>> from our studios in new york city, this is "charlie rose." charlie: reid hoffman is one of silicon valley's most successful entrepreneurs. he cofounded linkedin. today, it operates the largest professional network on the internet with more than 400 million members. is also a partner in greylock who has backed some of the industry's biggest hits in recent years including facebook, instagram, dropbox, airbnb, and more. i am pleased to have him back at

his table for one of his rare visits to new york. how do you spend your day? it depends on the day but almost always a breakfast meeting. that is what can do the most range. it is either at greylock or linkedin. if it's greylock, it's meeting with a bunch of entrepreneurs and if it linkedin, it's product people. people? products making linkedin a better network? reid: not only, but there are a lot of products within linkedin. getting business news and business intelligence. ways of building a strong conductivity with your network. on how we evolve the products, they are better for members. charlie: what is your core competence? blending thinking about

human ecosystems with individual humans. psychology with sociology and economics, thinking about the design of the system and the individual member as an inventor or investor. charlie: we see you often at conferences. i assume for more networking the new information? reid: not the new information that comes from the stage but the explanation i comes from talking to people. charlie: [laughter] know most ofimply the things people are talking about because you've been involved in and engaged by them talking to people. reid: one of the things i think is part of being on the network about rigorously talking asking people questions about what they are seeing and learning. early ishat those are very helpful as an investor and an entrepreneur.

you sit down one-on-one. what is the thing you're worried about? what is the keys of new technology that might be really big that you would be shy on saying in front of a bunch of people. can give you a signal to navigate much better. you are probably too young to think you have done the best thing that you have come to do. reid: i hope not. linkedinn i have for is that it's still in its first-inning in terms of a baseball metaphor. part of what i'm trying to figure out, how do i improve the design of human ecosystems so we are better off as individuals and as a society? i hope there's a lot more to go there. charlie: when you look at what happened in paris, they are using apps to encrypt. explain that to me.

reid: with encryption, it it protects communication against outside. it there is good and bad use for it. in good use, it's individual privacy. in ability to encrypt financial communications. use, it is used for terrorism. have both ae is we good and the bad case. what do you do? the reason why silicon valley technology companies very broadly come out strongly in favor of encryption is that they have to look global. what tends to happen is how db right to your individual members and customers? there are bad things that

happened in paris but we should not break everyone's encryption in order to solve that. where is the relation between that and what the fbi wants you to do? reid: most of the silicon valley companies are global in nature. how do we protect their interests the right way? not how to protect isis. but your everyday citizen in any particular country? the right way to do that is to do something globally. if the governments of major world countries can get together , we all agree on a global treaty.

this is easier for the tech companies to do that because they are not playing one country against another or one citizenry against another. collective set of citizens can say this is what we want and don't want. charlie: the citizens would choose the level of encryption they wanted? you might have one answer in france, one in germany, one in australia. one in india. standard ina global ,erms of the major countries that is something that is easy to build two. is it a rule of thumb that there is always somebody out there that can leap ahead of them and gain access? reid: it is so difficult that it

can take a long time and is hideously expensive. what is likely to happen because of paris? maybe utopia, dystopia. a utopia is a collective agreement about what is the way that we should share our intelligence. they have a lot to stop evil violence against civilians. or dystopia. to break -- it could be a number of them. there are some of ways it could be wrong. everywhere.s that i was say that there is a lot of for what may be

going on. it is something that we generally value in the west and is a right that is important. >> there are interesting startups. it is a way you can share a single intelligence from multiple sources without having massive breaches of privacy that can get you some of the desired outcomes. that single share intelligence and do so in a fashion that meets enough of the privacy norms and prevents -- charlie: silicon valley and the

fbi now, are they at loggerheads over this? or is one giving up a little in order to recognize that there are other interests? reid: i think they are at loggerheads. fundamentally, the reason is that most of the silicon valley companies are defending certain rights of individuals and to have a global customer base. the only thing that kind of brings them back collaboratively is an agreement to say that we will not have backdoor illicit base thatthe member doesn't go through an effective judicial process. charlie: blitz scaling. what is that? is ansilicon valley interesting place. we have companies called

unicorns, billion dollar that have never gone public. and some that have. charlie: why did you start calling them unicorns? reid: they started thinking that it is a unique beast. if you have a herd of unicorns, are they still unicorns? there is only 4 million people. not formally and technologies but 4 million people. how do we create so many of these companies? the usual answer you get is startups. talent, immigration, universities. you go. actually, the visible secret that very few people talk about is that there's a whole skill set and talent network for how you get global scales fast. how you build of the organization. charlie: the global scale. reid: facebook, linkedin -- charlie: that's a pretty high

mark. global market that is not facebook or linkedin? reid: you get there faster or more aggressively. uber is not a spread virally property. but they say it's really important and they will launch cities really aggressively. playbook is the kind of playbook that silicon -- i coined a turn for it. parallelsmilitaristic but the nature is similar. would only advances fast as their supply chain. the germansd is said if you pack light and move fast, your big choice is a halfway turnaround point.

you lose big or you win big. blitz scaling is the same technique applied to businesses and growth. charlie: look at facebook's valuation today. pretty attractive. and the mark is more appreciative of it. that advertising on mobile worked. i assume linkedin can show that. reid: we're obviously a much smaller property than facebook. but how do we increase productivity. it is network and platforms. charlie: don't scoff at that. reid: i guess we done that. we are past that threshold. -- part of what interested me is, how do you

have everyone's real identity? part of the reason why facebook justifiably super interesting companies, they are these platforms that help you navigate your life much better. --rlie: and the 1.3 million 1.3 billion users, you have a market platform? reid: that's right. it can be -- this one is that i can stay in touch with my friends. now i can also be a global communications network. each of those things is a different kind of at. that is why facebook broke out with facebook messenger. this is a distinct app that can even be its own platform. we should run it separately. charlie: the gc see the future

of social because you watched facebook's success? or did the idea come from some other place for you? for me, i was one of the first in that first round of facebook. charlie: that's why i'm asking. like anlittle bit earlier answer. how do we get our ecosystems better and have our relationships in a way that navigate the lives better for us. i saw the internet, i knew patterns like this -- charlie: when did you study the internet? saw it as an undergraduate but i did not know it would be commercialized. charlie: had you defined this role that you have? your like a public intellectual. a guru of the village.

reid: part of it is that when i was an undergraduate, my aspiration was to become a public intellectual. we share great ideas and we talk about it. i talk with great folks like you. so fundamentally, how to we share earnings? thing yound the other have a huge degree and i have ability to do this because of what i do. it to read people, understand and maximize their ability to make a contribution. stuff and all of that i can read ambition and motives. peter thiel is one of the more successful investors out there.

he said you have the uncanny ability to understand what drives individual founders and entrepreneurs. reid: part of the question about being a great partner is you understand that this person will have the drive and the learning curve and you know how to partner with them. you look at someone and you say, you're a really good product designer. talking about product design is irritating to you. this part of organizational building and creation of company culture where this particular thinking is something i know. we will be allies at how we are going about this. reid hoffman.

it back in a moment. stay with us.

charlie: she is by any measure the most powerful show runner working today it. the creator of gray's anatomy and the smash hit scandal. and the producer of the emmy-winning series "how to get away with murder." she controls all of abc's thursday night

primetime programming. her shows are known for their twisting plots, steamy relationships, and diverse city of the cast. "i am making television look like the world looks." gay, straight, single, divorced, searching -- everybody gets a seat. >> stop talking about god and country and admit you want to do this. >> i do. >> they are inside his chest. you don't get to cry about that. cracks mark my words. he will not make it to the end of his term. >> are you thinking that divorcing your wife and moving in with me is a tiny bit of a problem?

>> it's a problem. >> clearly. law 100.s criminal , how i prefer to call it to get away with murder. documentser new book are rise to the top of hollywood. in the years she decided to stop saying no and said yes to everything. have shonda to rimes at this table for the first time. i said to you, with the magic. reid: i love my job. you have to love what you do. charlie: to be a good writer is one thing. to create a television program and do anything that involves more than just being able to put one sentence after the other even with the command of language. shonda: i love it in a way that i feel has been intrinsic to me.

i say that for me, it is somebody who feels like they have up in a talent. i have been able to play. i have been able to write. it is natural. charlie: are you a great storyteller? shonda: i hope so. charlie: you have to be to have the success that you have. what does it start with? either an image or a little piece of dialogue. it starts with a sense or the idea. the idea of really competitive people and what that felt like. tofeel like you're going kill somebody on a bad day. charlie: is that an environment that you knew? shonda: not in any way, shape, or form. i was never good at science but the idea of being a competitive

person, i am terribly competitive. i do that world and those kinds of women. gray's anatomy was my first job in tv. where did you come from? filma: i had gotten out of school, struggled as an assistant. ande a couple of movies thought, i'm going to try writing a tv show. you wrote it and the network said this is terrific. we will take it? think it was less interesting than that. the big guns were number one immediately. they were huge phenomenons. we were the little engine that could and nobody was really paying attention to us.

when we came out, it was a surprise. and then there was scandal. shonda: one of my producing partners introduced me to judy smith. monica lewinsky and had done other things. we set down the talk for what i thought was going to be a meet and greet. foreign half hours later we both were starving but i had ideas for 100 episodes in my head for just talking with her. how she fixed people's problems was fascinating to me. she is talking about their most personal problem. i think she offers the ability to reorganize their lives instantly and put order to

whatever chaos happened to them. charlie: olivia pope is her. shonda: inspired by her. i had to give her a completely different life. charlie: which brings me to kerry washington. it seems like perfect casting. it does in hindsight. i should've just picture and moved on. charlie: but you didn't. charlie: the first african-american role in a leading lady in 37 years or something like that. i felt surreal real responsibility to let every actress in the age range audition. it was like cinderella. we had everybody try that she wan. and it was perfect with her. she embodied the role in such a beautiful way. charlie: did abc say yes?

shonda: it was very clear immediately that she was the right person. with amazing is to be the show runner for one show. how many do you run? i only run to.: i am helping other writers create their shows and have the space to create them. a show runner often does not right. shonda: in my world, i do. i like it. what is the skill? being able to find the perfect words to put in the right math? to understandve the long game of your story.

you can't just tell a story because it's witty or funny or that moment will be great. you have to understand the journey you are taking your character on. might be television but people want cinematic television now. then comes along how to get away with murder. this may be the perfect casting. viola davis is incredible and having her at the helm of that show is fantastic. you can watch that woman read the phone book and it's going to be good. charlie: did you just come along at the right time in her life that she was prepared to think that she will try something new? shonda: i think it was fortuitous. she thought maybe i will think about television and i don't know how many scripts she had been presented with and we gave her the right one. charlie: define the character for me.

shonda: she's a defense attorney that is volatile. when you first meet her in the -- theree is clearly has been a murder that happened. someone has murdered her husband. the show is told in flashbacks and you come to understand this woman who is supposed to be the most outstanding woman in the world also might be a murderer. she has students she is teaching. she's charismatic. and it is a really powerful role. charlie: what is the best description for you? what resonated with you? i don't know. i think it's interesting because there's a lot of grandiose descriptions that i find hilarious. charlie: that's the point, really. when you cds descriptions, power, talent.

shonda: i'm a writer. that's the best description of me. charlie: the spread across so many. as i said, to have one television show is a demanding task. it's not easy. you have a stable of writers and it is still not easy. shonda: it is not easy. but we are creating worlds here. once i have established the worlds of gray's anatomy and it exists and briefs, it is a living being. i don't have to kill myself to figure it out as it exists. i don't need to tell you what color shoes meredith needs to be wearing. it's almost like it's a fantasy land for me. a fantasy land you own.

shonda: it is inherent in my knowledge of what going to happen. everything about the character. what they would read, eat, what they would wear? the kind of person they would want to have a relationship with. shonda: when you get to know the characters, you do. 200 something episodes in, i really know them. well that i'm not leaving it at a vulnerable time to go do something else. charlie: why did you write it? shonda: i wrote that completely not planning to write this book. it was almost an accident. i had been having this year started by my sister. i am the youngest of six and my oldest sister said to me one day

, you never say yes to anything. you never go anywhere, you never do anything, never take any of these great invitations. you have a fancy hollywood life that is not fancy at all. and i'm really not happy and i'm not living. i thought, i'm going to start say yes to anything that scared me. i could not give an interview or stand on a stage without terrible stage fright. and i did. and a year into it, one of my agents said, he should probably write a book about that. don't know. but in saying yes to everything, so yes. charlie: you worried about losing all that you had? shonda: i think it was partly

that. one step at a time, you start to lose these things. he say no because you're working really hard and you want to do well. i was very aware of the stakes. if i failed, when was there going to be another television show with a black woman in a leading role? it was very clear. i felt that urgency when i spoke to anybody. i started saying no because it felt easier than saying yes and then you forgot what it was like to be the person that says yes. charlie: you hug the walls at social events. shonda: absolutely. charlie: what makes it so satisfying? the newness of experience? shonda: it turned out to be incredibly transformative experience.

i was say yes and do something terrifying. giving a commencement speech or ieaking at something else, would stop being afraid of the thing i was so afraid of. the felt like i had discovered a superpower. outside of your realm. you had confidence as a writer. that on a big stage and a big arena. i wanted to be toni morrison. and she is already toni morrison so that was not going to happen. people say that they want to be shonda rimes. shonda: i see you don't want to do that. i'm not leaving my job. but be yourself. i took every opportunity presented to me.

going to film school happened because i read it was harder to get into usc film school than it was to harvard law school. i was bored in my advertising job. so i applied to go and discovered how much i loved writing tv and film. charlie: why did they accept you? shonda: i was a good writer. literally, i'm nothing if not a very good student. i got their thinking film school might be interesting. i discovered that this is where my writing really settles in and feels good. it makes more sense to write scripts then a novel. charlie: what else did you say yes to? shonda: guest starring in the mini project. it was wonderful. a lot of small things at first. jimmy kimmel live. the public things. and then it got serious.

saying no to people that are frilly manipulative. i got rid of toxic people in my life. i lost 117 pounds. i shed a boyfriend, a fiance. deciding i did not want to get married. it transformed me into knowing who i was in a way that existed outside of work. charlie: when did this happen? shonda: two years. thanksgiving of 2013. i finished the book in august of this year. have a: they will reality show about you. shonda: no, they won't. charlie: it's wonderful to meet you. the year of yes. how to dance it out, stand in the sun. back in a moment. stay with us.

is here.peggy noonan it the author of nine books on american politics and american culture. her new book is called "the time of our lives. " journalism.s her in i am pleased to welcome a colleague at cbs, peggy noonan, back to this table. peggy: thank you, charlie. charlie: what do we have here?

why the title? peggy: because it is derived from an observation. our own we are living lives but the life of our times. charlie: do you look for themes, looking for dividing chronologically? >> we thought of all different ways. i wanted to collect the things i had written over 30 years. there is old cbs stuff. charlie: like radio scripts for dan rather. peggy: i had all of my work in big right boxes -- white boxes. i got it all together and i surrendered myself and started

going through everything i had written and i found that naturally it divided itself into themes and topics. i love this. i don't know about this. charlie: if you are writing for ronald reagan, you write for his voice. and when you write a column, you write your voice. peggy: yes. it's what writers do. it comes straight out of your head and your heart. and you sound like yourself because you are yourself. you don't have to channel anybody else. finding your voice is a crucial ingredient. did you have trouble finding your voice? after working for

reagan, such a vivid presence that i would have trouble getting back to my own sound. and i had first book no problem at all. i inescapably sound like me. to the extent i have a voice, it is just my voice. a wonderful man for 15 years named james toronto. charlie: what does he add or subtract? he looks at what i've written and will sometimes question things. it is primarily factual content. james is the person that says it did not happen in the winter of 2012. it happened in early spring. he looks out for me. you can make mistakes of judgment.

you can have an honest point of view and james will just say, really. are you sure? just him saying that will make me think, am i sure? charlie: i've never met anyone that could not use a good editor. have a goodu don't editor, you will get in trouble and it won't he is much fun. and a paid white house employee for richard nixon. what did you learn from him? he was -- peggy: he was wonderful. he took me under his arm a little bit and was sort of an advice person. did i say that the right way? charlie: the former opinion page editor. he called me and had me

come in and write op-ed pieces at the wall street journal informally. and then one day he picked up the phone and called me up in a lighthearted way and said, there's this new thing called the internet and the journal is going to have internet editorial page and internet columnist. will you be one? i said yes not knowing it would become a major part of my life. monthered me x dollars a i asked if we can add 10% of that so that in retrospect i felt like i drove a hard bargain. charlie: you should of said 50%. peggy: i should've had you there. charlie: who is jane jane? peggy: by maternal grandfathers sister who had a great impact on me when i was a child. i spent a great deal of time with her in the summers at a very quiet and lonely little home out in long island.

and learned much about life from her. charlie: if i read all of your columns, what what i know about peggy noonan? i know she's a good writer. i know she's passionate about politics. peggy: i love politics. as i put the book together, i had never told people before that i loved politics. i saw my own love for the greatness over 30 years and the excitement of it. i am a you probably know christian of the catholic variety. you would probably know i'm a woman living in new york. there's a lot of walking the streets of manhattan. you know i am a conservative. i hide nothing about it. it is the subject of a column. charlie: an emerging question in

this political debate that the republicans are having. i think something really huge and fundamental is happening this year on the republican side in politics. 1976, ronald reagan went up against euro for to decide one question. will the republican party be conservative? moderate liberal or conservative. 1980 landslide, 84, reagan landslide. the modern republican party will be conservative. this year, i think we are answering the question, what does conservatism mean? what does it mean in the 21st century? and the entire republican party is having a brawl about it. is it your responsibility

to help them define what it means to be conservative? peggy: no. in part, my responsibility and joy to share my talks about this. about where conservatism should be going. i don't feel any pressure being a guide or a guru. charlie: because of barry goldwater and then ronald reagan. buckley, barry goldwater, then ronald reagan. reagan was a movement conservative. that still exists? peggy: it does, but that's a bit fractured. there are three or four things.

not higher taxes, lower. not regulation higher, lower. it's all gotten a little bit more complicated now. things started to fall apart in the george w. bush era. there was great argument about the war and he felt it necessary. charlie: he said he wanted to be a compassionate conservative. is conservatism passionate? -- compassionate? peggy: good question. it can be. it should be. it does not always look that way. ,hey can be pretty crabby especially when they debate what conservatism is. we have a party that says the conservative way to look at entitlement spending is that we made a deal with the people. and you keep your deals.

they have a moral right to everything they were told to expect from those programs. american spending is out of control. it is uncompassionate to them to make them carry the load. all these things will have to be adjudicated. huge issue.is a peggycharlie: this may sound lia stupid question. do you love writing? -- inea of being able to the famous words of john kennedy, i am paraphrasing , he took the english language and took it to war. peggy: to fight for us.

charlie: the idea that words and ideas have such power, enhanced if they are said in such an inspiring and precise way. so that they touch the spirit and the mind. peggy: i never considered being anything other than a writer. writer was always just what i was. i enjoyed writing as a kid. i enjoyed reading which is sort of how you come to love writing. love reading and, does a person do this? it is like being irish catholic. did mitt romney

disappoint you greatly? you were there for him. i was trying to be supportive of the conservative candidate. i can't say he disappointed me because he never struck me as a great political talent. i never wrote this, but part of me thought that when he sadly lost in 2012, we dodged a bullet. the republican side, we need some kind of political genius to succeed and that was not a political genius. charlie: great family and the right values. when you think of political genius, do you think of ronald reagan? bill clinton? who has it on the republican side?

large gifts are best seen in retrospect. i really can't tell you at the moment. charlie: you don't see emerging talent? has shareco rubio political talent. ted cruz has different kinds. charlie: how is it different? peggy: arco puts himself forward as someone who cares about ideas, programs, policies. with ted, you get this sneaking suspicion that ted cares very much about ted programs and policies. and his own drama and his own forays into independent action. it makes you see him in a different way. but does he look deeply articulate and smart and bright -- one is defining himself

as a man of the future and another who wants to go back to certain principles and ideas he believes in. >> i need to watch a little bit more. i'm doing the best that i can. size of the field so far. did the debate we just saw change anything? is conventional wisdom right? i think the field has to get narrower for us to have a sure sense of what we think. a little surprised and disappointed that john kasich just doesn't seem to get beyond his wobbly beginning. this is a real political talent and we don't elect resumes in politics, nor should we. but he has one of the greatest the presidency.

greate: bush 41 had a resume. k-6 has been elected to his posts though. i'm big on edmund burke. is respectmeaning reality. see it and respected. i loved israeli. he was one of the great political maneuvers and and footerleaders, offers of his opposition.

he danced on his head. i think about him somewhat. charlie: american culture, are we debasing it? peggy: we've made it bizarre and gross. it worries me. not for the adults. nothing you watch or c on the computer is going to hurt you. kids from families that , kids who are the object of a certain amount of negligence and inattention to be brought up in this culture is, to me, a scary thing. i say that when we were children, nothing was ever heaven. wardarents were not cleaver and misses cleaver. they would look at you after breakfast and say go out and play now. and they would like if you came couldbout 6:00 a.m. you

go play in america in those days. people don't feel like they can. this is what some nice people of said about you. he said what we need is more heart wise historians. that is what noonan certainly is. her words and essays have swept through decades, capturing events and moments with grace and optimism. she confides in the reader as she would a dear friend. the collins and essays are exquisitely written and perceptively argued. . am a devoted reader it provides a vision of our future. "the time ofalled our lives." peggy noonan. thank you. thank you, charlie. very much. charlie: and thank you. see you next time.

mark: i am mark halperin. john: and i am john heilemann. with all due respect to donald trump as we head into this holiday, we were hoping for a quiet monday. ♪ john: mark: happy national cashew day, sports fans. on the show tonight, donald trump's flaps and bernie sanders slaps. but first, ben carson's gaffe. he is no longer sharing front runner status with the donald, who is way out ahead by a whopping margin, double digits