dramatically. moisture coming in and temperatures dropped 20 to 30 degrees and things certainly weather wise are much better, really changing the dynamics. >> we're so grateful for them for that. alexandra, thank you so much. first, dr. sanjay gupta md starts right now. hey, there, thanks for joining us. lots to get to today. starting off with a couple people you know well and doing things that will surprise and inspire you. alicia keys will talk about her passion beyond the music. you'll see her in a whole new light. also johnny lee miller. you might know him from "sherlock holmes." he is running a 50-mile ultramarathon to try to save a boy. the anatomy of violence. how does an innocent child grow up to be an accused boston bomber or any criminal for that matter?

what is happening in their brains? scientists today say biology plays a bigger role than we once thought. >> in the wake of tragedy come the inevitable question. what makes a killer. is there a switch that turns on a rampage? and why. why would someone do this? >> you can just say the person's evil. i think that's 13th century thinking. i think we moved beyond that. >> he's a criminologist and also the author of a new book "ana "anatomy of violence." he says there are biological explanations for violence. he is convinced that brain dysfunction may, in part, explain the terror unleashed in boston. >> completely normal people who decided one day, you know what, we want to create mayhem. i don't think so. i think it's more complicated than that. >> you know, when you see all

the tragedies that have happened recently with tsarnaev or adam lanza. from your background and your experience, what would you look for and advise researchers as they're investigating these cases? >> there's no research at all on terrorists or sort of mass murders at biological level. but you can always speculate based on what i've learned about violence that, you know, the bombings in boston, these perpetrators, they did not have poor frontal lobe. they were able to plan, regulate and control. so, if i brain scan them, i don't think we'd see poor frontal functioning. i think what we would see is an impairment of volume reduction and poor functioning in a part of the brain, the emotion. we were founding in our research on psychopathic offenders that

these psychopathests have reduction in the volume. and, also, when they contemplate making moral decisions like, shall i kill someone or not? that part of the brain is not as active as in normal people. >> you've done a terrific job of making the science accessible for people. i want to show a couple images that are important here and people should see these, again. you should read the book. take a look there, a scan of the brain, normal on the left and a murderer on the right. what are we looking at there? >> well, we're looking down on the brain. this is a pet scan, so, it's looking at brain functioning and the warm colors, the red and yellow indicate high gluicose metabolism or high brain functioning. and on the left with the normal control, you can see a lot of good functioning in the very frontal region of the brain. right at the top there. >> that orange, yellowish area.

>> at the top, good frontal lobe functioning. look on the right, the murderer -- >> that is an area of the brain that is often associated with judgment and also inhibition. >> absolutely. part of the brain that regulate emotion. regulates impulsive action. a bit like the garden angel on behavior, you know. or a bit like the brakes on the car. if the brakes are broken, the car gets out of control and the same can be true of an individual with poor frontal lobe functioning. they can run out of control and become enforceably violent. >> you make these sort of revelations about what's happening in the brain, but also the physiology. for example, it's fascinating when you talk about someone's heart rate. something as simple as heart rate. with regard to what is happening in the brain and now heart rate, what have you found? >> what we have been finding and what many researchers have been finding is that low resting

heart rate is really one of the best replicated of behavior. >> in part of these studies you took somebody and put them in a condition that had a loud noise or something and tried to figure out, do their hearts rate go up and, that was a flag? >> we put 800 children into the experiment where we mentioned fear conditioning. they have fear before a punishment comes on. and what we found is that the 3 year olds who really showed a lack of fear at that time, they were more likely to go on to become criminal offenders 20 years later. >> again, as a neuro scientist, if you know some of these risk factors now, which you describe in the book, is there something that can be done then at that point to say, look, we know we've identified the high-risk people because we have objective evidence that this has caused

the changes in the brain. >> >> open up a new door to everyone. some of the courses of crime in violence and the brain contained for the better with a better environment. so, for example, we enriched environments of 3-year-old children by giving them better nutrition and more physical exercise and a stimulation for two years from age 3 to 5. that resulted in better age functioning at age 11 and a 35% reduction in criminal offending at age 23. so, it's not biology by itself. it is not a social environment by itself. it's the mix of them coming together that conspire to create the violence offender. >> if everyone out there measuring their heart rate right now, it's not as simple as that.

>> low resting heart rate. >> shouldn't be concerned. >> my thanks, again, to adrian for joining us. really fascinating stuff. still ahead, still what tv sherlock holmes is doing to help sicientists find clues to cure rare disease before it's too late. helps prevent early skin aging and skin cancer, all with the cleanest feel. it's the best for your skin. neutrogena® ultra sheer. even in stupid loud places. to prove it, we set up our call center right here... [ chirp ] all good? [ chirp ] getty up. seriously, this is really happening! [ cellphone rings ] hello? it's a giant helicopter ma'am. [ male announcer ] get it done [ chirp ] with the ultra-rugged kyocera torque, only from sprint direct connect. buy one get four free for your business.

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this weekend johnny lee miller will be running his first ultramarathon. have you heard about these? 50 miles long. a real challenge. he's doing it to raise $160,000 to help this young boy named jonah. meet jonah. the smiling, care-free 4-year-old kid. >> that kind of tastes like apaal. >> reporter: but these days jonah's parents aren't so

care-free. >> on jonah's one-year well visit we switched pediatrician and he noticed his head s circumference size was off the chart. >> the doctor got more and more into it and i was like, wait a second. what are you telling me here? my son has a fatal disease? >> the diagnosis results in jonah's inability to break down a compound which then builds up inside every cell in his body. >> first it will attack the central nervous system. we have profound brain damage and we have minor bone deformity, hearing loss, blind, organ failure. yeah. >> for now, jonah is more or less healthy. but doctors say he may develop profound brain damage by the

time he's 6 years old. without an effective treatment, jonah won't expect to live beyond his teens. when he's not at the park with his son, jonah's dad works on "elementary." >> and he said that he wanted to do something for us to help the people that he's standing next to, essentially. something that he's good at that could leverage his position to help us out. >> i spend every day with this man and i look at him and he radiates calm and he has the toughest job on our set. a very difficult, high-pressure job and i see this man and he is this source of calm. he's very funny, very good

natured and we spend more time with each other over the course of filming this season and you find out a little bit more about jonah and about what's going on and my son is the same age. so, we're exchanging kid stories and joking and the more you find out about this, you're like, this is terrible. for me, i was impressed by his strength and fortitude. i would only hope that in a similar situations, i would be the same. >> what was his reaction when you told him you were going to do this? >> people say a lot of stuff. you know, people mouth off and people procrastinate. it started off, like one day we could do some fund-raising. is there something we can do and then it really got serious. we wanted to do this properly. and i sat down and talked with jill, his wife. and she told me, she said, well,

we have nine research projects going right now. i'm like, okay, what can we actually achieve right now? i mean, we could procrastinate about curing diseases all day long, but what we can we actually do? well, this one, the natural history study. this is the most important key right now for moving towards drug trials. >> and you're able to train, do this event and, again, raise money. do you find time to train? >> most of the hard training is done. i'll train before work and after work and i run to work, i run home from work. you make it fit into your life. the point of ultrarunning, really, it's not the medal and the belt buckle and the t-shirt at the end or whatever you're going to get, it's how you, how you prepare for that. that's the rest of your life. the race is really won by getting done by getting up at 5:00 in the morning and it's snowing. there's no winning for people

like me, i'm not competitive. no chance of winning. it's the doing. and it's how you prepare your life and get there and that really feeds into how i conduct myself and what can i do along the way to benefit someone else and then we end up sitting in this television studio having a conversation. >> we certainly wish jonah well. and also jonny. we wish him well at bear mountain. we'll tell you how it went next weekend. vinnie merino started practicing yoga as a teenager in new york city. but the serenity didn't last and in the early a 1970s he turned to drugs for a quick and easy way to feel free. want to show you now how he turned his life around. >> put your hands over the chest. >> he has been called the

unlikely yoga king of l.a. vinnie merino. a 54-year-old recovering drug addict regularly fills this room with devotes of unique, solid yoga. >> i think what happens with my class and probably any class is that the community is built around the class. >> but vinny's purpose driven life wasn't always so grounded. >> i started taking alcohol from my mother from the bar and then started sniffing glue and smoking pot. started doing pills. started doing psychedelic and ended up shooting cocaine and heroin. >> growing up in the 1970s in new york city, drugs were everywhere. he couldn't get enough. >> i was like, no matter how much i do, i will come down. >> after a stint in rehab and another nine months using, merino finally got clean and

emersed himself in yoga. >> it just physically felt great because all our bodies hold stress and yoga like the poses and the breathing open me up and it just felt like right. >> merino found more inspiration when he was introduced to the lead sing er. >> do what you love kind of thing. she said, teach yoga. i was like, all right. taking the teacher training program and i was like, i don't have the money for it. she was like, i'll pay for it. >> today marino gets the same rush from yoga as he used to get from drugs. >> a search for drugs is a search for connection. yoga is a healthy way to get there. still ahead, alicia keys on the front lines on the fight

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>> she sold more than 30 million albums worldwide. this is the hit "super woman." it's an anthem to celebrate, motivate and now she wants women with hiv to feel empowered.

>> not the headlines about the aids pandemic in america that there should be. and it is shocking and it is unacceptable. >> so unacceptable she came to washington to launch empowered, a campaign she hopes will help women get tested, protect themselves and live full, healthy lives and speak about the disease. >> can't act like it's not happening. we have to make sure we know we are all at risk. this is all of our issues. we can't go around and not let people be who they are in the light of day. it can't be like this any more. we're too far in the future now. >> alicia keys has an an ally i white house supervisor valerie jarrett. her sister died of aids. >> she was married with a young child and didn't really get the testing she should have had early on in her illness because it never occurred to anyone that a married mom would actually be

hiv positive. >> keys met with women willing to share their stories. she's hoping to start an open dialogue about the epidemic, and several of them are featured in the campaign. 26-year-old stephanie brown was diagnosed at 19. >> for me to come out and speak helps the next person who was newly diagnosed. >> the campaign is building on some momentum. the cdc says new inspections among women dropped 21% between 2002 and 2010. still more than 1 million americans are infected, and 1 in 4 of those is a women. >> give me strength, wisdom, and courage. >> empowered will provide grants up to $25,000 to programs like this one at the united medical center in southeast wrb. >> everybody's so hush hush about it happening. >> i am hopefully giving people the opportunity to feel like we can engage in a conversation

that there is not something bad about you if you are hiv positive. you are beautiful, gorgeous human being who has so much to offer this world. >> here's something everyone should know. this week a federal government panel offered a formal recommendation that every american, age 15 to 65, should be screened for hiv once a year. something to keep in mind. david was just 26 years old when he helped invent modern oral rehydration therapy. it's been said that no other breakthrough could prevent so many deaths at such a low cost. it's a mix of glucose and minerals. but in the developing world, it means everything. that's why we're showing you his life's work. >> this photograph shows me during the first oral therapy clinical trial in the spring of

1968 in former east pakistan, now bangladesh. i had an epiphany in which i still remember, i felt a chill down my spine, follow the basic rule of replacing the losses with equal volumes of a matching, but absorbable solution, with glucose. you meet many people who they say, oh, it saved my little child's life, it saved my brother's life, and that's one of the most gratifying things to see that it has gone through the stage of clinical research and reached the very people we wanted it to reach, the mothers of infants with diarrhea in the developing world. >> and i'll tell you, i have seen firsthand what that simple solution can do all over the world. it's absolutely amazing stuff. going to check on your top stories just minutes away. but coming up next, tricks for beating those seasonal allergies. ♪

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you've heard this before. april flowers bring may flowerf, but they also bring plenty of seasonal allergieallergies. don't push your luck. stay inside when the pollen count is high. when you do get back inside,

change your clothes so you don't spread the pollen around the house. anyone can try something as simple as a saline nasal rinse and find out which types of pollen, mold, or grass you're allergic to by getting an allergy test from your doctor. check out the featured "fit nation" section from the cnn ipad app. going to get the next updates on next week's training trip. for now, stay tuned for a check of your top stories. from cnn world headquarters in atlanta, this is "cnn sunday morning." not in my grave yard. that's the word from several cemeteries to the funeral director who has the body of boston bombing suspect tamerlan tsarnaev. just wait until you hear what he plans to do. it just happened again. little kids shooting kids. how much of the fault lies with the parents, or are companies marketing to children the ones