the table, but we deal with diversity because it butomplicated to manage when you do it well you have

much better engagement. renaultyou took over, and nissan came together because they both wanted your talent. it's not a merger. but more than a partnership? >> it's an alliance. >> how does it work? >> we have two executive companies, two different headquarters, one in paris and tokyo. >> one the ceo. >> that was not always the case. we had a ceo for renault and nissan. thes the ceo of nissan and shareholders voted. i don't not think it something mandatory for the future. imagine a system where the two companies work together each one of them having their ceo. >> today compete in the same market? >> europe obviously. theere you are setting

future of two companies who compete with each other. comes fromrtunity the fact there is not a lot of cross shopping between the two brands. if someone wants to go buy a renault, he has citroen, fiat. honda.nissan, toyota, have toyota,an you honda, hyundai. there.ss shopping is not any one of the two companies have felt obstruction coming from the other. >> as i mentioned, gm is having lots of problems with the recalls. how do you assess that? is there now a notion that car companies not wanting a lot of problems so as soon as they see notall problem, these have

been small problems because people have been killed, but they are quick to recall because they understand the bad publicity and secondly the danger if someone is risking their life. >> you are head on. you will see more and more recalls and voluntary recalls. we will not wait for that because you just don't want to take the risk that any of these brand. back fire on your it's too costly to have that problem. ins are getting involved asking very quickly and you will see more of that. >> what do you think of tesla? >> it's a great competitor. >> they've made the best effort to create a new company in a while. it is very courageous to try to do a car company these days competing against the titans but the most important thing is trying to develop with us the notion that zero emission cars

can be fun, exciting, attract it. i do not consider him a competitor. he is into the premium cars and we are much more into the mass market of electric heart is. we are pushing in the same direction making electric car normal, something attractive to people. >> what is the sticker price for the leaf? >> it depends on what state you are buying it. every state has a different policy in terms of supporting the purchase. i say you can find the leaf as low as $28,000. >> the dealership community is hey upset with elon because wants people to buy cars online and not need a dealership. what do you think of that? system, we need dealers, entrepreneurs to relay they car manufacturers.

cars on a3 million yearly basis. i don't think we can do it without them. it's too complicated. a .3 million cars on the board directly to a consumer is something in which no car manufacturer is ready and nobody's doing it. >> what happens when someone says theyn or alibaba will get into the car business? >> welcome to the car business. >> they are simply a transactional person. >> buying a car at the same time emotional adventure. i don't think you buy a car like you by something which is strictly useful. there is a kind of ceremony going on. >> and romance. >> people come with the family

and it's something that's very important. as long as you have this nal,ional buy, and ratio you'll need show rooms, dealers, this continuous relationship. >> hasn't the transaction changes? because of the internet they can walk in and they know a lot more about your cost structure than they've ever known before. their capacity to bargain, if there is a possibility, is much better because they have so much more information at hand. >> the consumer today is much .etter informed he has already made a decision. spend andh they can why he can buy a nissan or renault. of car, engine, specifications, why he wants them.

and needs to come to the show room first because nothing replaces the real object in front of you. nothing can replace a driving test. replaces making sure you will have this relationship of trust with the dealer. at the end of the day, it's the dealer who's going to be taking care of your car. you need to feel comfortable with this relationship. are muchumers today better informed, much more mature, but still they need touching the object, driving, establishing this very important context. fear?t's the what's the great threat that worries you the most that you have to avoid? >> i think we need to solve a lot of the concern today around the car industry. the first one is a missions and that is why we are introducing tech elegies that are a zero emission cut down on that concern. -- that is why we are introducing technologies.

the car industry to go at the same speed as which you're developing infrastructure. that is why the connect did car car is important because they will be able to talk to each other. it will have as an advantage you will be able to avoid traffic jams and congestion arose because we'll know it is certain point in time the fastest way to get your destination. avoiding congestions through connectivity of the cars and commissions are the main concern. been anindustry has industry that everyone considered as one of the top of the world. we need to establish returning it because of connectivity. >> you provide the engines now

for red bull. >> with renault. >> why don't you have a formula one nissan card? mercedes does. have.used to when you have your own team and you are developing an engine you are selling to other people, it puts you in an opera does it in. we felt uncomfortable with it. justve our own team or we position ourselves to be an engine provider for many teams. we decided to go for the second option and today we are supplying the engines for many teams. en a worldas be champion and we are very proud to contribute. it's a competition. you cannot guarantee you will be champion forever. >> didn't you like the ego value of having your own team? [laughter] >> you overcome that.

>> thank you, carlos. great to have you again. [inaudible] is here.n lear is responsible for groundbreaking sitcoms like "all in the family," "the jeffersons," and more. "evenw book is called this i get to experience." i'm pleased to have norman lear back at the table. welcome. >> he is pleased to be here. >> i hope so. why did it take you so long to write this? >> it only took me 87 years. [laughter] i had nothing else to do. i wanted to write it 20 years before i actually wrote it, made notes, have people saving scripts and going through correspondence. i had a pile of stuff when i

finally started five years ago. it took me about four and a half years. >> you said it made you realize how hard it had been to be a human being. >> i bet you've noticed. the circumstances of birth can it so hard.e have i don't mean to compare myself to people across the globe, but just being a human being is difficult the matter the circumstance. >> you had it hard because your dad went to prison and your mom turned you over to relatives. >> my father went to prison for three years when i was nine years old. i lived with one on cold then another uncle than my grandparents --i lived with one uncle then another. i saw my mother very infrequently. >> why was that? >> i used to say to her through the years as a grown man, "where were you?"

she said i was here. what do you mean i wasn't? mother, i have no memory of year. -- i have no memory of you. "please." that was the end of the discussion. >> did she lived to see you successful as you were? >> she did but she never really acknowledged that i had gotten past 11 or 12 years of age. my matureaddressed years. she did not talk about them. best sign that ever was but every anecdote she had to tell was about norman falling down the stairs to get a laugh when he was a kid. >> to being an outsider makes you want to get a laugh, doesn't it? i i was living with an uncle thought i had to perform for and another i thought i had to perform for him take care of his kids and getting a laugh was the best way to feel comfortable.

>> why show business? >> why show business? a kid during the depression. uncle jack used to flick me a quarter. he was a press agent. whonted to be an uncle could flicked a quarter. >> how did you get started? >> i was a press agent in new york. want to know how i got fired? i was making $35 per week and we had a show called "are you with it?" one of the acts was buster shaver and his midgets. the lead midget was named olive. in the newolumnist york journal american that

buster shaver and olive were seen shopping fifth avenue, he on foot and she on a saint bernard. have said, dorothy, what on earth are you doing with items like this? she called my boss and i was canned. >> she got you fired. california to become a press agent again and iran into ed simmons who wanted to become a comedy writer. simmons.ran into ed we both had babies. we went to the movies and he was writing a parody to a song. we wrote it together. when the girls came home from the movies, we went out and sold that was bucks and half of what i made selling door to door. justere was a film you had done that was a success when you first got the opportunity to

create a sitcom at cbs. what was that? >> that was interesting. simmonsiting with ed and a fellow by the name of phil came to visit us and he had four children and i had one. i asked him how things were going. i was having a difficult time. all she wants are my joan davis reruns. he was settling for the reruns and ihow he had created said i had to do a sitcom. because it was owning something. >> everybody knows this because of the publicist he bill cosby got for it, jerry seinfeld got for it. you create a television show that you own, the network broadcasts it. they pay for it but the real payoff when it is when it goes

off the network and you can syndicate. >> i was just smart enough to know i needed a business partner. bud and i found a guy named jerry who was a great, great man. business. a shows on the, 6, 7 year. i would not know how to make it a business. >> what about the dollar value of revenue for all of those shows you created? we sold those shows to coca-cola company a great many years ago. the title of this book derives from the fact that despite taking down a whole bunch of

money, i went into business for myself without that business partner and made the mistake of doing things the wrong way because i was not a businessman. i got a phone call when we learned about this from my son in law who asked how i was feeling. i feel terrible. what are you talking about? something keeps running through my head and even this i get to experience. that's where the title of the book comes from. >> the fact that it came out of something not very happy. >> "even this i get to experience." >> is a wonderful line you have about happiness. pursued along the lines of excellence. happiness is the exercise of your vital abilities along lines of excellence and light it affords ensco.

-- afford him scope. >> have you had that? are you a happy man according to aristotle? >> and according to norman lear. "all in the family." who you writing about -- were you writing about? who did you have in mind when you created the character of archie bunker? >> an amalgam of people i had heard about and the people we lived with and a piece of my father. my father called me the laziest white kid he ever met. >> a line that became famous and all the family. for used to scold him putting me down. he said, "you are also the dumbest white kid i've ever met." that part was homegrown but the rest of it is just what i felt, read, saw from family and

neighbors and so forth. connor helpedrol enhance archie bunker in any measurable way. to tell youbegin the personality i had in mind because it depended so on the character who would perform it. he sat down and read five sentences and that's the guy. i wrote the words and he inhabited the character. >> here's a clip from "all in the family" where he asked sammy davis junior in question. me i'm always tell prejudiced. listen. you're a guy who's been around a lot. you've seen a lot of people. do you think of me a prejudiced guy? >> don't tell me you are really paying attention to those young kids. what do they know? you prejudiced?

if you are prejudiced, if i commend your house you would have called me a [blee]. right straight out you said "colored." >> that's what i done, all right. >> if you were prejudiced, you would close your eyes to what's going on in this great country we live in. but not you. he you can tell the difference between black and white. i have a deep-rooted feeling that you will always be able to tell the difference between black and white. and if you are prejudiced you would walk around feeling that you're better than anyone else in the world. having studies marvelous moments with you, i can tell you you ain't better than anybody. [applause] can i have your hand on that, sir? all heard that over

there. that came from sammy davis junior, mr. wonderful himself. that should prove to you that i'm not prejudiced. you see that? you can't learn them nothing. in.t them ride >> i'm sorry it took so long. i bumped into buddy and naturally had to go back and get -- mr. davis, an unexpected pleasure. can i get a picture? >> no pictures. >> would you stand over here. i want one photo taken with my friend archie bunker and me. on three. 1, 2, 3. [laughter] you still love it, don't you? >> is the lines and the delivery. here that i had

not really seen before. if i did, i totally forgotten it. and it's the way the man said "colored" has as much weight as bleep] if archie just said it. as racism exist in america in 2015 to the extent that piece mattered? yes. in termss it about you of you wanted to do? he wanted to use comedy to have an impact on big social issues that were part of the american conversation. comedy -- this is all reflection. it sounds like i knew what the hell i was doing at the time. i didn't. just working but looking back on it, comedy is intravenous.

all kinds of thinking while people are laughing. it's like an intravenous. had aed for years that we message. we were about making an audience laugh. i say today, too, that was the first rule. >> jerry seinfeld used to say that seinfeld was about nothing, but you were about something. >> they were about something, too, human behaviors. we were about what is happening in our culture that affected us. politics.onships, our it was hard. >> did you fight? and iroll o'connor disagreed about a great many

things. >> like what? he so identified with that role. >> he was carrying a heavy .urden i think it started there. he has a fear i'd seen a lot of actors about stepping out in front of an audience and representing something, anything, whatever that happens to be for millions of people. that's heavy stuff. an irish intellectual. seriously intellectual. go aought things had to certain way. i don't think he understood the way we did. we, meaning the writers, understood the way he did so we would have arguments. >> i want to talk about sherman helmsley. take a look at this link between carol o'connor and george jefferson. >> hello, mr. jefferson.

hey, jefferson. listen. the formal invitation you sent, i think it was very white of you. [laughter] >> that's exactly the way i felt when i did it, too. >> george, why don't you take him over to the bar and offer a drink? down heryou hosing porch yesterday. >> get the manager eight. >> what will it be? >> any particular brand? >> the expense of one. [laughter] >> what about you? >> scotch and soda. >> have you ever seen this? this guy giving you the big "yes

sir." i'm used to having it the other way around. >> how many servants do you have in that mansion you are living in? bartenders willing to work for me because if you have enough green in your pocket, black becomes his favorite color. >> sherman helmsley. i did not have george for months and in order to have a male adult next door introduced the character of a brother in law or an uncle, an actor who came down from san francisco to play the role, until i or my casting director, we remembered his performance in the show and as soon as i remembered sherman helmsley, he was george jefferson.

the fact that he was smaller than archie, that he was a wasle bantam of a guy, that miraculous chemistry. >> here's another scene from frome," another spinoff "all in the family." here it is. i've been thinking of. there is no earthly reason for you to go through with this at your age. you know it. i know it. >> i did not say anything, but now that you mention it, it's legal in new york. walter.urse it is, i don't understand your hesitancy. it's ridiculous. my saying is to you we are free. we finally have the right to decide what mccann do with our own body. >> all right. will you please get yours into

the kitchen? >> you are just scared. it's as simple as going to the dentist. >> now i'm scared. [laughter] to me.er, listen it's a simple operation now. when you're growing up it was illegal. it was dangerous and it was sinister. you've never gotten over that. you tell me that's not true. >> it's not true. and you are right. i've never gotten over it. >> it's not your fault. >> when you were young, abortion was a dirty word. it's not anymore. you think about that. >> you have said -- what? >> you let it run for so long. it is so tender and so right.

thank you for letting it run. >> you have said you see more of yourself in maude than any other character. -- ae was a very flexes reflexive liberal. i am a reflexive liberal. i don't know as much as i wish i did. i don't know certainly as much at this age as much as some people think i know. 89 once i hit 90, i could get applause crossing a room and i'm sought to be so wise at 92. i'm the same guy i was at 75. full oflexively emotion, no a great deal about a lot of ends, but i am not anybody's wise man or expert. >> but because you are norman lear they put that into their

perception of you. and because he created people for the american way and he was a voice for liberals. 90.nd he turned something happens then with other people. >> what would you change about the life that norman lear has lived so far? >> you are not concerned about diabetes or anything because this could be very treacle-y. i would not change a thing because i believe if this moment is right, and i love this moment that everything that led up to it just had to be. >> you had to go through all the things you went through in order to be where you are today. to say i wish i had not been that way would be to deny who you are. >> absolutely. >> you created a show called aka pablo.

we thought you had the golden touch that you could do no wrong bu created a show about a hispanic man that did not work. i told the network that we were living the american immigrant experience. when the jews, the irish, the italians came here. they lived up the street, down the street. they were gathered in the place. at that time, the only fresh immigrant experience worthy latinos who are living at the street. -- immigrant experience were the latinos. it was going to take time to get used to them. there were some wonderful actors . if they had let more than six shows go come we only needed six shows. shows or 32let 16

shows, that's what's happening with all the shows that are succeeding in the non-networks today. time to develop it. same is true with "60 minutes." they had time to develop it putting it on sunday evening at the time it did. they had room to build an audience. if you don't make it on friday night, you don't make it. >> networks of the same way. i've been trying for three years to get a show about your generation and mine, and may the one below yours. people in retirement, a lovely retirement village where they run from 60-105. >> they have huge spending power. most expendable income and they are the largest growing demographic. ask me the title of the show. >> what's the title of the show?

died?"ss who [laughter] >> you are a groundbreaker in terms of the television you created one time after another. is that because there was something in you or simply because that is where you found the humor? i really think it's because that's where i found the humor. my father goes to prison and i'm about to go live with people who are practically strangers. somebody puts their hand on my shoulder and says, you are the man of the house now -- let me word that. if you know that's funny, then that's something to work with. >> hard to write this? >> extremely. i wanted to get close to it. i wantedthe dedication to open my veins.

i wanted to tell the truth as i saw it. some of it i had to find and dig for. >> bill martin said many have known the man behind the stories. meatheadloria, and could not have told them better. norman lear could not have written a more funny and telling role of his life than he did here. president clinton said norman lear can find humans darkest moments, no surprise. it's the reason he's been so successful in his more than nine decades on earth and why americans have relied on his wit and wisdom for more than six of these decades and why "even this i get to experience" is such a big deal. >> i can listen to your read that all day. thank you, charlie. yourshould mention

son-in-law is a colleague of ours at cbs. >> he's the guy that called me and is responsible for that title. and thed me to find out next morning he said you have to promise me. you said you wanted to be cremated. your promise we can bury you because i want to take your children someday, your grandchildren, to a stone that says "even this i get to experience." >> thank you, norman. ♪

>> progress isn't always linear. sometimes it is exponential. new innovations create newer breakthroughs. >> it is very exciting to think it might change someone's life someday. >> being able to make devices that are millions of times more powerful. >> in 2015, our race for the future continues, from the food we eat -- >> we are talking about feeding the planet.