>> from our studios in new york city, this is "charlie rose." charlie: we are in washington, and we begin with politics. according to "the new york times ," hillary clinton has a 72% chance of winning the presidency. the general consensus is that donald trump struggled in the first debate on monday, as clinton put him on the defensive. nielsen ratings estimate a record-breaking 84 million viewers watched the debate. the focus is now shifting to the second debate in st. louis on october 9.

trump's advisor is said to prepare them more thoroughly. him more thoroughly. joining me as our hearts and abby phillip, we will come to this program for the first time, a national political reporter for "the washington post ." tell me where the narrative has gone since the debate. al: if conventional norms apply, and i remember jeff green phil telling you that they may no do, trump but if they has had a terrible three days. he has renewed his attacks on miss universe, trying to insist he won the debate, he's angry at his advisors, and nothing is going right. that is the state of play if conventional norms apply. this electorate is not like a speedboat. it is like a battleship. it does not move quickly. i don't think there is a huge change from monday night. i think the two things

encouraging to the democrats are that he has so turned off a number of young people. i was at a college in philadelphia. they were not that impressed with her, but they were really impressed with him. secondly, i think he offended more african-americans who have been reasonably more passive. has attacked barack obama, who has a 52% approval rating. in that sense, it has been a good week for hillary clinton. she has the advantage, but 72% makes sense, but that means there is 28% that could go the other way. charlie: what about this notion that he knows he does not -- he did not do well, even though he says he did fine, and his team is preparing him differently? be.that may he hates to admit he did not do well, because that means he's a loser. hallext debate is a town in missouri. it is a lot harder to be on the attack at a town hall, because you are taking questions from ordinary citizens.

he showed the other night that he has never been in a one-on-one debate before. those 16 person and seven person fields. she has had a lot of one on ones, including against barack obama. i do not think he has done a town hall quite like this before, so he will have to prepare differently than the third debate, but the fox news host. -- with the fox news host. bby: there is a lot of talk, both among trump campaign strategist and alsods from hi -- strategists and also from his surrogates about the bill clinton of the 1990's. the way they are framing it is, what hillary clinton did to the women accusing bill clinton of wrongdoing is what makes her unacceptable. but it is kind of a tricky that they find themselves in, because hillary clinton's approval rating at

that time went way up, and she became immensely popular in the face of a lot of adversity. there is some clear dissension in the trump campaign about other this is the right route to go. it is clear that donald trump wants to go down this road. i think he feels most comfortable when he is going on the attack and putting the clinton on the defense on an issue that he thinks is very uncomfortable, and decidedly not politically correct. that at the same time, his advisors recognize that it is hard to frame an argument like that against a woman about her husband's behavior, and i think that's where the concern is. charlie: he wants to make an argument about being an enabler, but you can't do that without looking like you are attacking. abby: absolutely. the clinton campaign is sort of smiling to themselves, because they have been preparing for this for quite some time. from the very beginning, clinton advisers have known that trump

would be tempted to go down the road. >> they would never be sure that he would find a way in that would never be sort of ham-handed, but they have been preparing for this, and i think they believe that it is easy to make -- to defend hillary clinton's against someone who himself has a long history of infidelity and multiple marriages and so on and so forth. i think they feel prepared to go down this road, but they also recognize that trump is less likely to do it in a way that is skillful. charlie: the interesting thing about this too is that he has had, in a strange way, is strong support from the evangelical community. al: he has. they have decided that issues like abortion and gay rights -- even though he has not said much more about that -- i agree, though. it is not just the thrice-mary donald trump -- thrice-married

twold trump, but his biggest surrogates are rudy giuliani and newt gingrich. i don't know people with worse marriages than those two. ant gingrich was having affair with his third right while he was trying to impeach bill clinton for lying about sex . i would not send them to talk about marriage. by conventional norms, this is insane. a radio host who is no fan of donald trump made this point earlier today. he said you have several men who have histories of infidelity and multiple marriages attacking a woman for her husband's infidelity. it is playing into a stereotype of republicans that they are trying to run away from. over thed to the flap miss universe contestant and donald trump shaming her for being overweight. i think for some republicans,

they are looking at the situation and really bringing their hands, because this is playing into stereotypes about attacking women that they have been trying to dodge for a long time. trump is already hurting with women. this doesn't help. charlie: unless he gets them, he has limited chances of winning. al: he can't win in colorado without them. take it on the point you just made, it detracts from what might be more winning issues for him. the clinton foundation, the e-mails. every time he is attacking bill clinton for an 18, 19-year-old , and hillary clinton for sticking by her man, which is what evangelicals used to say you should do, then it seems to me that he is losing an opportunity to talk about things that may resonate. charlie: and you had to that the fact that lots of people thought he did well in the first 15 minutes. he was in the room with somebody

who had been secretary of state and a senator, and had been first lady of both the united states and arkansas, and he was there on the toto, -- there, so e,st so -- toe-to-to explaining his policies, and why trade may be at the source of economic dislocation. abby: trump has an achilles heel, demonstrated clearly monday night. he does not like being criticized, and that's one of the first things hillary clinton did when she got out there. she criticized him for taking money from his father to start his businesses. that was the moment where he sort of derailed. she lost his cool. he started to fire back at her for small slights. that continued and escalated all the way until the end what the abate, when she dropped well-planned attack on him about his comments on miss universe

alecia machado by saying -- and he did not handle any of that well. if trump can stay disciplined and not go off the rails when she feels like she is being personally slighted, he has a chance of sort of competing with her on the issues, but the problem is that the clinton campaign knows he does not like to be attacked personally. that's why they planted those traps for him. charlie: tell me about young african-americans. true the thing that is about young african-americans and millennials overall, they are on and used by hillary nenthused- they are u by hillary clinton. there are only experience with electoral politics has been with barack obama. candidates they feel excited about, who they are motivated by, who they are inspired by, and she does not make them feel that way, and they feel very much like they have to feel that

way about someone in order to cast a vote for them. is challenging for her to overcome that, and frankly it may be impossible for my overcome that. that's where the surrogates come in. charlie: obama and sanders. abby: obama, sanders, michelle obama, the best of the group. we saw this week, it is really amazing to see a first lady come out and command a rally-sized crowd. are usually in small rooms, dimming hand-to-hand -- doing hand-to-hand campaigning. michelle obama could fill a stadium if you wanted her to. she can command a stadium. that is very unusual, but it is a very powerful tool. oflary clinton has a lot challenges with getting african-americans to believe that she is trustworthy. i also think that michelle obama and barack obama play a huge role in that, because their are ater -- they

character with african-american a 52% approvalh rating, he is fairly unimpeachable. charlie: we will be right back. stay with us. ♪

charlie: the battle of aleppo grew even more dire this week. a cease-fire between the u.s. and russia collapsed as forces

launched an offensive on the rebel held city. two hospitals were targeted by airstrikes wednesday morning. analysts estimate close to 200 airstrikes pounded aleppo over the weekend. the latest assault is being described as the worst yet and syria'sfive years -- five year's civil joining me is the special assistant to the president and the white house coordinator for the middle east and gulf region from 2014 to 2015. --o, clarissa ward, a former foreign correspondent for cnn. i begin with this question for you, clarissa. bad is it, and when will it ever stop? can'tsa: charlie, i believe i am saying this, because every time we had this conversation, i say i can't believe it can get any worse, because the situation is already so bad. we were searing -- we were

seeing quite clearly that the ground is indeed worse. that is because the russian and syrian air forces have started to use what appeared to be bunker-buster bombs. this is a new low even by their standard. we had deviously seen them use cluster bombs, homemade barrel incendiary devices, but this is the first time we have heard about to occur-buster bombs. casualties are high, more than 200 dead in less than a week. are of the casualties minorities. all of this is happening against the backdrop of a siege that has been ongoing for months. i spoke to people and aleppo today. there is very little left in the marketplaces, just a few vegetables. nothing left in the stores. get around. to very little diesel to power generators. no electricity. as you said this morning, two

hospitals and a bakery hit. the situation is worse than it was a week ago, and certainly no end in sight. >> it reminds some people of of the absolute worst humanitarian situations and atrocities that we have seen for 70 years. charlie: i don't want to be naive, but how can the world stand to let this happen? >> the world's conscience should be shocked by what is happening in aleppo. the problem is, nobody has done even a simple alternative to it, but even perhaps a viable one. you can sit there and say we can't let it happen, but then you start walking through it you put yourself in that situation, ok, what do we do? the answer is, we respond with equal force. we have seen this before with escalation. if it leads to counter

escalation by then. said, could this get worse, it could actually get worse. charlie: it could get worse in aleppo and other cities held by rebels? philip: absolutely. aleppo has been the big prize. country.a big there are 21 million syrians with the war started. sadly, so many of them have them killed were displaced. but aleppo is just one of the battlegrounds that are still at stake, and if this goes on i think we will see more speeches, more refugees, and more killing. charlie: there is nothing to stop the airstrikes? philip: the reason the world put so much hope in the cease-fire is because of the dearth of alternatives. the main alternative is counter escalation. many countries have been supporting the opposition for five years with arms to try to

put pressure on the syrian government and the russians and iranians to come to the table and have a negotiated solution. we have seen their response to that. it is just more and more force. the united states clearly has the military capacity to stand up to the syrian government and to russia, but every time that policy is put on the table, the president and those involved asked the question, what happens next? if you believe a response by airstrikes in the united states believe the other side to negotiate, then that is a fine idea and you can save aleppo. if, as is more likely, they were fighting for their lives and respond with more strikes against your side and counter escalation, then you have to go the next step, and where that may well end is the violent overthrow of the regime. you get back to baghdad or libyan scenarios, and possibly that havef refugees

been supporting the assad regime are stood up to. that is why there are no easy alternatives, and why so much has been invested in this cease-fire. clarissa, the people clearly want it to stop. we have seen horrifying pictures of children. what do the people you know in syria want to see don? -- see done? clarissa: they would like the putunity to put in tha -- in end to the abject world they have seen for the last five years. i understand what philip was saying, but inaction is a form of policy as well, and in action has consequences as well. you talked about the refugees that can be unleashed if the assad regime was to be over from. -- was to be overthrown. we already have a refugee crisis

the likes of which we have not seen in decades. the european union is in danger of unraveling because of the millions who have been spilling out of the country, with the rise of these far right-wing parties responding to that mass influx of refugees. 70% of the is that people on the ground inside syria are sunni muslims. they will never, ever except the regime of -- accept the regime of bashar al-assad. that is not me speaking from a place of personal bias. that is the fact and reality. you can talk to anybody on the supportho does not bashar al-assad, and they will tell you there is no going back to how it used to be. there is no putting the genie back in the lab. at this stage, that is simply not an option. then you start to look forward, what are the options? i agree with what you said about the dangers of escalation. at the airstrikes have got to stop, because as long as the airstrikes go on, you can be what you're seeing

happening on the ground in northern syria is the generation of one of the most dangerous generators for terrorism and extremism -- incubators for terrorism and extremism that we have seen. as long as we consider isis a major national security priority, we cannot continue to --e what is happening with continue to ignore what is happening with the syrian civil war, because the two are linked. it is the giant wind infecting the rest of the body. it promises or threatens to go way beyond the borders of just syria. these are not las vegas rules here. what happens in syria does not stay in syria. charlie: to make sure i i heardnd, you and people this weekend to talk are you sayinge, that the focus needs to be on the civil war, because the civil war is breeding the terrible

things in aleppo, so the u.s. and the world's focus has to be on the civil war and stopping assad, because he is the perpetrator of these crimes? clarissa: it is a chicken and egg situation, unfortunately. everybody would like to just deal with isis on its own. it would be much easier to go in there and do strikes, and we don't have to have troops on the ground, and we can rely on our allies. we don't seem to have much in on the way of good allies on the rebel side. said, during the conference we heard several people saying the same ideas, people more intelligent than i am -- you caps off one problem without dealing with the other. they are -- you cannot solve one problem without dealing with the other. they are inextricably linked. first of all, let me say that clarissa's description of the consequences is exactly right. no one should underplay that at

all. they are destabilizing europe, fueling secretary is an final is -- sectarianism and for the mentalism and terrorism. all of this in part derives from killing, bombing sunni muslims on a daily basis. currently consequences. you started blasting me about dresden. at some of these parallels are also important to keep in mind. in dresden, it was also unacceptable and horrific. we went to war, and we invaded and occupied and did whatever it took. my point in reminding us why we still are trying to get this sort of cease-fire is i don't think anyone should believe that there is a light option that

resolves this problem. charlie: there is no light footprint solution. philip: no like for current solution. people want to believe that just a couple of airstrikes, which he read in a paper as a recommendation, let's just had some airfields and helicopters believe that hitting runways or helicopters, or even shooting a plane out of the sky, leads russia and assad to come to the table and agree to a transitional government, if you believe that that happens, then let's do that. i think much more likely is you hit some airplanes and some runways and some troops, and they are fighting for their , not, escalating further just in aleppo but other places, and it is back to you. where that probably and citizen escalation whereby we have to shoot russian planes, violently overthrow their sovereignty, and that's how these things end. how it ended in iraq.

we had a no-fly zone for more than a decade, sanctions for more than a decade. ultimately it is a problem. charlie: he was in power. andip: he was in power, ultimately to the degree that he was a problem, we had to go in and occupied. charlie: is that the only thing that can bring assad down, that kind of invasion? philip: post to that. a lot of people are backing him, simply fighting for their lives, and they are afraid that the -- rnative to him charlie: and iran will not stand by and let that happen to assad? philip: five years of evidence suggests that they feel they have a profound interest in avoiding regime change in damascus. not that they love assad. if you were gone, that would be fine with them. what they oppose -- if he were gone, that would be fine with

them. what they oppose is in overthrowing of the regime, a principled regime change everywhere. notionnt to avoid the that if people take up arms against their local dictator, the united states, nato, and the west comes in and helps them overthrow. a have a sort of principled thing. theyd that, i think believe that the alternative to assad is not the stable, moderate government that we would like to see, but jihad is in, afghanistan, somalia -- ji hadism, afghanistan, somalia. we keep doing the opposite. charlie: we have no leverage, obviously. and i: we have some, think we should use more. the criminal response to not implement a new cease-fire now should increase, lead us to do pressure oncrease russia. i think they're making a mistake even in terms of their own

interest, because they are going to provoke even more fundamentalists and terrorists and will turn their sites on russia. they are going to alienate relations with the arab world, which might involve sanctions. there needs to be a price for the russians and what they do. we need to offer them an out, and this cease-fire was on out. interestsrotect their in syria, they can be seen as a major power in the middle east, they could work with the united states to fight who they considered their enemies, these extremist groups in syria. that was a real out. it was not pleasant for us. nobody here wanted to do that, but they could have, to a degree, to clear victory. instead, we are seeing them push , do what they are doing in aleppo. i think they need to play a price for that. charlie: so there are no opportunities in the rest of this administration. philip: i think so.

it only happens when russia understands they have to pay a price. syria cannot hold all -- aleppo cannot hold all of syria. russians can bomb aleppo as much as they want. there are 250,000 people there that refuse to live under this regime, and the regime does not have the manpower to hold it. they are fighting a lost cause, and they need to realize that. charlie: some are arguing that there was a power vacuum and the russians have moved into it, and they are doing what they wanted to do, which is to keep someone in power because they hate the chaos, and hate the idea of tribalism too. says,o what the president would come after -- is the president right, or is there an alternative that would come after that he is not thinking about? torissa: let me get quickly this idea of what russia stands

to gain in this, because you touched on an important point. russia has, i would argue, relatively little to lose. fair amountg them a of money, fair enough. it is not costing them a huge amount of casualties or loss of life, because it is primarily from the air. it is giving them leverage on the diplomatic field area russia does not care about the u.s. naming and shaming them in the united nations and elsewhere on the world stage. when you talk to phil gordon about russia having to understand they will pay the price, i am curious as to what that price is. right now, i don't think russia feels they have any price to pay. and we talk about the u.s. diplomatic efforts, if there is not something underlying that diplomatic effort, if there is not some major leverage, it most often would probably be the threat of force, then acidulated what you are talking about is u.s. diplomats asking the russians nicely to please help them out.

every senior western diplomat that i have spoken to behind said that theys feel they are being asked to perform miracles with their arms tied behind their backs. the russians are pursuing their own national interest that relatively little cost to them, and there is not much i see that theu.s. can do in terms of status quo to make a difference. in terms of what the president has said about what the future would be, again, if you have private conversations, charlie, and i know you know this better than most, with white house officials and former administration officials, they will tell you there is an of pressure on the president at the moment. there has been a lot of criticism about the lack of a robust policy from this administration. there is a strong feeling among

many that president obama will continue to be haunted by this by decades to come, but the response of the white house in the face of this kind of oppressive pressure, while it may not be in the public arena, but in the elite circles of washington, the pressure is there, and the response has been not to say we made a mistake, but to double down and say this is the best decision we ever made. that's our story. we are sticking to it. two things.ip: on the russians, i agree there should be more pressure, but it's not a walk in the park for russia. they will almost certainly be provoking terrorist threats. may feel like they have a handle on it, but there has been some ambitious terrorist retaliation on russia, and i think they should probably be prepared to see the same.

they are alienating relations with a lot of countries in the region and in europe. there are significant financial sanctions over ukraine. charlie: which are still in place. philip: which are still in place and are hurting the economy because of the low oil prices. if the russians were somewhat constructive in syria, i think you would see some european countries saying, you know what? they are being helpful. we can work with them. let's move forward and try to have a positive relationship. i think in the long run, they can't accomplish their goals either. that is why there has always been some hope for this cease-fire. in terms of the president's reluctance to use force -- charlie: because he says he doesn't know what is going to happen or get bogged down in a quagmire. been there, done that. philip: the threat of force, you

have to be willing to use it. getle want to be able to away with the threat of force. that won't get it done. you have to be willing to use it. think about libya. useibya, we also wanted to leverage and threats to get to david to stop doing similarly horrific things. and ultimately, to leave. we made a no-fly zone, we provided aid to the -- to get it eat ae -- the market off stop doing similarly horrific things. i think we should be willing to do that. i think that's legitimate. what i have a problem with is the suggestion that we don't need to do the really big and hard things. we will threaten with force or do a bit more leverage or an airstrike. it doesn't get it done. can be nothing but

depressed. thank you, philip. thank you, clarissa. great to see you. back in a moment. stay with us.

charlie: reid hoffman is here. he is one of silicon valley's savviest and most respected investors. he cofounded linkedin. announcedicrosoft plans to acquire linkedin for

more than $26 billion. the deal is expected to close later this year. he is a partner at greylock, which has backed some of tech's biggest successes over the past decade. has also taken a public stand on the presidential election and to donate up to $5 million to veterans of donald trump releases his tax interns. im pleased to have reid hoffman back at this table. welcome. -- whatke what sin the is in the introduction, first of all. you want donald trump to release his tax returns, and if he does, you will give $5 million to veterans organizations. from a young marine vet iraq launched this campaign. we, as people who put our lives on the line, deserve transparency in our presidential

candidate. i looked at this and thought it was brilliant. with the right alignment of people who have demonstrated the deepest public service together with, well, if you want to be a public servant, you should be transparent. i said this is great. i will do the five million dollars. it doesn't have to be a match. i will do the $5 million if donald trump releases his taxes the way presidential candidates should. we have the right as a people to who wantare the people to represent america. the income taxes don't lie, or if they do, you are in big trouble with the irs. charlie: your problems are just beginning, because they can put you in jail. why do you think he is not doing this? you saw the secretary of state in the debate. do you have something to hide? you are not as rich as you say

you are. you don't give as much to charity as you say you do. charlie: it could be that he is not as rich -- reid: it could be that he is not as rich as he says he is. it could be that he is gaming the taxes. he says he is smart because he doesn't pay taxes. we are american citizens. we have a duty to our country. we are proud of paying our taxes. only pay what you all, but not paying taxes is not smart. charlie: it's also an insult to the men and women who cannot hire fancy lawyers and all sorts of people to come in and minimize everything at every step. reid: exactly, and be proud to be an american. be part of the country. hehe as philanthropic as claims he is. we can look at the trump

foundation. he hasn't given money to that for years. against are you simply donald trump or are you in favor of hillary clinton? favor ofm strongly in hillary clinton. i thought one of the best lines of the debate was when she said she prepared for the debate and she prepared to be president. i think that's a good thing. she is probably the most prepared candidate in american history for knowing what the skills are for the job. and the job requires skills, and that's the point. charlie: they're people who can argue about the accomplishments of the ad palma -- of the obama administration while she was secretary of state. we can always to more. that's silicon valley, what did we learn and we can always do more. started withration

the disaster of the iraq war, the financial crisis, and a bunch of other things. given these crises, how well did you do? i think the administration did very well given those crises. charlie: there are a lot of people who believe that a good part of the system that works for you doesn't work for them. are hurting.le if somebody comes along and says nobody has fixed it for me, nobody has made it better for me, i am open to a new argument. reid: i think that's a great thing. we as leaders have failed them. we should be doing much better to believem a future in. how can we enable better middle-class jobs and better inclusion? thing,n is part of my helping people understand how to

invest in themselves and connect to opportunity. that being said, i understand the anger. say, immigration, globalization helps us, but it doesn't help me. charlie: business has moved away and i can't get a job. i am 55 years old. americans, we should work on that. charlie: and require the best brains to work on it. 100% agree. and i think hillary clinton is the best person to fix it. a slogan does not fix these things. he says he will fix it by punishing the chinese so that they don't have an unfair advantage. they're maybe ways to negotiate a fair china trade arrangement. that may be something to do.

longrump's history is a wreckage of nonfunctioning relationships. we want a functioning relationship with china. that's good for the rust belt. how to negotiate it well requires skills. that's the reason why someone who has been doing it is important. the chineseing built factories in america may be the thing to do. japanese build factories here, so that may be possible. so, you can buy this in your local game store. reid: just online. where internet guys. -- we are internet guys. i had an idea of making a card game like apples to apples or cards against humanity. people laughing out loud and thinking it was

actually a vermeil shall that we should make a public version -- it was actually informational, we decided we should make a public version. you can play with your friends and think about what does it mean that a reality tv star is running for president. charlie: let me turn to your company. you sold it to microsoft for 26 billion dollars. how long ago did you form this company? almost 15 years. late 2002 we started working on it. it has been a labor of love. charlie: where was facebook at that time? reid: had not been started yet. had not been founded. charlie: mark was not at harvard. reid: he had either just got into harvard or was just getting into harvard.

at that time, people used friendster. which most people probably don't remember. charlie: you decided on my needed a place where people with similar interests in their professional lives could interact with each other. reid: we'll have different identities online. the best way to improve the system is to enable people to help each other. if i am connected to you and you say hey, do you know about this thing, that can be a great economic opportunity. charlie: how many people use it now? reid: over 430 million. charlie: and facebook has 1.3 billion. reid: it may be bigger than that. who knows? charlie: where can i go? what is the possibility with

linkedin? reid: we hope to enable every professional, not just lawyers and doctors, but a coffee store , to be able toy change their economic better themselves ideas, kind of jobs, information, connections, learning opportunities, anything that allows you to invest in yourself and have a better economic outcome. charlie: why did you sell it? reid: both jeff and i -- jeff -- we are both in service to the mission. how do we enable our investors to have the best possible experience of investing in themselves? it was a long, thought-out experience, and we said microsoft's primary mission is

making organizations productive. primary mission is making individuals productive. one plus one here can be much greater than two. is it five? is it 10? our missions are essentially friends and collaborators. this can help us reach our mission. there are a ton of people who use microsoft products every day. maybe we can underlie office, windows. there are things we can do. you looked, when around at the big five, they seemed like the big fit. reid: for our mission to help individuals with their best possible economic opportunities, to help them be more productive. those are the things we care about at linkedin. look, we are perfectly happy with people being entertained. we are happy with people having a public discourse on funny cat pictures or anything else. that's great.

it should be part of peoples lives. it's awesome. that's not what we do. we help you get to the best possible waves of doing -- ways of doing your job or the best possible job. charlie: has there been an exhilaration of growth in the last couple of years? it has been a light acceleration but a light acceleration of big numbers. it took us 468 days to get to our first million, and now we are at over 430. charlie: there is much talk about twitter. i hope you're not on the board of twitter. reid: i'm not. charlie: i don't mean i hope you're not, but you might have be able to talk about it if you are on the board. who is going to buy it? reid: i have no inside information. i have read about disney and the press. i have read about salesforce in

the press. twitter is acause place where a lot of people express satisfaction in customer service. the customer service cloud might be integrated. that's the speculation on salesforce. twitter is about was happening right now. customer service is a small part. that would be a surprising acquisition from my view. disney, also. obviously, with sports and everything else, they want to strengthen online, but twitter is about now. what is happening now? what is the conversation now? it does a good job of that. when i look at the speculation of possible buyers, it confuses me a little bit. i don't know -- i literally have not talked to jack dorsey. i have no inside information. talk to me about virtual reality. reid: there have been many

cycles when people describe virtual reality is the next best thing. and we are in another one, and each one is better. if people have not checked out virtual reality, we are at the point where they should. inbe all classes will be virtual reality. maybe conferences and discussions. maybe the charlie rose show will be in virtual reality. there is a lot of prospect. i think before we really see science fiction futures, we will see a more mass-market adoption of either a movie thing or an entertainment thing. the technology is definitely good enough. are we there yet? charlie: you mean film a movie in virtual reality? reid: the way you show up to experience the movie. charlie: you would actually, if you were watching a movie that had been made for virtual reality, you would feel like you are on the set, there, sitting at the table. you would look at him, look at

me, feel all of that. reid: yes. each individual -- we would all probably have the same experience, although maybe not. but you would be a character in the movie. that is the way you would experience that. i think we are certainly going to see it. the only question is when. three years? five years? seven years? tbd. be determined. artificial intelligence, which i am inordinately interested in, give us the lay of the land. why is everybody, whether ,acebook, google, anybody everybody wants to do it. people like bridgewater and all big investment companies are saying they are building funds to invest in virtual reality -- am sorry. i meant artificial intelligence. reid: there may be some virtual

reality once, but we mean ai. charlie: and it's already here. so, most of the techniques being used for these amazing results, whether it's alpha go for deep line and google, ghether it's amazin results in radiology, being able to read charts better than doctors, self driving cars, all of these things have evolved -- there hasn't been a game changing new algorithm, which is actually the cloud and a lot of then you can, and use techniques developed over the last decades on a bigger scale. that is what has created the current ai revolution. what it allows, the way to think about it is, decisions that human beings can do in a second

can now be done by computers. classification of images, parsing of language, driving -- when you are driving, you have to make decisions like stop, break -- all of that can be done in a second. it comes through multiple lifetimes of data. the computer in just -- in gests so much data that it can make decisions like a human. from medical to parsing literally -- i mean, the sky is the limit. and they have simply compiled all the literature that there is, all the books that there are, they have put that in

the brain of watson. man put the material in the brain of watson, and then -- man/woman -- and then watson ,erforms these remarkable feats providing essential information to understand disease. reid: the watson work on disease, radiology, is great. all of these libraries, all of these books, all of these electronics, you can ingest all ofn them. but not only will all of these large companies like google and ibm be building ai, they will all be offering ai tech meeks to their customers -- techniques to come customers to say bring your data and applications and we will provide ai services

to make it better. that's how broad this set of artificial intelligence when outs -- so developer can use the services. -- an apt developer can use the services. it's unlocking human creativity across almost every domain. charlie: and it can figure out because of the algorithms it has and the development of the app, how to analyze all of this information that has been collected by different companies for different reasons. reid: basically, what happens is they are classifiers. is this a or b? should i go left or right? making classification decisions. and there is supervised learning and unsupervised learning. andrvisors, a human goes in says ok, here are the cases where you should decide this is

a, and this is where you should decide it is not a. unsupervised gives a very broad -- a simple example is ok, a robot, i want you to move from this side of the warehouse to that side of the warehouse, and i am not going to teach you how to move. i am not going to teach you how to walk, role, hot. i am simply going to give you a score based on your gps locator moving toward the right thing. most of them learned to walk. some learn to roll. some learn to hop. at are not actually teaching the actual specifics other than giving it a high score. charlie: it teaches itself. by doing what? trial and error? what happens is the ai algorithms are smart enough that subgoals in the class.

they realize when i move my legs this way, my score of getting to my and goal gets better. so that's good. how do i learn how to do that better so i can walk? that kind of thing is the magic of what we are seeing. ♪

>> its 3:00 a.m., and your children are safe and asleep. who do you want tweeting?