the aimag these images are from an outdoor mass. the sm the mass is going to focus on grandparents and elderly in society. >> we're so glad you started your morning us with. >> and we'll see you again at 8:00. sanjay gupta starts right now. >> welcome. we have a very special show from new york city in partnership with the clinton global initiative. today we're talking about the signs of success, investing in baby's minds. there is something a little intimidating about doing a panel on intelligence. it's very hard to look at, i think, especially when you meet our guests in just a moment. but before i introduce them, you know, i want you all to think about a couple of points. what is intelligence? what is the value of intelligence? and how do we ensure that every child out there can reach their full potential? i'm a neurosurgeon and i'm fascinated with the most complex biological system in the world. so let's take a moment to

appreciate it. by the time a human embryo is five weeks old, it is just the size of an apple seed. the brain has already begun to grow. by eight weeks, the basic structure of the brain and central nervous system are in place. the neuronetwork is threading out and even now the nerve signals are traveling more than 150 miles an hour. at birth, nearly all 100 billion nurones of the human brain are already in place. but the brain only weighs about 25% of what it will later on. it's about to embark on its fastest growing period, equal grouping in size by the time a child is just in preschool. by age 6, the brain is 90% of its adult size. during that burst of growth, 700 new connections are formed every second. as we gain the capacity to smile around 2 months. to talk, usually around a year. and to dress ourselves, around

the age of 3. in those early years, in fact throughout our lives, the brain changes through experience, learning to speak, taking those first steps, understanding colors and shapes, forming novel thoughts. but a certain nurones are used more frequently, other unused nur ones go away. it's a process called pruning. and almost anything can shape us in those baby and toddler years. first words, first ice cream, first tv show, first argument for better or worse. and here with me now, dr. rosemary trujillo. among other things, she is responsible for developing the curriculum that you see on sesame street. and a pediatrician from oakland, california, where she founded a center for youth wellness.

she is also an expert adviser to too small to fail, it was launched by mrs. clinton. i think you may recognize the woman right here to my left. back about four years ago i think the book was called "beyond the best interest of the child". >> you've done your home work. >> 40 years ago, your about 10 years old. >> very precocious fifth grader. >> it's interesting. we went back and looked at that research. when you talk about educational achievements, we certainly made progress in some areas. but over 40 years, i think most people agree not nearly as much as we would have wanted as a country. do you point any particular things and say here's where we missed the boat? >> i think a couple things. in no particular order. i think that life was not as fast paced or as stressful in many, many ways 40 years ago. and certainly even before that. yes, were there problems?

did our parents and grandparents face a lot of difficulties? absolutely. but in comment stagnated, people's economic futures don't seem as predictable and stable as they did perhaps to a prior generation. and that kind of stress and anxiety does affect how you interact with your children and particularly your youngest children. i think also with the increasing u bik ti of television and now with screens of all kinds in our homes, i think too many people drew the wrong conclusion that, yes, talking, teaching your children words, singing to thernlgs rethem, all that is great. but people are talking on tv. so if we put them there or give them access to a computer, ipad or whatever, they're going to get that, too. and what we now know from the brain research is that doesn't work that way. it's the human interaction and reinforcement. >> you talk a lot about adverse

childhood experiences. >> yes. >> i read in your paper, look, there are a lot of kids throughout that have tremendously tough lives. and they face a lot of adversity. how do you strat fi who is going to be able to rise through that and maybe even be better because of it and those who are just going to be really harmed by it? >> yeah. so the term adverse childhood experiences comes from a study done by the cdc and kaiser permen in take and when they looked at 17,500 adults, what they found is folks who had greater exposure to these adverse childhood experiences including abuse, neglect or household dysfunction like parental meantal illness or domestic violence sh those folks had dramatically increased risk of chronic disease. and when we look at individuals susceptibility to that, what the science shows us is that it's a

combination between nature and nurture. it has to do with our biology but it also has to do with the environment and, frankly, we know that early detection makes a big difference. and particularly whether we're thinking about young children, we know that children's exposure to adversity, the earlier we intervene, the better the outcome. >> is it important, secretary clinton, for two parents to be involved? you wrote the book "it takes a village." does it have to be a parent to provide some of the buffers that the doctor is talking about? >> i think as the doctor said, there are other ways to provide that buffer. sometimes it is a grandparent. sometimes it's an older sib ling or an aunlt or uncle. every child though needs a buffer or as i like to say, every child needs a champion. and that champion has to, you know, really invest in that child. and to a certain extent, buffer and protect that child from whatever the other stresses are.

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things like divorce, single parents, there are people who thrive and do fine. >> very quickly, as a child, i didn't know anything about my mother's really terrible upbringing, but as i became, you know, older teenager, young adult and i started learning more about what she'd been through, i was just amazed. i thought my gosh, you know, how did she turn out to be a loving mother for us? and i asked her one time. i said, you know, with everything that was going on, she had very young parents, 14 and 16. they divorced. they sent her off to california. she had a miserable time in her grand parents home. had to leave when she was 13 and all. that she said at every point there was some adult that showed her kindness. and so this is not just about the family and all the pressure

around the family. it's about the adult community. it's about, you know, the teacher she had. she didn't have any money for lunch. she was like in first grade. she would come every day and used to eat in the classroom and she would sit there, she had nothing to eat. the teacher noticed it. the teacher started bringing extra milk and maybe an extra half sandwich and not to embarrass my mother but to say oh, dpornlorothy, i'm so full, would like it? and years later, my mother realized that in effect that teacher was feeding her. >> i think secretary clinton, once you're a parent and you hear that story, it hits pretty hard. it's tough to imagine kids going through that. but it's happening still obviously right now. when i had kids, dinlt know what the right things were. my oldest is 9 now. the idea that parents should instinctively or know sort of the -- there's no rule book. there's no guide book. rosemary this is part of what

you do, i think. sesame street, is it a kid show or parenting show? >> it's bother. that's what's wonderful about sesame street. it is written on two levels. i often say sesame street brings the adult into what we call a co-viewing situation. and i urge parents of preschool children to watch the show because you are going to learn a lot about parenting. we're modelling the what we're talking about. we're modelling how you can be interacting and scaffold learning. it's both. >> we're talking about investing in mayby's minds. we're going to talk about screen time, when, what, how much, and we're going to make a few tough calls on this. i'll be right back. #

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life. they're more likely to go to college. they're more likely to have successful careers. it's this concept of self-control. self-control is something that sesame street tries to do as well. something they try to teach. for those that don't have young children in the house anymore, i want to show a short clip to remind people a little bit about what their work is about. >> sure. >> wait! >> whoa. why wait? >> because there is the waiting game. if you wait to eat the cookie until i get back, you get two cookies. >> this is a real cookie! ♪ good things come to those who wait ♪ ♪ good things come to those who wait ♪ >> you won the waiting game! ♪ good things come to those who wait ♪ >> we wait longer then we get three cookies. >> um, no.

>> then what me waiting for? >> i think -- i like that. it's well done. and parents do learn something there as well. can self control be taught? >> yes, it is taught. when you talk about executive function which are those cognitive skills that underlie your ability to self regulate, your ability to control your affect, your ability to have focused attention, more importantly, your ability to shift your attention so think about these children who have to go -- from home to school or different context. there are different rules and regulations. you need to be able to know how to behave and to process information in these various context. >> speaking of self control, by the way, i think you did a good job with chelsea. she's not finding out the sex of the baby. >> we have shown great executive

function. >> i think our work here is done. we don't know if you're going to wind up as president. we don't know -- we don't know if you're running i think, do we? >> yeah, i think that's true. >> okay. but we do know you're going to be a grand mother. >> that is absolutely the case. yes. >> do you think based on this discussion that we're having or the things that you think you would do, obviously your role will be different, it is grandmother, not a mother. do you think you'll do things differently now with this grandchild versus how you helped raise chelsea? >> so interesting because on my book tour over the summer, i must have shaken, i don't know, 70,000 hands and probably more than half of them mentioned something about being a grandparent. and oftentimes it joking, if i had known how good it was, i would have skipped the first part, that kind of back

and forth. i think that you have just a different perspective in part because of your time in life and all of that to enjoy a grandchild and most of us, when we have our children, you know, we're still younger, we're still striving, we're still preoccupied about what's going to happen in our lives and what the future looks like, and i think a lot of people look back and say well, you know, i did the best i could, but maybe i could have spent more time or i wish i had or i wish i hadn't been so busy and all the rest of it and i think being a grandparent you have that freedom at least that's what i'm told and i'm anxious to find out whether that's true, being a member of that club. when you compare the top speed of dsl from the phone company

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how to bring out the best of babies and toddlers. with me secretary hillary clinton, cindy mccain and jeffrey canada. toddlers hear an average of 2,153 words an hour from their parents and working class families it's 1,251 and poor families 616. it's a huge difference as you mentioned 30 million -- >> it's a huge gap and one of the things we were trying to figure out is why does that gap exist? right? why aren't poor families talking -- and so we started something we call baby college, we were sitting with parents trying to teach them about what we know about brain development, and you know what? no one's ever said it was important. lot of our parents think well, my kid's going to learn when i

send them to school and i don't have a great education so i don't really have much to offer so they're waiting and as long as the kid is fed and healthy and clean, they say i'm doing a good job as a parent. the fact that you should be actually talking with that child, they can't see what's happening with the neurons, and we have found when we explain it in ways that our families understand how critical it is that they actually are great teachers and they are the first teacher and that silly singing thing that you do like, i can't sing, i feel silly, that actually is like taking your kid to college, that a lot of this, sanjay, is that poor parents no one has sat down and explained that this is the most important thing they could give their child. >> next time i sing to my daughters i'm going to say it's like going to college. but it's a really good point and the message does seem to get across. we've looked at some of the data. people are hearing this message. cindy mccain, arizona in

particular, you have a lot of imxwrani immigrants living there. secretary clinton alluded to this, they don't speak a first language often. what are you seeing there? are people less likely to be reading to their children, to be speaking to their children, engaging that way? >> yes, the answer is absolutely yes, for the reasons that were mentioned they don't want to speak for their first language mostly in arizona it's spanish, they don't want to speak it, they think they should be speaking english instead, they don't want to reveal to the school or the neighborhood or the community center that they don't know or they have questions or they're frightened, so what too small to fail is teaching and what we believe in is speak the language, sing the language, storytell the language, talk to your baby, talk to your baby. it doesn't matter what language it's in. it's so important and when you see these mothers eyes when you give them the knowledge that yes, it's okay to do that, it's just like a light bulb goes on. it's wonderful to watch it.

it's enlightning and it's uplifting for the parents. >> i want to ask you something as well, jeffrey, about something that you've talk about in the past and i can't help but ask in the wake of what's happened with adrian peterson recently. >> yes. >> disciplining your child, corporal punishment. first of all there's no guidebook on any of this stuff and it's obviously a provocative issue for a lot of people out there. what do you tell the people that you're helping counsel? >> one of the areas we cover in baby cleng has to do wicollege o do with discipline and the most contentious issue, whether or not parents should use corporal punishment. you find a large set of beliefs around that's what's going to stop my child from ending up becoming a criminal or breaking the law or that, you know, you hear this spare the rod and spoil the child, all this is so deeply engrained in lots of

cultures so we took the time to explain, to have the debate with parents. you just can't say don't do it. to have the debate with parents and say look, there's another way that's more effective, the science is clear that you be more effective in getting what you want without using corporal punishment. i'll say this on the professional athlete issue. there is no excuse for that abuse. i don't excuse it from poor families who have no resources. i tell them if i see you injure your child i will call the authorities. i'm going to do that. you may not do that. so we can't make allowances for folk who actually have means and money. i just think it's a bad policy and we should just clamp down on that because if you injure a child you'll probably injure other people, too, the women. this is like in america, this is like enough with this hurting people. let's just put an end to it. >> unfortunately we have to leave it there. let me just say it's been an honor to be on the stage with all of you, cindy mccain,

jeffrey canada, secretary clinton you've been working on the issues for 40 years. i hope we're able to honor some of your perspectives as well. that will wrap it up for "sgmd." "new day sunday" conditions with christi paul and joe johns. welcome to your sunday, i'm christi paul. we're so glad to have you. >> i'm joe johns in for victor blackwell. it's 8:00 inspect east. we begin with breaking news and a new flashpoint of violence in ferguson, missouri, where a white police officer has been shot during what has been described as a patrol stop. police tell cnn the suspect is african-american, the officer is recovering from a gunshot wound to the arm. >> three hours later an off-duty officer in nearby st. louis was sprayed with gunfire as he drove his personal vehicle near the airport, again this was a personal vehicle, he was not in uniform. the officer wasn't hit either and we do not have description of the suspects.