tv Fareed Zakaria GPS CNN April 28, 2013 7:00am-8:01am PDT
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find out the surprising family connection. if you missed any part of today's show, find us on itunes. fareed zakaria, "gps" is next. this is "gps global public square." welcome to all of you in the united states and around the world. i'm fareed zakaria. today we'll ask how to handle terrorism post-boston. start with the former director of cia and national security agency michael haden. how to stop the lone, self-radicalized terrorists. next, we'll take you halfway around the world to chechnya to delve into the chechen connection. how does someone get radicalized? i'll ask the director of a terrific and timely new movie "the reluctant fundamentalist." and we'll talk to google's executive chairman eric schmidt about technology and terrorism,
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as well as other things. finally, why the world can't get enough of ben franklin. i'll explain. but, first, here's my take. as we learn more about the brothers tsarnaev, we want to ask larger questions about radical islam, muslim communities and the break down. what do they tell us about all this? the most accurate answer might turn out to be, not much. larger phenomenon might be at work. but they might not reflect intensification of these trends. seems like they are two alienated young men who turn to hate and then eventually to murder. that was the point the brother's uncle made when he pointedly called his nephews losers. he was arguing against the notion that the boys' represented a larger community or larger trend. him and his family were part of
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the same chechen migration to the u.s. and law-abiding and thoroughly american. has claimed about two dozen lives in the united states. during that same period, more than 100,000 people had been killed in gun homicides and more than 400,000 in motor vehicle accidents in america. one crucial reason the number of terrorism deaths is low is that america does not have large pools of alienated immigrants. polls have repeatedly shown that muslim imfronts to the united states embrace core american values. a simulation continues to function well. now, could it do better? well, there's one surprising place that the u.s. could learn something from. europe. i know, i know, a simulation has worked much better in the united states than there, but let's acknowledge that european countries are dealing with a much larger problem. muslims make up 5% of the
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population in germany, 7.5% in france and 0.8% in the united states, according to pew calculati calculations. ya jonathan lawrence found that before 1990, european countries were largely indifferent towards their muslim populations, letting foreign embassies like saudi arabia set up the mosques for these groups. they realized this produced a radicalized migrant community. so, now, in recent years, governments at all levels are engaging with muslim communities, taking steps to include muslims in main stream society. but also trying to nurture or modern european version of islam. it's worth noting islamic terrorism declined in europe in recent years. the lesson from europe appears to be engage in muslim communities. that's what u.s. agencies would confirm. the better the relationship, the more likely those groups are to
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provide useful information about potential jihadis. a recent attack in canada, apparently inspired, but perhaps also directed by al qaeda, was foiled for just this reason. a m one noticed that he was behaving strangely. police followed up and arrested the man before he could execute his plan. before briefing reporters on their collaboration, canada's top counterterrorism official invited toronto's islamic leaders to a meeting and thanked them for their help. but for the muslim communities intervention, we may not have had the success, said the official, according to one lawyer who was at the meeting. in the wake of boston, the smartest move we could do would be greater outreach to these communities so that the next time someone begins to act strangely, community leaders pick up the phone and call their friends at the police. for more on this, you can read my column in "the washington
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post" go to our website cnn.com/fareed for a link. let's get started. is it possible to stop self-radicalized terrorists who are here in america legally. joining me now a man who should know. michael hayden led the national security agency. welcome back to the show. >> thanks, fareed. >> watching boston. what did you think? you look at these guys and no particular track record, one trip, maybe they had radical views, but had never done anything violent. >> which is a fairly large club. >> which is a fairly large club. so, is there some system? should we be thinking of a way we could stop this in the future? >> here's why i choose to think about it, fareed. if you look at this attack. look at any attack, particularly looking in the rear view mirror
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as opposed to looking through the wind screen, you could judge that it could have been prevented. this was preventable, if. but let me also offer you the view that attacks of this nature are inevitable. this is like penalty kicks in soccer. no matter how good the goalie is, sooner than later the ball is going in the back of the net. i don't mean to be so dark for your viewers but they have to understand we're working in a part of the spectrum now that is well below what we experienced more than a decade ago. i mean, look, what happened in boston was a tragedy. truly a tragedy. but it wasn't a catastrophe. if we force our enemies to work in that band where from the outside looking in it's hard to tell whether this was a high-end crime or a low-end terrorist event. that's the pressure of our success preventing our enemy as from doing that which they want to do. the mass casualty attack against the iconic target.
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>> but suppose you have a few of these people and they get radicalized on the internet and they learn how to make this stuff through inspire magazine or lots of information on the internet outside of al qaeda site. is there something you can do? you ran national security agency and you can eavesdrop on conversations. what can you do? >> look, probably things you could do on the margin that reduced the odds of this a bit, but i've taken to describing our efforts out here like this and they're good enough now that those things that used to really frighteni frighten us, 9/11, very, very unlikely. now what do you have? you have boston, little raock. now, the question i ask the american public as an intelligence officer. what do you want me to do with my arm? i can push it down a bit. ianuy you marginally more
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safety, but at what cost? at what cost in your privacy? at what cost at your comfort? at what cost in your convenience? at what cost at your commerce? they'll respond to the public. they'll do what you tell them to do. but as a citizen, my judgment is that's about where we want it to be. if you push this down much further, we do what i said we haven't done today, which is we begin to change our dna as a free people. now, free the dark side of that is, as i said before, this is penalty kicks. this is going to happen. this is a level of risk that i'm very disappointed to say we're probably going to have to live with. >> when you look at the situation of the older brother going to chechnya, russidagesta
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anything done differently? >> you look back and even those sympathetic will say, i wonder if, could we have done that? but let me give you a couple factors. how many tips do you get in a week? the answer is, you get an awful lot. and, now, this one came apparently from the fsb, from the russian service. fareed, as you know, not all of them are terrorists and not many of them are dangerous to the united states. so, you've got that factor. and then the travel to dagestan probably wasn't the alerting thing to us. that it would have been had he gone where threats to the united states have been generated. so, we'll probably change our check lists and probably add a few questions to the fbi interviews. but, look, we'll let the facts take us where they will. but i'm reluctant to criticize the bureau or anyone else on
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this yet. >> when you look at the boston, what they were able to do, do you worry that with a little more skill, with a little more planning it could have been much worse? >> yes. no, i do. i mean, i'm not going to sit here and give tips to future terrorist bombers how they could have acted differently. but if they were better in their trade craft, this could have been a lot worse. >> do you think in order to do something big, you need to be able to track the money, in other words, what makes you f l feel -- >> the attacks up here really are complicated. they are slow moving and lots of threads. you've got to move people and things. you've got to get money. you've got to pass instructions. and, fareed, right now american intelligence is so much flooding that zone that we're pretty much grabbing most of those threads. and you start pulling one or another thread and pretty soon
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you've got the fur ball of the plot. >> do you worry, in the way that many politicians have, that the surviving terrorist was read his miranda rights and is going through a criminal process? >> the criminal process, i'm indifferent on. i am. i'm an intelligence officer and he's not eligible for military commissions, but i know we debate military commissions into article three courts. i don't care. i'm interested in the information. i want to question him in the most effective way to learn about this event and any other future events or perhaps any other plotters with whom they were connected. i was surprised that he was mirandized so quickly. apparently, based upon press reports, the people doing the interrogation were surprised, as well. he had the high value interrogation group that was formed at the beginning of the
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administration to do this very kind of thing. as they're going through with him talking fairly freely, a judge, assistant u.s. attorney come in and read him his miranda rights and he stopped talking. i'm not a lawyer, but from the outside looking in, i don't understand that. >> do you think that -- qwhen yu think about this going forward, is there something we should be doing in terms of, you know, letting visas, again, you get into this problem of risk reward. but, again, there have been cries about that. do you think there is some effective way to do anything? >> look, there are three quarters of a million people names in the t.i.d.e. database. person of interest file for counterterrorism here in the united states. would you feel better if we got a million in there? in fact, in fact, all right,
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prior to the christmas day bombing in 2009, the complaint, my old community cause fielding on almost a daily basis why are you interfering so much with commerce and travel? you have too many people on the no-fly list and then all of a sudden after the event, you should put more people on the no-fly list. there is a balance here. the immediate reaction after any event like boston is, you should have, you should have done more. but, coolly thinking about this, there are serious tradeoffs involved here. we did all this, fareed, for life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. you have to keep those things in balance all the time. and to go too far in one direction, inevitably, is at expense of the other virtus. >> michael hayden, pleasure to have you on. >> thanks, fareed. up next, the boston bomber's connection to chechnya. what is it and what does it
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caucasus. it has a bloodied and deadly history that dates back hundreds of years. what can we learn about the suspects by understanding their homeland? i have two terrific guests to talk about it. anne apaalbaum pultser prize winning columnist and journalist for "the washington post." and anatol lieve at king's college london. thank you, both, for joining me. >> thanks. >> anne, let me start with you. when people talk about chuechny, militant islam and it wasn't always like that and, really, the dominating factor about chechnya, as far as i can tell, for hundreds of years these people have been trying to get free of the russians. right? the chechens struggle for independence goes back to at least the middle of the 19th
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century. >> yes. wrote about the chechen wars of the 19th century. probably for chechens alive today, the most significant and most traumatic historic memory is that the deportation of the chechens. during the war stalin decided they're all traders and all of them, the entire nation, men, women and children were deported and taken out of their homes in chechnya from one day to the next and sent to different parts of central asia. that experience of deportation, of losing their homeland, left many embittered. they were allowed to return home only in the 1950s. >> anatol, you reported brilliantly for the times of london on the war. the chechens, once again, as they have several time over the last 200 years, tried to break free and declare their independence. the russian army comes in. what are the estimates, as a best as you can tell, of how
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many chechens the russian army killed over the last 25 years? >> well, if in russian soldiers and chechen fighters, then somewhere in the region of 100,000 would be a realistic estimate. >> and when you were watching this, did you find that the struggle, the chechen struggle for independence started out as essentially as a nationalist struggle but as the russians killed more and more chechens and as the region got plunged into war, it became more radicalized and became more islamized or was that element always very strong? >> well, i think what happened in chechnya was that resembled in many ways what has happened in other parts of the world, which is that a struggle for independence that began as a ethnic one was columnized by. as in afghanistan before and in other places, they brought with
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them both their radical theology but also wider agendas that went far beyond and good many of his men had fought previously as arab volunteers with the mujahide mujahideen. that element is there. >> and what is the nature of these societies? are they highly islamized and highly religious? >> historically as anatol said they're not highly islamicized and they're not acustomed to li living, women didn't traditionally cover themselves. you don't see that now. you see elements of it and part of the partisan movement and so on. although most people in those regions would be muslims, it would be, actually, fairly
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unusual to find most people very r radical or very islamized. even when you see photographs from there, you don't see that at all. >> finally, anne in your "washington post" column the tsarnaev brothers seem more like the london bombers. people who had come to western society, somehow didn't fit in and then lashed out. what do you think is the lesson you draw from that? what can we do? >> the london bombers and the madrid bombers and a number of other terrorism cases involve people second generation or even third generation immigrants who, for whatever reason, didn't fit in, weren't happy, didn't feel successful. it could be for many possible reasons. and returned home as the elder tsarnaev brother seems to have done and somehow reconnect would their homeland, which maybe they didn't even remember and were radicalized by that experience and brought some element of that
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radicalism back to europe. the europeans have tried to deal with this by finding better ways to deal with and to integrate muslims. we never had this problem in the united states, at least not on a large number, not on a large scale number, on a large scale sense. but the idea that you could radicalize yourself by returning to your homeland and becoming anti-western or anti-american, we have seen that pattern before and useful to look at what european countries have done to deal with it. >> thank you so much. up next, what in the world. as emerging markets rise, you might be forgiven for thinking poverty is declining around the world, but we actually did the math and the answers are not encouraging. i'll explain.
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now, for our what in the world segment. watching countries from around the world grow and prosper, we tend to assume that global poverty is falling. in fact, the world bank says that in 1981, nearly half the world's citizens were impositive rshed they lived on less than $1.25 a day and today half the
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world lives in poverty. that translates to a 4% drop. but when i dug deeper, i realized the picture is more murky. put simply, most of the reduction in global poverty has to do with one country, china. take it out of the equation and the numbers look very different. let's go back to 1981. back then china accounted for 43% of the world's poor. the other major contributors were south asia with 29% and subsuheron africa with 29%. fast forward a decade and you'll see it began to drop. the trend continues through the 2000s by 2010 china accounted for only 13% of the world's impoverished population. south africa's tripled. the world bank data showed the total number of impoverished
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chinese declined by 680 million people in the last three decades. that's about 95% of the total global decline. by registering double-digit growth for three decades, beijing has transformed within a generation. that's amazing, but it tells you that in the rest of the world, progress has been much, much slower, if there has been progress at all. there is a lesson here for other developing countries. take india, for example, new delhi made strides against poverty. the problem is those strides have only been a few steps ahead of population growth. look at the numbers. in 1941, 229 million lived in poverty. by 2010, the percentage of impositive rshed people dropped to 23% and the total number of -- you see india's population
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has expanded by 500 million. what is the answer ingrowth. in the 1960s and '70s india was stuck in a rut of slow growth with a meet yodiocre 2% growth n the 1990s new delhi scrapped much of the controls. by the mid-2000s india was growing around 9%. that dramatically reduced the number of people living in poverty. according to the pro-free market cato institute, india would today have fewer impoverished people, 175 million fewer. that's why india's recent drop in economic growth is alarming. those most affected would be the poor. africa is also changing, but for its poorest, changes still come
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slow. look at this graph. since 1981, poverty rates have been dropping steadily in both the developing world and the world as a whole, but in s subsuheron africa it has gotten worse. only recently began to turn the corner thanks in part to larger, faster economic growth. china deserves most of the credit and thanks to the communist party of china, we now know that the path to poverty is capitalist led growth. up next, how technology can detect terrorist. google executive chairman back from north korea and myanmar joins me.
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i'm candy crowley a in washington with a check of the headlines. in boston today, 28 people remain in area hospitals following the marathon bombings that also killed three people. 264 people were injured in the twin blasts. and the savin hill little league team opened saturday paying tribute to one of their players. martin richard who was killed during the bombings. a tupelo, mississippi, man charged with sending ricin-laced letters to president obama and
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mississippi senator wicker. charges come two days after prosecutors dropped charges against paul kevin curtis in the same case. curtis said he was framed. a roadside bomb killed three officers in afghanistan as they launched their spring offensive. the taliban spokesman says today was the first day of the new operation that will target foreign military bases and convoys, as well as attacks on police. the attacks will continue until foreign troops leave afghanistan. supreme court associate justice steven brieyer after a bicycle fall. he is expected to head home early this week, hopefully not on a bike. those are your top stories. "reliable sources" at the top of the hour. now back to "fareed zakaria
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gps." we're now piecing together how the bombers posted their thoughts on twitter and radicalized themselves over the internet. the internet disseminated their images within a few minutes, thus beginning the sequence of events that led to their capture. is technology something that is a help or a hindrance? i have a great person to answer that question. eric schmidt has a new book that explores this and other ideas. "the new digital age reshaping people." jared cohen is director of google ideas. thank you, guys. so, when you watch this, this boston episode, what did you think about the power of technology for -- this process of self-radicalizing on the
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internet is just fascinating where people no longer need a community and they no longer need a leader and they just kind of find all that information out there. >> look, this is a terrible thing in boston and, obviously, we don't want it to happen, again. good digital stories about it. the use of crowd sourcing of the photos and the fact that somebody left a cell phone that was helped to track and cause the shootout. et cetera. the fact of the matter is people have gotten bad information from books and so forth and now more readily available on the internet. overwhelmingly, the internet is used for a positive force and be used to catch these people. >> that's why the end of the day, eric, you say, look, we can look at the way people use the internet for bad reasons, but ultimately, it's a hopeful story, you think. >> one way to understand it, we're all going through a journey together. that goes through little knowledge to having everyone in the world be connected. that is overwhelmingly positive
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for medical care and education and safety and security and for commerce and for global expansion and for trade. for any of the things that we care about. it's overwhelmingly good. now, it also brings some bad people to the table that we didn't hear from before and we need to figure out a way to anticipate that and deal with them. but, overwhelmingly, people are good. 99.9% of the people's worlds are good. that's our solution. >> but it does connect and allow to network and leverage the power of very small groups. you actually talk about this in the group. how do you detect them? what do you do? >> first, the challenge of violent extremism is a very small, albeit loud minority group that occupies the attention of the world. but the good news in the future it is very hard to imagine a terrorist being able to operate in the caves of tora bora.
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the room for error goes up significantly. they leave a digital trail and mace mistakes and especially when they're on the run, hard to go through that checklist. we interviewed severalinal navy s.e.a.l.s for the book and professionally he had been very careful at throwing away cards and phones and disposing of them quickly, but a 45-minute conversation with his cousin in afghanistan to be thrilled going to his wedding. next thing he's caught. if they make a mistake the whole thing comes unraveled and you get their sim card and everyone they're working with. >> a reminiscence of memory and fact and it's very hard to escape that drag net, if you're a bad person. >> what are we going to do when the good guys might not be the goodnies. the people with the resources might have their own motives. i'm thinking of governments like russia and perhaps even china in
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some areas and, of course, north korea. you had a celebrated trip to north korea and i have to say your daughter's blog which we link to on our website. what did you draw from that experience in north korea? >> not all governments are in favor of citizen empowerment and free and open communication. and you can tell now. the ones that allow the internet in and allow political free speech and allow the expression of human valus and the different cultures, those are the countries you want to be part of. if you're stuck in a country that is authoritarian, you have a problem. the government is not in your interest. to convince them or at least try to get the idea of opening up a bit. what we found when we were there, aside from a sort of bizarre movie set that is the city in the way they all behaved was that, that the core thing that the north koreans don't want to do is allow their citizens to understand that there are other points of view.
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right. the whole country is organized around a single belief system and you're taught from birth that this is the way. if the internet shows up, they might say, hey, maybe there is an alternative way of running our country. maybe the supreme leader is not quite so good. maybe my conditions are not perfect. maybe my country is not the only choice and the system will unravel from within. >> what about cyberterrorism and cyberattacks. what is going on between the united states and china now. is that the next, you know, is the internet because this has become so dominant that the site where we might have our next conflict actual national, you know, international conflict. >> there is a fundamental argument that we make in the book that states will be willing to do things to each other in cyberspace that they're not willing to do in the physical world. if you look at the u.s. and china, complex relationship, but they're physical world allies. in united states it issed aversarial as you can imagine. at what point does a
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cyberattack, whether for stealing intellectual property or testing the waters for what they can get away with. at what point so significant and severe that it warrants some kind of world response. >> it's not just china, we always focus on china, but other countries are engaging in this. we talk about the iranian activities. evidence that russia is doing it. some of the western european have claimed that the united states is engaged in some of this. so, it's not just china and, of course, the solution in america is for us to increase our defenses and harden our systems. >> eric schmidt, jared cohen, pleasure to have you on. a story of a young man who comes to america and it's not about boston, a movie out this week. i'll tell you about it with the director, when we come back. so now i can help make this a great block party. ♪ [ male announcer ] advair is clinically proven to help significantly improve lung function.
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our times 9/11. the movie tells the story of a suave young pakistani living in new york city. princeton graduate and works for a top american bank and then suddenly his life changes after 9/11. he feeled profiled and threatened. does he begin to sympathize with the terrorist? is he becoming a fundamentist? it's a fascinating study of a man caught between america and islam. a topic worth exploring any time, but especially today. i sat down with the film was director. listen in. i love the title of the book "the reluctant fundamentest." is what drew it to you is the sense that this guy is occupying both worlds, both america and in some sense the world of islam? >> well, my theory is based on the wonderful book the pakistani
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author who wrote "the reluctant fundamentalist." but it's not really a study of fundamentalism as we understand it or of terror or religion and it is also an examination and falling out of love with the economic fundamentdle ist and the money or capital. >> there is a part of the movie where he is, as you say, eagerly embracing america and eagerly embracing wall street and become a master of the universe and then 9/11 happens and he just happens to be out of the country and he flies back and suddenly, for the first time, he realizes and the realization dawns on him slowly, my god, they're not looking at me like every other person. they're looking at me differently because i have brown skin and a funny name. >> exactly. >> that's the moment where he begins to realize, i'm actually
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not part of the society like i thought i was. >> perhaps he can never be. i mean, the film is really a made because of that. it's not otherwise. i live in this country for half my life. and what is really disturbing to me is how the conversation that we have here about the subcontinental world or anything to do with the islamist world is always a monologue, not a conversation. we always hear it from that side of things. >> you say when americans look at the world of islam, they don't understand that those are ordinary people. they have their lives. one thing you do try to do in the movie is convey that reality so that you see resemblance. family and they're a very kind of normal, middle upper class family that is partly fascinated
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by america. you know, but has the r reservati reservations. but mostly engaged in the day-to-day life. >> they used to have money and now they don't have money and they have class. but they're not worried about it, but the young man is worried. he wants to go to america and make a fortune and bring his family back to the society that they used to belong to. the father is nat concern ot co. he writes his poems and lives in his world. >> do you think the appeal of fundamentalism is that it is, in some way, a kind of coherent alternative to a western idea of money and success and things like that, that it seems to pull at some other chords that people have? because he says, the hero says at one point, you know, that when 9/11 happened i had a
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flicker of all. even, that people could pull this off. and, you know, what that suggests is that there was some pull there for him. >> i mean, what we are suggesting and what we know is that the world is a really complicated place and looking at and presenting the humanity in both the worlds, as complicatedly as we do. i want to be unflinching about the fact that, you know, the reaction to 9/11 was not always one way. people had different reactions to it. as our hero says, yes, he said a sense of at the audacity of this horrible act but asks his american friend, don't you feel anything when 100,000 people are killed equally in baghdad or affa ganstone or anywhere. the terrible thing about what has happened in boston is that boston now has become another city that has been affected by
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the same terror that is a global suffering. you know, the suffering has been so global and now it has come in front of us and that is what is shocking people and it must shock people. but this terror, this suffering happens in any day in any city in the world. you know, in our part of the world. and that suffering is caused by a cycle of events. i mean, we have to understand that wherever we are, we are simply a part of the world. we are not the center of the world. and i think that's very important -- that led me to make the reluctant fundamentalist. unless we tell our own stories. >> very terrific and moving movie. >> thank you. >> pleasure to have you on. >> thank you. up next, why the green vac is changing. it can happen to anyone.
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talk to your doctor. it can happen to anyone. at od, whatever business you're in, that's the business we're in with premium service like one of the best on-time delivery records and a low claims ratio, we do whatever it takes to make your business our business. od. helping the world keep promises. introducing bbm video with screen share. hey aleigh. hey! carol! update on 171 woodward..... let's other people see what's on your screen. and these are the material studies. the dog was my suggestion. aleigh. aleigh! it's great. but i'm on vacation for another week, remember? oh, right! i'll call you tomorrow! ok. but don't. carol? the blackberry z10 with screen share. powerful communication
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which is my question of the week. what was the peak unemployment rate in the u.s. during the great depression? "a" 15%, "b" 21%, "c" 25% or "d" 34%. stay tuned. we'll tell you the correct answer. go to cnn.com/fareed for more of the gps challenge and lots of insight and analysis. you can always follow us on twitter and facebook. also, remember, you can go to itunes.com/fareed if you ever miss a show or a special. this week's book of the week is, "the new digital age." reshaping the future of people and business. eric schmidt executive chairman of google and jared cohen director of google ideas. all the issues raised by the dominant technological trend of our time. a must read for anyone who wants to understand the new world. now, for the last look.
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take your first look at the new $100 bill. when the government released a sneak peek this week, critics in america were less than thrilled about the new franklin. it seems americans like their green backs green and many were taken aback by the shades of purpal and orange. but perhaps ben franklin's constico constinco constinch waens is overseas. perhaps that's fitting for a bit that with images of a man who lived and loved the life. first in london to represent colonel pennsylvania and then in paris to represent the young united states. i have to wonder, though, what franklin, a printer, would make of the high-tech anticounterfeiting measures meant to stop people from printing his image. the correct answer to our gps challenge question was "c." in 1933, the u.s. unemployment
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rate peaks ed at 25%. that's an annual rate of all of 1933. i will see you next week. stay tuned for "reliable sources." remember how the media tried to play a positive and unifying role after the shock and horror of the boston bombing? well, that didn't last long. >> they should have just kept shooting when they caught him in the boat. just get him an automatic death penalty there. >> the nra is also in the business of helping bombers get away with their crimes. >> as the attack becomes just the latest fodder for partisan commentators? are the suspects' religious beliefs getting too much scrutiny or not enough? too sympathetic to the 19-year-old suspect? a "new york times" columnist
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