♪ emily: they are twin brothers who grew up in wartime iraq, n, teasing themselves how to code on a commodore 64. then, after perhaps a life-saving break from the u.s. immigration system, they landed perhaps what is the american dream. getting degrees from harvard and silicon valley, eventually striking startup gold with companies that sold to microsoft and myspace. with their financial future secure, had the and ali porto partovidi and ali

backed companies like uber and dropbox and focused on democratizing the opportunity that gave them success with code.org. they kicked off a campaign that went to number one on youtube with some of tech's most iconic faces. joining me on studio 1.0, founders of code.org hadi and ali partovi. i am used to interviewing you guys separately, but it is a pleasure to have you together. i am curious, what was it like growing up as the brothers it was wonderful to be a twin. i always felt that there was something amazing that not everybody else had. because i had someone i could trust with everything and look up to. and try to be as good as him. emily: and you are identical twins, right? [in unison] >> yes. emily: how are you similar and different? >> we are both competitive and driven. our veterans are similar. we are both harvard computer science majors. we are the only set of twins to

sell companies to microsoft. a lot of the things we have done are similar. i think i am more of a stress case. my brother is more easy-going comparatively. emily: you were born in tehran. you were six years old when the iran-iraq war broke out. what was living through that like? >> it was horrific. my childhood, i remember feeling scared most of the time. either scared of my neighborhood being bombed, which is certainly was, and i also remember always being worried about something would happen to my parents. that i would come home from school and it would not have my parents there anymore. during the period bombardment when we would spend overnights in the basement holding our ears, because our neighborhood was actually being bombed. rough.as pretty i will say though, having gotten out of that, it is certainly something that makes me feel much stronger, because i feel anything. take on

if you can survive that, it makes day-to-day problems today seem much easier to deal with. emily: how did your parents communicate to you what was going on? >> one of the things i remember is my dad, he tried to make it seem like the bombardment wasn't actually our neighborhood. he would say that these planes are breaking the sound barrier so you can hear them from miles away. he would wake up in the morning to go see whose homes were still standing. emily: what did your parents do? >> my dad was the head of a that she was a professor of a university of technology called sharif university. my mother was a systems analyst. once the revolution happened, it was hard to keep a job. women were just so i pressed at the time. of this,d in the midst is that when you learn how to code? >> yes, we were nine years old. my dad had gone to a physics conference and brought back a commodore 64. this was 1981 or so? no games, no software, just a couple books on how to program in basic.

he spent maybe the first hour or two with us, getting us started. then we read the books and basically taught each other how .o do it >> he spent a lot of time giving us ideas on what we could create. the imagination part, imagining what you might do, and then kind of feeling the confidence that it is possible and then going out and attacking it. emily: was there a moment when he thought, this is what i want to do? or did that come later? hadi: a great thing about computer programming in iran during the war, it was an escape iliad a lot of our family had left iraq to come to the united iran to come left to the united states. emily: you moved here when you were 11? adi: yes, leaving a country like

iran for starters, it is not that easy. especially during the war. it took a lot of time to get the paperwork done and so on, to get it out. so first of all we moved to europe, then we were traveling around for a whole number, trying to find a u.s. amber's the that would grant us visas to get -- to be able to enter the united states. we had reached the point where, one more rejection, it would be like, you can never come to the u.s.. i remember that we rented an apartment in italy, we were there, and the phone rang. my mom picked it up, thank god was her mom, and not our dad. she picked it up, and it was a woman on the other end of the line informing her that we have been rejected. so my mom, who is -- like many other iranian women, fiery and fearless, she started sobbing, saying that this is not fair, that if we had to go back to him

probably die in the war. she asked the woman, can you please tell the head of the consulates to give us another chance? and the woman on the other side said, actually, i am probably dn the ahead of the consulate. so they had some sort of connection come and she asked the state department to make a special exception for us. . so we found out a few days later that we had been except it, so come in we were this close to not coming here. ever since then, i have always felt that the world would be a much happier place if there were more women in readership positions. emily: if you want something done, get a woman on it, and it will be done. iran was on a list of travel ban countries. what was it like being an iranian in the age of donald trump? >> it was difficult, but at least we made it. it would have been completely possible today. an immigrant from any country is difficult, in a time when one group is being pulled out. so much of what -- being singled out. so much of what america what it

is is that we are a land of immigrants, especially for our selves, knowing how it would be for us, especially right now, it is quite difficult. emily: your family is quite successful. head of uber is your cousin, one of your cousins also funded a company that was purchased by intel. should that be a lesson to president trump? adi: there are a lot of iranians and immigrants who are very successful in tech. immigrants have created a lot of companies, they have created the largest number of jobs in this country. the reason i started code.org was to show an immigrant can give an opportunity in a country that seems like it is lacking it. emily: you both ended up at harvard studying computer science. how did you get there, and what was next? >> we both worked really hard to get the grades to be accepted into harvard. we were lucky they provided

financial aid. and the we also spent all of our summers working in high school on computer programs to help us save money to help a for college. graduating in 1994 at the dawn of the internet, it was such a wonderful time to be in tech and already come a of, fully knowledgeable. this was a time when companies were basically getting started, over the next 10 years. so much of our career got -shaped by being at the right place at the right time. with a network of people who are now many of the greatest folks in tech. emily: you started working at microsoft, and he started working at oracle. this was at the dotcom boom hitting a fever pitch. was already at a higher pitch than mine. within two years of graduation, i left oracle and joined a startup that was fairly didn't. meanwhile, hadi headed joined the microsoft explorer team, the creator of the browser, and it

was probably one of the most exciting jobs in the whole tech industry. emily: didn't you try to convince microsoft to do search, and they didn't? i: saw at the time, this was 1998, and the top search engines at the time did not exist. we tried to convince microsoft the biggest way to monetize search was to have text ads that -based ads that were keyword targeted and to sell them on an option basis. which is exactly what edwards is today, except, we call it keywords -- which is exactly is today, except we call it keywords. it wasn't something microsoft was prepared to invest in at the time. emily: did you ever tell bill gates or steve ballmer "i told you so?" >> i wrote a letter to steve after leaving microsoft, i had a great experience here, but as i leave, you should keep your eyes on this new startup called google, they have great potential.

yt was a very diplomaticall worded email, but very prescient as well. >> we will invest in something we think is a bad idea if we like the person. ♪

emily: you do have possibly the most impressive list of angel investments of anyone, including facebook, airbnb, uber, dropbox. zap bows. pos. had aged and into all those deals? >> i think investing in good people is the most important thing. every investor talks about investing in good people, we take it a lot more seriously. the way i mean that -- we will invest in something we think is a bad idea if we like the person. emily: you also invested in mark zuckerberg. how did that happen? >> we were lucky to get interviews via a number of routes, when facebook was still

eight or nine people. there was a humbling thing to get to see the company at such a stage. a lot of people at the time were saying, where are you involved in this company? i remember my wife saying at the time, are you trying to get into fraternity parties or something? facebook at that time, was in just about 100 colleges, a place for college students to meet each other and flirt. but i remember the very first time i met mark, my immediate isction was like, this guy more like bill gates than anyone had met. it reminded me of a time i had interacted with bill gates at microsoft, i remember the level of vision he had was so much more than the fraternity angle. the dropbox story captures is my favorite, because it captures several parts of what hadi and i brought together to investing. there was a senior at mit that hadi already knew, having had him as an intern. his name is mac, and we were

trying to recruit him into a small startup. a biggers eyes set on company, because he was just graduated from college. we referred for him to go to facebook, which at the time was 200 people or so. asked him, can you tell us who the smartest guys are in your class? he said, i know this guy, but he will not join your startup either, because he has his own company. with them learned about th his startup, which was drop box. at this point, we had them fly out to the west coast and gave them coding tests to assess how good of computer programmers that actually are, and this is part of our routine for all investments. basically, if we are invest think in a company, we won't do it until the technical funder can pass a rigorous technical interview. and based on his skills, the is dropbox, andst in

we spent the next several years, even quite recently, helping dropbox recruit engineers. emily: what about uber? >> uber we weren't as early in. >> giving into later stage investment, not everyone has access. part of what has enabled us to have access to investments like that, it is not just based on know, it is because we have developed a reputation for helping companies like facebook or dropbox, with recruiting. emily: when you are watching from the outside at uber, what do you think went wrong there? adi: it is really hard to manage hypergrowth. i think there was a culture of a no holds barred approach to competitiveness. but i think there are some lines that you should not cross. it is really hard for a company that large to know, which laws are we paying attention to? which laws are we ok breaking? who gets to decide that. that point, you get into this

cultural situation where anything kind of goes, and i think it fell a little bit out of control. emily: do you think at this late stage, that dara khosrowshahi who have is to be her cousin, can turn things around? >> i do. it is still an incredibly healthy business at its core. when you consider the turmoil that happened, where the entire senior staff was axed. did anyone miss a ride? do we share any reports about everstopping, is not picking up their passengers? a prince among men who inherently because of the , humility and personal respect his character brings, people want to see him succeed. the sheer goodness of his character is enough to change some of the things. starting with changing the culture, as hadi mentioned, and changing how people interact with the company. ♪ the key to getting u.s. education to adopt computer

science has been the american teacher. ♪

emily: there is something missing from your stories about the amazing people in your network, and the people you funded, and that is, women. i'm curious how you would describe the role of women in those early days of the dotcom boom, and how you have seen that , given or not involve that the numbers haven't really changed. >> the lack of women in tech i think, bothers everybody, and bothers women and men alike. it is very personal to us. our mom had a masters in computer science, so i grew up with a mom who was in tech. a large part of why adi and i started code.org was to fix the diversity issue, starting with the pipeline. the diversity problems are not

only about the promotion path, but also, about the pipeline. if the graduating population is 80% white and asian males, it is hard to have a balanced workforce when the students coming into the field are so imbalanced. what we have done at code.org is completely change the high school and the k-12 picture. we start using code.org materials as early as elementary or kindergarten. the base is 25 million students, which is much larger than the software engineering population in the united states. and it is 45% girls. there are almost 12 million girls coding on code.org. emily: how did you do that? w the answer to that really, is teachers. we did a lot of great things with the website, but the key to getting u.s. education to adopt computer science has been the american teachers. everywant to which student, especially the students who have the least opportunity -- they are not going to

afterschool counts or summer clubs -- we have to reach them in school. >> the platform is free, it is web.e in fact, the school could a senate as homework if they don't have enough time on the schedule or computers in the classroom. it is so much easier for kids to do it, if they feel like it is a standard part of school. everyone learns fractions whether they like it or not. when a school teaches it, it gives them a sense of social universality that you cannot accomplish necessarily, at home. emily: how do you recruit teachers when they could be making money at facebook or google? >> so, we don't get computer scientists to become teachers, we get teachers to learn computer science. by far, one of the largest retraining operators in the country now. emily: how do you convince schools who are already resource strapped to add these courses? and these teachers? >> the teachers are convincing their schools. emily: so they're already working in the schools?

adi: yes, they're already working in the school, it is the math teacher, english teacher, science teacher, they see our drills, and they realize, our school should be doing this. the oakland teacher who asked, why isn't oakland doing computer science? the first teacher there, her name is claire, she taught herself computer science on her own and started to teach a class. but she wanted it to be in every school in oakland, so she came to code.org. and we said, but will train one teacher in every school and every district. two years later, every district teaches computer science. emily: what are the challenges that remain? >> funding is hard as well. emily: and code.org is a nonprofit? >> we are a nonprofit. we are funded by the same tech companies that i believe should be fixing a lot of the gender issues in tech, so we are part of the solution. i believe. i believe that those same companies should get credit for the work that we do, so amazon, facebook and especially, microsoft, those are our three

largest donors. when we are bringing 12 million girls into this field, those companies should get credit. for funding an operation like this. emily: eric roberts, longtime computer science professor at stanford wrote a paper, where he talked about the capacity of collapse and the ability to handle computer science students. , everyonehe max out is excited about studying computer science, goals cannot accommodate, so they start turning students away and the number of computer science degrees starts declining. that we are facing another potential capacity collapsed today, because so many people are interested, but they cannot accommodate them. >> that is happening now. the university of seattle, washington turns away 3/4 of the students trying to get into computer science. it is not based on their gender, but it is based on grades. which, you know, i think everybody should have a chance to learn. the university system really needs to recognize, that if you

cannot teach them the most important subject that students want to learn, then the university system either needs to change, or students will go to learn some other way. this is a real big program for our country, and it is a problem i know that code.org is in some ways 25 million students exacerbating the problem, because you are bringing interested in this problem. the university faces a problem that is only going to get worse. and they need to absolutely adapt to that demand. emily: my concern is it will hurt women again. are filteringu students based on their experience and their grades, when traditionally, boys have had more experience -- >> it should. carnegie mellon has a similar situation, where there are so many spots or computer science. you can't just elect to choose that major, you have to apply. by edict, they said they will accept 50% female computer science applicants. so, they are essentially going to give an equal number of spots to men and women.

>> and that might actually chill things in favorite of women over time. emily: so, if you are a parent right now, what should you be doing if you want your kids to have a chance in this field? hadi: the first thing i would say, make sure that if your kids are in school, mature that your school teaches computer science, because most schools don't teach computer science. most americans don't think the school system can change, but we have shown that a massive scale of tens of thousands of schools that schools can change. comerents ask the teacher there is usually one teacher at the school who wants to see computer science taught at that school, and that teacher will pick up code.org and start doing it. change happens at the local level. the difference is, parents are always wondering, what should my kids do? we tell them, what should your school do? emily: let us talk about n eo. it is your new thing. . it is a community of engineers, there is a venture arm attached to it -- what is it? >> is focused on finding the tech leaders of tomorrow. our aim is to identify tech

future tech leaders as young as sophomores in college. we identify, include them in the community and we invest in them? hadi: we have brought together this amazing spectrum of people cto ofcludes the microsoft, the original cto of google, the original cto of face book, as well as these amazing people who have created amazing things. the woman who founded task rabbit for example, or the guy who invented photo tagging, the all of created ios, these people, not all of them are famous, but they have all contributed something amazing to the world of technology. so we are bringing them together , whoa pool of young people have been curated and selected based on their talent and their promise. emily: so how is it similar or different to something like y comninator? adi: i think it is similar because of the energy and the

belief in unlimited possibility. it is extremely different because these are not founders with companies. some of them are, some of them might become future founders, but we are not incubating business ideas. we are just trying to find 10 or 15 of the best computer scientists in the country, and bring them to the community. emily: for the young men and women who want to make it in silicon valley, be an investor, entrepreneur, via engineer, what is your advice? >> my first and most important thing is to just, believe in yourself. the tech industry is something that even come from very humble beginnings, and make it come in based on what is in your head and your heart, and hard work. studying computer programming is like learning a sport or an instrument. anybody can start, and if they put time into it, they can successful. >> i would add to that and say, even if you don't want to become a coder, learning computer science can help, no matter what you want to do in tech. everyone should have at least a

a sick background of computer science, it is easy and a lot more fun than people imagine. it can open doors in any field, but especially the tech industry. emily: hadi and ali partovi, thank you so much for joining us on studio 1.0. great to have you guys. ♪

>> coming up on "bloomberg best ," the stories that shaped the week in business around the world. president trump's angry tweeting. >> intention to make a deal today. we made the deal. >> the ecb keeps policy on a patient half. >> they know they fired the arsenal they have. >> china's central bank signals a shift toward stimulus. the lira shutters in response. >> investors are losing faith in the central bank's independence. >> reports coming fast and furious. >>