♪ from our studios in new york city, this is "charlie rose." charlie: admiral mike mullen is here. he retired in 2011 after serving four years as chairman of the joint chiefs of staff. that role made him because military advisor to president bush and president obama during the wars in iraq and afghanistan. he now teaches at the princeton school of international affairs and has been a frequent guest on this program. i'm pleased to have him back at this table. welcome. admiral mullen: is good to be back. charlie: what are you doing since retirement? admiral mullen: a mix of things. deb and iunteer side,

spend a lot of time with that in their family. charities. to you mentioned the teaching which i enjoyed more than anything else. i am on the couple of boards, general motors and sprint. which has also been growth for me to learn about how those businesses work. most particularly, i stayed out of the fray in washington consciously. although i think i am as concerned about what is going on there is anybody else. i don't just mean now. i have been concerned about the paralysis, the polarization, the inability for washington to figure out how to do more for the american people. charlie: does it need a white knight or something else? admiral mullen: it is hard for me to know. i worry there are huge challenges that are not being addressed, except maybe rhetorically. and that we are in a bit of a

decline. one of the facts that has alarmed me for months is that wages have not increased since the 1970's. there are a lot of people really hurting. we have not figured out how to create opportunities for them. you can talk about the economy. you can talk about the loss of jobs. all those things, that is part of it. we have not invested well enough in their future, when life changes if you will, in rapidly changing times. are in a very slow decline. i don't know -- charlie: you are worried we are in a slow decline. admiral mullen: slow decline as a country. a lot of things need to be addressed. in that regard, will we let that continue? will there be some catastrophic event that pulls us out, out of whom someone i could name now

becomes the leader the american people say we will follow? charlie: that person, you cannot imagine who it might be? admiral mullen: no one can. i just don't see the cadre in whom were, many of part of what got us here, as representing that leadership with --which can move us forward. charlie: all kinds of conflicts have existed before. donald trump is not the first president to feel the press is unfair to him. but his characterization of the press is they engage in witchhunts, they are the enemy, a whole range of things like that. other institutions are under attack. admiral mullen: the press is under attack itself. before this last election, the changes ongoing there as well. i have no -- i think we need to continue to change, and institutions need to figure out how they can evolve to answer

the mail for the american people. i have come to believe it is really tough to do this out of washington. there are a few things washington does well. obviously, they provide resources. in the long-term, i believe it is the local communities, local leaders, the mayors, do make a difference because they have got to make decisions every single day which require actions and their focus -- charlie: they're coming to washington. admiral mullen: they are. i listened to an interview couple of months ago from a young senior at a northeastern liberal college on npr. they were asked what they would do, what are you going to do next? a pretty natural question. i listened to her say i been here for four years in this liberal college, in this liberal echo chamber. she said i have to go home. southwest pennsylvania is already -- all red.

i have to go home and find out why my family feels this way. what she was saying to me is we have to start listening. not just flame throwing or yelling at each other. we have to get out of our echo chambers and listen to the real concerns of those people in southwest pennsylvania. it is that peace we have not been doing for a long time. charlie: do you know bob mueller? admiral mullen: i do. he is a terrific guy. i worked with him in the chairman's job. he is tough, fair, disciplined, focused. he is a terrific investigator. he will do what is right under any circumstance. i was delighted to hear in the not 24 hours --charlie: political pressure can be put on him? admiral mullen: i don't think he can be impeded. he works for the attorney general.

he is on that side of the house. the deputy attorney general. you could not pick a better guy. charlie: this is not a special commission. this is independent counsel. m i have a lot of faith in bob. i think he will be able to get to the bottom of it, whatever it is. i think he will answer those questions and others that seem to be generated when an investigation starts. charlie: do you know james comey? admiral mullen: i did not. i just knew of him and thought very highly of him. certainly, his reputation was superb. the first time i ever focused on him was in the bush administration when he took on the issue of torture. and famously went over to the attorney general's hospital bed to intervene. that is james comey. that has been his reputation throughout. charlie: the white house was trying to get them to sign something and he said no. admiral mullen: he camped out to

make sure it was not going to happen. charlie: that is a question we have today, whether anybody can say no to the president. this is a clear question. nobody knows who can say no to the president. admiral mullen: and rightfully so, it is the most powerful office in the world. ,ou go into that oval office closing the door giving the president frank advice, telling the president where he is wrong is very tough. every president needs somebody to do that. charlie: it is tough because -- admiral mullen: it is always tough to tell the boss, and wherever the boss is, he or she is wrong. it is that much more difficult because of the gravity of the issues, the gravity of the office. and it is the president of the united states, the most powerful individual in the world. it is made that much more difficult. somebody needs to do it. charlie: has social media changed us all? admiral mullen: maybe it is changing us. it is moving more quickly.

we can argue about whether it is good or bad. it is here and we have to figure out how to put it to good use. charlie: let me talk about some areas of the world. the state of our union. you just said we have a terrible problem. we may be on decline because of the failure by institutions to recognize a basic problem of people in the middle class falling behind, so people who pay the taxes and fight the wars are not participating in the american dream. admiral mullen: they don't see it. having been involved as much as i have been overseas, particularly to look at countries who have a bulging young generation that make decisions about whether they become productive or not, i have said for years when they choose when they don't choose a productive path, they don't have any hope. i worry here we are starting to see that.

it is the inequality piece, the wage peace. i don't see a future piece. that is what i think leaders have to create, hope, not just rhetoric, but hope. that is a worry. i have talked about this for years as well, the number one threat to the country. i have said for years our debt. it is $20 trillion now and has doubled in the last several years. how are we going to pay our bills? how are we going to invest in education or infrastructure in a way that makes us a better country and provides the future we think needs to be provided? just as an example, our education system has been so badly politicized. k-12 education system. we need to invest in. you can talk about all the charter schools in the world, and many are good, but you cannot scale that to our public education system. if we don't yet at that, we very will have a --

mediocre future. those things are happening quickly. those are just a couple of things out there, so there is a worry. the leadership, the totality of leadership, has not been able to answer that mail. charlie: there was gridlock during the obama administration. they could never find the tween the speaker of the house and the president, they could not reach -- they both had their own political -- admiral mullen: to me, it became more about them and the power. it seemed almost personal in many cases, as opposed to what we need to do for the american people. the place to function has to compromise. there has to be compromise. there has been precious little of that. charlie: why is that? admiral mullen: it is hard for me to know. this did not happen overnight. we have been evolving this way for a couple of decades.

i think part of it is they don't know each other. they don't live there anymore. their families don't know each other. into many cases, they are kept apart by their own leadership. the personal relationship is not there. we talked before we came on the show about the criticality of personal relationships and developing them. if they are only neuronal chamber, it is not likely you will be listening. says what youedia want. admiral mullen: that is a big part of it as well. charlie: let's go around the world. the president off to saudi arabia. i would sayen: above all, establish a relationship with the king and leadership over there. the deputy crown prince, as well as the crown prince. within those two lies the future of saudi arabia. they still have a lot of oil. they and the previous king

started to look to a future that did not depend on that. charlie: other economic resources. admiral mullen: can we help them in that regard? can we have a relationship and still address the challenges with respect to inside the .ountry they will be delighted with the president visiting this time -- my friends in that part of the world has said, where has the united states gone, we drew back over the last several years. to some degree, we left the middle east to itself. charlie: are you criticizing your former boss? admiral mullen: i'm just saying what we did. i think that is a fact.

i think there is an opportunity for the president to start a relationship to engage. we are all concerned about iran. certainly the saudi's are and te gulf state. charlie: the sunnis. admiral mullen: as well as israel. i'm struck by the fact he is going to saudi, israel, and rome, the three centers, the free religious centers in the world. and in fact, hopefully will be to meet thes concerns of the future. charlie: there clearly getting along better than they have before. admiral mullen: they have. it was not that long ago, in the last decade or so, the first sentence of any conversation with any of my arab friends was, what are you going to do about the israelis? that has not come up in years. part of that is because of the wars, obviously syria. charlie: and this president has had the palestinians into the white house. admiral mullen: he has.

charlie: the palestinians have changed, there is some evidence of verbal change. admiral mullen: one of the interesting things going on with the palestinians, with the leadership, is the organization that led them as a terrorist organization has become a political organization. how good are they at that? that is an open question. charlie: we talked on the morning show about china and north korea. there does seem to be a dialogue with china, whatever the nature of it is. the president made china a big target during the campaign. since then, spent a weekend at mar-a-lago with the chinese iesident and basically said will be less demanding if you will help us on north korea. admiral mullen: i met with a group of senior chinese think tankers to her three weeks after the president's visit. they were happy with that visit.

charlie: that is what i hear. they said the president listened to xi jinping. admiral mullen: yes, he did. charlie: and long discourses about the history of china and the region. admiral mullen: you don't know where this is going to go. and there is a reality here for a new president. everything he said in the campaign is not going to happen in reality. there is a leavening of that to some degree. hopefully, and i am not a big china fan, but i think the two biggest economies in the world are going to have to figure out how to get along and constructively support each other in the future. china has got a daunting future plan that i would argue probably does not include the united states. i don't know that. charlie: what is that plan? admiral mullen: i think it is economic. i think it is longer-term. they are growing their military to a huge, much more significant

capability in the future. charlie: for a forward projection of power? admiral mullen: i think so. the kind of global reach a watched us over the last 60 or 70 years, and a kind of investment in dominance. they are investing in this one row to come from china all the way through to istanbul or central europe. they have a plan. what is our strategy with respect to that? how do we address that? they say a lot about the united states in terms of criticism. what is the strategy? admiral mullen: i think it is a legitimate question. charlie: that china, russia, the middle east. admiral mullen: absolutely. charlie: long-term thinking. admiral mullen: we don't do it very well. people say we have not had one for a long time. that is not an acceptable excuse to not develop one. charlie: at the same time, we have people in the economic

sphere doing better than anybody in the world. admiral mullen: i know. you mean american people? some of them are, as we were talking about earlier. charlie: you know what i mean. the benefits are not being spread out in terms of the population the way they should. in terms of developing new with the what happens chinese in a product area, all of a sudden companies have matched that. admiral mullen: they are. charlie: they have a consumption of 1.4 billione people that is there to create a consumer demand. admiral mullen: we are critical for their markets right now as their largest consumer. what happens when that is no longer as big as it is? when they are the consumers and we are a significant minority? i think we have a time where we need to bring out that develop

and figure out what our strategy is, and what are our interests? what do we want to protect? what will we not go to war for? i think i mentioned this morning that graham allison just finished his book. do china and the u.s. have to get into a fight? charlie: rising powers and fallen powers will end up in conflict. admiral mullen: he has 12 different examples. i'm sorry, 16h, examples. out of the 16, 12 went to war. we cannot afford to have that happen. that is what leaders need to do. charlie: i went to years ago -- two years ago to the china development forum. there was henry kissinger. that was the subject they talked about, was it inevitable we would see what happened between a rising power, would they be

able to find some kind of terms of agreement that did not include military? admiral mullen: i think it is a really healthy question to ask and answer correctly. we need to make sure that does not happen. i mentioned i'm on the board of general motors. we had a board meeting a month ago in shanghai. i had not been to shanghai in a few years. it is i watering. plant into a g.m. auto and it was spotless. there were very few people. he was fully automated. i walked out. we got a bunch of briefs. i walked out and they are generating high-quality vehicles. four different types of vehicles on the production line. i walked out of there thinking -- charlie: a lot of people worry about north korea. i know you have thought about it and looked at the options we

have. other people i know believe they are closer than the consensus might be. admiral mullen: i'm hugely concerned about that. information any that it will be in the next year or two, but i think probably sooner rather than later. if you look at the number of people he has killed in his regime, it is vastly more than his father did in the first five years. if you look at the number of missile tests, it is vastly more. if you look at his technological development, it is vastly quicker than his dad. everything is happening at a higher pace. he is a really bad guy. he is lethal. he has this legacy to uphold. i think almost more than any leader in the world that he would be inclined to pull that nuclear trigger without giving it much thought. charlie: even knowing he would not survive? admiral mullen: i really do think so. if you thought -- if he thought

you were in jeopardy, i think he would. -- that raises charlie: that raises the interesting question to me. does he generally believe we may attack him? does he live with that is a reasonable fear in his own assessment? admiral mullen: that is what they've been saying there for decades, as you know. i don't have any indication he would not believe that. he has to prepare for that. this is his only path. this is his ticket to the dance. he has got to be very focused on that. obviously, he is. i think if we get to a point where he can put a nuclear weapon on top of an icbm and hit the united states, that is a point too far. we cannot let him get there. the we is the bigly, china, japan, russia, the leadership of the world that has to put enough pressure on this guy, one way or another, to make sure that does not happen. charlie: i don't understand what

the pressure will do that it has not already done. admiral mullen: that is why it's such a difficult problem. charlie: what could we do thetarily, putting aside consequences of what they might do in terms of south korea and their large army? what could we do if we wanted to? admiral mullen: sam nunn and i did a study last year for the council on foreign relations. we walked our way through from negotiations to get to a point where if all of that fails we could preemptively start striking his test sites. he has weapons buried deeply, very difficult targets. but we could start showing him literally how serious we are in that regard. would that make him respond? it is hard to know. that is why it is such a difficult problem. we really need to solve it from a negotiation standpoint. there is a new government in south korea.

i think president trump moved the president of china. i've seen more movement visibly in terms of how china has responded. whether in a secure should they do something is key -- weather in execution they really do something is key. charlie: terrorism. clearly, they are making progress in terms of isis in mosul and rocca. in terms of land, in terms of reducing the size of the caliphate. at the same time, we are seeing an uptick in terrorist attacks. admiral mullen: i think that is very much a part of the future, even when we get all of the land back. charlie: this is not a problem we will solve tomorrow. admiral mullen: this is the franchising and inspiration that comes from al qaeda or isis,

isis in particular. it is not going to go away. i think it can be contained. i think we need to continue our heavy focus on that. i don't think it is existential to the country. did it fundamentally change our way of life? at the same time, it is a priority we have to pay attention to. in particular, and i'm not a big fan of president putin, but one thing i have talked to the russians about for years is they are concerned about terrorism. they have a focus on the. as we look for ways to have a discussion with them, that is an area we can have a meaningful long-term discussion so syria does not become a terrorist headquarters of the world, which i know russia worries about as well. charlie: thank you for coming. admiral mullen: it is good to see you. charlie: back in a moment. stay with us. ♪

>> the nance national alzheimer's center was founded in 2011. it treats thousands of patients each year who suffer from the progressive disease. the goal is to improve the quality of life for every patient and eventually prevent alzheimer's. five-timeis a national sportscaster of the year. he lost his father to madeimer's in 2008 and has it a life's might have been to advance re-- life's mission to advance care giving for those who suffer from the disease. are twoning me physicians, the chair of

neurology at houston methodist hospital, and the leader of the houstonging at methodist hospital. they're also both professors of neurology. themleased to have all of here at this table, especially my good friend, jim nance. a mission for you. >> it is. >> tell me how you became committed, determined. you for having us on, and thank you. on this journey, we shared a lot about this through the years. dreadfuld a long and battle, 13 years, against alzheimer's. byrote a book called "always my side." and i realized after the book was released, there was an audience. to it immediately. in some ways, i think it galvanized the alzheimer's community. the feedback now, almost 10 years down the road, it still

follows me everywhere i go. the book, you know, it's not one we're trying to sell now. but people that are in, unfortunately, the care giving side of the alzheimer's world, they can relate to it. and i can walk out of a tower or a broadcast booth and people are there, to this day, asking me to sign the book and tell a lovedal story about a one. i realize, when that book was released, that i was put on this do something more than have the best seat in the house at the final four, the super at the masters golf tournament. and i had to make the most of this platform that i had. something that just kind of overtook me. >> so you said you were -- you sensed you were doing less than you could. and the book's response gave you motivation tond a go further. >> it did. it actually taught me that i peopleommunicate with and the book inspired people. again, very relatable to people that unfortunately have been in the abyss ofd,

trying to care for an alzheimer's victim. usei want to find a way to my voice to create positive change. i have my father's voice. never professionally trained. i sound just like my dad did. i carry his name. i'm the third. family and friends know me as jimmy. my dad was jim. but when i got started early in my career with cbs, i wanted to sound a little more mature than was, some 26-year-old kid that was just a few years out of college. my professional jim nance name. i realized i've got my dad's voice, my dad's name. heard.my dad to be i want, through my platform, i dad to be an agent for change. and that change being one day to prevent and ultimately to cure alzheimer's. here've said it a lot recently.

i feel like, if i don't see, by last breath,ke my positive change in the world of alzheimer's, then i didn't make my platform. i know my dad would be telling me right now, son, do something. chancething with the that you have, speak to the nation. virtually every week of your life. you've got to do something to make the world a better place. that's what drives me. have written powerfully in the book and in conversation you discovered your dad had alzheimer's. told you.e doctor and your mother. first you alone. that man sitting right met at this table, i first stan back in 1985. my first year at cbs. i was reporting on a story about college football coach, bob waters, who suffered from a.l.s. of neurology at duke medical. he made an impression with me. now my father, all these

years later, suffers a stroke. stroke?i >> one of those tia's. some doctorsm to here in the new york area. and i just wasn't happy with the was getting. i thought, if i could somehow go wonder if he'd take my phone call, maybe squeeze in a visit. and giveto take my dad him a chance to -- have a chance stan. him in front of we had a chance to visit with him and he diagnosed my father right on the spot, that my dad was already past the early onset a seriousthat we had issue. >> and he told you the challenge face, the entiretes, family? >> he did. it was devastating. my mother in an adjoining room. she was actually being counseled that time by someone from houston methodist hospital. being informedas

of the dire diagnosis. my mom wailing through the walls, crying, knowing that the family faced a completely different world for who knew how many years to come. 13-yearr, it was a struggle. it never got better. of course, it never does get better. digresses and you just try to stabilize it best you can. >> and the less recognition of things around him? >> exactly. just holding on to just faint you couldn, anything get. and i get asked a lot of with -- i open my shows hello, friends. you know, in the snarky world that can be out there, people impressions ofof what that means. and truly, and i wrote it in the tok, it was a coded message my father, while he still could hold on to some memory. nothing but friends in his life. i was visiting one time, before i left to go broadcast an event, said, dad, on saturday i'm gonna come on the air. name and i'm your

gonna say hello, friends. i want you to know, i'm talking that., when i say and i did it. that night a friend of mine, he called. heard you say hello, friends, at the start of the show. where did you come up with that? i said i did it for my dad. he says, you ought to do that on. now it sounds like you. i do it to this day. i look into that camera and i friends., i'm thinking of my father. i'm relaxed, composed. feeling.a good ♪

>> tell us where we are, in deal withhe effort to alzheimer's, to find a cure, to has onwn the impact it you. hugell, there is a huge, effort being made. the centers, and a very good one, that are working on alzheimer's. it is a dreadful disease. i mean, you describe it in such poignant way. we see that every day, in the of.le we take care medicalcan name any institution in this country and abroad. thereare researchers working on alzheimer's. trying to find how it develops, to understand how it works, and therefore trying to

come up with better treatments. >> with people living longer, are weges we're seeing, seeing more cases? >> absolutely. >> it will jump to 20 or 30n in another years. >> where is the research taking us? to give a big,nt big picture view of this, my perspective, i've been in the field of neurology for a good number of years. this is the most exciting time. haveis the time when we more hope than we've ever had before. what?e to do >> hope ultimately to cure. we canthis stage, if progression, and with the

trials that joe can talk to you about the amazing thing the hope is if you can get this early, block and tackle it, knock it down, you do it at early stage that we call mild impairment. if you can prevent it from progressing to full-blown can lead an you almost normal life at the mci stage. we are withhere more hope than we've had for decades. there.s go mild cognitive impairment. have theu -- do we tools to do that now? >> do we have the tools to cure it? >> no. if we catch it at mild cognitive impairment. time. the do we have tools and theyaceutical -- whatever may be -- to dramatically reduce

progression? >> that's what's being tested now. that really is the trial. trialsre several ongoing. and we're optimistic that we're that to be able to answer question positively. referring to the earliest stages. and what we have been able to few years,n the last since the imaging tools allow us in thewhat's going on brain, is that about 10 to 15 anys before anybody has problems -- i mean, we say somebody has mild cognitive toairment when they begin forget meetings, a little bit more serious than forgetting keys.you left your but before that, when the person fine, there is already a buildup of protein that we can see with brain imaging tools, with something positive emission.

we can see it. idea, as stan said, that willmedications reveal the abnormal protein and see whether this can prevent the development of the disease, where we can push it back 10, 20 years, 30 years. this has been don at the alzheimer's center. have now trials, looking at different medications that will reduce the amyloid. and it takes a few years, but we are very hopeful, because for the first time, we are attacking the problem, knowing what the is.lem this is the critical difference. what?know >> we know there is a buildup of this protein called only load. called amyloid. proteinhere's another that builds up after beta called tau.

studies are starting with the same blocking agents against tau effective.ill be it's very promising that the combinations of these will be andproper way to slow prevent the progression. >> so it is a protein that the beginning stages of alzheimer's? >> exactly. >> what else don't we know? don't we know? we don't know how to -- thesedon't know whether treatments that we are apply rg work -- applying are going to work. we do know that these proteins, amyloid, one predisposes the brain to get a buildup of the second protein, tau. when tau gibbs t begins to buils begins to have problems, begins to forget keys, appointments. it's when the person has mild evolving impairment

into early alzheimer's. that's why reducing amyloid is so critical. we are there. we are doing it, and we will be able to tell you in a few years approach works or doesn't. a few years meaning probably as few as three years. in nantzre you doing national alzheimer's center? >> i'm out talking about it, life.lly every week of my and i just -- back to what you earlier, what could i do? i wanted to team up with stan. i wanted to go down to houston, has this fabulous texas medical center there and the houston methodist hospital, acclaimed, and i wanted to bring a first-class alzheimer's institute as well as clinical care to the city. and, you know, i put this project in the hands of, you know, the babe ruth of neurology here in stan appel. firste was one of the guys that stan recruited. i wanted to put an all-star team

together. careful about talking science. i'm out trying to, as someone it, as lived through unfortunately a member of this club having lost a parent to alzheimer's, i'm out selling hope. and i'm not selling false hope. guys.eve in these they'll tell you. i call them, where are we? we?close are >> what are you doing? funding it, raising money for it?creating awareness of >> both. in the last week alone, i've had alzheimer's -- week and a half, four alzheimer's fundraising events. financiallyi support it as well. we've done everything from fund-raising events to trying to make presentations in front of people who are looking grant money down to houston from the department, to various other sources. we're careful not to approach their world. they're the best. you know, and i'm trying to drive it as best i can for

awareness, for people to know fighte're in this together. >> he's got a pretty famous houstonian who loved him almost a son, george h.w. bush. >> and i had the great fortune of seeing him last week. withhad several bouts here pneumonia during the last six months. but he's out of methodist hospital, looking forward to -- i'm happy to report. a great believer that if prominent people will start talking about their loved and the disease, that moret of awareness is important than anything else. >> why is awareness so important? is importantess because it gives people hope. believer thateat hope can translate into meaningful -- not a solution of

the disease but at least being able to grapple with some of the problems that develop. can quiet down disease. the amazing thing is that i'm a fan of the immune system. we're studying that in alzheimer's. thing is theng more positive you are, the more you feel there's hope, the more get there, the more the immune system will help you deal with the problem that's developed in alzheimer's. >> how much did ronald reagan and his very forth right he hadement that alzheimer's do for awareness? amount.ndous nancy reagan is one of the people who is, as far as i'm is a heroine for forging all of this public, increasing awareness, for increasing funding, for getting the alzheimer's association to we could getre young people supported to enter to help solve this

problem. >> i think it was a game-changer, charlie, really, let's face it, there was a stigma before. people wouldn't own up to it. they wouldn't say it. >> and they didn't know what it meant? >> i think in some ways they were almost embarrassed to be able to lay claim to it and just be forth right about it. did, saw what the reagans what maria shriver did. the -- i wanted to join that team. i wanted to be a crusader out there too. people seethat when me on television, covering a sporting event, that they'll think, now, that's the guy that, hey, he's on our team. he's doing everything he can, a lot of passion and energy, making, you know, a number of speeches and talks and the coursens during of the year to steer, you know, andmoney and research funding into the hands of the great experts. >> give us a timeline. bere do you think we can five years from now, 10 years

from now, 15 years from now? realizing that all kinds of things could intervene to either roadblock or expedite. ofpostponing the beginning the disease, i think, is something we're going to see in the next five years. it,we are going to see because of these medications to work on what is going on in the brain, not just just how -- people can look very similar with different diseases, so we cannot that.n >> this cellular component of it? >> exactly. cellular component, to be able to know exactly what's going on brain. with this protein tau, we've been able to see it only for the last few years. our center has been in the lead, this protein with this compound that we have to image it. frankly, if the person gets

worse-- it gets proportion alley to the build -- buildup oflly to the this protein. we can tell whether the person is getting better or worse, them thisive medication. we have something objective that goes beyond doing testing that better or may feel worse. >> but delaying the impact, years?five >> right. delaying the progression of the disease, that's right. say, it'sust going to not delaying the impact. it's delaying the progression. way todon't go all the alzheimer's. >> that's huge. >> which would be huge. huge.is that's correct. the other thing that's important, and joe is always this, we're now in an era of personalized medicine. amazing is we can look at neuroimaging. there.see the images and he points out that in one of an early studies, using

amyloid --ainst beta no wonder the study wasn't effective. that particular problem. we can do all of this now with neuroimaging. the most talented guys in the world, fortunately, we have in nantz, who can help with neuroimaging. biomarker, a marker of the earliest stages of disease, even before there's any dysfunction that you can point to. been have on this program doing a series on the brain over the last four, five years, with dr. candale who just established to look at there increased kind of focus on the brain. response that we get from these issues with having people this tableome around to talk about depression, to talk about lou gehrig's disease, talk about parkinson's, all

aree diseases that brain-related, is an amazing thing. that in terms of also understanding how much of it is inherited and how much of it is a factor of how you live your life and that kind of thing. >> no question. you know, one of the concerns we patients is we're all about helping them with the quality of life. >> right. not just the length of life. it's quality. us touality that allows be husbands, fathers, sons, brothers. >> some of it is gen -- how much of it is genetic? it, but you know what i mean. >> you said it. genetic. is it can be changed by the way you live, absolutely. >> so can i try a different answer to that question? i think how you live is critical. a single gene, we used to think

a largeonsible for segment of the alzheimer's population. population.ehrig's turns out it's under 10%, maybe 5%. number. a huge isever, the vast majority still as genetic as intelligence is in general, as height, as a variety of things. but the difference is it could genes. it could be 150 genes dictating well asbility as resistance. and the way i put it, because question is asked of me every day from our lou gehrig's patients, what caused this? and the way i put it is the but thead the gun, environment pulls the trigger. it truly has to do with environment interacting with a whole range of susceptibility

and leftance genes. >> good -- resistance genes. >> good luck with all of that. you've got a new partner, tony romo. >> tony romo is going to be games with us this fall. >> how did that happen? that tonyw, i think was, at this point in his career been injured several times in the last few seasons. of course, last year dak came in, and the cowboys went with prescott. >> did pretty well. >> did very well. at an point, was he going to go play somewhere else to finish out his career for a or two, or would he retire perhaps as a dallas cowboy like of his heros, roger staubach? he made, during the course of such a positive impression with all the people in the television business, through production meetings, just the way he can break down a what the cowboys are doing, where virtually every

single network that broadcasted nfl made a run at him. and we're thankful he's coming to cbs. >> how happy we are to watch the win -- and see sergio how happy were we? because of the human drama of it. always taken a lot of pleasure out of being able to call an event, when the champion someone who has been basically labeled as a guy done.n't get it >> can't finish. >> he's got everyone telling him, filling him with doubt, conference, every a tinge of doubt. he had never won a major. what are -- where are you gonna take your career from here? sergio was that best player to never have won a major. face those adversities and obstacles -- when he was 19 years old, we going to be going against tiger.

for his whole career, they'd be trading off major championships. it to happen, a double number of years later, 18 years later basically, to win the was as the way he did, it sensational win. augusta has just a way of preventing these story lines that are so rich. if you'll remember, sevvi would celebrating his -- he would have been 60 years old on masters.e won the >> of all the sports you covered, is it the final four, the masters, is it -- what? >> i have three children. >> no. there.'t go >> i love them all the same. >> ha ha! >> you know, i do. >> in medicine, they call it a cop-out. [laughter] >> well -- hadou know, the nfl is -- i the great pleasure of working with phil sims for 13 years. >> good man. man.eat he's going into the studio as an analyst. he's excited about that. i'm very happy for him. and now to, you know -- now that it'sis coming on board, going to be a fun time ahead. but the nfl, to watch a stadium

75,000 peopleith just pouring in in front of you -- i get there five hours before kickoff. i watch this take on a pulse. and then the game breakout. i'm a fan watching it. there's something that's really exciting to me about the nfl process and the preparation that enjoy maybe as much as, if not more, than anything. alone one event, i wouldn't trade the masters for anything. that tournament, with just its tradition of, you know, the same the other majors rotate around. everybody comes to augusta, georgia. if you're like me and you have all the history cataloged in your head, you can't help but about arnold palmer this year. >> thank you both for coming. >> thank you very much. >> thank you, charlie. >> thank you for joining us. see you next time! ♪ ♪

>> welcome to the best of bloomberg markets it'll is. i'm yousef. thet will come down to what incumbent president will have to do in terms of the economy here. that ties back to what has been happening globally in terms of sanctions from the united states. and in terms of what is going on with oil prices. saudi arabia