the optimistic freshman class of the 113th congress and don't forget to watch the season finale of anthony bourdain parts unknown. followed by the premiere of stroumboulopoulos taking you inside the words of pop culture, politics and sports. find us on itunes, search state of the union. fareed zakaria gps starts now. this is gps, global public square. welcome to all of you in the united states and around the world. i'm fareed zakaria. we have an important show for you today starting with a u.s. summit. henry kissinger will tell us who china's president xi jinping is and what china wants. and two great scholars to dig deeper on china and the u.s.. how is president obama handling this challenge. and in five days, iran will go to the polls to elect a new

president. could a new president mean a new direction nar increasingly isolated nation? also, the protests that have set turkey on edge. what is actually going on there? a report from one of the smartest voices in istanbul. first, here is my it take. some american commentators want summit meetings between china and the united states such as the one in california this week to turn into a kind of g-2, a relationship of equal powers to manage the world's problems. but that's not the way to think about this relationship. china is not the world's other super power. and we should not treat it as such. china has always played a weak hand brilliantly. in february 1972, when richard nixon went to china and restored relations that had been broken, beijing negotiated as if from commanding heights.

in fact, china was in the midst of cultural collapse and chaos. its per capita gdp had fallen below uganda. today china has tremendous assets, the world's second largest economy. and because of its size will one day become the largest. but power is defined along many dimensions and by most political military, political and tra stee jik and cultural measures, strategic and cultural measures, china is a great power, but not a global power. its military spending for example is not even a quarter of america's. it lacks the intellectual ambition to set the global agenda. a scholar says china is, he wrote, in essence a very narrow minded self interested realist

state seeking only to maximize its own national interest and power. it cares little for global gglol governance and enforcing global standards of behavior except its doctrine of noninterference in the internal affairs of countries. its economic policies and diplomacy passive. now, beijing wants good relations with the united states and a general climate of external stability. that's partly because it faces huge internal challenges. china's leaders want to embark on a serious program of reforms at home and are searching for ways to generate greater legitimacy for the communist party of china. experimenting with a return to maoist rhetoric and a revival of

nationalism. also beijing wants to rise without creating a powerful anti-chinese backlash among other powers like japan and india. for its part the united states is right to seek good and deep relations with china. they would mean a more stable prosperous and peaceful world. further integrating china into an open global system would help maintain that system and the open world economy that rests on it. but this can only happen if china recognizes and respects that system. and operates from the perspective of a global power, not a narrow minded state seeking to only maximize its interests. in other words, when china starts to act like a super power, we should treat it like one. for more on this go to cnn.com/fareed. let's get started.

there is no american who has spent more time negotiating and meeting with the highest levels of the chinese government than henry kissinger, starting with his historic meetings with china's leaders in 1971 and '72 which opened the door to that country. he has always probably spent more time with china's new president xi jinping than just about any american. so who better to talk about the personalities and possibilities between the two countries. kissinger, who turned 90 this week, was of course national security adviser and then secretary of state under richard nixon. he now chairs kissinger associates, an international consulting firm that works with american countries doing business in china and other countries. thank you for joining us. >> a great pleasure to be here. >> you have been to china for 40 years, but you've also been over

the last several months and you've met this new leadership. what about xi jinping particularly, what do you make of him? >> xi jinping is a strong personality. very thoughtful. and he, i believe, knows that he has to define a new direction for china no matter how successful the previous efforts have been. >> so what do you think this leadership is looking for from the united states in either relations with the united states? >> the leadership as i under it looks now for a period of stability. they know that they have formidable tasks in adjusting many of their domestic activities. and they don't want to complicate those by a crisis with the united states.

>> some people say that the chinese are flirting with nationalism, that xi jinping has is making mufs on economic reform has been stoke nationalism. do you see that? nationalism exists in china now. it is a unifying element with the decline of some of the communist methodology that used to be so dominant. national and any china leader now has to consider what the nationalist reaction will be. so it has to be a factor. but the question is he -- are they serious or is this a tactical device.

>> are they serious about what? >> serious about the fundamental question of trying to establish a relationship between two potential adversaries that avoids confrontation, but permits each side to continue with dignity to pursue its own national objectives. i think at the are serious about making the exploration. we are similarly have to be serious because what is the alternative that we will do. if it works well, then at the end of ten years, this may have become a habit that has transformed into national relations. if it doesn't work, it will look after its own interests.

we surely will. and i'm usually considered a realist. and these talks should be conducted with the conviction that each side knows its interests, will try to protect its interests, but will try to attach them to a vision that will bring a new approach to a situation that has never existed before. >> let me ask you about the news of the week. what do you make of the departure of tom donilon and susan rice as the replacement? >> i would not have chosen this moment for fundamental change at the beginning of a series of meetings with senior foreign leaders.

secondly, i think tom donilon has done a superb job. security adviser is in many ways is principal, maybe the key resource for the president. if should be given every opportunity from the outside to succeed. >> single question the administration faces probably most urgently that is being pressed upon it is, should the united states intervene militarily in syria? >> let somebody define for me a strategic objective for the united states. what is it we're trying to achieve? and then one can judge the various kinds of interventions

in relation to that objective. we've now had four wars. we have ended them with great enthusiasm. but after some measurable period of time we found ourselves in a position where the public would not sustain the effort. and where the only debate inside the united states was to withdraw. but by definition, you can't undertake military intervention for which you have to withdrawal at the end and divide your country. somebody has to explain what is it we're trying to accomplish, what is the outcome, what is the specific contribution. and to remember not to get drawn into something which consequences we don't understand fully and which outcome we

cannot manage. >> you had your 90th birthday this week. every living secretary of the state other than one was there, bill clinton was there, former president of france was there. after 90 years, what is the most valuable piece of advice? what's the lesson of turning 90? >> i'll give you this answer when i'm 95. >> we will check in when you're 95, but probably before that. henry kissinger, thank you. >> good to see you. up next, more on china and america. let's forget all of the rhetoric. what is really going on. we'll dig in. fer's starts with freshly-made pasta, and 100% real cheddar cheese. but what makes stouffer's mac n' cheese best of all. that moment you enjoy it at home. stouffer's. made with care for you or your family.

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...and we inspected his brakes for free. -free is good. -free is very good. [ male announcer ] now get 50% off brake pads and shoes at meineke. let's break through all of the rhetoric after the summit and ask what is the real relationship between the united states and china these days. where did these two nations fall on the spectrum between allies and enemies. and how is president obama handling this challenge. joining me now, two of harvard's finest minds. joseph nye professor at the kennedy school of government. and noah feldman professor of international law.

at the harvard law school. he the author of an extremely relevant book called "cool war, the future of global competition." welcome, gentlemen. noah, you say that relations between china and the united states are almost destined to get cooler, perhaps worse. >> the fact is that u.s. remains the sole global super power and it's not in china's interests in the long term for that to be the case in the future. china wants at least within asia for itself to be the regional super power. at the same time what separates this from heading for a cold war direction is that we're deeply cooperative with china. we still need them to buy our debt and they need to us buy their goods and that will continue to be the case. so we're both cooperating and competing at once. >> joe, this is a kind of strange new world in that if you think about the cold war, we have no trade relations with the soviet union. we actually sanctioned them. so can you imagine a situation

where the world's two great trading partners also end up with an adversarial military relationship? >> it could, but there are strong incentives to keep it under control because there is such interdependence between the two countries, there is strong interest on both sides. to keep this from getting out of control. we'll be able to manage the relationship if we don't succumb neuro seize cease /* -- neuro sis and paranoia. >> it's not rising in a vacuum. it's rising in asia. and every time it rises, the japanese get scared or angry, south koreans, philippines, indians, australians. what does that look like? >> i think the relevant strategic question is can those countries do anything about the fact that they're threatened by china. and, you know, with the possible exception of a future japan that armed itself in a more serious

way, none of those countries has anything like the military capacity. they're relying upon us to stand up to china. and here's where things get tricky. the cyberattacks that have been such a topic of discussion, both presumably in the summit, and more broadly, have really shown that you can close the military technology gap much faster today than you could have 25 or 50 years ago. in that world, where they can really close the gap with greater speed, the countries in asia have little choice but to look to us. that puts us on a potentially confrontational footing. i will also add those other countries have close economic ties to china and in many ways they are getting closer to china than to us. they are in a paradoxal position, too and that's where what a cool war looks like.

where they're tied to us for security, but increasingly tied to china for their economies. >> that's painting a picture of a fairly different world than the one we have now. one where there is a great deal of tension, potential hostilities, and it could spiral downwards pretty easily. >> our relations with china will be mixed. they will have some areas of competition, but also areas of cooperation. it if you want to manage a global financial system without a crisis, if you want to do anything serious about climate change, if you want to manage pandemics you have to cooperate with china. at the same time they will be competition, they will be cooperation. we need policy toward china, what a call a goldilocks policy, not too hot, not too cold. sometimes that is hard to manage because of nationalism on both sides. so far, we have been able to do it. >> let me ask you about peace in specific, the cyberattacks. what would you do about the cyberattacks? >> i think the administration is doing the right thing.

basically raise the level ott which it is dealt. it's a major issue on the agenda by having addressed by the national security adviser and then the president you are getting the chinese to realize that this is serious in and top of our priority list. doesn't mean you will stop espionage. that's as old as human kind, but it does mean you can get an idea of how bad it is. in the past, when the soviets had an espionage they got caught you would expel some tach attaches and so forth. we have to do some things are that costly but let's not be sank mo sanctity moanous. they go both ways. >> we are doing it, too. agree with joe.

>> we're not doing economic espionage. >> exactly because they don't have the intellectual property secrets that we want to steal. >> and the u.s. government does not spy on -- >> we're probably trying to figure out what they have stolen from us. that said, we do need to identify a real lever that would pressure china to hold back. because they don't have a disincentive to continuing. given our trade relationship is so strong. in the long run what we need to do is signal this close economic relationship actually can't be sustained in all of its closeness and openness provided that china continues to treat us, in some ways, as though we are on a seiber war footing. >> gentlemen, thank you very much for joining us. fascinating conversation. up next "what this world?" despite the dysfunction there is an america that works. where is it and why is it successful? my take when we come back [ panting ]

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. now for a what in this world segment. in the past few weeks we have watched tornados attack oklahoma. one of them was the widest tornado in u.s. history.

ravaging an area of longer and wider at points than manhattan. now the state is out of the news. but away from the media spotlight, oklahoma is rebuilding itself in a determined fashion that is characteristic of its spirit. i got interested in oklahoma's recent history because the week before the tornado i was asked to deliver the commencement address at the university of oklahoma. in preparing for it, i was struck by the state's recent revival of fortunes. one that gave me a lot of hope about america. you see, in recent decades, experts were sure that oklahoma and the states around it that make up the great plains could not compete in a post-industrial age. that the area was becoming a waste land. ten years ago, the numbers started to show the opposite. a writer points out the great plains have outperformed the

national average on population increase, income growth and in job growth. we tend to think americans leave the great plains for the coast but the data shows since 2000 there's been a large net migration from southern california to oklahoma city. look closely at oklahoma's capital. of the 49 u.s. metropolitan areas with more than a million people, oklahoma city has the the lowest unemployment rate of all. it has grown three times faster than san francisco in the past decade. why is this happening? well, there's no one answer. it's not all about oil and natural gas. in part, the global economy has created new markets for agriculture. oklahoma is very good at that. new technologies, coupled with smart government regulation have spurred an energy boom in boyle oil and gas. and investments in good education programs state universities for example, have set up a conveyer belt of well-trained managers and

workers for manufacturing. the revival of the great plains touches on another hopeful sign in america. we all believe that america's politics is broken, and it is if you are looking at washington. but as the great speaker of the house tip o'neill liked to say awl all politics is local. at that local level there's a revolution brewing. it is what scholars jennifer bradley and bruce skatz call a metropolitan revolution. they are getting over political divides, partnering with the private sector and revitalizing america. look at mayor bloomberg's ambitious plan for applied sciences in new york. didn't ver's transit system, or the $7 billion in public and private investments that transformed oklahoma city. the metropolitan revolution is a much-needed reminder that america often works from the bottom up. so when you despair about

washington, turn your gaze at a town or city or state in america, that's getting it right. look at oklahoma. go to cnn.com/fareed for a link to a transcript of my speech at the university of oklahoma, which i drew on for this report. up next, iranians go to the polls next week to elect a new president. so who's going to win? and what will it mean for the rest of the world? we'll game it out. mera. whether i'm telling people about how they could save money on car insurance with geico... yeah, a little bit more of the lime green love yeah... or letting them know they can reach geico 24/7 using the latest technology. go on, slather it all over. don't hold back, go on... it's these high-definition televisions, i'll tell ya, they show every wrinkle. geico. fifteen minutes could save you fifteen percent or more on car insurance. just like a tablet. so easy to use, it won a best of ces award from cnet.

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hello, everyone. a look at the top stories. we know the identity of a man who killed four people in a terrifying shooting spree in santa monica. sources say the man shot and killed his father and brother at their home. then he car jacked a woman and made her drive to santa monl monica college. he killed two other people there, a woman and 68-year-old man by the name of carlos franco. he was driving with his daughter to get her text books. police say she was shot as well and is in critical condition. police in new orleans say they think the body found in a car is that of missing teacher terry lynn monet. she disappeared in march after a night of celebrating her

nomination for teacher of the year award. a car was found a bayou in new orleans. an autopsy is scheduled for tomorrow. a judge denies bail for the crane operator blamed for the deadly building collapse in philadelphia. the 42-year-old appeared in court a short time ago. he faces six counts of involuntary manslaughter for wednesday's collapse that left six dead and 13 injured. there's no official update from the south african government on nelson mandela's health today. the former president was rushed to the hospital for recurring lung infection. over the past few years, a 94-year-old has been hospitalized several times because of his failing health. hear how nelson mandela has impacted millions of lives and hear it from a fellow civil rights leader who knows him. that's coming up at the top of the hour in the newsroom. fareed zakaria gps continues

right now. up next, iranians go to the polls next week to elect a new president. so who is going to win? and what will it mean for the rest of the world? i'm joined by two experts. the author of the ayatollah begs to differ as well as the ayatollah's democracy and a senior associate at the garn gi endowment who was previously chief iran analyst for the international crisis group welcome. what is the choice an iranian faces when looking at this array of candidates. >> there are eight candidates in the race but two or three are most likely to emerge as a winner. i think they have a choice between continuing along the path that iran has been on since 2009 certainly but probably since 2005 and that's the mahmoud ahmadinejad very

defiant, the resistance path or to pick someone slightly more moderate or a lot more moderate, someone like the cleric who is running who's a protege of ayatollah who was not allowed to run in this election partly because of his support for the green movement back in 2009. >> this is the sort of pragmatic wing of the iranian regime. very much part of the regime, pragmatic, consider rupt in the sense of having a lot of business dealings but not the hard liners. >> yes not the hard line, absolute resist tense to any relations with particularly the united states but just the kind of resistance that mahmoud ahmadinejad has shown. not worrying about the economy even. the consequences to the economy that affect voters pocketbooks. >> on the other side is the

candidate that represents the hard line of the strategy. >> very much so. and more liberal than mahmoud ahmadinejad. and more pies you than mahmoud ahmadinejad and more of a -- has more allegiance than mahmoud ahmadinejad has shown in the last three or four years. did these distinctions strike you as important? >> not terribly, fareed. i preface my comments by saying iranian presidential elections tend to be unfair and unpredictable. this time it is more predictable than the past. it is increasingly looking like it is one man, one vote and the man is -- the supreme leader. i think what he has done this time around is rig the candidates in advance. eight candidates. it is like having an election in them united states where only tea party members can

participate. there is diversity among the candidates and competition and that all of them want to be president. none of the fundamental issues in ie rain have been raised. why are we supporting assad in syria? why are we spending billions of dollars in syria when we could spend money at home? why are we myrrh suing this program that cost over $100 billion in economic sanctions and lost foreign investment when we could be pursuing a more conciliatory global approach? those types of questions aren't being raised. >> i disagree agree. they are being raised. one candidate raised civil rights and the nuclear issue. if you look at his twitter feed you will see where he has been raising it and in his debates he raised it. he raised the assad issue. he said we should evaluate. i think there's a choice. i'm not saying it is a free and fair election like it would be in what we consider to be a

democratic process in the united states or in the western world but there is a choice. there is a choice that is a distinct choice. it may not be to the preference of many iranian citizens. many want to see much greater reforms whether they are social, economic or political reforms, but it does represent a difference. there's a lot of questions to be asked here. whether if he is able to get some excitement in to the campaign where people do come out and vote, the middle class and youth come out to vote and if there is a huge turnout as there was in 2009 which looks unlikely. seems like the streets are quiet and not campaigning going on. if that were to happen will he be aloued to be proclaimed the winner. >> what does that tell you? i'm struck by that. there seems to be no protest about this very rigged set of candidates. the two candidates who seem

slightly more unpredictable. the 80-year-old in the pragmatic movement and mahmoud ahmadinejad's deputy chief of staff who seems his own man and opposed to the clerical establishment, at least, were both ruled out. does this mean that ayatollah is completely in charge? the green movement has been crushed and is quiet? >> i would say this about iranian society. in 1979, iranians experienced the revolution without democracy. i think today they aspire for a democracy without revolution. so i think they have -- it's the society that has reached an impasse. they don't have -- they have revolutionary ends. they'd like to see fundamental change in the way that much of the middle east would like to see fundamental change, but they don't have the stomach to pursue revolutionary means. in this case what has taken

place, especially in syria, has had a dampening effect in iran. 100,000 people killed, a quarter of the population displaced. no one in ie rain has an appetite for that time of -- and ayatollah is take advantage of that. he has set up a situation in which almost every major institution in iran whether it is the revolutionary guards the guardian council, the assembly of experts, all of these businessen teen bodies are led by individuals appointed by him directly and i think it is tough to believe, we'll see what happens, but i find it tough to believe he will let the presidency go to an individual whoz whom he's not comfortable. >> any change in policy if rahani were elected? >> you would have a president not denying for the holocaust and calling for israel's demise and the person who may miss

mahmoud ahmadinejad the most is prime minister netanyahu. he has to figure if iran is going to be led by the supreme leader who's going to continue have power over the nuclear issue and other major decisions, better to have an iranian president who is blus rouse and rallies the world against iran rather than rohani who may cause the russians, europeans and chinese say let's have another shot at engagement. >> fascinating conversation. thank you both. up next, protests in turkey. we will go to istanbul to make sense of what is going on. try align. it's the number one ge recommended probiotic c" that helps maintain digestive balance. ♪ stay in the groove with align. ♪ need help keeping your digestive balance in sync? try align. it's a probiotic that fortifies your digestive system with healthy bacteria 24/7. because your insides set the tone. stay in the groove with align.

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when turkey's prime minister came to new york for the u.n. general assembly in 2011, i interviewed him. i was struck by the prime minister's strong, confident demeanor. he projected the image of a no-nonsense lead who are had the full support of his people. head won three consecutive terms. last week, something changed in turkey. protests over plans to convert a park in to a shopping center have escalated in to something much larger.

calls against erdogan's government, why is this happening? where's it headed? i'm joined by one of turkey's top political analysts. i am joined from istanbul where this all began. welcome. >> thank you so much. it is a pleasure to be on the show. >> reporter: is in the beginning of some kind of arab spring in turkey. >> i would not say this is something that is similar to the arab spring. the arab spring was basically a series of uprisings against dictatorships. these were countries which never had free and fair elections, but in turkey what we have is an elected go. we have arab spring since 1951, there are free and fair elections in turkey and erdogan

is elected. but people who did not support him got tired of his policy and rhetoric. this is not a spring in the sense that turkey has no democracy but it is the crisis of a not fully matured, not liberal enough democracy. i would say one more thing, the political culture in the country, generally values confrontation rather than consensus which loves defined strong leaders who never take a step back. that's a part of the culture and he presents that culture. some people love him because he never takes a step back as he said in one of his recent speeches. >> you don't see this as fundamentally about -- islamization versus secularism, but a leader who may have overreached his mandate and acting in a authoritarian manner. is that accurate? >> i would say so. i often say my writings, erdogan

is not too islamic but maybe too turkish. he represents tradition in this country. some and this led to other people on the left or on the more secular side to go for the military, to save them in their own logic. of course the military did horrible things in this country, by launching the cues against the government like torturing people and killing prime ministers. that era is thankfully gone. the military is not in the picture and that's good news for turkey. but now the more secular or left wing part of the society, which is generally in the minority, has to find a better way to compete with whomever is elected and not on their side. and vandalism aside, there has been vandalism, he emphasized there was a corridor attacked and there was an arson. let's leave them aside, but the

generally peaceful protests on the streets right now maybe is a step forward for turkish democracy because democracy on the one hand is election, but as president emphasized, it's also about the right to have a peaceful assembly and peaceful demonstrations. >> bottom line, he's going to stay prime minister, the dominant political figure in turkey. a few years from now, we will look back at this as a momentarily blip? >> we will see what happens. i mean, many people including me think that. if actually he takes a few steps back, if he just says i will revise my plans about the reconstruction in the square that you see behind me, if he takes a few steps back in the symbolic issue, many think the tension will be diffused and he'll keep on running the country. in a successful way because he's by most definitions very successful in terms of the economy. also some liberal issues. he's the one that initiated the

peace process with the kurdish separatists. something that turkish liberals had always dreamed but no one dares to do. so if he takes a step back, can diffuses and listens to the opposition, i think this will be a gain for turkish democracy. however, if he keeps pushing, if he remains defiandefiant, angrye will get more angry and i think these protests will reemerge. and that will be bad because in the past ten years, he had an important achievement, a democracy, functioning democracy in a muslim majority country. with a market economy. even a sort of muslim liberalism emerging as i try to explain in my book. but it will be bad if they ruin it because of the mutual anger and defiance and unwillingness to compromise. >> fascinating report. thank you so much for joining us. up next, the face of the modern protester. you saw it in turkey and you've seen it elsewhere.

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this week's news about the

changing of the guard of the national security counsel brought to mind the birth of the body, the nsc, cia, and other three-letter acronyms were created in 1947, which brings me to my question of the week. which president was the first to have a national security adviser? was it a, franklin roosevelt, b, harry truman, c, dwight eisenhower, or d, richard nixon? stay tuned and we'll tell you the correct answer. go to cnn.com/fareed for more of the gps challenge and lots of insight and analysanalysis. you can also follow us on twitter and facebook. remember, you can go to itunes.com/fareed if you ever miss a show or special. this week's book of the week is "christian carl's strange rebels, 1979 and the birth of the 21st century." the book explains how the end of the 20th century, two forces,

religion and markets, sprung onto the world stage. china's reforms, margaret thatcher's rise, ayatollah khomeini's revolution, they all began in 1979 and have been shaping international life ever since. carl tells the story of that pivotal year and its consequences with intelligence, grace, and lusidty. now for the last look. this has become the face of the modern protester. we saw it on the streets of turkey this week. worn on masks by airline workers but by many others, too. and in thailand this week, too, covering the faces of anti-government protesters. they were used by the anti-austerity protesters in greece, by the occupy movement, by the protesters in tahrir square, by the mysterious hackers known as anonymous. >> greetings citizens of the world. >> and the visage is apparently so frightening that this week, the saudi interior minister is said to have banned the masks

all together in his country, following in the footsteps of his neighbors in bahrain and the uae. what do you think? the likeness is that of guy faulks, an explosives experts in new england who was part of the plot to blow up the state opening of the british parliament. he's still burned in effigy every 5th of november, but the credit of his resurgence is given to the film "v for vendetta" which was released in 2005 by cnn's corporate cousin warner brothers. i doubt guy faucks could have ever imagined as he died a torturous death that 400 years later, he would have so many other dopplegangers so far flung across the world. the correct answer to our question was c, while the national security council was created under president truman,

president eisenhower was the first to have an assistant for national security adpffairs commonly referred to as a national security adviser. the first person to hold the position was robert cutler. thanks to all of you for being part of my program this week. i'll see you next week. hello, everyone. i'm fredricka whitfield. these are the top stories we're following in the newsroom. breaking news out of california from the terrifying shooting spree in santa monica. details ahead. and south africans pray as nelson mandela remains in the hospital with a recurring lung infection. and police in new orleans say they think the body found in a car is that of missing teacher terrilynn monette. in a few minutes, why her family is both saddened and outraged.