i am don lemon at the cnn world headquarters in atlanta. have yourself a good night and a great week. thanks for watching. see you back here next weekend. welcome to global lessons, the gps road map for powering america. i'm fareed zakaria. at a recent talk at the t.e.d. conference, bill gates let us in on a secret. if he could have anything, this is what the world's richest man wants, an energy source that is cheaper than coal and has zero carbon dioxide emissions. he said this would improve the prospects for the human race more than any breakthrough he could imagine. why does gates think that? it's because he knows that the world is going to consume lots more energy in the years ahead.

for example, in the next decade the number of cars on the road will double from 1 billion to 2 billion. overall, we'll consume 50% more energy. why? well, americans and our suvs are partly to blame, but really it's about the rise of the rest. the world will add 1 billion people over the next two decades. if these people in fast-growing countries like china and india have dreams like the american dream, houses, cars, tvs, big macs, then as "the new york times" columnist tom freedman says, we will need another planet. today we power our lives with fossil fewells, oil, coal, and natural gas provide 80% of our energy. but do we have enough energy to keep growing at this pace? and are we harming the ecosystem in which we live? already sea levels are rising, the arctic ice caps are melting,

and scientists' protections about climate change are becoming more alarming. that's why bill gates makes his wish for an energy that is cheap and clean. in this hour and in a "time" magazine essay, we're going to see who is doing best at energy production around the world. we'll look at technologies of the future and best practices of today. we'll go to a country that gets 75% of its electricity from a source that emits zero carbon dioxide, and we will explore a new energy technology that's cheap, cleaner than coal, and right in our own backyard. but first, i'll take to you a country that was almost completely dependent on energy from the middle east 40 years ago. now this nation is totally energy independent. how did they do it? let's find out.

in 1973 denmark was in big trouble. the yom kippur war led to an oil embargo, and the danes were 99% dependent on foreign energy, much of it from the middle east. so they banned driving on sundays and told people to turn off their lights. in america as well, the 1970s brought a sense of crisis. >> i am tonight setting a clear goal for the energy policy of the united states. >> president jimmy carter encouraged conservation and installed solar panels on the roof of the white house. but those panels eventually came down and our resolve to go green faded. meanwhile, denmark doubled down on green energy and now incredibly, they are completely energy independent. they were helped greatly after discovering oil and gas in the north sea. >> they looked at that crisis

and said never again. >> tom freedman of the "new york times," author of "that used to be us," tells the story of denmark in "hot, flat, and crowded" his book about going green. what was the striking thing about denmark? >> little denmark had produced a whole set of export industries around clean, renewable energy. >> after the oil crisis, the danish government subsidized renewable energy and levied big taxes on energy use and fossil fewells. gasoline costs about $8 a gallon these days. did all of that kill economic growth? no. since 1973 denmark's economy has slightly outpaced the economies that now make up the eurozone. >> what you get is enormous innovation because all your industries produce renewable energy that can sell in their marketplace at a decent price, and once they do it for little denmark, they discover, they

look around the world and say, wow, we can kill it in america, kill it in china, and that's why two of the biggest energy companies in the world for wind and biofuels are danish. >> one danish powerhouse is vestus. builder of almost one-fifth of the world's wind turbine capacity, and employer of roughly 19,000 people worldwide. vestas produced green jobs before they were trendy. >> we learned that energy dependence is something you should take very, very seriously. >> vestas' ceo notes that the danes get almost 30% of their electricity from the wind. more than any other developed nation. by 2020 they pledge to get half of their electricity from wind power. and by 2050 they promise to be completely fossil fuel free. >> it's not about what is possible from a technological

point of view. it is all down to leadership and determination. >> sanso is a sign of what's possible. it's a sleepy island between the north sea and the bat tick sea where you might see as many cows as people, but don't let the rustic setting fool you. samso is on the cutting edge of energy efficiency. all of its electricity comes from the wind, and overall samso actually has a negative carbon footprint. farmers are clean energy entrepreneurs owning shares of the island's wind turbines. >> the wind turbines on the sea, they produce 80 million kilowatts together. so i think that's nearly the biggest export we have from the island, that's electricity.

>> he says the u.s. could be a wind powerhouse, too. think of those windy prayeries in the great plains. >> when i discover that these resources are not being harvested, i really get amazed because to me that would be like going, for instance, to saudi arabia and not drill for oil. >> but despite its potential, the concept of wind power isn't blowing everyone away. >> fundamentally wind is still more expensive. >> denmark's bjorn lund burg says that the dane's energy prices are the highest in the world. he also points out that vestas has run into trouble. it plans to cut number 4,000 jobs in 2012, including one-fifth of its u.s. workforce and wind power overall, he points out, is still more expensive than the cheapest fossil fuels. >> as long as it's not competitive, i still think we should say let's invest more in getting the next generations of wind turbines to be cheaper

rather than putting up lots and lots of them that we know are inefficient right now. >> but people say the only way you get the cost curve down is deploying large amentsz of existing tech nothing in scale. >> it's still more expensive even after we produce lots of it. >> another big challenge, storing wind power. to use when the wind isn't blowing. in fact, all of the world's current battery capacity can store only ten minutes' worth of the world's annual energy demand according to bill gates. one idea, take the excess energy that you can't store from the wind turbines and use it to charge the batteries for electric cars. one company called better place already has charging stations all over denmark connected to the grid where you can swap out

your dead battery for a live one in just minutes. but with few electric cars on the road, that solution may take a while. wind power can be intermittent, more expensive than fossil fuels, and requires a big commitment. next, we'll look at another kor bon-free technology with truly remarkable potential. carbon-fre truly remarkable potential. [ male announcer ] citi turns 200 this year. in that time there've been some good days. and some difficult ones. but, through it all, we've persevered, supporting some of the biggest ideas in modern history. so why should our anniversary matter to you? because for 200 years, we've been helping ideas move from ambition to achievement.

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[ male announcer ] glucerna hunger smart. a smart way to help manage hunger and diabetes. take a look at the timer on your screen. when it reaches zero in 14.5 seconds, the sun will have emitted enough energy to power the earth for an entire day. here is another way to look at

it. we could power the entire world if we covered less than 3% of the sahara desert with solar panels. the power of the sun is truly remarkable, and surprisingly no country is better at harnessing that power than a cloudy and cold land, germany. how did that happen? we went there to shed some light on the subject. may 25, 2012, was a historic day for germany and for the entire planet. at midday solar panels in germany set a world record supplying one-third of the nation's electricity demand. germany is certainly not known for its sunshine, yet the nation boasts one-third of the entire world's solar capacity. >> there's no other country in the world that comes anywhere close to that level. >> dr. thomas kanipe is a vice

president at sen tris solar, one of the germany's leading solar companies. he says the nation's attitude towards energy was profoundly changed by the soviet union's nuclear power plant meltdown the at chernobyl which directly affected many germans. >> i remember i was 15 years old running my bike as fast as i could back home because there was a cloud coming and everyone told you, don't get in the rain because there were toxic particles in it. >> in the wake of the disaster, germany's environmental movement blossomed with political groups like the green party gaining momentum. >> the green party and the major parties, the conservative and democratic took on environmental issues in their program. >> one of the key measures parliament passed was the so-called feed in tariff. if you're a german homeowner with solar panels, you can feed your energy back into the grid and your power company is required to pay you for that

energy for 20 years. was it after the feed in tariffs were enacted that solar really took off in germany? >> yes, yes. germans are no saints. they don't install solar system just for saving the world. they install you because they give you a nis return on investment. >> since 2000, solar installations in germany have jumped over 600 fold providing a boon for the solar industry. and even for some suburban families. families like this family who live outside of berlin. the father gets about $3,000 every year for the energy that his rooftop panels feed back into the grid. in seven years he will have made enough money to cover the cost of buying the panels. after that it's all profit. >> we will make a profit, but that's not the main reason. the main reason is that we are independent in the future from

all this huge energy companies. >> as solar has become more and more popular in germany, the cost has plummeted and worldwide it's the same story. >> over the last 20 years with every doubling of capacity installed, the cost of solar has gone down 20%. and that has accelerated over the last two years. >> solar panels also have the advantage that you can put them where the energy is needed say in a new town or a remote factory without having to lay power lines. but solar energy has its critics. >> germany's definitely leading, but it's not something they should be boastful about. >> bjorn lundburg and other critics point out that solar energy still provides only 5% of germany's electricity and less than 1% of its total energy. remember that world record day i told you about? that was a very sunny day.

what's more, solar subsidies are blamed for driving up energy costs for nonsolar customers. >> the problem here is in order to do all these things, you need subsidies, you need taxes, and people look at that and say this is just going to produce lots of distortions and inefficiencies. >> they're absolutely right. let's get rid of all of them, the oil depletion allowance, all the subsidies for coal and nuclear and then let everybody compete. >> still, even in green-friendly germany, so lar subsidies have caused a political backlash. the main solar subsidy is being gradually phased out but managel merkel's government made an unscheduled cut of roughly 30% last spring. some german solar companies have run into trouble in recent years filing for bankruptcy. >> right now we have a consolidation phase in the industry. quite frankly, there is not a single company that is making decent profits right now. >> one reason, chinese solar

companies are oversupplying the market with cheaper panels helped by their own government subsidies, and even some of them are taking big losses. >> china has made solar energy so cheap, as cheap as tennis shoe s and undershirts. germany is using so much more solar energy but it may not be german company that are benefitting from it 37. >> the potential for solar energy is huge but it is still expensive, limited in scale, and like wind, you still need some way to store it when the sun isn't shining. what about nuclear power? doesn't it solve all these problems? next, we'll visit a country that gets 75% of its electricity from nuclear. and it's never had a major accident.

we've looked at wind and solar energy. well, what happens when the wind stops blowing and the sun stops shining? one country with minimal access to natural resources turned to nuclear energy before the 1973 oil crisis awakened world. today france generates 75% of

its electricity by splitting apart atoms and it's no coincidence that france has cheap electricity, and as you will see, the french are apparently so thoughtful they even recycle their nuclear waste. on august 6th, 1945, the world was changed by little boy. that was the code name for the first ever atomic weapon dropped on hiroshima and killing in the end more than 100,000 people. out of this terrible tragedy, an industry strung up, one that has been surrounded in mystery and conflict. >> around nuclear is ideology, i would say even religions, and there is a feeling that there is few people which are dealing with the life of the humanity. >> the head of generation and engineering for electricity de

france, the state-owned utility company. thanks to nuclear energy, france makes $3 billioner year as the world's largest net exporter of electricity. >> the only mass way of producing electricity, whatever the season, the time, the hour in the world without producing co2 is nuclear. there is no other way. >> here in a traditional french down on the normandy coast, nuclear energy seems to be a part of life. that's just the way things are says this retired roofer. >> translator: there are people who don't like it. it doesn't bother me. it's great. without them here, we'd be dead. >> dead because the nuclear sector is the biggest employer here. this may be old france, but they also represent the future for french nuclear power.

this is the site for the epr, the european pressurized reactor. a third generation reactor that edf says will be more powerful and safer than old models. >> we included a lot of new devices, which came from feedback experience from three mile island accident, chernobyl accident, even now we include new devices to answer the few she ma accident. >> but the construction of this refog reactor is running four years behind schedule and is set to cost almost twice its original budget, and contrary to popular opinion, it is that cost problem, not safety, that is at the heart of the nuclear issue says "new york times" cloumist tom friedman. >> there are a lot of people in the clean energy business who look at nuclear with a lot of suspicion. if you want to build a one gig

watt nuclear plant it's at least a $10 billion proposition. that's really why it hasn't gone ahead. that said, i don't see how we get to scale without a nuclear component in our energy mix, and i think it can be done cleanly and safely so i am not an opponent of nuclear energy. >> the day-to-day operating costs are low and the french have streamlined up front costs by using just seven design models to build their entire 58 reactor fleet. >> the key of the cost in industry is standardization. the edf program has been built at half the cost of the german one and a third of the cost of the japanese one because of the industrial model. >> the u.s. has historically used several plant designs but we have started to startize and whereas we store our nuclear waste, france recycles it. >> i'm authorized to go inside.

>> caroline works for state owned nuclear giant areva. once the spent fuel arrives, it is unloaded and cooled. >> this fuel has been cooled inside a cooling bath and then put inside a basket. >> all of france's used fuel ends up in pools like this. >> what you see here are the baskets where the spent fuel is stored. in the spent fuel 96% of the material is repsychable. >> about 17% of france's electricity comes from reused nuclear fuel. before she can get to the storage facility where the nonrepsychablely parts of the fuel are, she passes through a radiation contamination check. >> it says that we had 0.1 microsieverts. >> having only absorbed 1/500th

the amount of radiation of a transatlantic flight, she makes it to the storage hall. >> under my both feet here i have the equivalent quantity of what is left after one year of production of nuclear power plant. >> i wish we didn't have to have nuclear. in an ideal world i would love to replace it with full renewals. i worry if we shut it down, what would happen on the price side? >> but shutting down is exactly what the new french administration has talked about doing. the socialist president francois hollande has promised to reduce their safe of nuclear from 75% to 50%. so far only one of france's reactors is set to be decommission decommissioned. nuclear energy accounts for 20% of america's energy production.

if there's a future for nuclear, it will look more like the french model and there are promising new technologies that might do much better than the french model with regard to safety, cost, and waste. but they're still on the drawing board. coming up next, we'll explore what is the biggest energy revolution right now, and it's happening right here at home. we'll be right back. capella university understands rough economic times have led to an increase in clinical depression. drug and alcohol abuse is up. and those dealing with grief don't have access to the professional help they need. when you see these issues, do you want to walk away or step up? with a degree in the field of counseling or psychology from capella university, you'll have the knowledge to make a difference in the lives of others. let's get started at capella.edu

and his new boss told him two things -- cook what you love, and save your money. joe doesn't know it yet, but he'll work his way up from busser to waiter to chef before opening a restaurant specializing in fish and game from the great northwest. he'll start investing early, he'll find some good people to help guide him, and he'll set money aside from his first day of work to his last, which isn't rocket science. it's just common sense. from td ameritrade.

we've traveled the world to see how other countries have focused on wind, solar, and nuclear power. currently all those forms of energy have upsides and downsides. but what if we could innovate our way to a more effective energy technology right here at home? we may already have done that. down in louisiana off the gulf of mexico something strange is happening. a few years ago as american natural gas supplies were dwindling, a company built a

facility to import liquid natural gas from other countries. now, just a few years later, it's converting the facility to export gas. so you build this terminal to import liquid natural gas. >> yes. >> a funny thing happens in the next couple years. >> well, it wasn't so funny. >> it wasn't funny for the ceo of cheniere energy because his company almost went bankrupt. the low levels of natural gas production in america suddenly gave way to a boom thanks to shale gas. how big is the shale gas revolution in america? >> it's stupefyingly large. >> shale gas is a form of natural gas extracted from shale rock deep underground through a special drilling process called hydraulic fracturing or fracking. in 2000 shale gas accounted for

only 2% of all natural gas. in 2012, it accounts for 32%. that's because america happens to be the saudi arabia of shale gas with big shale deposits over much of the country. and here is the kicker, when you burn natural gas to produce energy, it emits roughly half as much greenhouse gas as coal. >> natural gas is the perfect complement to wind and solar. not only does it emit half as much co2 as coal, but you can just turn it on and off when the sun goes down or the wind stops blowing to make tremendous inroads in reducing our carbon emissions. >> in fact, we already have reduced emissions. in 2011 greenhouse gas emissions in the u.s. were 9% lower than 2007 levels. one reason was that demand for transportation fuel was down, but another major cause

according to the government was our switch from coal to natural gas. in 2000 natural gas accounted for only 22% of the electricity we get from fossil fuels. compared to 73% for coal. through july of 2012, it accounted for 46% and coal was down to 53%. that dramatic switch didn't happen because of our suddenly greener outlook on life. a main reason it happened is because natural gas now costs about the same as coal. >> fracking shows us if we get the price below for instance coal, everyone will adopt it. you will get a dramatic shift, you will get reduction in co2 emissions because it's a greener alternative, and you will get cheaper prices. >> but there are definitely some downsides to shale gas and plenty of controversy. here is how fracking works.

millions of gallons of water mixed with sand and chemicals is shot down a well as deep as 10,000 feet below ground. the water hits the shale with a lot of pressure causing it to fracture and release natural gas back up the well. >> what you do with that water afterwards is very important. can you treat it, clean it again, and reuse it? do you just leave it in pools lying around. do you inject it into the ground in ways that could cause earthquakes which is a real problem or seep into aquifers? >> another challenge, containing gas leaks during the extraction proce process, especially methane. the oscar nominated documentary gas land famously portrayed how leaked natural gas cause peoples water supplies to become flappable. many of these allegations have been contested. sometimes the gas that has ended up in people's water pipes comes from wells that they drilled in

their backyards, not from fracking. but thee pa is working on a comprehensive study of fracking as it should. this is an industry that needs regulation. >> i think it's very important we get a grand bargain between the environmental community and the natural gas industry that says we're going to do this right. if i turn on my tap and a flame comes out, you know, or i got natural gas coming up my toilet, i'm telling you, they will shut this industry down. >> that would be a shame for our economy. shale gas is cheap energy and cheap energy fuels growth. from lowering our heating bills to cutting the cost of shipping and making things. price water house cooper says that the shale gas boom could spark a manufacturing renaissance creating 1 million manufacturing jobs by 2025. and think about how cheap natural gas could lower carbon emissions in china and india

where they are building four coal-fired power plants a week with disastrous environmental effects, not to mention the thousands of people who die because of coal mining. >> what really matters is what china and india does and they want more energy and they want it cheaper. so what we have to make sure is that we focus on innovation to make green energy sources so cheap they will switch. we have shown the way through the fracking of gas. but we still need to move further. we need to make green energy, solar panels, wind turbines even cheaper. once they become cheaper than fossil fuels, everyone will buy them. >> once they have their natural gas terminal up and running, they will be able to move energy to china and india for a good profit and create jobs here at home. we have shown you many different approaches to energy in this hour but we're saving the best for last. next, we'll show you what is arguably the greenest, safest,

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[ male announcer ] glucerna hunger smart. a smart way to help manage hunger and diabetes. here is what's happening now. the main suspect in a mass shooting on sunday is dead. police in brookfield, wisconsin, say this man, radcliffe haughton, was found dead at the scene and he appeared to have killed himself. a full-service spa outside milwaukee. witnesses say the gunman walked

inside at opening time and shot seven people. three of them died. a terror plot called 9/11 2 has been disrupted by jordan's intelligence department. a source tells cnn the u.s. embassy in amman appeared to be among the targets. jordan's government spokesman says 11 suspects associated with al qaeda's ideology are in custody. the name 9/11 2 suggests the plot was set for november 9th, which is the seventh anniversary of the last al qaeda attack in jordan. a newly released picture of former cuban leader fidel castro may put some rumors to rest. the photo of castro was said to have been taken in havana on saturday. the 86-year-old castro looks relaxed and well. speculation has been surging in recent weeks about his health, most of it came after castro failed to publicly congratulate his closest ally hugo chavez on his election victory. those are your headlines this hour.

i'm don lemon keeping you informed. cnn, the most trusted name in news. we've explored a number of ways to create cheaper, greener energy. but experts often cite a fifth fuel as being just as important, efficiency. what if we could get more mileage, more bang for our buck for every kilowatt of energy we used? one man shows us how we can save energy and money all from his banana farm. welcome to the jungle. but we're not in the tropics, we're more than 1,000 miles north in the rocky mountains of western colorado. >> we have a tropical jungle in the middle that's just hatched its 43rd banana crop, avocado.

>> here near aspen physicist and environmentalist emery levins cure rates tropical flora and fauna. >> there's another passive solar turtle. >> this is a sort of greenhouse that acts as a furnace for the 4,200 square foot home. it lets light in, stores heat, and captures seven kinds of energy. >> heat, light, hot water, hot air, photosynthesis and the pure disspilled water and the energy it took to evaporate it. >> there's no heating system in the house and yet crops sprout here even during the winter solstice. >> it's really fun to sit here while it's blizzarding outside and munch your tropical frul and realize you're not burning any remains of prime evil swamp goo.

>> the house runs on solar power during the day. he sells back any excess to the grid. purchased wind power fuels the house at night and fully charged batteries serve as backup in case the grid goes down. >> collecting hot water. >> he knows that most people won't build homes like his. >> runs on ambient light. but he insists we can start to save the earth and save money just by being a little more efficient in our energy use. >> the u.s. could get completely off oil and coal by 2050 with a 2.6 full bigger economy and eliminate nuclear energy and use a third less natural gas, $5 trillion cheaper than business as usual, not counting any hidden costs like carbon emissions. >> in reinventing fire, he and the rocky mountain institute, his self-described think and do tank, lay out a blueprint for how the u.s. can achieve that goal. and he says there is no need for

government intervention because businesses would lead the effort and profit from doing it. >> we found this would require no new inventions and no act of congress because it could be led by business for profit, the $5 trillion on the table is ample inducement. >> for example, we can save money by putting our gas guzzlers on a diet. >> over the past quarter century they've gained weight twice as fast as we have. two-thirds of the energy it takes to move a typical car is caused by its weight. >> trains, planes, and automobiles burn over 13 million barrels of oil every day in the united states. and we spend over $1 billion per day buying that oil, almost half of which comes from foreign countries, some of whom are considered national security problems. >> weaning ourselves off oil saves about $4 trillion net

present value in the united states alone. that money then stays at home. >> so he reasoned, what if we wasted less fuel getting gas to the wheels? and he designed the hypercar which could weigh about two-thirds less than a normal car and could run up to an astonishing 240 miles per gallon. it will be made of carbon fiber parts like this one. >> so here is my carbon cap. it's just a little piece of carbon fiber composite. >> he has this carbon fiber cap he shows us. he took a pledge hammer to it, why? >> i wanted to see if it could hold up to a car accident. >> "new york times" columnist tom friedman's attempts to demolish the parts were unsuccessful, and lovins believes carbon fiber is durable and light enough to revolutionize the auto industry. fiber forge, a for-profit

spinoff of the rocky mountain institute -- >> this is a lightweight seat frame we worked on. >> is taking that bet manufacturing the type of carbon fiber parts. >> these materials absorb more energy than aluminum or steel. so your cars not only will be lighter, they also will be safer. >> if hypercars sounds like science fiction to you, volkswagen and bmw will started producing their versions of hypercars next year. and it's not just cars. buildings can get a lot more energy efficient, too. if america's 120 million buildings were a country, they would use more energy than every country in the world except for the united states and china. a lot of that comes from densely populated cities like new york where lovins helped retrofit the empire state building. >> we were able to get the 6,514 windows remanufactured on site

into super windows that let light through but block heat and then combining that with better lights and office equipment and so on, cut the maximum cooling load by a third. >> and all that energy savings also saved over $17 million. so no matter what your values are, he argues, energy efficiency is simply a good deal. >> whether you care most about profits and jobs or about national security, you don't need to believe the climate science, let's just focus on outcomes, not motives, and then we can turn gridlock and conflict into a unifying solution to our energy challenge. >> we can't all turn our living rooms into tropical oasises but we can turn his ideas into public mandates. big business can make big profits. afterall, saving energy saves

money that goes straight to the bottom line. consider the impact just two steps could have. one, move over to energy efficient bulbs and appliances. a 1.8% reduction in our residential electricity use can save american households $3 billion annually according to the environmental defense fund. two, maximize energy efficiency in the industrial sector, a 2009 mckenzie and company report says that an upfront investment of $113 billion would unlock savings of $442 billion between 2009 and 2020. overall, mckenzie estimates that the united states can save more than $130 billion annually and $1.2 trillion by 2020 just by maximizing efficiency. up next, more of my thoughts on the whole energy debate.

imimagaginine e ifif y yod alalwawaysys s seeee l e [m[mususicic]] inin t thehe b besest t lil. eveverery y titimeme o of f. ououtdtdoooorsrs, , oro. trtranansisititiononss® ls auautotomamatiticacalllly y fift ththe e ririghght t amamouountn. soso y youou s seeee e eveg ththe e waway y itit is memeanant t toto b be e ses. mamaybybe e evevenen a lilittttlele b betette. exexpeperirienencece l lifife e, asask k fofor r trtrananss adadapaptitiveve l lene. that was me... the day i learned i had to start insulin for my type 2 diabetes. me... thinking my only option was the vial and syringe dad used. and me... discovering once-daily levemir® flexpen. flexpen® is prefilled. doesn't need refrigeration for up to 42 days. no drawing from a vial.

dial the exact dose. inject by pushing a button. flexpen® is insulin delivery... my way. levemir® (insulin detemir [rdna origin] injection) is a long-acting insulin up next, more of my thoughts on with diabetes and is not recommended to treat diabetic ketoacidosis. do not use levemir® if you are allergic to any of its ingredients. the most common side effect is low blood sugar which may cause symptoms such as sweating, shakiness, confusion, and headache. severe low blood sugar can be serious and life threatening. ask your healthcare provider about alcohol use, operating machinery, or driving. other possible side effects include injection site reactions. tell your healthcare provider about all medicines you take and all of your medical conditions. get medical help right away if you experience serious allergic reactions, such as body rash, trouble with breathing, fast heartbeat, or sweating. with flexpen®... say good night to vial and syringe. ask your doctor about levemir® flexpen. covered by 90% of insurance plans, including medicare. find your co-pay at myflexpen.com.

we cannot live without

energy. it is what makes the modern world possible. for most of history our only energy source was our labor and that of animals. that isn't enough. one example, a car uses the energy equivalent of the labor of 2,000 humans. another is a jet plane. it uses the energy equivalent of 700,000 humans. so the first thing to admit is that we need lots of energy. the second is to realize that for the foreseeable future we will be dependent on fossil fuels. in 2010 the u.s. got 83% of its energy from fossil fuels. in 2035, despite great increases in efficiency, the u.s. government says we will still get 77% of our energy from fossil fuels. that leads to a few conclusions. we need more renewable energy.

today renewable energy gives us 10% of our electricity. by 2035 that will rise to 16%. we should try to move towards it faster. but even if we were to succeed, we would still need to use fossil fuels for the majority of our energy needs. governments around the world, including the united states, have provided enormous help to the fossil fuel industry. in many ways from building out the infrastructure that it uses to protecting our supplies of oil from the middle east. even fracking, by the way, was developed with the help of the department of energy. so it is perfectly sensible to say that governments should provide some support to the technologies of the future as well. that support should mainly go towards research that would lead to technological breakthroughs, but we should also help these nascent industries, wind and solar, to achieve scale just as we helped the computer industry in the 1950s and 1960s.

but having done all that, it is clear we will still need fossil fuels for the majority of our energy for decades to come. that means choosing among them. and when natural gas replaces coal, you end up with a win/win. it is cost competitive and it emits half the carbon dioxide emissions of coal. the conversation about fracking cannot take place without considering what would happen if we did not get that energy from shale gas. we would get it from coal, which is the dirtiest fossil fuel in existence. we were all expecting a technological revolution in energy now, and we got one, but not in renewables yet. rather, in the extraction of hydrocarbons. it allows us to extract mountains of natural gas. fracking should be studied carefully. it needs regulation, but we should also recognize that this

might be the bridge fuel to our eventual goal, cheap energy with zero emissions. finally, there is one area where we really should all be able to agree. energy efficiency. it's a no-brainer. it saves money, and it involves no real sacrifice. when you go to a hotel in europe, chances are that as you leave the room and take the hotel key out of its slot, the lights will go out. why can't we standardize that practice everywhere? an energy revolution would be great for the environment, but it would also be great for economic growth. energy permeates every aspect of our lives, even more so than something like information technology, and you can see what a huge impact the information revolution has had on economic growth. an energy revolution would be the next big thing we've all been looking for. you can read more of my thoughts in a "time"