>> from our studios in new york city, this is "bloomberg west." is dexter of me the new yorker magazine. he has reported from the region and i am pleased to have him back at this table. you wrote about the kurds in the new yorker magazine piece. was it about them that has made them a model in terms of the government? their effectiveness as a fighting force? dexter in, they have a lot of practice. they've been fighting saddam for

years. i think these things are related. governmentthe main is strong and open it, it's been going now for almost 20 years. the united states first liberated the kurds in the first gulf war in 1991. they have basically been autonomous since then. that is the birth of the kurdish government such as it is. they have been at it for a long time. they have had to protect that area and fight for it. it's very homogeneous there. they had a big head start on everybody else. charlie: they are getting a lot of support from american airstrikes. everybody is dropping out. it's america from the air and

the kurds in the ground. are you sure they would not want to take most of -- most will? dexter: that's only my impression. the americans would love it if they would. charlie: the iraqis would love it if they would. dexter: maybe they would be persuaded to do it. if you look back at last year when isis swept in to western , tens of iraqi army thousands of soldiers were garrisoned. they just walked in. the iraqi army disintegrated. they just ran. they threw the uniforms and ran. charlie: has there been any change in that?

when the its worse previous iraqi government was in power. now you have a new prime minister the talks a different story. this is a political issue. they have to rally the sunnis to be willing to fight against isis in order to have a chance to death. dexter: that has not happened yet. they are still not convinced? dexter: or did they are going to be inclusive. holding their ground despite all these airstrikes and all the operations they've done. they still have ramadi. they still have falluja. that's the whole area along the euphrates river in the hands of isis. they are doing pretty well.

conversely, the iraqi army is not. i think with the iraqi government is relying on is shiite militias. it's a mess. it will take some ratcheting up by the united states? dexter: i doubt it. apart fromis week this offensive by the kurds was president obama had decided to send 50 special forces guys to the kurdish region. charlie: on the front lines? dexter: i think they are going to be doing a lot of support. they will be able to do a lot. i think they will be able to coordinate the airstrikes. they will be a lot more effective. they hope the kurds will push out more. 50 troops is not a game changer. charlie: what do you know about

the russian effectiveness in syria? dexter: the first thing they did was obama some of the groups the united states has been supporting. it's a tangled mess. to save a sod.nt danger.ught he was in charlie: there is conversation now about russian plans circulating at the u.n.. they believe they can have some negotiation. most people don't deceive there is a love affair on the part of sad.russians and a dexter: i think they are very wary of each other.

wouldn't fears a collapse of the state in syria. putin fears a collapse of the state. -- think heears feels anything in his heart for assad. now hard to imagine right elections in syria. any kind of political settlement even the situation on the battlefield. i guess you could sort of imagine at some point you could sort. government of some charlie: that would be atisfying to the iranians? dexter: they are much more inclined to support assad himself then vladimir putin is.

i don't see that happening for some time. charlie: my question is, have plan that you think significant a decline in isis? dexter: no. i don't. will't see the political in the administration. we are doing is about as much as we are going to do? muchare: there is only so you can do from the air without people on the ground. the head ofn special forces was here, he thought the stakes were that high.

dexter: that's a political decision. military people have said to me the airstrikes themselves would be more effective if you could have people on the ground. the people on the ground can look at building and say there are civilians in that building. haveie: we've got to people on the ground of this is going to be successful? they are not in a come from the other arab states. dexter: they are dropping out. they haven't done airstrikes in months. they are focused on yemen. that's another of chaos as well. it's hard for me to see a change. charlie: therefore, this question. we are looking at some success on the ground. you are not suggesting -- what are we looking at over the long term? dexter: i think the situation in

iraq, certainly for the kurds, i think it's ok. if isis controls kindtory, they have some of control out there. dexter: i think the problem fundamentally in both of those states is they are artificial. they were created artificially? dexter: people don't want to die for iraq. as a nation, it's broken. we are trying to hold these things together. it's not clear that they want it more than we do. i think that's the fundamental problem here. who wants to die for iraq? it's hard to find iraqis that want to do that. you can find kurds. you can find a sunnis that want

to die for isis. iraq? to die for emily: thanks for coming. we will be back in a moment. ♪

charlie: he is the founder of the world economic forum.

they hold conferences with global leaders all over the world, including the gathering in the office, switzerland. in 1971ed the forum with a mission of improving the state of the world. the theme of this year's meeting will focus on mastering the fourth industrial revolution. tos reveals -- refers digital. i am pleased to have him back at this table. welcome. let's talk about this first. you were what? guest: i was a professor and i had written a book. notness leaders should serve shareholders, that those that have an interest in the state. felt stakeholders should meet her in that was the basic idea

jobless -- and -- jobless -- dobbins, switzerland. this brings the group to. we have been designated by the swiss government. this is similar to the international red cross or the international olympic committee. charlie: how many meetings are there each year? guest: they play an important role. what is really, if you look at my colleagues, we are mainly where wen task forces bring together governments, business, civil society to

address specific issues. charlie: they have big themes. they may be india rising. together are working with the french government. we are developing the sustainability goals. charlie: how has it changed? guest: it changed very much in terms of business today. as a stakeholder of global business to integrate in the solution of the big challenges we have in the world. charlie: i was just out of apple doing some pieces for 60 minutes about apple. that, nota sense of

only are they creating great products, not only to the products play a role in society, there is a larger sense they have that they want to change the world. guest: you have to. you have thehow trust of your customers. today, people have become very sophisticated. you have to show that you are really committed to society. charlie: they are doing it. there are a range of other things. there is a sense it seems to me that they reckon guys that corporations in the private sector have two things. have resources. they have talent and resources and money. on the scale of governments.

secondly, they can work in combination with the public sector. they can create bigger goals. guest: of course. the big issues today can only be addressed through a cooperation. root causes,the you have to create conditions that keep people at home. the concept of working together in partnership is very well organized. there been major changes in the last years. recognition by corporations of the need to engage together with civil society and to join collaborative efforts. you say you want to

talk in january about mastering the fourth industrial revolution. guest: when we look at the world today, we see governments and .usiness very much engaged in there is a lot of crisis management. when you look in the future, there is so much going on in technology. our lives, society would be so much affected with what's going on in research and innovation. we are not sufficiently prepared for it. just look at the discussion on it big data. is tows how difficult it find the necessary rules and norms. charlie: look at artificial intelligence and robots. gene editing.

there is a new horizon for medical science. change whatesn't you are doing, it changes you. editing,ke genetic it's you who are changed. that makes a big impact in your identity. possibilities are . when you start to do that kind of gene editing, you are changing what it means to be human. guest: that is a problem. new industrial revolution offers us many opportunities. questions ony ethical and legal implications. we have to be prepared for it. that's what you want to do in jobless here. people come reason

is because the subjects are interesting. the leading people in a variety of field, five and public who come. an opportunityis to cross fertilize with a range of people in one place that you cannot easily duplicate. guest: i would add one other dimension. it is to look at the global agenda of the issues we have in an integrated way. charlie: how they relate? you have meetings related to one specific issue. today we live in a network world. do, it is somehow interrelated.

shape your contextual intelligence. charlie: when you talk about the ways technology can be deployed growth, how will that implement itself? guest: it's a big? . technology, robots. exactly. three places may be the work for can replace them with new jobs. not everybody can be a robot polisher. there will be new jobs. i think the question for governments and business will be to do we re-skill people keep pace with what's going on

in terms of technology and progress. charlie: this is going to affect the national security arena. guest: if you look at fighting robots, so many technologies. who it's a big change. this is what we call asymmetry. it means with small means, you can do great damage. charlie: then there is clearly what's on the minds between china and the united states, the idea of cyber espionage and cyber warfare. the possibility of taking down someone's electronic grid. had espionage first. then we had cyber stealing. now the issue is implanting some

whiche into the system can put into operation. charlie: the iranians felt the brunt of that with their nuclear project area --. guest: this is just an expression. even more opportunities and what we have to make sure is to concentrate on opportunities. they issue in the world can salt. -- solved. charlie: people talk but a cure to cancer and blindness and a whole range of things. they see this as within reach because of the technology and the developments in stem cell.

it's really remarkable what people can imagine. we did a poll. this was among a variety of people. more than 50% of people said it will be possible in the next 10 years to three dimensional print human organs. charlie: that's amazing. as you talk about these evolutions in this fourth revolution, there's going to be a need for new governmental structure and new rules and regulation. guest: governments have bad case. ce.case -- pa

they need to become agile. they need to go in the direction , legislation. --have to have a corporation cooperation with government agencies and parliaments and the business community to bring these norms and legislation to the latest levels of technological development. charlie: you have set the fourth revolution is different from the previous ones. speed. guest: just look how long it er. that's one. charlie: it's a disruptive technology. guest: it's disruptive.

revolution is not new products, it's a systems revolution. charlie: exactly. the ecosystem changes. the second reason is it's not related to one area. guest: you have a combination. research would not be insible without the progress the information technology. charlie: you already mentioned beyond speed, it's not about a single product. airbnb is a systems revolution. it's that new product. it's the shared economy. it's completely new conditions

for the economy. charlie: you been doing this since 1972. how long do you want to do it? as long as i have the energy. that theyou find today most powerful leaders in the world want to come talk about who they are and what they believe? you have had some famous fights. you have had famous people who are opposed to each other on the same stage. the attraction is the people who come as primary participants. guest: i think in the past, it telld some power to

political leaders to come. today, the situation change. politicians come back to this notice of public operation. these are big issues we have to confront. they need help. it's the old world gone. it's a networked world. with all the changes, at some point, people will not want to go to conferences anymore or need to. nott: what we are doing is any more conference. it's built into our process. that is one demand people will have.

thecan download all knowledge you want to have. be parto a meeting to of the process. i think that's very important. we are trying to integrate this process into a digital dimension. we have to learn what it means for us. charlie: it's great to have you here. guest: thank you very much. charlie: we are back in a moment. stay with us. ♪

charlie: shelter is a new film by paul that knee. it is his best known for the da vinci code and avengers. this is the trailer for shelter. >> this is new york. it's not a something for nothing town of. he has overstayed his

welcome. >> there is no place i can get you both into. we need to leave. now. >> we need something good. >> this is jake. >> you have a child. he is alone. >> who am i? >> what i did was unforgivable.

>> you can have it all back. it will be different this time. charlie: joining me is the director and the cast. i am pleased to have all of them at this table. welcome. this is your first territorial debut. tell me about your passion for the film. where did it come from? why is a labor of love? paul question ron howard asked me why i had not directed a

movie yet. i said i am waiting for the secret to get passed on. the director secret. you pass it on. he said there is no secret. get on with it. and i wasi wanted to thinking about what i might want to make a film about. i am interested in judgment. the world i'm living in is one of increasing gray area. the culture is more entrenched in black and white positions. i had no idea it was going to be about homelessness yet. hurricane sandy hit. coupleas a homeless outside our apartment in tribeca. we saw them every day. we said hello to them. they said hello to our children. they becameto say

invisible to me their poverty became more acceptable somehow. they disappeared. hurricane sandy happened and they weren't there anymore. i felt a lot of shame surrounding that. i wanted to write about them, but i did not know them. maybe that's an interesting way to discuss judgment. i do think our response to homelessness is puzzling. charlie: what do you mean by judgment? my feeling is you look at a homeless person and they immediately come to a list of conclusions to exalt themselves of any lame or danger of being in the same position.

my late father had just died. he was a very religious man. i'm not. there but for the grace of god go i. i love that sentiment. admission of how precarious life is and how it could so easily be us. that's where it came from. there are deeper levels of homelessness and poverty and medical issues. people.e all kinds of paul: there are all types of homeless people. there are people who recently slipped the wayside. in new york city, we passed two

huge milestones. residencenew york's slept in the municipal shelter system every night. 24,000 of them were children. tonight, 19,000 of them will be over -- women. is resident to more millionaires than any city on earth. it's a problem. it's untenable. you're right. homeless, someone has lost a job, someone has a mental illness. somebody has addiction problems, but who am i to judge. how easily it could be me.

anthony: he became more complex than he originally was. when i first read the script, i was impressed by the level of humanity and a giddy paul put into these -- dignity all put into these characters. joined boko he haram. he became a terrorist. that, he leftom his country and came to america and tried to find asylum here. he never truly got over the loss of his wife and his child, who were killed and mutilated right in front of him. realizes his solace, his ticket into heaven is this young woman he comes across.

he realizes that if he can save her, he can possibly save himself. charlie: why did she need saving? : when we meet her, she is a woman who doesn't know how to be in this world, how to be in life anymore. she is not quite able to be here and she's not quite able to let go. she is tethered i something and we discover what or who it is. she is someone who experienced loss and tragedy in her life. it was an old habit, drug use. i think in an attempt to escape the pain she was feeling, it created so much more pain. things shep doing

could not bear. ultimately, she made more of a mess. charlie: what is the relationship? meet because she is stealing his jacket. he was in prison for the night. we assume in the drunk tank or something. this stuff is gone. he is walking around trying to find some things to replace. he sees this woman wearing his jacket. his very recognizable jacket. he starts following her. that's how it starts.

he sees something in her. it's the beginning of this relationship. she has decided that she is going to try again to leave. that is to jump off the bridge. he stops her. she is furious at him. it's the beginning of their love story. happens when he finds out that she has a son. is outraged. he has a moment of judgment. in addition to what we were i knew ibout earlier, wanted to make a romance. if i want to make a film about judgment, what would it be like if i put two people together who

on paper, the things they have done our unforgivable. them before you learn that about them. you fall in love with them and then they reveal the sting to each other and the audience. they make you forgive them. the idea. it's an unbearable idea for him. his child was ripped away from him. has chosen to leave torrent tolone is him. abhorrent to him. personal way, she is the that took somebody similar to him.

this caused her to fall slowly. charlie: this is them having dinner in a house they are squatting in. i am barefoot. my shoes did not fit. did you find a chicken? >> i must look like a zombie goldilocks. actually, don't say anything. you're more beautiful than i have words for.

>> credit you set the table? their placemats in there. charlie: they're having dinner. they are bound by faith. paul: i think it's an issue that has raged in me. i was raised catholic. charlie: how is that going? catholic. a lapsed it's going. it's a conversation i have with myself. i catch myself feeling him. with my notions of science. when you're standing by a grave with a loved one in it and you see people of faith who are

risesand their belief like a lark above your reason. who's the clever one here? this whole sequence, this whole second deck -- act that takes , it camethe apartment from an agent when i was talking about writing it. said, you can't make a romance about homeless people. what a repugnant thing to say. let me maybe solve that by putting them in a place where like people look more people you think you might want to see this.

the whole job has been to humanize human beings as -- it's shocking. charlie: is this a political film? anthony: not at all. it finds beauty in all the tragedy. i've always felt when i see homeless people or people in a desperate situation, their life must be so bad. how can you just like that? when reading the script, i was entertained by the idea of finding beauty in madness. we all have bad days. we all have bad times. we find our way out of that, no matter what our surroundings are. and not about politics about the desire of people. charlie: you don't like to see

films in which are thrown into a place of despair. paul: i want resolution and hope. i do. i also want a cathartic redemptive experience. ,t's the fashion of the moment the films a little dark how do you have redemption without darkness? you can't redeem somebody from a happy situation. jennifer: he wants to go home. he does not feel he is able to. there is something he needs to accomplish. he needs to redeem himself for the act he has done. how to love learn again and to open herself up and forgive yourself. she is able to love again. i need the money for my

boyfriend. he is sick. i can't. >> i'm not using. it's been four months. >> you said this before. >> i know how it sounds. this time it's true. >> why did you like to me about the train ticket? >> i don't know. he needs his meds. he is so sick. cost $370. >> you should take them to a hospital. >> we have been. dad, i know you should not believe me. you know that i've given you no reason. paul: the simplest version of

the film i had in my head was there is a man who is a ghost. he can't get to his family in heaven. he meets a girl who thinks she's a ghost, but realizes she has something to live for. if he can get her home to his family, he can let go and go to heaven. it takes the form of a story. charlie: this is your first directorial debut, did you want to go and spend time at a homeless shelter? paul: after i made the decision that's what it was going to be about, i spent time with the coalition for the homeless. they are an extraordinary group in new york city. they are real-life angels on the streets of new york and they provide advocacy and education. they provide an extraordinary summer camp for the children of homeless families, to offer them

some respite. got me on the street to meet homeless people. i was very intrigued by it. i was really interest in finding out what your rocker c in place to stop a needy person from getting what they need. if you read the literature, there are no homeless people. there is bureaucracy in place. marvel has been very good to both of you guys. [applause] anthony: no question. it's the gift that keeps on giving.

paul: it's the first time in my life that i know i'm working in the years time. that security is amazing. i always consider the job i'm doing to be my last ever. i will never work again. charlie: they will find out about me and i will never work again. jennifer: i never know if it's good or not good. i don't know. never know if i'm going to find a job i want to do again. i'm always knocking on wood. charlie: the jew think about playing a role in this? -- did you think about playing a role in this? harlie: i wrote some scenes to raise some finance with my name.

i cut the scenes. -- we moved on without me. have you started filming american pastoral? jennifer: i just finished. i had a great time make it. i like the story. it was a lovely set. charlie: the editor of the new york times was here last night. he said during that year, he did nothing but read philip roth novels. he just wanted one subject he

could get his head around. jennifer: to tie them together, it's the narrator who is unreliable. the ways in which we give each other wrongs. gettingator talks about each other wrong before we meet each other. that's very much a paraphrase. that's a large part of what this is about. the ways in which we make decisions about each other. that, it's easy to put people into their corners. other.ploit each they do horrible things that hopefully we can do better to eradicate. anthony: i just finished all the way.

it was for hbo. i am playing martin luther king junior and bryan cranston is plain lyndon johnson. that was an amazing -- charlie: bryan cranston was just here. it's about the passing of the voting rights act? anthony: it's about the eight months of johnson being reelected. they were getting the voting rights through congress. it's going to be terrific. jay roach is pretty amazing. charlie: thank you. it's good to see you. shelter opens november 13. thank you for joining. see next time.

♪ john: the global response and what the 2016ers are saying, and -- that, let's get the news from our colleague mark crumpton. mark: john, thank you very much. secretary john kerry is in paris, showing support. after friday costs deadly terror attacks. secretary kerry: these terrorists have declared war against all civilization.