>> thank you. >> thank you all for watching. i'm candy crowley in washington. fareed gentlemzakaria gps start now. >> this is gps, the global public square. welcome to all of you around the united states and around the world. i'm fareed zakaria. a big leap for american foreign policy, from obama's speech -- >> americans must always lead on the world stage. >> -- to edward snowden to the european elections. i have a great panel, david ignatius and dan cenow. could afghanistan turn out to be a success? i will give you my case for optimism. also, from what to have for dinner and how to fix global warming, a revolutionary new way to solve problems.

and a woman who went from shoplifting anti-capitalist to founder and ceo of a major retailer. this self-pro claimed girl boss has great advice to help you succeed. but first here's my take. let me read you something from a well-known analyst of american foreign policy. he wrote, because of unsure and indecisive leadership in the field of foreign policy, questions have been raised on all sides. the right added that the administration is plagued by a ham let-like psychosis which seems to paralyze it every time decisive action is required. is this one of the many recent critiques of barack obama's foreign policy? actually, it is richard nixon writing about president john f. kennedy in 1961. criticizing presidents for weakness is a standard trope in washington because the world is

a messy place, and when bad things happen, washington and the president can easily be blamed for them. but to determine what america and obama should be doing, let's first try to understand the nature of the world and the dangers within it. from 1947 until 1990, the united states faced a mortal threat, an enemy that was strategic, political, military and idealogical. washington had to keep together an alliance that faced up to the foe and persuade countries in the middle not to give in. this meant that concerns about resolve and credibility were paramount. but the world today looks very different, far more peaceful and stable than at any point in several centuries. the united states faces no enemy anywhere on the scale of soviet russia. america's military spending is about that of the next 14 countries combined, most of which are are treaty allies of washington.

the countries that have been aggressive or acted as washington's adversaries are facing a tough environment. look at russia, china and iran. in this context, what is needed from washington is not another heroic exertion of american military power but, rather, a sustained effort to engage with allies, isolate enemies, support free markets and democratic values and push these positive trends forward. the obama administration is, in fact, deeply internationalist, building on alliances in europe and asia, working with institutions like the imf and u.n., isolating adversaries and strengthening the order that has been so beneficial to the united states and the world since 1945. the world has fought al qaeda and its allies ferociously.

but a country that would intervene unilaterally would produce damage to its credibility that everybody is worried about. after all, just six years ago, america's closest allies were distancing themselves from washington because it was seen as aggressive, expansionist and militaristic. obama is battling that anything that means anything is military force. just because we have the best hammer does not mean every problem is a nail, he said in his speech at west point. president eyisenhower was a strong leader who refused to intervene in taiwan, confrontations and the hungarian uprising of 1926. many times americans blasted the president and wished he would be

more involved. they called him weak, v vascillating and tardy. but he held his ground and said, i'll show you what leadership is. it's con sill yaciliation, educd it's tough work. it's all i will believe in and practice. for more go to fareed and read my post column for this week. let's get started. you heard my take on the president's foreign policy, now let me bring in my panel. david ignatius is a columnist for the "washington post" and a

writer of a book called "the director." it talks about his 25 years covering the cia. nick is a columnist just back from burma. she is just back from ukraine. and dan ceno is a co-founder of the foreign policy initiative and was a key adviser to the romney campaign. so dan, let me give you first dibs, the case for the opposition. tell me why obama's speech was terrible. >> first, i think he set up the straw man, the notion that anyone who is critical of his policy just wants to go to war. my response is, point me to that person. critics have advocated a more muscular approach, more fore-leaning approach to the president's policy have advocated for some form of air power. it worked in the balkans when clinton did it, it worked in afghanistan when president george w. bush did it. >> and on afghanistan, the day

before, what do you think of the two-day extension? >> i would personally leave 10,000 troops there beyond 2016, let the president's successor decide whether or not he or she wants to bring down those troop levels. i think going back to basically zero, with just enough forces to protect the embassy, leaves his successor with very few options. also, he didn't really lay out -- what actually is changed? why did he increase the troops and why is now the time to decrease them? it's not clear. conditions on the ground have changed dramatically. the strategy wasn't clear. >> nick, what do you think on afghanist afghanistan. if we stay until 2016, we would have been there 20 years. >> more than other wars. i worry about afghanistan if we pull out, i worry about the role of women, education, all kinds of things. but at the end of the day, i don't think our troops will be interested in advancing ourselves or the afghan people,

and they've been enormously expensive in every possible way, so i think it was probably the right call. >> david, one of the things he did talk about in his speech was counterterrorism and a new approach of a $5 billion fund, and the idea, as i understand it, is we have all these threats from around the world, but they're smaller, diffuse, diverse, not all al qaeda central. so what i'm going to do is tell the cia and the military to help the countries in their battle. what does this mean for the united states? >> i thought that was one of the more creative parts of the speech. he's recognizing that despite the rhetoric that the obama campaign used in 2012, al qaeda isn't dead. core al qaeda and pakistan and afghanistan, maybe, but it's morphed and these small offshoots are very dangerous. al qaeda has embedded itself so deeply all the way to falujia.

but it's a big counterterrorism challenge to get them out. what was new in the speech was first this idea of creating a fund so you'll have a resource to provide security services. all over they're having al qaeda problems. finally what's interesting in the speech, the president just hinted at t but talking to people you get more of a sense. the president would like to move the counterterrorism program away from the uniformed military and away from the cia. >> why? >> because first there is the idea that the ct mission has eaten the ira hole. >> because the ccia is becoming too much of an armed -- >> these have been the corporate headquarters, but that's not their job. >> nick, you spent a lot of time

in these countries like mali and somalia. what do you think on the ground the effect of the cia being in ka hoo cahoots with the military? >> i think there are times we can train local authorities. one of the problems is if you're a local leader in a place like moritania, you can represent yourself as being anti-tore rorist, anti-al qaeda. you can make a lot of money and use it in ways to antagonize local population and make them more sympathetic to al qaeda. i think it has to be done on an ad hoc basis, listening to people, and it can be useful but has to be done really cautiously. >> krista, 30 seconds on this and then i'll come back to you after the break. any thoughts? >> i was pretty much agreeing with nick. happy families are all alike,

unhappy families are unique in their unhappiness, and that's what the world is like today. it's not a monolithic threat, we have to learn about each country and what's going on. people found that hard. it was nicer in a lot of ways during the cold war when you could say, these are the good guys, these are the bad guys, this is how we do it. we actually have to engage, talk to people, figure out what's happening in either country. >> now these are different circumstances and different countries. we have to take a break. when we come back, we have a lot to talk about, christa will give ace report from ukraine. i have to ask about edward snowden and dan is going to tell us why the republicans have to pay really close attention, when we come back. verizon has always set out to provide you with the most powerful and reliable network experience.

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. we are back with our panel. christa, you are just back from ukraine. there is so much reporting out there, what struck you when you were there? >> three top takeaways. the first thing that was really striking is the people of ukraine, 90% of ukraine, are really united, really determined, united around building a democracy from the ground up around the western choice, around their new president. the second really big thing which we've talked about before is the idea that the kremlin was really pushing of there being this specter of a far right threat in ukraine. the election really demolished that. the two far right candidates got 1% each. meanwhile, there was a jewish candidate, independent candidate, who leads one of the big jewish organizations in the country, he got 2%. so we really have to put that to bed and understand that was something the kremlin was

pushing. really not part of what's happening in ukraine right now. >> so it left you feeling quite optimistic. >> with the exception of donetsk where the fighting is happening right now. i was in donetsk before the big fighting broke out, and i was struck by the extent to which state power in 60% of that region has just melted away. in that area it's hard to predict what's going to happen and really dangerous. >> your colleague said putin blinked. that if you look at what happened, putin is no longer trying to take over eastern ukraine, he's accepted the new government, he realizes he's going to have to cut a deal? >> it would be nice if he ducked a little more, but indeed, it's more promising than it looked a month ago. it looks like he's going to hang onto crimea, it doesn't look like it's going to march into part of muldoa, for example, as it seemed he might. for now i would say -- and it

looks like purishenko will be able to align the country more. things are more encouraging now than they were before. >> what did you think of edward snowden's interview, and what did you make of it? you know the nsa, bookt hthe boa lot about the nsa. >> the director is about the collision of hacking and espionage which snowden has come to symbolize. i thought his interview with brian williams on nbc this week was fascinating. one way to read it is the opening of a plea negotiation in which he's saying, i'll come home, i'm plead to lesser charges. there's a suggestion he might even serve a shorter prison sentence, but the insistence i did nothing wrong, i'm a patriot, i was serving the discussion. >> a -- the constitution. >> and the vanity that he was a spy.

>> he's a person that really needs to show the world that he's important. touting his spy credentials. it was almost as if, we're more important and dangerous than you think. >> i use fake names. >> i was thinking to myself, you're world famous, what difference does it make what classification you had? it's now irrelevant, you're one of the most famous people in the world. >> the issue i struggled with in this book is how we and how u.s. intelligence agencies are going to live in a world where -- this is a post-snowden novel. we live in a world now where these secrets that used to be the most precious secrets the united states government had have been exposed willy-nilly. what's the damage of that? it can be another snowden. what's the damage of that? we really don't know. >> european elections really startling even though this is not a particularly powerful body. you had between 20 and 40% in

some cases of the electorate voting of anti-pro putin elements, and this is happening in france. this is big countries, not small, remote things. you say it's very important. >> i'm worried about it. if you look at the u.k. independence party, they came in first, beat out labor and the tories. the second and third largest economies in the continent. if you look at the themes of their campaigns, it's obviously deeply anti-immigrant, it's anti-globalization and it's anti-elite, which is brussels. there is a lot of that rhetoric in american policies on the right. i've not seen the republican leadership in this country develop yet a real middle-class oriented populist agenda. if they don't do it now, i'm not saying there will abe crack-up here like they have in europe, but they should pay attention.

parties throughout the u.s. should pay attention to parties because there is a lot going on. >> you talk about inequality and globalization. >> i totally agree with dan. to me this is the hollowed-out, mil middle class vote. we're seeing it in the states, we're seeing it now in europe. i don't think it's just a question for the right, i think ilts it's a question for all political elites, and i think we have to be really thoughtful to the extent that people in the middle are really being hammered and we have to work really hard to put together -- first of all, to listen and be aware that far and sensitive to that, and second of all, to put together some policies that address it. otherwise the dangers of extremism, i think, are just huge. >> on that note, we have to stop. when we come back, i'm going to delve deeper into the future of afghanistan. is it possible that this country who has been at war for 30 years

might actually have a future? i'll give you the evidence of optimism, when we come back. od. helping the world keep promises.

and now for our "what in the world" segment.

as u.s. troops prepare to withdraw from afghanistan, afghans are preparing to usher in their own new era. soon the nation could witness its first ever democratic handover of power. so what have i told you that afghanistan seems poised to effectively navigate this transition? in other words, what if i told you that afghanistan could actually work out? almost two months ago, afghans headed to the polls in record numbers. the election went remarkably well. afghan security forces performed better than anyone expected. there were few reports of ballot stuffing or corruption that had marred the 2009 election of karzai. since no candidate secured more than 50% of the vote, there will abe runoff in june. and two front-runners have emerged. guess what? they're both great. highly qualified, modern, conformist and articulate.

compare them to the thugs running iraq, and you will see a world of difference. abdullah abdullah, a former leader in the anti-taliban alliance and a trained ophthalmologist secured 45% of the vote. ash ashraf ghani secured 32% of the vote. i was struck by how much they agreed on and how different they were from karzai. first let's consider the bilateral security agreement. it would allow forces to remain in afghanistan after 2014. karzai first negotiated it, but ever since he's refused to sign it. here's the front runner abdullah on the bsa. >> it has to be signed and it will be one of the priorities of the future government of afghanistan. >> and here is ghani. >> i'm on record that i will

sign the agreement within the first week of being elected. i have weighed every word and consider it to be both in afghanistan, the united states and in the global interest. >> as for whether the leading candidates would bring the taliban into the political process to help broker some sort of peace deal, listen again to what they had to say. here's abdullah. >> absolutely. the continuation of the talks to the taliban of keeping the door open for negotiations with the taliban with a clear parameter and clear goals, it's important. >> and here's ashraf ghani. >> the talibans and afghans first must make a choice, and we hope they would make that choice to sit down and discuss all key issues. >> both candidates are also less

anti-american, decidedly so than their predecessor. abdullah refutes karzai's claim that american forces are wantonly destroyed afghan siville -- civilians. >> there is no way that that could be the case. >> ghani, a u.s. citizen until he gave up his passport to run for the afghan presidency in 2009, largely agrees. >> the overwhelming majority of american troops in afghanistan are not going to be in combat throes. end with this new context and be a definition of the civilian casualties and related incidences that will convey an unfortunate but important product of the large number of troops engaged and combat would disappear. >> of course, it remains to be seen what the event wual victor

does when he gets into office, but it all sounds promising and very different from iraq. >> good afternoon, everybody. >> so obama's announcement and the candidates' willingness to sign the agreement to keep american troops there means afghanistan has a two-year head start. afghanistan has two years to develop a viable plan to engage in diplomacy with its neighbors and start putting the tools and mechanisms in place to create a sustainable future. the director of studies on nyu center corporation and a great scholar points out that if the taliban is fighting to get u.s. troops to leave, they will now no longer have reason to fight and they should start living peacefully with their fellow afghans. if it is only an excuse for another agenda, then they will now be exposed. and the fact that the u.s. will not have a military base in the heart of afghanistan in

perpetuity should make regional powers, like russia and china, more willing to support the new afghan state. my optimism is mixed with caution, of course. but after 30 years of civil war in afghanistan, it's a pleasure to be able to even have a qualified sense of hope for the country and for its people. if you want to hear the afghan presidential front runners abdullah and ghani on all the issues, go to our website, cnn.com/fareed. next on gps, problem-solving disrupted. a new way to think about life's conundrums from our old friends at freakonomics. if you have moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis, like me,

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frequent heartburn medicine for 8 straight years. one pill each morning. 24 hours. zero heartburn. how do you solve the big problems in your life at work or at home? well, my next guests say the way to do it is to think like a freak, which means think like them. they're better known as the freakonomc sirks gu ork freakonomics guys, and they just published their third book. what you really mean is think like a child.

>> yeah, you don't really want to think like us, it can get you in trouble. thinking like a child, children have a natural curiosity. they have a passion for what they're passionate about. they'll come up with questions that most of us would not think are sophisticated or smart enough. so really, thinking like a freak is about trying to get rid of your pre conceptikopreconceptio your moral compass to make all your moral decisions. we all have a moral compass, it's very valuable, but if you make big decisions based on what you think should be right or is right, you'll often miss the reality. >> and you have an example of a hot dog eating contest where you have to redefine the contest, right? >> exactly so. koribashi showed autopsy tup awd

hot dog eating contest. everyone else was trying to figure out how to eat more hot dogs. could they stretch out their stomach by drinking water or fasting or bingeing? he asked a slightly different question which was, how can in a short amount of time. >> a very similar example of this is let's say you were out of shape, which you don't look like you are, but let's pretend you're really out of shape and

you say, i'm going to do some push-ups today. i'm going to try ten. and once you set that top in your mind, you get down, and when you start getting tired, at 7 or 8, probably, now you decided, i'm going to do 20. when do you start to get mentally or physically tired? not around 7 or 8. you'll blow through 10 before you realize how out of shape you are. so that's why we suggest people figure out their limitations or barriers. >> one of the things you say is think small. >> we write about these economists who write about ed indicati -- education like a lot of people do, and they noticed that when you look at a class picture of gung su province which is poor, none of the children were wearing glasses. that's either because they don't need them or there's no myopia here. they did some tests and found

out plenty of children needed them but didn't have them. they provided free glasses. half the class they left as a control group, left them as is. and after one year, the kids who got the glasses were basically a full grade ahead. does that solve the education problem? of course not. but it's an example of whoever is out there hearing this, whatever realm they're working on, if you peel off a small piece where you actually get data, you can make some progress. i would rather have 100 smart people working on small versions of one big problem than 100 people shouting at each other about the big problem and getting nowhere. >> what you talk a lot

bribing our children to go to the bathroom? >> it ends up backfiring. it's a lesson for all of us. >> my child is three. i said to her, let me take over. i got down on my daughter's level. i looked her right in the eye -- her name is amanda -- i said, amanda, every time you go p pee-pee in the potty, you'll get mnms. i know that's her favorite thing. she said, really? why don't i do it right now. for the next two or three days, perfection. not one accident. on the third day she said, daddy, i have to go. she went and peed, came out, mnms. daddy, i have to go again. it turns out this girl who couldn't make it to the toilet to save her life three days

earlier had such exceptionally fine bladder control now that she could turn it on and off for mnms. i thought it was a great example because what i always tell people with your lawmaker, economist, whoever, you set up these incentive schemes. you think you're smart enough, you think you thought about it ahead of time, but people are going to outsmart you. >> thank you so much. pleasure to have you on. up next, how does a shoplifting community college dropout become a big-time ceo of a booming business? we have an amazing story of a self-pro claimed girl boss when we come back. h, never bitter taste of gevalia. and we do it all for this very experience. this very second. this exact moment. [woman] that's good. i know right? cheers to that. gevalia. 150 years of rich, never bitter coffee.

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this is awkward. check your speed. see how fast your internet can be. switch now and add voice and tv for $34.90. comcast business built for business. we are in the midst of graduation season overflowing as always with advice on how we should live our lives. my next guest may not be a commencement speaker this year, but she has some unique advice especially for millenials and for the rest of us as well. a decade ago, sophia laroso was a dumpster diving, shoplifting community college dropout with a clinical diagnosis of attention deficit disorder. today she is the ceo of a company that does more than 100

million in business annually and she owns a white porsche. how did that transformation happen? sophia is the founder of the on-line clothing store nasty gal and the author of a new book "hash tag girlboss." thanks for being here. >> thanks for having me. >> how did you go from that dropout to where you are now? >> well, it's been a long road. i grew up in the suburbs and i was very kind of unhappy with the public school that i was put in and decided that it was setting me up for, like, a very predictable life, which is not what i wanted. i wanted to save the world and i kind of wanted to smash capitalism, and i thought it might be possible. and at a certain point, you know, decided that i was going to smash big corporations by, i don't know, shoplifting from them, which totally didn't pan out. i learned that the hard way and decided that only sustainable hard work and without shortcuts

is what works in life. and i actually had to learn it the hard way, which most people don't. and i had some time to hang out on the internet and myspace at the time, before facebook had really taken out, and i was seeing ads of people that put vintage ads on myspace. i wore vintage at the time and i saw the prices they were getting. i had taken community college photo classes and thought, i can do that. so i bought e-bay for did you mean he-- dummies and the rest history. >> you started selling stuff on e-bay. that's really the start of this company. >> yeah. >> you had no internet background, so you went on the internet and started looking at business models of various ventures? >> that's what i did. i watched youtube videos when i didn't know what kind of warehouse shelving to get. when i started raising venture

capital, i started watching roundtable discussions of pet peeves of entrepreneurs, so i knew what i was getting into. i bought a book called "how to be smarter than your venture capitali capitalist." >> one of the interesting things about your company is really the heart of it is not manufacturing, it's customer service. like you really try to address customer complaints, demands. talk about that. >> yeah. well, it kind of emerged out of a conversation, so ebay, yes, there was the bidding and ebay was the platform for the business. but it was through social media that i really connected with my customers, and this was back in late 2006-2007 when the business started and really began to take off. i was there behind the computer answering every single one of their questions, reading what they had to say about what they thought about the product or the models and learning on a very qualitative level, like, what our customer liked and what she

didn't. >> so what are your pieces of advice to millenials? what do you think they need to know as they go out into the world? >> don't act like you've arrived when you just received an invitation, which a lot of people do. they get their first paycheck, their first promotion and they're like, whoo hoo, and maybe don't plan their finances as well as they could. at nasty girl, i always sock the profits back into the company. i paid my first employee more than i paid myself for a good while. it was just fun for me watching the cash kind of pile up. i didn't want to do anything with it. it was just like, i have a business and my very simple kind of naive idea of business at 22 years old was you sell things for more than you buy them for, and then the company makes money. and i've now learned that is actually a very rare thing, especially in internet businesses and something that the world is very surprised by. so i think there's something to learn from that. >> so i look at all those kinds

of pieces of advice and you say write thank you notes, dress well, don't chew gum, put your phone away during an interview. it feels like you've come to these pieces of -- one might say very traditional wisdom, the hard and long and complicated way, but what you're saying to people is straighten up, smart up -- >> it's actually really old-fashioned advice and it's only through not doing those things or maybe thinking, maybe people don't need to do those things and experiencing what happens when shows up smacking their gum or they're not wearing a bra or they lean back in their chair and don't have questions when asked do you have questions for me? there's very conventional things in the world that i've learned very unconventionally are very important to pay attention to. >> thanks for being here. >> thanks for having me.

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teacher layoffs. and a 60 billion dollar budget deficit. that's what john perez faced when he became speaker of the california assembly. so he partnered with governor brown

to pass three balanced budgets, on time. for the first time in thirty years. today, the deficits are gone and we've invested an additional 2 billion dollars in education. now john perez is running for controller, to keep fighting for balanced budgets. democrat john perez for controller.

as a new crop of graduates enters the work force, it brings up an interesting question. what should the workers of tomorrow major in? what field? is it mathematician, software engineer, investment banker, or doct doctor. stay tuned and we'll tell you the correct answer. just can one of those college kids or high school kids. they can all help you, i'm sure. this week's book of the week is stev

steven's book "maximalist." he talks about the tendency to get too involved and aggressive in the world and entrench from it. the book is fair and balanced enough, to coin a phrase, that you can draw your own conclusions. and now for "the last look." the government announced this week that the u.s. economy shrank in the first quarter. that's the first quarter in the red in three years. it's certainly not cass strotas but it got me wondering whether the mafia could help on this one. no, i'm not offering that they take offers they simply can't refuse, but i'm saying they use italy's book. italy has the best track record until recently. the fourth quarter of 2014 was

the first time italy's economy grew in two years. so italy dipped into the shadows this week, the shadow of economy, that is. starting in 2014 and going retroactively, italy has said it will add the mafia dealings to its gdp. anyone in who makes money in the black market, drug dealing, smuggling, prostitution. they expect this to boost the gdp a good percentage point or two. you might laugh but the black market is a big deal. a 2011 analysis found that if the worldwide black market were a national economy, it would trail only the united states in size, totaling some $10 trillion a year. another study found that america's underground economic activity was worth about $2 trillion. that's more than 10% of the legit gdp. there are, of course, many more countries reported to have large

underground economies like russia where the foreign economy is also doing badly these days. in fact, maybe adding the mob to the gdp is the one thing that washington and moscow could. he'll be treated and

debriefed at a medical center before he returns home. the 28-year-old soldier was captured by the taliban in 2009. u.s. forces went into eastern afghanistan and got him yesterday. they are reviewing five terror suspects who are being held in guantanamo bay. all seven people on board a private jet were killed in a fiery crash in the boston area late last night. among the dead, louis katz, the co-owner of the philadelphia inquirer and the philadelphia daily news. the plane apparently caught fire and crashed. photos appearing on social media reporting to be of the crash site show flames and smoke. a park official on moit. rainier thinks there's little chance of finding six climbers alive. the crew went missing several days ago. it's believed they probably died in some sort of fall. golfer phil mickelson is

being investigated over allegations of insider trading. the fbi is looking into trades mickelson made back in 2011 that may have been made based on information that wasn't made public at the time. mickelson says he did nothing wrong. that's it for now. imer i can mcpike. "reliable sources" with brian seltzer begins now. good morning from washington. i'm brian felter and it's time for "reliable sources." we have an a-list line-up for you. hillary clinton's campaign is about to begin. i'm not talking about that one, i'm talking about the campaign to sell copies of her new book "hard choices." but really, aren't these campaigns one and the same as the whole country wonders if she's going to run for president? at the moment, book sales are a subsidy for polls. americans