season finale of anthony bourdain parts unknown tonight at 9:00 eastern and pacific followed by the premiere of stroumboulopoulos taking you inside the words of pop culture, politics and sports. find us on itunes, search state of the union. fareed zakaria gps starts now. this is gps, global public square. welcome to all of you in the united states and around the world. i'm fareed zakaria. we have an important show for you today starting with a u.s. summit. henry kissinger will tell us who shink shink pink is and what china wants. and two great skol what ares to dwig deeper on china and the u.s.. how is president obama handling this challenge. and in five days, iran will go to the polls to elect a new president. could it mean a new direction for that isolated nation.

also, the protests that have set turkey on edge. what is actually going on there. a report from one of the smartest voices in istanbul. first here is my it take. some american commentators want summit meetings between china and the united states such as the one in california this week to turn into a kind of g-2, a relationship of equal powers to manage the world's problems. but that's not the way to think about this relationship. china is not the worlded's other super power. and we should not treat it as such. china has always played a weak hand brilliantly. in february 1972 when richard nixon went to china and restor d relations that had ban broen, beijing negotiated as if from commanding heights. in fact china was in the midst

of cultural collapse and chaos. its per capita gdp had fallen below uganda. today china has tremendous assets, the world's second largest economy. and because of its size will one day become the largest. but power is defined along manydy mentions and by most political strategic and cultural measures, china is a great power, but not a global power. its military spending for example is not even a quarter of america's. it hacks the intellectual ambition to set the globaled a jen a skren today. a scholar says china is he wrote in essence a very narrow minded self interested real list state seeking only to maximize its object interests and power. it cares little for global

governance and enforcing global standards of behavior except its doctrine of noninterference in the internal affairs of countries. its economic policies and did diplomacy passive. now, beijing wants good relations with the united states and a general climate of external stability. that's partly because it faces huge internal challenges. china's leaders want to embark on a serious program of reforms at hope and are searching for ways to generate greater legitimacy. experimenting with most a return to rhetoric and revival of nationalism. also beijing wants to rise without creating a powerful anti-chinese backlash among other powers like japan and india.

for its part the united states is right to seek good and deep relations with china. they would mean a more stable prosperous and peaceful work. further integrating china into an open global system would help maintain that system and the open world economy that rests on it. but this can only happen if china recognizes and respects that system. and operates from the perspective of a global power, not a narrow minded state seeking only to maximize its interests. in other words, when china starts acting like a super power, we should treat it like one. for more on this, go to cnn.com/ cnn.com/fareed. there is a link to my "washington post" column this week. let's get started. there is no american who has spent more time negotiating and

meeting with the highest levels of the chinese government than henry kissinger, starting with his historic meetings with china's leaders in 1971 and '72 which opened the door to that country. he has always probably spent more time with china's new president xi jinping than just about any american. so who better to talk about the personalities and possibilities between the two countries. kissinger, who turned 90 this week, was of course national security adviser and then secretary of state under richard nixon. he now chairs kissinger associates, an international consulting firm that works with american countries doing business in china and other countries. that c thank you for joining us. >> a great pleasure to be here. >> you have been to china for 40 years, but you've also been over the last several months and you've met this new leadership. what about xi jinping particularly, what do you make

of him? >> xi jinping is a strong personality. very thoughtful. and he i believe knows that he has to define a new direction for china no matter how successful the previous efforts have been. >> so what do you think this leadership is looking for from the united states in either relations with the united states? >> the leadership as i under it looks now for a period of stability. they know that they have formidable tasks inned a justing many of their domestic activities. and they don't want to complicate those by a crisis with the united states. >> some people say that the chinese are flirting with nationalism, that shixi jinpings

also been stoking nationalism. do you see that as their search for legitimacy? >> i don't think you can say that they're stoking nationalism. nationalism exists in china now. it is a unifying element with the decline of some of the communist methodology that used to be so dominant. and any china leader now has to consider what the nationalist reaction will be. so it has to be a factor. but the question is he -- are they serious or is this a tactical device. >> are they serious about what? >> serious about the fundamental

question of trying to establish a relationship between two potential adversaries that avoids confrontation, but permits each side to continue with dignity to pursue its own national objectives. i think at the are serious about making the exploration. we are similarly have to be serious because what is the alternative that we will do. if it works well, then at the end of ten years, this may have become a habit that has transformed into national relations. if it doesn't work, it will look after its own interests. we surely will.

and i'm usually considered a realist. and these talks should be conducted with the conviction that each side knows its interests, will try to protect its interests, but will try to attach them to a vision that will bring a new approach to a situation that has never existed before. >> let me ask you about the news of the week. what do you make of the departure of tom donovan and susan rice as the replacement? >> i would not have chosen this moment for fundamental change at the beginning of a series of meetings with senior foreign leaders. second ily, i think tom donna

lynn lynn has done a superb job. security adviser is in many ways is principal, maybe the key resource for the president. if should be given every opportunity from the outside to succeed. >> single question the administration faces probably most urgently is should the united states intervene militarily in syria. >> let somebody define for me a strategic objective for the united states. what is it we're trying to achieve. and then one can judge the various kinds of interventions in relation to that objective. we've now had four wars.

we have ended the great enthusiasm, but after some measurable period of time, we found ourselves in position where the public would not sustain the effort. and where the only debate inside the united states was to restore. but by definition, you can't under tad military intervention to which you have to withdrawal at the endbut by definition, yo under tad military intervention to which you have to withdrawal at the end and divide your country. somebody has to explain what is it we're trying to accomplish, what is the outcome, what is the specific contribution. and to remember not to get drawn into something which consequences we don't understand fully and which outcome we cannot manage. >> youed th ee eed had your 90t

this week. every living secretary of the state other than one was there, bill clinton was there, former president of france was there. after 90 years, what is the lesson of turning 90? >> i'll give you this answer when i'm 95. >> we will check in when you're 95, but probably before that. henry kissinger, thank you. >> good to see you. up next, more on china and america. let's forget all of the rhetoric. what is really going on. ♪ this is the tempur-pedic innovation lab. it's like a front row seat to our latest technologies. here is where our engineers do their constant improving. we have helped over 7 million people fall in love

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let's break through all of the rhetoric after the summit and ask what is the real relationship between the yund and china these days. where did these two nations fall on the spectrum between allies and enemies. and how is president obama handling this challenge. joining me now, two of harvard's finest minds. joseph nye professor at the kennedy school of government. and noah feldman professor of international law. he's also author of a book called cool war the future of

global competition. welcome, gentlemen. noah, you say that relations between china and the united states are almost destined to get cooler, perhaps worse. >> the fact is that u.s. remains the sole global super power and it's not in china's interests in the long term for that to be the case in the future. china wants at least within asia for itself to be the regional super power on. at the same time what separates this from heading for a cold war direction is that we're deeply cooperative with china. we still need them to buy our debt and they need to us buy their goods and that will continue to be the case. so we're both cooperating and competing at once. >> joe, this is a kind of strange new world in that if you think about the cold war, we have no trade relations with the soviet union. we actually sanctioned them. so can you imagine a situation where the world's two great trading partners also end up with an adversarial military

relationship? >> it could, but there are strong incentives to keep it under control because there is such enter dependence between the two countries, there is strong interest on both sides.de two countries, there is strong interest on both sides. we'll be able to manage the relationship if we don't succumb toparanoia. >> it's not rising in a vacuum. it's rising in asia. and every time it rises, the japanese get scared or an gli, south korea ans, philippines, indians, australians. what does that look like? >> i think the relevant strategic question is can those countries do anything about the fact that they're threatened by china. and, you know, with the possible exception of a future japan that armed itself in a more serious way, none of those countries has anything like the military

capacity. they're relying upon us to stand up to china. and here is where things get trickity becau tricky. because the sin sign cyber attacks have shown that you can close the military technology gap much faster gasign cyber attacks have shown that you can close the military technology gap much faster ga today than could you have 25 or 50 years ago. so in that world where they can close the gap with greater speed, the countries in asia have little choice but to look for us and that puts us on a potentially confrontational footing. i will add that those other countries still have close economic ties to china and in many ways closer to china than to us. that's what a cool war looks like, where they're tied to us for security, but increasingly tied to china for their economies. >> that's painting a picture of a fairly different world than the one we have now. one where there is a great deal of tension, potential

hostilities, and it could spiral done ward downwards pretty eas. >> our relations with china will be mixed. they will have some areas of competition, but also areas of cooperation. it if you want to manage a global financial system without a crisis, if you want to do anything about cli tmate change you have to cooperate with china. so at the same time there is competition, there will be cooperation. what we need is policy toward china what goalidy locks policy, not too hot, not too cold. >> let me ask about the cyber attacks. what would you to about the cyber attacks? >> i think the administration is doing the right thing.o about tr attacks? >> i think the administration is doing the right thing.do about cyber attacks? >> i think the administration is doing the right thing. raise the level at which it is being dealt with. it's a major issue on the agenda by having it addressed first by the national security adviser and then the president, you're

getting the chinese to realize that this is serious and is top of our priority list. doesn't mean you'll stop espionage. that's as old as huge kind. but it does mean that you can have how bad it is. in the past, soviets got caught. we have to do the equivalent with the chinese that as they continue at the level they're continuing now, you have to come some things that are costly. but at the same time let's notten sanctimonious. if one looked at the extremes of electrons, they go both ways. >> we're doing it, too, i agree, but -- >> we're not doing economic he is pea thanlg. >> exactly because they don't have the in-a elect all property secrets that we want to steal. >> and the u.s. government does not spy on -- >> we're probably trying to

figure out what they have stole unfrom us. that said, we do need to identify a real lever that would pressure china to hold back. because they don't have a disincentive to continuing. so we need to signal the economical relationship complaint can't be sustained if they treat us as if we're on a cyber war the footing. >> gentlemen, thank you very much. up next, what in the world. despite all the dysfunction in washington, there is an america that works. where is it. ♪ tracks! they connect the factories built along the lines. and that means jobs, lots of people, making lots and lots of things. let's get your business rolling now, everybody sing. ♪ norfolk southern what's your function? ♪ ♪ helping this big country move ahead as one ♪

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now for our what in the world segment. in the past few weeks, we've all watched tornadoes attack oklahoma. one of them was the widest tornado in u.s. history, ravaging an area longer and wider at points than manhattan. now the state is out of the news. but away from the media

spotlight, oklahoma is rebuilding itself in a determined fashion that is characteristic of its spirit. i for the interested in oklahoma's recent history because the week before the tornado, i was asked to deliver the commencement address at the university of oklahoma. and in preparing for it, i was struck by the state's recent revival of fortunes, one that gave me a lot of hope about america. you see, in recent can decades, experts were sure that oklahoma and the states around it that make up the great plains could not compete in a post industrial age, that the area was becoming a waste land. but about ten years ago, the numbers started to show the opposite. in a smart report, the urban governme development writer points out the great plains have outperformed the national average on population increase, on income growth and in job growth. we tend to think americans leave the great plains for the coasts. but the data shows that since

2000, there has been a large net migration from southern california to oklahoma city. look closely at oklahoma's capital. of the 49 u.s. mitt troe poetro areas where more than a million people, they have the lowest unemployment rate of all, this has grown three times faster than san francisco. why is is this happening? there is no one answer, but it is not all about oil and natural gas. in part the global economy has created new markets for agriculture. oklahoma is very good at that. new technologies coupled with smart government regulation have spurred an energy boom this oil and gas. and investments in good education programs, state universities for example, have set up a conveyor belt of well trained managers and workers for manufacture. the revival of the great plains touches on another hopeful sign in america. we all believe that america's

politics is broken. and it is if you're looking at washington. but as the great speaker of the house tip o'neill liked to say, world politics is local and at that local level, there is a revolution brewing. it's what scholars call a metropolitan revolution. cities and counties across the country are getting over political dwivides, revitalizin america. look at mayor boomburg's ambitious plans for applied sciences, rahm emanuel intra structure truss in chicago, denver's transit system or the $7 billion in public and private investments that transformed oklahoma city. the metropolitan revolution is a much needed reminder that america often works from the bottom up. so when you despair about washington, turn your gaze at a town or city or state that's getting is right.

maybe take a look at oklahoma. go to cnn.com/fareed for a link to the transcript of my speech at the university of oklahoma. up next, iranians go to the polls next week to elect a new president. so who is going to win? and what will it mean for the rest of the world? ♪ this is the tempur-pedic innovation lab. it's like a front row seat to our latest technologies. here is where our engineers do their constant improving. we have helped over 7 million people fall in love with their tempur-pedic. and now for my favorite part of the tour.

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police have identified the gunman in the santa monica california shooting that left four people dead. the 24-year-old killed his father and brother before carjacking a woman and opening fire on a public bus friday. he was later killed by police at santa monica college. sources say the gun man had a history of mental health problems and confirmed there is no link to domestic or international terrorism. two u.s. troops and an american civilian have been killed in afghanistan in a sus suspected green on blue attack. the attacker wore an afghan army uniform and opened fire during lunchtime. at least 28 people are can dead after clashes between protestors and libyan government backed militia in the city of benghazi. the violence began saturday with

protesters attacking the militia's headquarters. libyan authorities are calling for calm. at least 55 were injured in the fighting. signs of a thaw in tensions. north and south korean government officials today held their first talks in several years. friday the north reconnected a hotline between the two countries that it had cut in a dispute over its nuclear program. the two koreas are scheduled to hold more talks later this week. president obama and china's leader shixi jinping have wrapp up a two day summit. they met in palm springs on a range of issues. they agreed to keep up the pressure on north korea about its nuclear program, work together to prevent cyber attacks and limit the production of green house gases. those are your top stories.

reliable sources at the top of the hour. now back to gps. next week iranians will head to the polls to elect a new president. the incumbent ahmadinejad is in-he willable to run because he has already been elected twice. so who is likely to win and what does it mean for iran and the world? i'm joined by two experts. welcome. so set the stage. what is the choice that an iranian faces when looking at this array of kancandidates? >> there are eight candidates, but probably two or three are most likely to emerge as winner. i think they have a choice between continuing along the path that iran has been on since

2009 certainly, but probably since 2005, and that's the very defiant resistance path. or to pick someone slightly more moderate or even a lot more moderate, someone like the cleric rouhani who is a protege of one not allowed to run partly because of his support for the green movement. >> and this is the pragmatic wing. >> right. >> thought to be quite corrupt in the sense of having lots of business dealings, but not hard liners. >> yes, not the absolute resistance to every kind of relations with particularly the united states you but even the resistance that ahmadinejad has shown. the defiance of the international community, not worry building ting about the c

or the economy. >> and on the other side is jalili who represents the continuation of that hard line strategy. >> very much so. but even less socially liberal than ahmadinejad even. and more pious. >> do these distinctions between these two strike you as important? >> not terribly. i rev fapreface my comments say that iranian elections tend to be unfair and unpredictable, but this time is more predictable in the past and that it's increasingly looking like it will be one man, one vote and that is khamenei. and i think what he's done is rig the candidates in advance. eight candidates all of whom he's okay with and i would compare it somewhat akin to having a presidential election

in the united states in which only members of the tea party can participate. so there is diversity amongst the candidates. there is competition in that all of them want to be president. but none of the fundamental issues in iran have been raised. why are we supporting as sard oig in sear kra. why are we spending billions in syria when we could be spending that money at home. why are we pursuing this retrograde nuclear program which has cost us over $100 billion when we could be pursuing a more conciliatory global approach. so those types of questions aren't being raised in this election. >> i would disagree. aref has raised civil rights and even the nuclear issue. and if you look at his twitter feed, you'll see where he has raised it and in his debates. he has raised the assad issue. he said we should evaluate ei. t

so i'm not saying it's a completely free and fair election like it would be in what we consider the democratic process in the united states or the western world, but there is a choice. there is a choice that is a distinct choice. it may not be to the preference of many iranian citizens. many want to see much greater reforms whether social, economic or political. but it does represent a difference. now, whether -- there are a lot of questions to be asked here. if rouhani is able to get excitement into the campaign where people do come out and vote and if there is a huge turnout as there was in 2009 which looks very unlikely, the streets are quiet, not much campaigning going on, if that were to happen, will he be allowed to be proclaimed the winner. so there are other issues, or object ke obstacles in his way. >> i'm struck by that, there seems to be no protest about

this very rigged set of candidates. the two candidates who seem slightly more unpredictable, rafsanjani, but also mcht ashaei who seems sort of his own man and somewhat opposed to the clerical establishment. ashaei who seems sort of his own man and somewhat opposed to the clerical establishment.ashaei wo seems sort of his own man and somewhat opposed to the clerical establishment. does this mean that the longest serving dictator in the middle east is completely in charge, the green movement has been crushed and is quiet? >> i will say this about iranian society, that in 1979, iranians experienced the revolution without democracy. and i think today they aspire for democracy without a revolution. so i think it's the society has reached an impasse in that they don't have -- they have revolutionary ends, they would like to see fundamental change in the same way that much of the middle east would like to see fundamental change.

but they don't have the stomach to pursue revolutionary means. and in this sense i think what's taken place especially in syria has actually had a dampening effect in iran. 100,000 people killed, a quarter of the population displaced. no one in iran has an on that tight for that type of tumult. so he's now set up a situation in which almost every single major institution in iran, revolutionary guards, assembly of experts, all are led by individuals who are either appointed by him directly or unfailing to him. so i find it tough to believe that he will allow the presidency to go to an individual whom he's not totally comfortable with. >> any change on nuclear policy if rouhani were laerelected? >> i think there could be

cosmetic changes. i think the person who may miss him the most is net i can't you hugh. he has to figure if iran will continue to be led by the supreme leader who will continue to have veto power, it is better to have an iranian president who is very blusterous and rallies the world against iran rather than a more moderate face like rouhani who may cause the russians, europeans and chinese to say let's have another shot at engagement. >> fascinating conversation. thank you. up next, protests in turkey. we will go to istanbul to make sense of what is going on. [ ice freezing ]

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when turkey's prime minister came to new york for the u.n. general assembly in 2011, i interviewed hill. i was struck by the prime minister's strong confident demeanor. he row correct he had won three consecutive terms. but last week, something changed in turkey.he had won three cons terms.

but last week, something changed in turkey. protests over plans to con skrert a park into a shopping center have escalated in to something much larger. calls against the government. why is this happening? where is it headed? i'm joined now by one turkey's top political analysts from istanbul where this all began. welcome. s >> thank you so much. a pleasure to be on the show. >> is this the beginning of some kind of arab spring in turkey? >> i would not say that this is something that is similar to the arab spring because the arab spring in tunisia or elsewhere was basically a sear irys of uprising against dictatorships. these railroad countries which never had free and fair elections. but in turkey what we have is an elected government. we have free and fair elections. and he's been elected

repeatedly. but the problem is that the people who did not elect him, the people who do not support him got growing lly frustrated with his policies and rhetoric. so i would say it is the crisis of a not fully matured, not liberal enough democracy. i would also say one more thing. the political culture in this country, generally values confrontation rather than consensus, loves strong leaders who never take a step back, that is a are the behalf the culture. and he represents that culture. some people love him because he never takes a step back as he said in one of his recent speeches. >> you don't see this then as fundamentally about kind of islamization versus secularization, you see it more the case of an elected lead who are may have overreached his mandate, acting in an

authoritarian manner? would that be an really? >> i would say so. i often say in my writings he's not too islamic. maybe he's a bit too turkish. honestly some of the other center right governments have acted the same way. and this led to other people on the left or on the more secular side to go for the military, to save them in their own logic. of course the military did horrible things in this country, torturing people and killing prime ministers. that era is thankfully gone. the military is not in the picture and that's good news for turkey. but now the more secular are or left wing part of the society which is generally the minority has to find a better way. and vandalism aside, there has

been vandalism, he emphasized it's also about the right to have a peaceful assembly and peaceful demonstrations. >> bottom line, everyone is going to -- prime minister is going to stay what he is you now, which is the dominant political figure in turkey a few years from now well look back at this as a momentary blip? >> we will see what happens. i mean, many people including me think that. if actually he takes a few steps back, if he just says i will revise my plans about the reconstruction in the square that you see behind me, if he takes a few steps back in the symbolic issue, many think the tension will be diffused and he'll keep on running the

country. in a successful way because he's by most definitions very successful in terms of the economy. also some liberal issues. he's the one that initiated the peace process with the kurdish separatists. so if he takes a step back, can diffuses and listens to the opposition, i think this will be a gain for turkish democracy. however, if he keeps pushing, if he remains defiant a, angry people will get more angry and i think these protests will reemerge. and that will be bad because in the past ten years, he had an important achievement, a democracy, functioning democracy in a muslim majority country. even a sort of muslim liberalism emerging as i triy to explain i my book. but it will be bad if they ruin it because of the mutual anger and defiance and unwillingness to compromise. >> fascinating report.

thank you so much for joining us. up next, the face of the modern protester. you saw it in turkey and you've seen it elsewhere. but where does it come from. with so much noise about health care... i tuned it all out. with unitedhealthcare, i get information that matters... my individual health profile. not random statistics. they even reward me for addressing my health risks. so i'm doing fine... but she's still going to give me a heart attack. we're more than 78,000 people looking out for more than 70 million americans. that's health in numbers. unitedhealthcare.

this week's news about the

changing of the guard of the national security council brought to mind the birth of that body. the ns c&c ia and a you few other acronyms were all created in the national security act of 1947.a you few other acronyms were all created in the national security act of 1947. whichrd ways the first to have a national security adviser? was if rot roosevelt, truman, eisenhower or nixon. stay tuned and we'll tell you the answer. go to cnn.com/fareed for more of the gps challenge and insight and analysis. you can also follow us on twitter and facebook. remember, you can go to itunes.com/fareed if you ever miss a show or special. this week's book of the week is christian karl's strange rebels. 1979 and the birth of the 21th century. the book explains how at the end of the 20th century two coiled forces, religion and markets,

sprung on to the world stage. china's reforms, margaret thatcher's rise, ayatollah all began in 1979 and have been shaping international life ever since. karl tells the story of that pivotal year and its koconsequee with intelligence and grace. now for the last look. this has been become the face of the modern protester. we saw it on the streets of turkey this week and airline woerks and many others, too. and in thailand this week, too, covering the faces of anti-government protesters. they were used by the anti-austerity protesters in greece, by the occupy movement, by the protesters in take and hackers. and this week the saudi interior minister is said to have banned the masks all together.

what do you think? the likeness is that of an explosives expert in the early 1600s in england who was part of a plot to blow up the state opening of the british parliame parliament. he is still burned in he have fanlg gi every year. a film was released in 2005 by cnn corporate cousin warner brothers. i bet he could never have imagine that had 400 years later he would have so many double gangers so far flung across the world. the correct answer to our question was c, the national security council was created under president truman oig, but

president eisenhower was the first to have a national security adviser. the first person to hold the position was robert cutler. thanks so all of you for being part of my program this week. i will see you next week. stay tuned for "reliable sources". the obama administration secretly conducting a massive surveillance program involving millions of phone records. is this anti-terror tactic a scandal, the outrage being portrayed by much of the press? >> we'll start with this news. the u.s. government may have your number. >> the issue of your privacy is front and center this morning. >> breaking news out of washington. >> now to that stunning report that the national security agency has been collecting phone records in millions of americans under a top secret order. >> "washington post" has uncovered another massive u.s. spying program, this will one capable ofck