hurricane katia has been upgraded to a category two storm as it strengthens over the atlantic. it has topped sustained winds of 100 miles an hour. forecasters say it is too early to gauge the potential threat to the u.s. tropical storm lee triggered tornado warnings along the gulf coast and is pounding southern louisiana with heavy rains and high winds. the slow-moving storm is expected to dump as many as 20 inches of rain by tomorrow night. those are the top stories. thank you so much for watching "state of the union." i'm candy crowley. next week i will be at grnz with anderson cooper to bring you live coverage of the 9/11 anniversary. up next for our viewers in the united states, fareed zakaria, gps. we have a terrific show for you today, filled with some of the most interesting thinkers in

their fields. first up, a new way to think of the role of women in the world with a terrific important pant. and then a first for gps i will have a robot as a guest. you want to meet my new friend data. next, a man who made me think differently about invasion, the world-renowned architect frank gary. he designs building like nothing you have seen before. how does he innovate and how do you capture the essence of a world leader? i will talk to the photographer platon. and think you can't sell chopsticks to china? think again. here's my stick. these are the dog days of summer and in this hot, sweltering weather, most americans are busy working. i know not you folks in the hamptons, but the others. meanwhile, most europeans are busy vacationing. it is getting worse.

now days the average european gets three times as many days of paid vacation as his counterpart in america. italy has the most vacation days with the average worker there getting 42 paid days off according to the world tourism organization. next is chans france with 37, germany 35, brazil 34. the u.k. 28. canada 26. korea and japan both with 25. the united states was near the bottom of the list with the average worker getting 13 paid days off. why do we do this to ourselves? the con vengeal answer is this attitude toward work makes the american economy the envy of the world. america is a hectic, turbo charged system that builds, destroys and rebuilds at warp speed. it is what created the information evolution, hedge funds, bio, nano technology, whatever that is, and so on and there is no time for lowellying at the beach. it is not clear that all that working with a few extra weeks

in the summer makes the economy strong. look at the percentage of citizens that use their vacation days. french, 89% take all of their days but 75% of the germans and their economy is strong, take their allotted days. 70% in indonesia, but only 57% of americans take advantage of their days and we have fewer paid vacation days than any other major country. even with those just 13 days off, only 57% of americans take them all. to remind you again, 89% of the french use all of their days off. if you are wored that working less will mean america lags behind, don't worry. america's growth has been fuelled mostly by investment, education, productivity, invasion and immigration the one thing that doesn't seem to have

to do with the growth rate is a brutal work schedule. after all, we were working hard during the slow years of the 1970s. we are working hard now. some experts believe that working harder may depress productivity numbers because the additional number of hours worked rarely generates strong output. we are not as productive at 8 p.m. as at 9:00 a.m. take a break. go to the beach, read a book. watch tv. wait a minute, you are already watching tv. so, well done. i want to talk about the role of women in the world. one of the most important indicators, for example, of how the revolutions in the middle east will go is how well they will treat women. throughout the arab world and in

africa, women remain second-class citizens, beholden for life to a male relative. is this changing? how fast? what else is happening with women in the world? we brought together a terrific panel to talk about this issue. let's turn to "new york times" nicholas christophe, with his wife the journalist show wrote half the sky. one of the great stories from that book is the story of a woman who is joining us, a founder of women for women international. how much of the treatment of women is culture, how much of it is religion and how much is islam in particular? >> there's no question that organized religions in general tended to take a social hierarchy, that typically had men at the top and sanctified it. placed the stamp of god on top of it. this is a true of a number of religions. on the other hand it is clear if you look around the world that

the places where women are most likely to run in to terrible problems are predominantly muslim countries. my own take that has less to do with the koran, with islam as such and more to do with culture and that the insecurity, the violence, the social conflict has less to do with the koran and rather more to do with a cycle of not educating girls, marginalizing women that leads to high birthrates, which leads to a high democratic cohort of young people, aged 15 to 24 which is the most destabilizing thing a country can have. and the way out of that is to do what a number of countries have done, educate girls. the reason that bangladesh is do different from pakistan today, even though they started as one country, in part, is that bangladesh has been doing a superb job educating girls and

has more girls in high school than boys. >> and both are 99% muslim. >> both are muslim countries and read the same koran but pakistan is a real mess and bangladesh is not. >> what about china? to me when you hear about the treatment of women. if you go back 100 years in china, women's feet were with bound. it basically means you were breaking the feet of every woman. >> 100 years ago, china was probably the worst place on earth to be born female. my grandmother's feet were bound. what gives me extreme hope is in one generation that was eradicat eradicated. this is a centuries old practice and partly because they had feet inside and outside of china, foreign missionaries also who thought it was a horrendous practice. they got together and formed a strategy. they were able to basically launch a counterattack against this practice and in one generation eradicate it in

china. what mao did. he said, and this is critical, he said that education for everybody, including girls. that meant that girls could go to school, with the boys and it was mandatory education for nerve the country. what was even more important. this is a critical fact, especially for places like saudi arabia and japan, the girls were not only educated, they were with able to work in the formal labor force. the society accepted them in the formal labor force. that was critical. they could get jobs. they could work in factories and that was the beginning of china's economic revolution. the bags we carry, they were made by women and that jump started china's economic revolution. >> i think china is a good about dote to the way we end to psych ourself 0s out about the muslim world. and yes, indeed in a number of muslim countries, because of culture, women don't have opportunities but culture is not

immutable, it can change and china is the best evidence of that. the other thing, i think we psych ourselves out and say, isn't it impeeralist for us to tell other country house to treat women. isn't that a value we should leave them to decide. and she feels so fortunate that we were against the practice of foot binding and there are some practices that you have to say are not acceptable. >> in india, there used to be a hindu practice that a woman was touched on the burning funeral pile of the man as a sacrifice, and the british basically outed it and say i don't care what people think and it caused riots and all of that. but talk about this. this is something we come back on. it is islam. until you change the religion really you can't change

anything. >> no. i don't believe that. because christianity at one point had bad -- every religion had horrible practice to women. it changed and evolved. >> it is true. right now the muslim world. >> it is in the dark ages. the muslim world is living in the dark ages. and if you look at what happened in it makes sense in a historical sense. i believe we can evolve. i think revival of characters. mohammad's wife was 20 years older than him. she was a successful businesswoman. she hired him as her employee. she chose to marry him and she was the first one who helped him believe in god's message. the revival of characters -- like -- if she was alive today, she would probably be the biggest businesswoman in today's history and everyone accepted her personality and character.

we need to revive her in a more vibrant way. they believe in a cultural and religious evolution as all religions went through a historical period. >> we will be back with more from the panel including why international aid groups realize it is much smarter to give money to women than men. why? when we come back. >> between 50 and 110 million females are missing around the globe. it is an astonishing figure. it means in any one decade more girls are discriminated to death in the world than all of the people who died in again sides in the 20th century, which is staggering scope. gas and bloati. with three strains of good bacteria to help balance your colon. you had me at "probiotic." [ female announcer ] phillips' colon health.

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♪ will this react with my other medicine? ♪ ♪ hey, what are all these tests even for? ♪ ♪ questions are the answer ♪ yeah ♪ oh try capzasin-hp. it penetrates deep to block pain signals for hours of relief. capzasin-hp. take the pain out of arthritis. it is a truism in the world of international development that if you give an aid dollar to a man he is likely to spend it at the bar or on guns. if you give the same dollar to a woman she will buy necessarilies, food, diapers or invest it in the family or a money-making venture.

we are back with nick kristof and talking about women, culture, islam and all kinds of things. nick, when you look at the statistic, why do you think that's is true? >> that's the part of it we don't know and there are various theories. some people think it is biological, nurturing instinct and others think it is the way we are social ized. but what is clear is that across continents, religions and traditions, well are more likely to take the income they have and if they have financial assets more likely to convert them to the benefit of their children and more likely to invest in small businesses. >> do you -- have you seen this in action? are there stories of when you went around, do you feel as though there are places where you could see this vividly? >> there are many ways this comes -- that this surfaces. for instance, in microfinance,

which is a typical way that many people have gotten involved in this issue, if you give a loan to a woman she really seems to take it very far. when you give a loan to a man he can take it somewhere, but often the repayment rates are much lower. so microfinancing institutions like grameen and brach didn't want to be discriminatory. they wanted to give it to men and women but found women were repaying at higher rates. they were losing by giving mooin microloans to men. they switched to 97% of lending to women. >> what do you think of this? what is your respond -- you see this on the ground that women put the money to work productively? >> very much so. women spend 90% of their income on their families. this reminds me of when i was in

afghanistan a few months ago and met a woman who was promised to be married at the age of 6. was married at 15 and widow and single mother at the age of 16. she talks about her life and what she has done with it. during the taliban she was poor. the taliban beat her up for working in the streets with the only shoes she owned and they broke her shoes and she was bitter and sad about that. when i met her, she is working and earning $450 a month, which is very significant in afghanistan. she is sending her daughter to school and determined her daughter will not get married until she finishes college and she is going to back to school and finishing her education. there is a correlation, if you want to change practices there is a coalition between that and investing in mothers and that mother in her case knows i will not repeat to my daughter what i have gone through. she is changing that culture of

practices in afghanistan or the behavior practice in afghanistan. there's no better investment in talking about afghanistan as an example than investment in women who gets it. my money goes to my daughter who will go to college, will get a better life. >> where's the most successful place in which you have operated? you deal with women in distress in so many places. what's your biggest success story. >> all of them are successful. we work from congo to rwanda, afghanistan, iraq and we started in bosnia. a couple of things. one is we notice the first investment women make in terms of who they hire is actually their husbands or their sons. the first decision they make. all of them -- in africa, women tend to run with one dollar of invest and do so much with it and that seems to be the most vibrant place in terms of change. i recently met a woman in congo. as we speak right now hundreds of thousands of women are getting raped in congo and this

woman, she is displaced. doesn't have anything. poverty. her his want doesn't know how to deal with the situation. she went through the program to help people understand and make their income making. she made soap. he was cynical about her soap and she gave him samples to give to his friends and she made him a partner but a different partner in which he goes and sells and gives her the money back. she is managing the money and you see change. i'm interested in the changing of social patterns. she changed the relationship from she gives him all the money and he spent it on his alcohol and cigarettes and prostitution or weapons and now she reversed it. now he goes to work and brings her the money and they manage it together. they are sending their kids to school, better housing and better life conditions for both

of them. so, i would say africa in general where the investment go goes triple the way of other countries. >> a lot of good news in this book but also a lot of bad news in the sense of paint the picture of how bad it is for women in many parts of the world. >> maybe the best gauge of discrimination against women and girls is that, how much of is it is leigh lethal. we don't think of gender discrimination of being lethal. in much of the world it is. you can measure that by looking at the population rash owes. in india, for example, for the first year of life, male and female mortality rates are similar, because they are depending on the press and it doesn't have a son preference. one to five, a girl is 50% more likely to die than a boy because they are depending on their preference because they have a son preference 0 who don't give the girl the same access to food and health care.

and different levels of mortality may between 50 to 110 million females are missing around the globe. it is an astonishing figure. in any one decade more girls are discriminated to death around the world than all people who died from genocides in the 20th century. it is a staggering scope. >> what can people do? >> there are many ways. first of all, people have to care. they have to say this is unacceptable. and once each individual can actually say that and take a step, then the politicians will start to begin to notice this is something that this is an issue the voters care about. it really does start with individuals and a mass of individuals to join a movement to create change. it isn't just something the government does from the top down. the governments have to play the role as well but you need bottom up. you need a grassroots bottom up movement that starts to change the perception and attitudes around the world. >> thank you very much. we'll be right back. ♪

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now for our "what in the world" segment, a very special one. you've probably heard of watson

the computer that went head-to-head with humans on jeopardy. you know robots are increasingly used in manufacturing around the country and the world. have you ever heard of a robot sketch comedian? well, meet data. also joining us is data's handler, heather knight, a doctoral researcher in robotics at carnegie-mellon who studies the intersection of entertainment and robotics. data, take it away. >> hello, everybody. can you hear me? all right. the volume is good. okay. thanks. excited to be here. let's get started. gosh, i love saying that. it makes me feel like some kind of superhero, but actually, i am just a mediocre robotic comedian. great to meet you, fareed. are you ready for action? >> i am.

>> show me a postcard. >> what data wants here is a postcard of one of three neighborhoods in new york about which he has some comedy sketches prepared. i think of the three neighborhoods, times square, west village and brooklyn. i'm going to choose times square and show him the card. >> good choice. on my way over here, i passed through times square. have you seen the naked cowboy? ♪ i'm the naked cowboy >> he plays the guitar in his underwear in a cowboy hat. ♪ i'm the naked cowboy. you got to do what you got to do ♪ >> just shaking his naked booty. tourists love that guy. >> don't touch the squishy pa s parts. >> i had two video cameras installed on my face. well, that's all i got. did i do okay? be honest. >> no, not really. i was really trying.

>> his ego needs some help. >> it's not so bad. >> am i doing a good job? >> yes. >> they love me. they really, really love me. now i can go home happy. >> heather, that was pretty amusing. mostly just fascinating. we should tell the audience that you wrote -- >> catch you later. >> you wrote the routine for data, but his reactions are sort of natural. he senses -- and if there were an audience there, he would actually -- the sensors work so he can sense the audience's reaction. explain how that works. >> robots can learn through lots of data. in some of my work i've been using each member of the audience as kind of a data point for machine learning. in the reactions of a large

group of people to a robot performer on stage, a robot could hopefully learn to be more charismatic effective communicator and be able to shape a performance for a individual group of people. there can be visual feedback which is kind of conscious or make an iphone app forgiving feedback along the way. i love that joke, you could rate things more like netflix style. >> and the robot, in effect, would incorporate the information and tell more of the jokes that you like and fewer of the ones -- sort of like pandora with the thumbs up or thumbs down. >> absolutely. >> or he could even tell jokes with different gestures and say that joke is funnier for an audience. >> all this can be filed under artificial intelligence. earlier this year, watson, the ibm super computer beat its human competitors in jeopardy. how sophisticated are we getting here? >> i think those two projects are actually great tandem projects. watson is great at searching databases. one of the things i'm trying to do is generate the databases and

specifically generate them around social expression so a machine can know how to communicate effectively with us so we don't have to adapt to using a screen or keyboard. they can learn how to work the way that we do. >> now, there are people, of course, who worry about something called the singularity. that is the moment where robots will actually become smarter than humans and we'll be able to learn and keep learning. is that really going to happen? >> do all parents feel that way about their children? i wonder sometimes. i do feel like the way we raise technology and the applications we use them for and the storytelling we think about in the creation of new technology will help us shape the direction. we're not on the cusp of singularity at this very moment. i do think when you put people and robots together in teams, we can achieve much more than either of us can do alone. we're still very unique. >> heather knight, data, thank you very much. >> thanks for having us. >> we'll be right back.

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hi, everybody. here's a check on the top stories. we are keeping a close watch on tropical storm lee. right now the storm is over southern louisiana. ten parishes there are under a state of emergency. lee hasn't moved much since this time yesterday. it's very slow moving, on track to move to the northeast and the tennessee valley over the next couple of days. president obama's getting an up-close look at the damage from hurricane irene. he's touring patterson, new jersey, a town hit hard by the storm's strong winds and heavy rains. the president is expected to meet with residents, local officials and first responders. former imf manager dominique straus-kahn back in strans today. he arrived in morning after taking a flight from jfk airport, the same airport where he was arrested in may and charged with sexually assaulting a hotel maid. the charges were dropped late last month. i will be back with more news at the top of the hour.

now back to fareed zakaria gps. think for a second about the most innovative thing you've seen. i bet whatever comings to mind was probably a technological innovation, a gee whiz gadget or a joke-cracking rob bot. the question is it comes in in different areas, from business practice to tarts, literature, painting, design, architecture. the finest artists have often the most innovative. think of charlie parker's bbop. one of the finest architects in the world fits that model. he's frank gehry, perhaps best known for his undulating waves at the guggenheim among others. he joins me now. thank you form joining us. >> thank you. >> how do you come up with an idea? so much of what you have done was not conventional, was not the way buildings were build or the way people conceived of things. where did stuff come to you from?

>> i'm very thorough which people probably don't realize. i do a lot of research. i spend a lot of time with the clients, with the site, with the program and invent as i go along ideas that respond to those. and in that process with the client involved and a clear understanding of budget and engineering and what can go on, we vet some directions together and they're complicit which i love because in the end when it looks strange, it want them -- they've been part of it. >> but the strangeness comes from where? >> well, i don't know why -- to me it's not strange. it looks like everything else is strange. and so stuff starts to unfold and little models and ideas and sketches.

there are about 50 to 100 models made in that process. >> it's very deliberative. >> yes. then when i understand it completely, when i think i know, then i kind of put it away and then i call that the candy store. i call that when i know the problem, everything about it that i can imagine. and then i start to make the real design and the ideas. so the language comes from -- of the curves comes from history. it's not just invented out of whole cloth. if you look at phidias's marbles, they express motion in the marble. you see the soldiers pushing their shields, and it's palpable.

you feel it. if you look at the india sheeba materials, there is movement in it. it is possible. >> so the famous story that you took a piece of paper and crumpled it and looked at it and that was the disney hall in l.a. >> that's a famous story because the simpsons had me to do. >> we asked frank gehry to build me a concert hall. >> that's the bane of my existence. people come to me and say crumple a piece of paper and we will give you a million dollars and build it. >> frank gehry, you are a genius. it. >> is a fun thing but it has haunted me. people who have seen the simpsons believe it. >> when you design a building is

your principal concern to make something dazzling, beautiful or to have it so it functions the way it is meant to be, an apartment building with all of the apartments? >> yes, to function is first. and to get it built it has to be on budget. so you have to deal with technology and the culture of construction. and that's complicated. and i think it's very important and then to bring something to it other than just -- and it doesn't cost extra. that's the interesting thing. we've proven that over and over again. so a building should engender some kind of emotional response. if you go to disney hall, the key issue was the relationship between performer and audience. i worked my butt off to make that special. i think it helps the -- psychologically, it's psycho acoustic, we call it. if the orchestra feels the

audience, and you have experienced it when you do talks, you speak better. you feel it. that happens in a performance and i think it happens in everything. >> what about this new building in new york? it's a big apartment building. what did you see as the crucial thing there to get right. the pro forma for the apartment was a t-shaped building. it's a given in new york, it's a new york model. we made it a little higher and added the stairsteps like the historic buildings in new york. we didn't have to do that. we could have been straight up. so that was dedecoration, if you will. it was my trying to fit a building in to new york. and then i added the folds. folds are like when your mother holds you in your arms, i think. it's very basic and primitive that people respond to folds. that's why great artists in history focus so much on it. so i wanted to have that warmth, that feeling in the city that

this building was accessible and that it -- by adding the folds it was somehow timeless. it wasn't exactly a modernist slab. it had some kind of thing to it. >> do you think when you look at american architecture, creativity right now, does it feel like we're still at the top of the world? does it feel like 1950s, abstract expressionism taking the world by storm? where is america in today's kind of landscape? >> i think we have just been through, in architecture, we have been through an expressi expressionist period. there's a lot of money and people are doing things, and it's coming to a screeching halt by the culture around architecture. there's a kind of backlash. they are saying focus on

sustainability and the social issues and the architecture should be, become second dare. it seems like so thoughtless. it seems like so thoughtless to eliminate the baby with the bath water kind of -- use those other things. it becomes a mantor for less talented people to get their way probably. >> frank gehry, thank you. we will be right back. i thought in the last 15 seconds, i owe it to myself to do the picture i really believe in. so i said to him, mr. president, will show me the love? but with 24-hour zyrtec®, i get prescription strength relief from my worst allergy symptoms. so lily and i are back on the road again. with zyrtec® i can love the air®.

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most people with one-word names are rock stars, bono, madonna, cher. my next guest, platon, is not a rock star in the traditional sense but is a star photographer. his speciality is capturing the essence of world leaders in a single frame. welcome. >> good to be here, fareed. >> you worked before with a lot of celebrities, george clooney, al pacino, yoko ohno. so who are more difficult to deal with? mega stars or world leaders?

>> there's actually no formula with people. the moment you start to fake it and apply a formula it is endsville. every person is different and you have to go in to a humble, raw, open state of mind. what i do is maybe 3% photography. the rest is complete psychology and people skills. >> tell me about a few of these. there's a great shot of putin, a difficult man to photograph only in the sense he rarely agrees to be photographed. >> to my knowledge, it's the only formal portrait he's ever done outside the kremlin. i was flown to moscow, i photographed him in his private dasher. i was led in to this room where they essentially dissolved the soviet union. so it was very historic. i said i'm a massive beatles fan. are you? the first thing he did is he took off his translating ear

piece, issued all of his advisers out of the room and it was me, him and 15 security guards, very soez cozy. so he said let's talk. he spoke perfect english and i said i want to know if you like the beatles. he said i do like the beatles. i said what's your favorite song? he said "yesterday." i said i can't believe i'm talking to you about the beatles. the interesting thing is that connection allowed me then to get close and he allowed me in. i think probably when i took the picture i was about an inch and a half away from his nose. >> probably the most famous shot of yours, i have to say, is probably the bill clinton shot which was during the lewinsky scandal. it's called the crotch shot. >> yes, it was. >> did you think when you did it, you know what? this is going to come out with a rather emphasized crotch? >> i had no idea. it was my first presidential portrait, and it should probably have been my last.

the magazine actually said to me, whatever you do, don't use that lens. you've got eight minutes with him. i spent seven and a half minutes doing a very elegant head shot of clinton. i thought in the last 15 seconds, i owe it to myself to do the picture i really believe in. so i said to him, mr. president, will you show me the love, and at that point i think some of his advisors winced. he knew what i wanted. he said, i know what he means. he put his hands on his knees and he gave me that clinton charisma. >> you have two photographs, one of obama and one of bush. clints ma. >> you have two photographs, within of obama and one of bush. in a way at least they confirm to the conventional view of obama is cold and very elegant, bush has warm, folksy --

>> is that how they came across to you? >> no it was interesting obama was photographed during his presidential election campaign. bush was photographed after he left office. bush was rather -- had a reflective view on the whole sitting. obama is obviously very chair is mattic. i remember as i was taking the picture that my mom really hopes you make it to the white house. and he leaned forwards and said, tell your momma i said hi. it was -- there are moments of this wonderful natural people skills that just overflow with o oba obama. with bush, it was quite a challenging shoot. one of the hardest i've ever had. he walked in the room, i said you better be photographing a guy that's happy and not a

snarler. >> netanyahu, how did he strike you? >> he put his hand on one shoulder, on my shoulder and shook my hand with the other hand very firmly, he said let me make good. >> perhaps your most famous shot is of gadhafi, i don't know if it's the most famous, it's the most grand. >> he chose arguably the worst moment to sit for me. again at the general assembly in new york, i was just a few feet away from the podium where obama was actually speaking and it's a very confined space. at the end of the corridor i saw this giant crowd swirl of about 200 people coming toward us. in the middle of the crowd swirl was gadhafi, he was marching with this defy ant spirit, surrounded by female bodyguards

dressed head to foot in green military clothing. >> it was the amazonian guard. >> it was as if as saying i will sit for a portrait while obama is actually making a speech and that's when we did it. >> those wild clothes. the broech of africa and robes. >> he wore this hat that tamed his wild hair. had these incredible chocolate robes. people say to me, is he crazy, is he mad. he may well be those things but he also may well be the smartest person in the room. and i don't think he's to be underestimated. >> what makes a photograph great. people sometimes wonder, they look at photographs and think i can take photographs. is it the moment? is it the lighting? you say it's a lot of

psychology? >> i think it's all of the things working together. sometimes the stars are aligned to create a happening. you may laugh at my foolish optimism, but i do passionately believe in the human condition and i believe in the dignity of the individual. in many ways this is perhaps a feeble attempt to appeal to this international power community to come together to solve the world's problems. >> pleasure. >> thank you so much. we will be back. as a manager, my team counts on me to stay focused.

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there's been a lot of talk about the economic strength of the u.s. dollar. our question concerns the physical strength of the dollar. how long does the average $20 bill last? how long is it in circulation? is it a, six months, b, two years, c, six years or d, ten years. stay tuned and we'll tell you the correct answer. make sure you go to cnn.com/gps for ten more challenging questions and check out our website, the global public square. you'll find smart interviews and

takes from our experts, many of whom you've seen on the show. don't forget, you can also follow us on twitter and facebook. this book is called "half the sky" filled with uplifting stories of women defying odds and breaking through oppression and repression and reminds you of just how tough it is for women in so many parts of the world. now, for the last look, they say you shouldn't send coals to new castle or try to sell ice to he isky mows, how about trying to sell chopsticks to the chinese? think it's a bad idea? he has built a chopstick fakry from america's georgia. he employs 100 people but his best worker is this chopstick chopping machine. it runs 24 hours a day, six days a week and makes two million chopsticks a