wine, culture, romance and a france americans campaign about too, rude, dismissive and snoby. some are offended when someonesr says their wives are more beautiful than they are upon. >> this is the newest arrival since the sarkozy, so i want to congratulate them on the birth of julia. i'm confident julia inherited her mother's looks rather than her father's. >> see his face? the smile got wiped right off. that's the france we love. >> we begin tonight keeping them honest with new revelations with the trayvon martin killing that may pull nu two opposite directions about what happened and whether george zimmerman fired in self-defense. in a moment, a new version of that 911 audio tape that some

believe has zimmerman uttering a racial slur. we did our own enhancements earlier, but have now used more sophisticated methods to uncover the truth. zimmerman's two attorneys are speaking out about why neither one has actually sat down and looked their client in the eye. they spoke to local station wofl. >> for an ongoing investigation, there are cases where i want to sit down and look in my client's eye. i understand the police have given him a voice-stress test. he passed that. the evidence seems to support his version, so i don't necessarily need to look him in the eye. >> that's something new. george zimmerman taking a voice stress test. sanford police won't comment on whether they put him through such a test when they questioned hip, but they do say they use it, as do other florida police departments. keeping them honest, how reliable are they? we contacted an expert who did a study of the devices when used to question suspects about drug

use. he says their ability to detect deception is, and i'm quoting now, no better than flipping a coin. again, we don't know whether the sanford police department subject the zimmerman to such a test, nor if they used it as a basis for not charging him. we do know the lead investigator had suspicions about his story. now, the mother of a 13-year-old witness to the incident says that same investigator told her so. >> the lead investigator from the sanford police department stood in my family room and told me, this was absolutely not self-defense, and they needed to prove it. he told me, and i'm paraphrasing this quote, but read between the lines. there are some stereotyping going on here. >> that's the mother of a young witness on msnbc. the 911 tape of george zimmerman's call as he was pursuing trayvon martin through

the gated community he was patrolling. we should warn you. you're going to hear some strong language. you might want to send your kids out of the room. the two words you'll hear are an expletive and some believe a racial slur. when the question first came up we worked with a top audio expert to enhance the tape. >> rick, can we play just that second word, what we think the second word is and hear if that sounds any different? >>. [ inaudible ] >> it certainly sounds like that word to me. although you just can't be sure. that sounds even more like the word when it was the f word before there. >> that's correct. >> it seemed pretty clear then, but since then we've been able to use a higher tech method to isolate what was sides that night. here again, gary tuckman. this is brian stone, one of our senior audio engineers. expert in this field. you've enhanced the tape and

we're going to listen to it. i have not listened to this. because i wanted to listen to it for the first time on this equipment. let's play it. >>. >> are you following him? >> yeah. >> we don't need you to do that? >> that certainly sounds much clearer than the first tape we listened to. >> some are accusing george zimmerman of using the racial slur coons in his 911 call. it was preceded by the f word. >> the problem is, this is very short, about 1.6 seconds. so once again, if we can repeat it a few times so we can hear it clearly.

[ unin telligible ] >> it's apparent the first word is a curse word. so we'll bleep it out for the rest of the story. it's the second word that's important. >> i don't want to say what it sounds like, but let's play it a few times so the viewer can have an idea for themselves and draw their own conclusion. >> cones, cones, cons. >> now, it does sound less like that racial slur. i acknowledge it could have been that slur from listening in this room, it doesn't sound like that slur. it sounds like we're hearing the swear word at first and the word cold. and the reason 134 say it would be relevant is because it was unseasonabley cold that night in

florida. so some zimmerman supporters are saying that. >> it does to me. and i have not heard this. >> first time you've heard this? >> yes. >> can we play it a few more times? >> sure. >> cones, cones, cones. >> so the key is to get rid of the wind and anything broadband noise. >> that's what we've done this time as compared to last time. >> this reduces and cleans up a lot of broadband noise. >> does it change the voice or a word? >> no, it would not change a word. >> just makes it clearer? >> yes. >> can you play that for us one more time? >> cones cones. >> this is the clearliest audio we've heard of the 911 call, but it's apparent there will still be controversy over what he

said. >> joining me now, police veteran lou pallum bow who runs a private security firm. also joining us jeffrey tubein and criminal defense attorney mark ger ag os. it's a major issue as far as the justice department is concerned, that word, whether it was a bad word or simply saying it was cold. f 'ing cold. presumably they wouldn't get involved if the word was cold. >> the only way the federal government has jurisdiction over this homicide is if they can prove there was racial hostility at the core of it. a simple shooting is a purely state matter and then the federal government wouldn't be involved. there may be other evidence in the case. this is obviously very important, but not the only piece of evidence in the case. the justice department will investigate every aspect, but certainly if the word is cold,

not co-o-o-nc-o-o-n, that is re. >> it's an important point, 100%. can it be cleared up? >> i don't know anything's ever 100% in the criminal justice system, but this is precisely what they do. they go to an audio specialist, enhance it, the term that we use in the court. once they've enhanced it and gone through it, then everybody listens to it and tries to figure out, okay, he said it or he didn't say it. as jeff says, it's true. if there was a word that that's used that is racially charged, that is going to tend to kind of make their decision a lot easier. if there isn't, they will look at the surrounding circumstances. we saw what happened with the nbc enhanced tape or edited tape. and if that doesn't play out, and it looks like it hasn't played out, then it makes it a much toucher decision for them

to file a case federally. >> this is also a good example of why it's important to take your time. i remember when gary tuckman did his first report and i sat here with anderson and i thought i heard co-o-o-c-o-o-n. this definitely sounds like cold. again, everybody wants this case to be wrapped up tomorrow. this just shows why it's important to say, let's get the best evidence we can. >> today we learned zimmerman was given a voice stress test. tell us about it. is this admissible useful? >> not admissible the same way a polygraph isn't. it's a measure of stress in your voice. they examine micro tremors in an attempt to determine truthfulness. i don't particularly give it much credence. i think there are some people that do. i think what really happened here, this attorney has opened up a can of worms to suggest that we take a full battery of tests, including a polygraph and

have it administered by someone like the fbi. i didn't realize the sanford police department -- and i do want to say this. 43 states have adapted or adopted this means of screening or determining a case. the fbi and the cia also use this. i don't think they use it for resolution in criminal matters. they probably use it more for the purpose of screening candidates or if they have a confidential informant that's giving them a lead. >> it's like a lie detector test, but it's not necessarily all that reliable and certainly is not admissible. mark, let me bring you back into the conversation. we understand that in florida, when you're arrested, the clock starts ticking to bring someone to a speedy trial. you're required to bring them to trial within 180 days. could that explain why charges have not been brought against george zimmerman? >> there are speedy trial rights in every state. the thing here, and i haven't

determined it and i'm not an expert in florida law whatsoever, but it order to me initially, one of the reasons why they may not have -- and mind you, everybody was first reporting that he had not been arrested by any stretch of the imagination. that tape shows that he was under arrest. what then triggers is it whether or not you have to take him to a magistrate within a certain period of time. whether you have to take him directly and within a certain number of hours. there is u.s. supreme court precedents and here in california, you'd have to get him in front of a magistrate in two to three days. otherwise the case would be rejected. i do not think, in this case, came to play.

>> they have that pressure and they want to do frankly what most criminal defense lawyers would like to see a prosecutor do, analyze the case, interview the witnesses, make sure before you file something that you've actually done all of your home work and they're got the luxury to do that now. >> we'll see what happens. >> they didn't do that in the prior two weeks, everybody insisting this case be taken a look at. for two weeks, this case basically sat there on the back burner. until the pressure was exerted by the public, no one was looking at this case. >> they are looking at it right now. thank you very much for coming. let us know what you think. we're on facebook and google plus or follow me on twitter at wolf blitzer cnn. i'll be tweeting tonight. a day after his three-state primary sweep, mitt romney has

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with victories in three more primary races, mitt romney looks safely on track for the

republican presidential nomination. he's talking like a nominee and president obama is treating him like one as well. you could see it in the governor's speech today to newspaper editors and the president's version to the same group yesterday. combined, they're like watching a trailer for the fall campaign. keeping them honest, how true to the facts are they? take this line from governor romney on the recession. >> i've said many times before, the president did not cause the economic crisis. but he did make it worse. >> keeping them honest, when president obama took office, the economy was in free fall. 4.5 million jobs lost in president bush's last year and 4.3 million jobs lost in the early obama administration. as you can see job losses slowed. then gains started to appear and grew. for march, the economy is expected to add about 200,000 jobs. that means as of february, the

economy under president obama had gained back about 3.2 million of those 4.3 million jobs lost during his administration. according to a cnn money survey of economists, all 4.3 million jobs lost on his watch could potentially come back by year's end. all on the economy, there's this claim about the administration's economic recovery. >> the $787 billion stimulus included a grab bag of pet projects that languished in congress for good reason, for years. it was less than jobs planned and the mother of all earmarks. the administration pledged that their stimulus would keep the unemployment rate below 8%. it's been above 8% every month since. >> he's certainly right about the last part. unemployment is now at 8.3%, up

from when president obama took office, but down sharply from its peak of 10.1% in october of 2009. as for the stimulus, they say it increased employment, created jobs by anywhere from about a million to as many as three million jobs. as far the claim that the administration pledged to keep the jobs number under 8%, it comes from an estimate, not a pledge, in a report writen by two top obama economic advisers during the transition back in january 2009 shortly before the president took office. moving on to the president's speech, no outright false hoods, but not always the whole truth. take this on government regulation. >> you'd think they'd say, you know what, maybe some rules and regulations are necessary to protect the economy and prevent people from being taken advantage of by insurance companies or credit cards companies or mortgage lenders. >> it is true governor romney wants to repeal the law,

tightening regulations on the financial industry, however, he's also said as recently as last night and i'm quoting him now, we of course understand in a free market that regulations are necessary and critical. there's also this about health care reform. >> there's a reason why there's a little bit of confusion in the republican primary about health care and the individual mandate since it originated as a conservative idea to preserve the private market place in health care while still assuring that everybody got coverage, in contrast to a single. payer plan. now suddenly this is some socialist overreach. >> on this the president is right. the individual mandate was originally a conservative idea, even had some conservative support, by the way, while the obama health bill was being drafted. listen. >> i believe that there is a

bipartisan consensus to have individual mandate. >> that was senator charles grassly of iowa on fox news. a leading conservative supporting the mandate at the time it was being drafted. however, keeping them honest, it's a mandate that president obama opposed when running for office. here is his drawing a contrast back in the 2008 debate with then presidential candidate hillary clinton, who unlike president obama, supported the mandate. >> clinton's plan and mine is the fact that she would force in some fashion, individuals to purchase health care. >> joining us now, republican strategist and former george w. bush secretary of state ari fleischer and democrat poster who currently works for president obama's re-election campaign. cornel, it seems as if, as far as the obama campaign is concerned, the republican primary is over. at least that's the impression

you're giving. what do you think? >> well, i think pennsylvania will have a lot to say about that. it keeps going along. santorum wins a couple. romney wins a couple. but i think he's not at the magical number yet. however, i think for democrats, it's really about whether it's santorum or romney, they're all sort of cut from the same radical cloth in the same policies, all back being the same policies that in our mind would undermine the middle class. they're all for the ryan budget plan and taking power away from women and give it to their employees to make health care decisions for them. so whether it's santorum or romney, they all have to answer for their policies. >> you've seen recent poll numbers in states that are critical. disappointing numbers for romney. is he emerging as a weaker or

stronger candidate? >> i'll answer that in a second. but it first it saddens me when people talk about americans as being radicals. we can have political differences left and right, but i don't call anybody a radical on the left. i've never used that for barack obama and i think it's one of the reasons we're starting to fray at the seems. we should be cautious of the words we use. >> let me let cornel respond to that. >> well, i responded to him. so we're even. >> when you look at some of the policies that are being put forth bite ryan plan that does away with medicare p something that our seniors have been depending on for years, i would argue that that's radical. when you're trying to give power back to wall street to write their own rules and do the same things that got us into that mess, some of us look at that and say that's radical. this is not the republican party of a decade ago. this is a different sort of

republican. >> here's the pb with that wolf, the barack obama of eight years ago is the one who said, there is no red america, no blue america, he's the united states of america. now he's the one out there calling people radicals. you can disagree is still love this country and not be a radical. that is what is so divisive about the language that president obama and his pollster are using, it feels like wir always fighting instead of working it out. >> a lot of republicans call the president a socialist. the rhetoric on both sides can be intense. >> number one, i have haven't. number two, i don't believe mitt romney who is all but definite republican nominee. so if there are people on the side, idcall them out on it too. >> good for you. is romney a stronger candidate or weaker now? >> he is weaker and he's running

against a weaker president. one of the factors going on, this republican primary has not strengthened the front-runners. you can make the case it's brought them down. the same thing happened to president obama. he began his presidency with a 10% disapproval, increased five times now, under 50% in disapproval. so his presidency hasn't served him well. the republican primary hasn't served republicans well, and the american people are in a bad mood about almost everybody in public life. it's a warning to everybody. >> cornel, your team had a lot of fun pointing out mitt romney's weakness with the conservative base. but you look at some exit poll numbers, and he seems to be making real progress with a lot of voters. >> well, i'm going to pull a ari here and respond to ari. when you go back to 2008 and look at how the battle between hillary and then senator obama, as the process went on, voters

didn't start to dislike the then senator barack obama more. they didn't. they didn't start to dislike him more. you're now looking at a nominee in romney who's under water. he starts off in a weaker position than most candidates and quite frankly, you just don't want your candidate starting off under water when by the way we haven't really begun spending money to even attack him. so it's definitely different than what it was in 2008. you certainly don't see new people coming in and wanting to join the process like you saw in 2008. so i think it's fundamentally different. >> guys, thank you very much for coming in. >> thank you. >> we have breaking news we're following tonight. the l.a. coroner has just released the final autopsy report for whitney houston, and there are new details about the role cocaine played in her death.

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the los angeles county coroner has released the final autopsy report on whauft's death. from the preliminary report, we already knew the singer's death was ruled an accidental death

with cocaine cited as a contributing factor. the final report says she drowned in a tub of hot water about 12 inches deep. it also describes a white substance on the counter with a spoon. dr. drew, this report is a pretty grim accounting of the final hours of her life. you've gone through it. how serious of a report is this? >> wolf, the shocking thing about this report, and i want to assure you that i have a completely different interpretation from the preliminary report that was put out that somehow the cocaine had precipitated a cardiac event or that significant heart disease had contributed to her demise. the fact is this autopsy report showed that she had nominal heart disease, almost none, not sufficient to explain what happened to her. you also mentioned she was found face down in water. how would you have heart attack

or take too much medication and slip into the water and drown and end up face down? the way that happens is seizure. i add it up and i get seizure here. she had large amounts of xanax found at her side in the bathroom. pill bottles that had been filled with large amounts that are empty. yet she had very low amounts of xanax in her blood. she had meta fofr sis of her liver, yet had low levels of alcohol in her blood. so it may well be that she was actually not using these staubs, had been, but was trying not to. a common feature of coming off those substances is seizure. you want to induce the seizure, put cocaine into your system. that's what she did. large amounts of cocaine was found. meaning she had used within the last four to six hours prior to her death, maybe even minutes before. >> because the toxicology test

measured.58 micro grams of cocaine for liter of blood in her right leg. what does that level tell you? >> it tells me specifically it's the met ab lights of cocaine that are more interesting and the fact that she has non-met abalized cocaine, meaning that it was used recently, moderately in all probability, and the idea that it caused a cardiac event is spurious. i think it's an inappropriate and inaccurate conclusion. there was seizure activity that caused her to flip over and drawn. this was someone trying not to use staubss, but add a staub that commonly causes seizure and ends up in serious trouble. the route to demise through chemical dependency is nefarious and here's somebody you never would have predicted this outcome and drowning ends up the result. >> what a sad, sad story.

dr. drew, thanks so much for joining us. still ahead, 360's ground-breaking study on kids and race. tonight we'll hear from 13-year-olds. but first susan hendricks has a 360 business bulletin. >> human rights groups in syria report that a new round of government attacks killed 61 people today. the assad regime fired upon people and launched strikes. they're facing accusations of escalating violence ahead of the deadline to comply with the latest piece plan. a united airlines flight hit turbulence flying from tampa to houston. most of the injuries are described as minor, but some passengers came off the plane with stretchers and wearing neck braces. the suspect in monday's oakland shoot is held without bail. he's now facing several charges including seven counts of murder

and three counts of attempted murder. yahoo announcing play-offs today. the company ceo says it may be just the first round of cuts and he's radically streamlining the company. you have to see this canadian bare hunter. he ended up saving the life of a cub. he brought it home, nursed it, and named it. wildlife officials took the cub to a zoo until they can find it a home. after this experience, the hunter says he's done killing bears. >> thank you very much. tonight, new video from northern texas, shot by a man whose family was directly in the path of one of yesterday's tornadoes, recording what could have been their last moments. that story is next.

substance. >> upclose tonight we're getting a fuller picture of those terrifying tornadoes that ripped across northern texas. 200 homes destroyed, more than 600 damaged, but not a single person killed. that's nothing short of amazing. timing and sheer luck saved so many lives yesterday. the family you're about to meet is one example. here gary tuckman. >> you see it coming down? >> the man shooting this video

is a husband and father of two. and about to experience the most terrifying moments of his life. >> god, you can see the debris field. look at that. do you see it, michelle? >> yes, i saw it. >> look at it, right above your house. look at the debris field. you got the kids in the bathroom? get the kids in the booth room. it's right there. look, it's touched down. look at the transformers. it is down. >> oh, my god, did you hear that? >> that is the aftermath of that tornado. here in forney, texas, east of the dallas, the local school, heavily damaged, more than 95 homes damaged or destroyed. this video was shot by brett brown who was standing right here when he shot it, trying to pray it away. >> while you were shooting it, what are you thinking? >> please don't come here. oh, wow. oh, my god.

oh, no! get in the house! go! take cover. >> brett's wife -- >> it's terrifying as a person, for myself and extra because of my children. amber showed us how she put the children in the tub. >> it's hard to look into the eyes of your children and tell them it'll be okay, when you're not sure you're going to be okay. >> reporter: at around the same time, this is what her husband was saying. >> please keep us safe. oh, my goodness. >> reporter: seven people in forney were hurt, but nobody was killed. the parents in this neighborhood expressed great relief the tornado hit when it did. 30 minutes later, their kids were walking home from school. there's a lot of rebuilding to do in this part of texas, but there's great rejoicing that nobody died.

brett says he's not shooting tornado video the next time. >> it's a whole different animal when it's right in front of you. >> gary, it's really amazing that no one was seriously hurt. but how strong was this tornado? >> reporter: this was a very strong tornado with top winds between 140 and 160 miles per hour. that makes it an ef 3 tornado. ef 5 is the strongest. officially an ef3 can cause severe damage. that's what we saw at the deadly tornadoes in illinois at the end of february. so the video here was very dramatic, but the people are fortunate that mother nature didn't dial tup a little bit more. >> gary tuckman, thanks for the excellent reporting. next we'll have a special report on kids and race.

this week we showed you what children as young as six told researchers. tonight a specially appropriate, as we consider the trayvon martin case. the focus is on 13-year-olds. >> i'm different, the way i look and the way of my skin, at my previous school. they just kept on bullying me. i tried not to break. but i couldn't like hold on anymore. so i asked my mom can i leave. fo tapas puck chinese takeout taco truck free range chicken pancake stack baked alaska 5% cash back. right now, get 5% cash back at restaurants. it pays to discover. according to the signs, ford is having some sort of big tire event. i just want to confirm a w things with fiona. how would you describe the event? it's big. no,i mean in terms of savings how would you sum it up? big in your own words, with respect to selection, what would you say? big okay, let's talk rebates

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. trayvon martin parents believe their son was a victim of racial professionaling by an armed and overzealous neighborhood watch volunteer. the only thing we know for certain is that martin and zimmerman crossed paths on a dark and rainy night with tragic results. the role that racial bias may or may not have played in the fatal shooting is the subject of fierce debate which makes 360's ground breaking study on kids and race, especially timely. >> tonight we're continuing our ac 360 report kid kids on race. this project has been over a year in the making and its aim,

to study children's attitudes on race and understand how and why they form their opinions. children can be a mirror of society and that is the starting point of this report. too look to the younger generation and see how far we've come when we talk about racial attitudes. take a look at this. dr. killen is her team showed 13-year-old children this picture and asked them questions like what's happening here? are these children friends? would their parents want them to be friends? the picture is designed to be c acambiguous. then they showed them this picture and asked them what happened. with the races flipped. and the psychologist showed a similar set of pictures to 6-year-olds. they were asked questions about race to understand how it plays into their own lives. this is the reality of what kids

see, hear, and think about race. listen. >> if you have the same skin, you can play together. but if you don't have the same skin, you can't play together. >> so why can't you play together if you have different color skin? >> because your mom might not want you to play with that friend. >> do you think it would be easy for a kid to convince his parents that would be okay to have other types of people -- >> no. >> why not? >> probably because you might get in trouble. >> why would a parent want you to get in trouble if you wanted someone to come over to your house who was a different skin color? >> probably because they don't allow. >> why not? why would some parents not allow other skin colors to come over? >> probably because they might not like that skin color. >> my friend's mom wanted to be only her daughter's friend because he's only white and i'm

black. >> okay. so it happened with your friend's mom. they only wanted him to be friends with people who are the same color. >> and so he didn't want you to be friends? >> yes. >> how did that make you feel? >> sad. >> that was more. our cnn study found signs of hope and progress as well. >> it really doesn't matter what skin color they have. it's just their personality. >> i think friendship is important for that reason. because america can grow with different races holding hands and coming together to create one united states. >> last night we told you that when testing 6-year-olds the research showed a majority of white kids were negative about interracial friendships. the majority of black children are positive. but there's a big difference between childhood and

adolescence. when 6-year-old children were asked about interracial friendships. the majority responded like this. >> do you think that chris and alex were friends? >> yeah. >> and how much would they like it if the two were friends. >> really like it. >> but watch how they respond? >> she's a bully. >> do you think that chris and alex are friends? >> no, not really. >> do you think that abbey's parents would like it if she were friends with carrie? >> no. >> the optimism we heard from young black children fades with age. at age six, 59% of black children think the two kids in the picture are friends. by 13, a total flip. 63% do not think they're friends. which matches white teens' attitudes. our expert says experiences like 13-year-old jimmy's of rejection begin to explain the disappointing trend. he said a white friend's mom forbade her son to be friends

with him. >> they said it was because you're black. so you can't hang out with her and her son. >> so she kind of very openly said that the reason why her son could not hang out with you and your family was because you guys were black? >> yeah. >> how did that make your mom feel when she heard that? >> it made her mad. >> what was her response? >> i'm not allowed to say that. >> because of your skin -- >> daunte was bullied so badly because of his race. he had to change schools. >> i've different in the way i look and the way my skin, at my previous school they went to. they just kept on bullying me. and i didn't like it. i asked them to stop like over and over again. then i tried to -- i tried not to break, but i couldn't like, hold on anymore. so i asked my mom, can i leave? >> do you think barb barra -- >> by age 13, african american

kids match the pessimism of white kids when asked if the different races could be friends? our expert says the decline happens because they've been given a reality check on race. they're getting negative feedback. if you have that experience repeatedly over a number of years, your optimism will decline because you've been told, you really don't belong here. you're not part of us. >> dr. killen also says anxiety about interracial dating from black and white parents can have a profound effect on how their kids view friendships. >> parents of young children do often send messages about, we can all be friends, be friends with everybody, you know, they do send positive messages. but by adlessents, they start getting more nervous about this, they start thinking, you should be friends with people like you or like us. >> how are you? sole dad obrian asked some kids

about the issue after this came up. >> do you think your parents would be fine if you decided to start dating a black girl and brought her home? >> honestly, my parents probably wouldn't be too happy because if i was to marry a black girl, you're connected to their family now and who knows what her family is really like? >> so they probably wouldn't be that excited about it? >> probably not. >> this girl admitted anxiety and a double standard for interracial dating in her family. >> if i were to date a white guy, a lot of people wouldn't have a problem with that. but if my brother were to bring home a white girl, there's definitely going to be some controversy. >> from who? your parents or you? >> from me. from me. really, because i think it's more of a problem for people who a black man brings home a white woman, because it's been like that for years. >> so it would matter to you? >> i think it would.

unless, of course, she were not to act i guess so quote, unquote, white. >> what does that mean? >> you know, flipping the air, oh, my god, ha ha ha ha ha, they're so ghetto. no. no. >> there was some good news in our results as well. the racial balance of the school can make a major positive difference on how white kids view race. the study tested them from mixed schools. students at majority white schools were the most pessimistic about race. only 47% think their parents would improve of kids from different races being friends. in racially diverse and majority black schools, 71% are positive about it. the reason, according to dr. killen is friendships. >> there's almost nothing as powerful as having a friend of a different efth nick background to reduce prejudice.

you have that experience, you can challenge stereotypes. >> these students go to mixed schools. >> the color of your skin doesn't change who you are. >> we're all people and we can all get along. >> my grandparents are very racist against african americans and other races, but it's 2012, so they have to, like, push that aside. and i'll be like, no, that's wrong to be -- and i'm like no, i'm friends with everyone. >> we're here with dr. killen and sole dad o'brian. it's sobering to hear that as black kids age, they become as pessimistic as white kids. >> it's true. you have to think about why is that? why is it that young kids think you can be friends with different people. then they start getting messages. from ages 6 to 13, you get increase messages. if you don't have opportunity for friendships, you don't have that opportunity to challenge

the stereotypes, it starts getting more deeply entrenched. by 13, there's other issues, things about dating. so that's when the messages from parents and society start getting much more negative. as we move towards increasing intimacy, that's where people get more uncomfortable and more nervous about it. unfortunately it kind of backfires because that's when kids start to back away. they start to think friendships aren't possible. we really have to think about that because having a friend of a different race or ethnicity does enable you to challenge the stereotypes but also create a comfort that you're going to have for the rest of your life. >> it was interesting to see how it changes the dynamic. >> 13 is pub erty and that changes the dynamic for the kids and in a bag way for the parents. so what i think you're measuring is at six, we all get along. at 13, it's, oh, now we're

talking about intimate relationships. that really changes the dynamic, especially for parents and i think you see that message in change. >> what we find is that parents are already sort of thinking about, well, i wouldn't want them to marry somebody of a different race or ethnicity. maybe that's through, but these kids are 13 and it's too early to start worrying about that. if you're worry at that age, you're cutting them off in valuable friendships they could have. >> what do you want people to take away from the study? >> i think everybody to think about their interactions with their children and what kind of messages are they conveying. when can they be proactive? if you went to the park and you saw somebody hitting somebody else? you would talk to your child about it. you would use it as a teaching moment. what we're finding is when issues come up with racism and prejudice, even more benign

examples, parents often step back and they feel they shouldn't say anything about it. we're saying, treat that as if somebody had hit another child. use it as an opportunity. talk to them. >> it's also not one conversation. some people say i talk about that, now i can check that off. >> one of the biggest problems we have, we look at martin luther king day. so we have one day of the year where we talk about those issues. what happens on the other 364 days of the year? not every day, but when you're a parent or educator or teacher, talk about it openly and honestly. it will go a long way -- we're a global world. we're going to interact with people from different races and these kinds of stereotypes when they start in childhood and become deeply entrenched by adult. they're very hard to change. childhood is the time to make a

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