morning continues, but, first, sanjay gupta m.d. begins right now. ♪ the race is on. if you saw somebody collapse in front of you today, no heart beat, would you know what to do? would you be able to do it? explain. plus, the name game. this could be a pivotal time in the world of mental health. the dsm, the so-called sight bible, gets an overhaul and could mean big changes for patients and doctors alike. first, a look under the microscope. >> i don't want to be fat for the rest of my life. i've got diabetes. >> sleep apnea. >> high blood pressure. >> i get dizzy when i get up. >> everything is hurting now.

>> you just saw a clip there from the weight of the nation. it's a four-part film from our sister network, hbo, and all of us are under the microscope this morning. our habits, our behavior, our country. this film is part of an unprecedented push by doctors and government health officials, and in part what's driving it this week, we have new numbers, a projection by the year 203042% of the u.s. population would be obese, not just overweight, but obese. now, some sort of twisted way, this could count as good news. the last prediction four years ago was that 51% of us would be obese. of course, none of this is still remotely good enough. here to talk about it from hbo, john hoffman, the economictive producer of "the weight of the nation." you have covered a lot of ground. it's four hours, as we mentioned. at the end of the day a lot of people say, well, it's calories in and calories out. first of all, is that true? do you believe that, or is it possible that some calories

treat our bodies differently than others? >> i'm not going to, you know, speculate about whether carbohydrates in refined form or complex form ultimately are more fattening than others, but we are eating way too much. maybe 300 calories more a day per person than we were eating 30 years ago. so the weight gain that's happening across this country really has to be recognized that it's a large part is being driven by over consumption. we are not moving enough, but i am convinced that the experts who say that we can't exercise our way out of this problem have a point. that the over consumption that's going on is driving the largest part of this epidemic. >> the cob text is simple. you can run a few miles, and maybe burn a couple of hundred calories. it's not enough to counter

balance what people eat. i ask the previous question because i think there is a lot of the science emerging that's saying, look, you know, we thought we were doing the right thing. we were eating low fat, and we started calling sugary foods health foods and look what happened. i want to play something here and this may be a little bit difficult. i'll warn viewers ahead of time to watch. i think it makes a point. take a look. >> this is the heart from a 26-year-old woman of normal size, height and weight, who died of a noncardiac cause. her cardiovascular system is entirely normal. in contrast we have a heart from another individual, this case a male who is in his 50s. he weighed 500 pounds, and he was 5'9" in height. his bmi was calculated to be 70. over 30 is obese. >> it's really dramatically different from the normal heart. >> you know, john, in medical school it was always the images that really stuck with me as a student at that time. what did you think the first time you saw that?

>> well, i was there, and it was shocking to see that, and even more shocking were the aortas of these people and to see that in the 26-year-old healthy woman, there were the beginning signs of fatty deposits, and what we learned from the heart study is that those fatty deposits could start at the age of 5. it's a grim look at what is happening inside of us that we're just not aware of when we're eating the wrong foods. and sugary foods are driving a lot of this. >> it's mystifying to people. there is a lot of blame. like you said, just exercise more, eat less, and that is part of it, for sure, but it is more complicated with that simple explanation as well. i wish you the best of luck with this. a lot of people watching. i already had a chance to watch it, thanks to you, but parts one and two will be premier at 8:00 p.m. on hbo followed by tuesday night. want more information? log to the weight of the nation.hbo.com. >> appreciate your time. >> thank you.

i'm going to share one prooun piece of advice on controlling your weight. john may want to stick around for this. you can do this while eating more. you'll want to hear this and start doing it today. also, i want to share approximate this with you. my co-workers and i are trying to did our part. in our spare time we picked up shovels and got dirty. we planted a vegetable garden up the block from with we were, and our plan is to share it all with a local food bank. coming up, though, doctors changing the definition of -- this is in a pivotal time in medicine. could you lose southwests, even insurance coverage? the evolution of mental health. that's next. [ male announcer ] they were born to climb...

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big changes coming to the skres handbook that's known as the dsm. it defines what is and what isn't a mental disorder. it has big implications for things like insurance and also who gets treated with medication, things like that. the final revised handbook comes out next year, and that's 19 years after the last update. it's -- as i said, it's a pretty big thing in medicine, and a question people are asking is how does it impact us? joining from washington is psychiatrist dr. sally. she electric toors at yale university and also a resident scholar at the american enterprise institute. welcome back to the show. >> thank you very much. >> you know, the one thing i hear more than ever nowadays is that there is a label for

everything, and it's too many labels, too many treatments as a result. just from the 30,000 foot level for a second, the changes that are happening, is that going to make that perceived problem even worse? >> well, it is true that every year it's been -- every time it's been revised the dsm was first issued in 1952. we're now going into the fifth issue. it does get bigger and bigger, but basically when it does enmrarj, when diagnoses proliferate, it's not as if we've discovered new mental illnesses. we're just categorizing them differently. >> right. because, i mean, the perception is especially i think for people outside the world of medicine is that, look, this -- something is driving this. you'll have more people who are "sick" and taking medications. you are also troublinged by the fact that it takes kids at risk of developing mental illness, at risk of developing, and label them as prepsychotic. these are children. the reason being, from my understanding, we can get help

for kids potentially needed sooner, which i guess would be a good thing, but what is -- what do you think of that? >> well, that was a very troubling recommendation, and, again, the apa has recognized that the risks of prematurely labelling someone with what would be a pro dromal kind of -- in other words, maybe a young teenager or younger person on their way to developing schizophrenia. truthfully that would be a constructive thing, if we knew for a fact that this was the early phases and we could intervene and that person would, indeed, go on to develop the full blown syndrome, but there are no data to suggest, in fact, that that's the case. only a small minority of children who have a certain symptom profile. maybe they're bizarre or have a rich fantasy life actually go on to become -- to have a psychotic illness in adulthood. only a very small percentage, and so it would be very, very

risky to diagnose them this early and the dsm has dropped that. >> apbergers syndrome will no longer be a diagnosis. they won't be diagnosed as being on the autism spectrum. how will that affect insurance coverage? you have a child who has a diagnosis now. what happens? how do they qualify for some of the services you're talking about? >> well, there's controversy over whether or not the new diagnostic category will actually exclude them. there's been several research teams working on this. one from yale found that, in fact, you should the new criteria, some high functioning children with asbergers will be left out. there's another series of studies just reported the other day in "the times" that suggests that although people currently diagnosed with asbergers would still remain under the umbrella of spectrum, but if they're wrong and if the yale folks are right is that some of them will be excluded, then their services are at risk. now, the solution, of course, is

to try if we could as is to separate, to uncouple the need for services from actually having a specific diagnosis, and just base the need for services on the function and the requirements of a specific child. >> i mean, there's a lot here, and we're going to keep on top of it. thanks so much. next up, a scavenger hunt with a twist. life and death this time is on the line.

we are back. do you know what this is?

it's an automated external defibrillator. a defibrillator or eed, gives a shot to reset the patient's heart rhythm if a patient is in cardiac arrest. it can bring the heart back to life, and i have seen something like this work firsthand. there is a problem. many people are afraid of using these devices and don't even know where to find them. >> defibrillator. that's right. >> we're trying to locate eed's throughout the city of philadelphia. >> jen is an i.t. analyst. bill roker is a physician. he is on the campus with his son, alexander. >> when people have heart attacks, they can take this out and my pleasure save their lives. >> they are each on a mission to find as many automated defibrillators as possible, so searching high and low for eight weeks across the city of philadelphia. >> we are on a scavenger hunt looking for aed's. >> we caught emto them, and they were neck and neck for the lead. just two weeks left. >> we found another one.

>> the contest is a brainchild of an emergency physician at the university of pennsylvania hospital. >> my heart. >> why not engage the public and use social networking to get people excited about helping to solve a public health challenge. >> reporter: it's part race, part detective work, part scavenger hunt. jen museum, train stations, anywhere to find the portable life saving machines. it takes some asking around. like when jen went to the philadelphia museum of art, she was told the devices are held by security. >> so they have a number of security staff who are well trained in first-aid and cpr, aed. >> it's on the harder once are in smaller businesses where either the people didn't know that they had an aed or they were locked in a place where they couldn't access them. >> dr. measure ant says the two reasons people don't use aed's are lack of knowledge and fear to do something wrong. in fact, the machine is quite

simple. it literally talks you through every single step. >> begin by exposing patient's bare chest and torso. >> open the device and it starts talking to you. you put the pads on the chest, and you can't harm someone. it will tell you whether or not you need a shock. >> do you have one here? >> it's a real competition, but there's some teamwork there as well. >> look at this. >> all the aed's that are found will be entered into a public database, so 9/11 centers and anyone with an app or computer map can fiend them again. >> i'll tell you, more than 300 people took part in the contest, and can i tell you the winners as well. jennifer wen, who we just met, is going to share the top prize not with bill roker, who it turns out was very close, but with jack, who is an athletic director at a local high school. he and jennifer, just to give you context, found more than 400 of these aed's. they'll receive a little over $9,000 as a prize. it's worth familiarizing yourself with these and learning how to use them. coming up, sharing life lessons. >> so lesson number six,

graduates, do one thing every day that scares you and in the process become the action hero of your own life. >> that was me delivering the commencement address at the university of mission, my alma mater. go blue. more advice from a man who means a lot to me and other young doctors as well. d a choice. take advil now and maybe up to four in a day. or choose aleve and two pills for a day free of pain. way to go, coach. ♪ [ music plays, record skips ] hi, i'm new ensure clear. clear, huh? my nutritional standards are high. i'm not juice or fancy water, i'm different. i've got nine grams of protein. twist my lid. that's three times more than me! twenty-one vitamins and minerals and zero fat! hmmm. you'll bring a lot to the party. [ all ] yay! [ female announcer ] new ensure clear. nine grams protein. zero fat. twenty-one vitamins and minerals. in blueberry/pomegranate and peach. refreshing nutrition in charge!

it's graduation season, as you probably know. about 18,000 new doctors are entering the real world this spring. in case you're curious about this, i was, new applications for medical school are actually on the rise. with all there's happening in medicine, many young people still want to be doctors. i applaud them. they're soon going to learn if they don't know already, they need to read one book in particular. it's a look at young doctors learning tough lessons about their new profession. i still have my original copy. it's called "the house of god" and it's kind thfer cult classic

in medicine. it's a satirical novel published by dr. steven bergman. at the time he used the name samuel shem. >> so a doctor decides to write a novel. this is something i think about a lot. it's something close to my heart. for people who have not read this or may not be in the medical profession, can you describe the book in a sentence? what do you tell people this book is about? >> this book is about a group of guys, young idealistic young doctors, going through a year that disappoints them and they're saying ways that medicine should not be practiced and it's doing things to them that are not good. and each of them through the course of this horror gets isolated from each other, and each of them gets isolated from their authentic experience of the system itself, it's a catch-22. you start to think i'm crazy for thinking this is crazy. >> and it's so consume aing for them. you brought a little bit.

>> this is a true story. this is one of the interns called the runt. the rubt was having a hard time. as he sat down to lunch he took out a pill box, put a pill on his hamburger and munched it down. when i asked what it was, he said valium. does valium help, i ask? makes me feel sleepy but i feel pretty unflappable. i'm writing orders for it for all my patients. you're putting all of them on val valium, too 12? in the middle of all this trouble with the yellow man this guy comes into emergency and i couldn't handle it. i offered him $5 if he'd go home. he took it and left. true story. >> how much of this was autobiographical? >> well, as you know, fiction is weird. people ask me who the greatest character in the book is, the fat man. i say there really wasn't a fat

man. it was mostly actually me. i started to act like that. but on the other hand, the narrator in the book is also me. >> you spent a significant amount of time since then obviously writing a lot of other books. i read another one recently called "the spirit of the place." >> good for you. >> it's about a primary care doctor who in some ways is coerced into come back to the town in which he grew up. >> a novelist is in a great position. if you can't do it in real life, you can do it in fiction. >> you can play out the life you want. >> you can play out your worst and best fantasies. i grew up in a small town in new york state, hudson, new york. wasn't too pleasant an experience in some ways, but there was one guy in the town who was absolutely essential to my development all the way up until i left for college, and he was an old roly-poly cigarette smoking general practitioner doctors.

i wanted to go back to that town and join him in practice. i didn't do it, but i thought i'll do it in imagination. this is an meteorologiimagine y autobiography. he's a central character. >> dr. steven bergman there, sam shem. coming up, there's something you really want to hear. a lot of people are interested in this. a prove way to eat more and to also weigh less. first, we want to give you a little story this weekend about healing after a teenager's unthinkable accident. >> at "x" circle left 20 meters. >> riding horses has been her passion since she was 4 years old. first came lessons, then shows. she even worked at a barn, but two years ago all that came to a screeching halt for 16-year-old crystal. >> i was getting a shower. i felt some muscle cramps in my midback. >> she got out, got dressed. >> i felt a sharp explosion of pain.

>> by the time she aride at the hospital, she couldn't walk. the cause, a ruptured disk in her spine. >> they told me that i had a bruised spinal cord and that i was a paraplegic from the waist down. >> crystal had congenital stenosis. it's a narrowing of the spinal canal that encases the spinal cord. after surgery she was transferred to the international center for spinal cord injury at kennedy krueger institute in baltimore. >> it is very, very, very intensive therapy for at least two hours twice a day every day. >> she pushed herself hard, determined to walk again and get back on a horse. >> all i wanted was to get back to my normal life. i didn't want to sit and mope. >> seven months after leaving kennedy krueger she was competing in horse shows again. horseback riding mimics the natural movement of the limbs and it helps with flexibility, balance, muscle strength. it enhances the exercises she

was already doing at the hospital and at home. doctors call her recovery remarkable. she's regained movement in her hips and knees and sensation has returned to her legs. for now crystal can walk, up to 300 feet with the help of leg braces and a walker. >> eventually i do want to walk again, and i can see that mentally as a realistic goal. ♪ if loving you is wrong ♪ i don't wanna be right [ record scratch ] what?! it's not bad for you. it just tastes that way. [ female announcer ] honey nut cheerios cereal -- heart-healthy, whole grain oats. you can't go wrong loving it. heart-healthy, whole grain oats. and on small business saturday bothey remind a nations of the benefits of shopping small. on just one day, 100 million of us joined a movement... and main street found its might again.

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we got a good one for "chasing life" today. it's about choosing woods with higher water content. you can increase the volume of what you eat while lowering the calories you consume. who doesn't want that? people trying to lose weight often tell me they feel deprived

because they're cutting their portions short. you won't feel deprived if you simply practice this. it's known as volume metrics. it will help you feel full on fewer calories. this normal hamburger, about 600 calories. if you don't get the fries or chips you are saving calories but you won't feel satisfied. cut the hamburger in half and add this other food. a big salad, a big portion of watermelon. the total of this, 400 calories a and guaranteed full stomach. if the only thing you change in your life is this, is to reduce this meal by 200 calories like we just did pretty simply, you would loose a pound a week and you would still feel full. got a busy week coming