♪ >> from our studios in new york city, this is "charlie rose." charlie: reid hoffman is one of silicon valley's most successful entrepreneurs. in 2002, he cofounded linkedin. today, it operates the largest professional network on the internet with more than 400 million members. he is also a partner in greylock who has backed some of the industry's biggest hits in recent years including facebook, instagram, dropbox, airbnb, and more. i am pleased to have him back at this table for one of his rare visits to new york. how do you spend your day?

reid: it depends on the day but almost always a breakfast meeting. external to dropbox or greylock. that is what can do the most range. it is either at greylock or linkedin. if it's greylock, it's meeting with a bunch of entrepreneurs and if it linkedin, it's product people. charlie: products people? making linkedin a better network? reid: not only, but there are a lot of products within linkedin. getting business news and business intelligence. there are ways of building a strong conductivity with your network. depending on how we evolve the

products, and how do we evolve it so they are better for members. charlie: what is your core competence? reid: blending thinking about human ecosystems with individual humans. psychology with sociology and economics, thinking about the design of the system and the individual member as an inventor or investor. charlie: we see you often at conferences. which i assume for more networking than for the new information? reid: not the new information that comes from the stage but the explanation i comes from talking to people. charlie: [laughter] because you simply know most of the things people are talking about because you've been involved in and engaged by them talking to people before everybody else knows about it. reid: one of the things i think is part of being on the network age is rigorously talking about asking people questions about what they are seeing and learning. knowing what those are early is

very helpful as an investor and an entrepreneur. you sit down one-on-one. what is the thing you're worried about? what is the keys of new technology that might be really big that you would be shy on saying in front of a bunch of people. that can give you a signal to navigate much better. charlie: you are probably too young to think you have done the best thing that you have come to do. reid: i hope not. the vision i have for linkedin is that it's still in its first-inning in terms of a baseball metaphor. and then, part of what i'm trying to figure out, how do i improve the design of human ecosystems so we are better off as individuals and as a society? i hope there's a lot more to go there. charlie: when you look at what happened in paris, they are using apps to encrypt. explain that to me. reid: with encryption, it it

protects kind of individual or pair-wise communication against outside. it there is good and bad use for it. in good use, it's individual privacy. in ability to encrypt financial communications. in bad use, it is used for terrorism. the challenge is we have both a good and the bad case. what do you do? the reason why silicon valley technology companies very broadly come out strongly in favor of encryption is that they have to look global. what tends to happen is how db -- do you be right to your individual members and customers? there are bad things that

happened in paris but we should not break everyone's encryption in order to solve that. we have other ways to solve that. siliconthe general valley perception. charlie: where is the relation between that and what the fbi wants you to do? reid: most of the silicon valley companies are global in nature. how do we protect their interests the right way? not how to protect isis. but your everyday citizen in any particular country? the right way to do that is to do something globally. now, i've been thinking about this and i said, look, if the governments of major world countries can get together, we all agree on a global treaty. this is easier for the tech

companies to do that because they are not playing one country against another or one citizenry against another. and a collective set of citizens can say this is what we want and don't want. charlie: the citizens would choose the level of encryption they wanted? reid: you might have one answer in france, one in germany, one in australia. one in india. if there is a global standard in terms of the major countries, that is something that is easy to build two. -- that is easy to build to. charlie: is it a rule of thumb that there is always somebody out there that can leap ahead of them and gain access? reid: it is so difficult that it can take a long time and is hideously expensive.

charlie: what is likely to happen because of paris? reid: maybe utopia, dystopia. a utopia is a collective agreement between various countries about what is the way that we should share our intelligence. they have a lot to stop evil violence against civilians. or dystopia. you essentially try to break -- you know, well, it could be a number of them.

the reason i'm pausing, there are some of ways it could be wrong. encryption is that everywhere. i would say that there is a lot of different ways for what may be going on. it is something that we generally value in the west and is a right that is important. charlie: and that was so much that was discussed after charlie snowden. reid: yes. there are interesting startups. it is a way you can share a single intelligence from multiple sources without having massive breaches of privacy that can get you some of the desired outcomes. and they can share that signal intelligence and do so in a fashion that meets enough of the privacy norms and prevents --

charlie: silicon valley and the fbi now, are they at loggerheads over this? or is one giving up a little in order to recognize that there are other interests? reid: i think they are at loggerheads. i think fundamentally, the reason is that most of the silicon valley companies are defending certain rights of individuals and to have a global customer base. and as such, i think the only thing that kind of brings them back collaboratively is an agreement to say that we will not have backdoor illicit spying on the member base that doesn't go through an effective judicial process. charlie: ok, let me move to some other things like blitz scaling. what is that? reid: silicon valley is an interesting place. we have companies called unicorns, billion dollar that

have never gone public. mostly that haven't, and some that have. charlie: why did you start calling them unicorns? reid: they started thinking that it is a unique beast. if you have a herd of unicorns, are they still unicorns? there is only 4 million people. what is the secret of silicon valley. not formally and technologies but 4 million people. how do we create so many of these companies? the usual answer you get is startups. talent, immigration, universities. so there you go. actually, the visible secret that very few people talk about is that there's a whole skill set and talent network for how you get global scales fast. how you build of the organization. charlie: what is the global

scale? reid: facebook, linkedin -- charlie: that's a pretty high mark. there's a global market that is not facebook or linkedin? reid: you get there faster or more aggressively. for example, uber is not a spread virally property. but they say it's really important and they will launch cities really aggressively. that kind of playbook is the kind of playbook that silicon valley has actually in fact learned. and, i coined a turn for it. there are militaristic parallels but the nature is similar. armies would only advances fast as their supply chain. what happened is the germans

blitzkreig, said if you pack light and move fast, your big choice is a halfway turnaround point. you lose big or you win big. blitz scaling is the same technique applied to businesses and growth. charlie: look at facebook's valuation today. pretty attractive. theit seems increasingly market is more appreciative of that. they made sure that advertising on mobile worked. i assume linkedin can show that. reid: we're obviously a much smaller property than facebook. but how do we increase productivity. it is network and platforms. charlie: don't scoff at that. reid: i guess we done that. charlie: we are past that threshold.

reid: exactly. but part of me that -- part of what interested me is, how do you have everyone's real identity? part of the reason why facebook and others are justifiably super interesting companies, they are these platforms that help you navigate your life much better. charlie: and the 1.3 million -- 1.3 billion users, you have a market platform? you have market power. reid: that's right. it can be -- this one is that i can stay in touch with my friends. in terms of their pictures. now i can also be a global communications network. each of those things is a different kind of at. that is why facebook broke out with facebook messenger. this is a distinct app that can even be its own platform. we should run it separately.

charlie: did you see the future of social because you watched facebook's success? or did the idea come from some other place for you? reid: for me, i was one of the first in that first round of facebook. charlie: that's why i'm asking. reid: a little bit like an earlier answer. how do we get our ecosystems better and have our relationships in a way that navigate the lives better for us. as it is i saw the internet, i knew patterns like this -- charlie: when did you study the internet? reid: i saw it as an undergraduate but i did not know it would be commercialized. charlie: had you defined this role that you have? your like a public intellectual.

a guru of the village. it's true. reid: part of it is that when i was an undergraduate, my aspiration was to become a public intellectual. it is because, how do we get individuals? we share great ideas and we talk about it. i talk with great folks like you. so fundamentally, how to we share earnings? and that helps you build great relationships. charlie: and the other thing you have a huge degree and i have ability to do this because of what i do. it to read people, understand and maximize their ability to make a contribution. i can understand if things aren't going well, how to shift and do something else.

i can read all of that stuff and i can read ambition and motives. peter thiel is one of the more successful investors out there. he said you have the uncanny ability to understand what drives individual founders and entrepreneurs. reid: part of the question about being a great partner is you understand that this person will have the drive and the learning curve and you know how to partner with them. you look at someone and you say, you're a really good product designer. talking about product design is irritating to you. this part of organizational building and creation of company culture where this particular thinking is something i know. we will be allies at how we are going about this. charlie: reid hoffman. we will back in a moment. stay with us.

♪

♪ charlie: she is by any measure the most powerful show runner working today. the creator of gray's anatomy and the smash hit scandal. and the producer of the emmy-winning series "how to get

away with murder." she controls all of abc's thursday night primetime programming. her shows are known for their twisting plots, steamy relationships, and diverse city of the cast. "i am making television look like the world looks." gay, straight, single, divorced, searching -- everybody gets a seat. here's a look at her world. [video clip] >> stop talking about god and country and admit you want to do this. >> i do. >> he's laying on a table in there and they are inside his chest. you don't get to cry about that.

>> mark my words. he will not make it to the end of his term. >> are you thinking that divorcing your wife and moving in with me is a tiny bit of a problem? >> it's a problem. >> clearly. >> this is criminal law 100. or as i prefer to call it, how to get away with murder. charlie: her new book documents are rise to the top of hollywood. in the years she decided to stop saying no and said yes to everything. i am pleased to have shonda rhimes at this table for the first time. you have all these hits, i said to you, what is the magic. reid: i love my job. you have to love what you do. charlie: to be a good writer is one thing. to create a television program and do anything that involves more than just being able to put one sentence after the other even with the command of language. shonda: i love it in a way that i feel has been intrinsic to me. i say that for me, it is

somebody who feels like they have a piano talent. i have been able to play. i have been able to write. it is natural. charlie: are you a great storyteller? shonda: i hope so. charlie: you have to be to have the success that you have. what does it start with? shonda: usually for me, it starts with either an image or a little piece of dialogue. it starts with a sense or the idea. gray's started with sort of the idea of really competitive people and what that felt like. to feel like you're going to kill somebody on a bad day. charlie: is that an environment that you knew? shonda: no, not in any way, shape, or form. i was never good at science but the idea of being a competitive person, i am terribly

absolutely competitive. i do that world and those kinds of women. gray's anatomy was my first job in tv. charlie: where did you come from? shonda: i had been writing movies, gotten out of film school, struggled as an assistant. wrote a couple of movies and thought, i'm going to try writing a tv show. "gray'surned out to be anatomy." shonda: you wrote it and the network said this is terrific. we will take it? -- charlie: you wrote it and the network said this is terrific. we will take it? shonda: i think it was less interesting than that. the big guns were number one immediately. they were huge phenomenons.

we were the little engine that could and nobody was really paying attention to us. when we came out, it was a surprise. charlie: and then there was "scandal." shonda: one of my producing partners introduced me to judy smith. she worked with monica lewinsky and had done other things. we set down the talk for what i thought was going to be a meet and greet. four and a half hours later we both were starving but i had ideas for 100 episodes in my head for just talking with her. how she fixed people's problems was fascinating to me. she is talking about their most personal problem. i think she offers the ability to reorganize their lives instantly and put order to whatever chaos happened to them. charlie: olivia pope is her.

shonda: olivia pope is definitely her, i mean, inspired by her. i had to give her a completely different life. charlie: which brings me to kerry washington. it seems like perfect casting. shonda: it does in hindsight. i should've just picture and -- picked her and moved on. charlie: but you didn't. charlie: the first african-american role in a leading lady in 37 years or something like that. i felt surreal real -- i felt a real responsibility to let every actress in the age range audition. it was like cinderella. we had everybody try that she -- the shoe on.

and it was perfect with her. she embodied the role in such a beautiful way. charlie: did abc say yes? shonda: it was very clear immediately that she was the right person. charlie: what is amazing is to be the show runner for one show. how many do you run? shonda: i only run two. i am helping other writers create their shows and have the space to create them. charlie: a show runner often does not right. write, not necessarily or often does not write. shonda: in my world, i do. i like it. charlie: what is the skill? being able to find the perfect words to put in the right math? shonda: you have to understand the long game of your story. you can't just tell a story because it's witty or funny or that moment will be great.

you have to understand the journey you are taking your character on. and you have to be able to tell a story visually in an interesting way. television might be television but people want cinematic television now. charlie: then comes along how to get away with murder. this may be the perfect casting. shonda: viola davis is incredible and having her at the helm of that show is fantastic. a roller coaster ride of a show. you can watch that woman read the phone book and it's going to be good. charlie: did you just come along at the right time in her life that she was prepared to think that she will try something new? shonda: i think it was fortuitous. she thought maybe i will think about television and i don't know how many scripts she had been presented with and we gave her the right one. which we were very lucky to do.

charlie: define the character for me. shonda: she's a defense attorney that is volatile. when you first meet her in the pilot, she is clearly -- there has been a murder that happened. you are not surewho. the show is told in flashbacks. someone has murdered her husband. the show is told in flashbacks and you come to understand this woman who is supposed to be the most outstanding woman in the world also might be a murderer. she has students she is teaching. she's charismatic. and it is a really powerful role. charlie: what is the best description for you? what resonated with you? shonda: i don't know. i think it's interesting because there's a lot of grandiose descriptions that i find kind of hilarious. charlie: that's the point, really.

when you see these grandiose descriptions of you, power, talent. shonda: i'm a writer. that's the best description of me. charlie: the spread across so many. as i said, to have one television show is a demanding task. it's not easy. you have a stable of writers and it is still not easy. shonda: no, absolutely it is not easy. but we are creating worlds here. once i have established the worlds of gray's anatomy and it exists and breathes on its own two feet, it is a living being. i don't have to kill myself to figure it out as it exists. i don't need to tell you what color shoes meredith needs to be wearing. it's almost like it's a fantasy land for me. charlie: a fantasy land you own.

shonda: yes, it's almost -- it is just inherent in my knowledge of what going to happen. charlie: everything about the character. what they would read, eat, what they would wear? the kind of person they would want to have a relationship with. shonda: when you get to know the characters, you do. 200 something episodes in, i really know them. say, imes much easier to know this so well that i'm not leaving it at a vulnerable time to go do something else. charlie: why did you write it? shonda: i wrote that completely not planning to write this book. it was almost an accident. i had been having this year that had been started by my sister. i am the youngest of six and my oldest sister said to me one day, you never say yes to anything. you never go anywhere, you never

do anything, never take any of these great invitations. you have a fancy hollywood life that is not fancy at all. anything.say "yes" to thought, she is right. i'm really not happy and i'm not living. i thought, i'm going to start say yes to anything that scared me. i could not give an interview or stand on a stage without terrible stage fright. and i did. and a year into it, one of my agents said, he should probably write a book about that. i said, i don't know. but in saying yes to everything, so yes. charlie: were you worried about losing all that you had? supremelyu

confident in knowing that you had the code? shonda: i think it was partly that. one step at a time, you start to lose these things. you say no because you're working really hard and you want to do well. i was very aware of the stakes. if i failed, when was there going to be another television show with a black woman in a leading role? it was very clear. i felt that urgency when i spoke to anybody. then i started saying no because it felt easier than saying yes and then you forgot what it was like to be the person that says yes. charlie: you said you hug the walls at social events. shonda: absolutely. charlie: what makes it so satisfying? "yes," --egan to say

the newness of experience? shonda: it turned out to be incredibly transformative experience. i would say yes and do something terrifying. giving a commencement speech or speaking at something else, i would stop being afraid of the thing i was so afraid of. the felt like i had discovered a superpower. outside of your realm. charlie: outside of your realm. you had confidence as a writer. he had done that on a big stage and a big arena. shonda: i wanted to be toni morrison. and she is already toni morrison so that was not going to happen. charlie: people say that they want to be shonda rimes. shonda: i know, and i say, you don't want to do that. i'm not leaving my job. but be yourself. i took every opportunity presented to me.

whether or not i thought it was to be. wanted going to film school happened because i read it was harder to get into usc film school than it was to harvard law school. i was bored in my advertising job. so i applied to go and discovered how much i loved writing tv and film. charlie: why did they accept you? shonda: i was a good writer. literally, i'm nothing if not a very good student of anything. i got their thinking film school might be interesting. i discovered that this is where my writing really settles in and feels good. it makes more sense to write scripts then a novel. charlie: what else did you say yes to? shonda: guest starring in the mindy project. it was wonderful. a lot of small things at first. jimmy kimmel live. the public things. and then it got serious.

i started saying yes to saying no to people that are frilly manipulative. i got rid of toxic people in my life. i lost 117 pounds. i shed a boyfriend, a fiance. there was a lot of things, like deciding i did not want to get married. it transformed me into knowing who i was in a way that existed outside of work. charlie: when did this happen? shonda: two years. thanksgiving of 2013. i finished the book in august of this year. charlie: soon enough they will have a reality show about you. shonda: no, they won't. i will never do a reality show. charlie: it's wonderful to meet you. the year of yes. how to dance it out, stand in the sun. back in a moment. stay with us. ♪

♪ charlie: peggy noonan is here. she is the author of nine books on american politics and american culture. her new book is called "the time of our lives." it chronicles her career in journalism. in the reagan white house, she president's primary

speech writer. i am pleased to welcome a colleague at cbs, peggy noonan, back to this table. peggy: thank you, charlie. charlie: what do we have here? why the title? peggy: because it is derived from an observation. not only we are living our own lives but the life of our times. charlie: do you look for themes, looking for dividing chronologically? peggy: we thought of all different ways. this is what i decided to do. i wanted to collect the things i had written over 30 years. there is old cbs stuff. charlie: like radio scripts for dan rather. peggy: i had all of my work in big white boxes in the backs of closets and in warehouses.

i got it all together and i surrendered myself and started going through everything i had written and i found that naturally it divided itself into themes and topics. i love this. i don't know about this. and, oh my god, i hate this. charlie: if you are writing for ronald reagan, you write for his voice. and if you are writing for osgood and others, you are writing in their voice. and when you write a column, you write your voice. peggy: yes. it's what writers do. it comes straight out of your head and your heart. you know, your whole self. and you sound like yourself because you are yourself. you don't have to channel anybody else. charlie: but as a writer, finding your voice is a crucial ingredient in great writing. once, someone asked me did you have trouble finding

your voice? i worried after working for reagan, such a vivid presence and as such a vivid-sounding human, that i would have trouble getting back to my own sound. i wrote my first book and i had no problem at all. i inescapably sound like me. to the extent i have a voice, it is just my voice. a wonderful man for 15 years now on the wall street journal, also a writer, named james toronto. charlie: what does he add or subtract? peggy: he looks at what i've written and will sometimes question things. he will say, peggy, i am not sure about this. charlie: so what is content and style? peggy: it is primarily factual content. james is the person that says it did not happen in the winter of 2012. it happened in early spring. he looks out for me. you can make mistakes of

judgment that to you seem just like an honest point of view sometimesrrect, and james will just say, really. are you sure? just him saying that will make me think, am i sure? charlie: i've never met anyone that could not use a good editor. peggy: oh god, if you don't have a good editor, you will get in trouble and it won't he is much fun. charlie: charlie saffire, a paid white house employee for richard nixon. what did you learn from him? peggy: he was wonderful. he took me under his arm a little bit and was sort of an advice person. did i say that the right way? he took me under his shoulder.

charlie: bob bartley, the former opinion page editor. peggy: he called me and had me come in and write op-ed pieces at the wall street journal informally. and then one day he picked up the phone and called me up in a lighthearted way and said, there's this new thing called the internet and the journal is going to have internet editorial page and internet columnist. will you be one? i said yes not knowing it would become a major part of my life. he offered me x dollars a month and i asked if we can add 10% of that so that in retrospect i felt like i drove a hard bargain. he laughed and said yes. we shook hands over the phone and -- charlie: you should have said 50%. peggy: i should've had you there. charlie: who is jane jane? peggy: my great aunt, my

maternal grandfather's sister who had a great impact on me when i was a child. i spent a great deal of time with her in the summers at a very quiet and lonely little home out in long island. and learned much about life from her. charlie: if i read all of your columns, what would i know about peggy noonan? i know she's a good writer. i know she's passionate about politics. peggy: i love politics. as i put the book together, i had never told people before that i loved politics. i saw my own love for the greatness game, over 30 years, and the excitement of it. i think you probably know i am a christian of the catholic variety. you would probably know i'm a woman living in new york. there's a lot of walking the streets of manhattan. you know i am a conservative. i hide nothing about it. it is the subject of a column. coming up at some point. look --

charlie: an emerging question in this political debate that the republicans are having. peggy: look, let me jump. i think something really huge and fundamental is happening this year on the republican side in politics. in 1976, ronald reagan went up against gerald ford to decide one question. will the republican party be conservative? that's it. moderate liberal or conservative. 1980 landslide, answered the question, reagan landslide. the modern republican party will be conservative. this year, i think we are answering the question, what does conservatism mean? what does it mean in the 21st century? and the entire republican party is having a brawl about it. conservatives have been having brawls about it for a while, as you know.

it as part you see of your responsibility to help them define what it means to be conservative? peggy: no. it is, in part, my responsibility and joy to share my thoughts about this. about where conservatism should be going. and where the party should be going. but, i don't feel any pressure being a guide or a guru. charlie: because of barry goldwater and then ronald reagan. first bill buckley, then barry goldwater, then ronald reagan. aagan was what was called it movement conservative. that still exists? peggy: it does, but that's a bit fractured. i mean, and -- there are three or four things. not higher taxes, lower. not regulation higher, lower. it's all gotten a little bit more complicated now.

it became complicated in the george w. bush era. when things started to fall apart. why didn't fall apart? because there was great argument about the war and he felt it necessary. charlie: he came to power saying he wanted to be a compassionate conservative. is conservatism compassionate? peggy: that is a wonderful question. it can be. it should be. it does not always look that way. conservatives can be pretty -- conservatives can be crabby, especially when

they debate what conservatism is. we have a party that says the conservative way to look at entitlement spending is that we made a deal with the people. and you keep your deals. they have a moral right to everything they were told to expect from those programs. american spending is out of control. our kids will carry the burden of our spending. it is uncompassionate to them to make them carry the load. all these things will have to be adjudicated. in this election cycle, and maybe also in the next election cycle. i am not sure when it ends. i mean, immigration is a huge issue. it is never going away. charlie: this may sound like a stupid question. do you love writing? not just writing, but your own writing. the idea of being able to -- in the famous words of john kennedy, i am paraphrasing loosely, he took the english language and took it to war.

peggy: yes. to fight for us. charlie: the idea that words and ideas have such power, enhanced if they are said in such an inspiring and precise way. so that they touch the spirit and the mind. peggy: i never considered being anything other than a writer. there were times, you know, there was a wild when i wanted to do an actress. an actress writer. then i was going to be a nun. a non-writer. then i was going to be a reporter. writer was always just what i was. i enjoyed writing as a kid. i enjoyed reading which is sort of how you come to love writing. you love reading and, does a person do this? who is that person? part of like my image of myself. it is like being irish catholic. charlie: did mitt romney disappoint you greatly? because you were there for him.

,what you wrote. peggy: i was trying to be supportive of the conservative candidate. which i do sometimes. i can't say he disappointed me because he never struck me as a great political talent. i have to tell you. and part of me thought, i never wrote this, but part of me thought that when he sadly lost in 2012, as i said to friends, we dodged a bullet. on the republican side, we need some kind of political genius to succeed and that was not a political genius. that was a man who was great at life, not a politician. charlie: great family and the right values. peggy: yes. good man. charlie: when you think of political genius, do you think of ronald reagan? bill clinton? real political talent. who has it on the republican side?

my answer when asked that is, large gifts are best seen in retrospect. i really can't tell you at the moment. charlie: you don't see emerging talent? sheer political talent? you want to see sheer political talent? marco rubio has share political talent. ted cruz has different kinds. charlie: how is it different? peggy: marco puts himself forward as someone who cares about ideas, programs, policies. with ted, you get this sneaking suspicion that ted cares very much about ted programs and policies. there is just a sense of, it is kind of about ted and his own drama and forays to independent action in the senate. and so that makes you see him in a different way. but does he look deeply articulate and smart and bright -- charlie: one is defining himself as a man of the future and another who wants to go back to

certain principles and ideas he believes in. peggy: maybe. we will see. i need to watch a little bit more. i'm doing the best that i can. i am dancing as fast as i can. charlie: size of the field so far. did the debate we just saw change anything? or is conventional wisdom right? everything pretty much came out of there in place. peggy: i think so. i think that. i think the field has to get narrower for us to have a sure sense of what we think. a little surprised and disappointed that john kasich just doesn't seem to get beyond his wobbly beginning. you know? this is a real political talent and we don't elect resumes in american politics, nor should we. but he has one of the greatest

resumes ever to run for president. and he is a serious guy. charlie: bush 41 had a great resume. and he was an ambassador to the party. a lot ofs, but it those were appointed. john kasich has been elected to his posts though. i'm big on edmund burke. to me, the meaning is respect reality. see it and respect it. do not be a jerk. charlie: what did you about disraeli? peggy: i love to disraeli. woody mean? he was one of the greatest political survivors and maneuvers, leaders, and

put-offers of his opposition. he danced on his head. i think about him somewhat. charlie: american culture, are we debasing it? in the words of -- peggy: we've made it bizarre and gross. it worries me. not for the adults. nothing you watch or see on the computer or watch on tv or here is going to hurt you. but for kids from families that go here, kids who are the object of a certain amount of negligence and inattention to be brought up in this culture is, to me, a scary thing. i worry about it a lot. i say in my essay in the book that when we were children, nothing was ever heaven. our parents were not ward cleaver and misses cleaver. they would look at you after breakfast and say go out and play now. and they would like if you came home about 6:00 p.m., but you could go and play in america in

those days. people can't anymore. it is absurd in a way that people cannot quite articulate, i think. charlie: this is what some nice people of said about you. he said what we need is more heart wise historians. heart wise, noon and certainly is. and here from matt drudge, her words and essays have swept through decades, capturing events and moments with grace and optimism. she confides in the reader as she would a dear friend. henry kissinger, peggy noonan's columns and essays are exquisitely written and perceptively argued. i am a devoted reader. her writings illuminate the issues and provide a vision for our future. the book is called "the time of our lives." peggy noonan. thank you. peggy: thank you, charlie. very much. charlie: and thank you. thank you for joining us. see you next time. ♪

emily: it's new here in hong kong. we have an update of the top stories. retail stocks pulling asia down as pressure on industrial metals pushes copper and nickel to their lowest in years. a five day climb was snapped while chinese shares are on the retreat in hong kong. asian energy and material stocks are down 13% this year. sharpe has had the biggest three-day gain in years. the bank may forgive the debt strapped company's loans. sharpe has seen almost $10 billion in losses over the last four years. china has sent an antigraft inspector to the shan