. this is "gps, the the global public square." welcome to those of you in the united states and around the world, i'm fareed zakaria. the united states is at war against isis and a war that is not going so well. president obama has promised no boots on the ground, but there is one hardened force in the field doing battle well. the kurds, and i will ask can a top kurdish official if his people are ready for the long

fight. also, an all-star gps panel to grade the obama administration on how it did with this week's major challenges -- isis, ebola, an an insider attack from leon panet panetta. and then, why it is that the american economy is looking up, up, up, but most americans are very down about it. i will explain. and think you know who invented the lightbulb? think again. but first, here is my take. when television host bill maher declares on the weekly show that quote the muslim world has too much in common with isis, unquote, and the author sam harris a guest on the show concurs arguing that quote, islam is the mother lode of bad ideas, unquote, i understand why people get upset.

mahar and harris made crude and overexemplifycations, and yet it is real. i know about speaking against islam is vast and e reactionary and a vast world and in places like indonesia and india have hundreds of millions of muslims who don't fit the caricature, and that is why they are guilty of overexaggeration and simp simplification, but be honest, islam has a problem today. in 2013, according to the state department, of the top ten groups who perpetrated terrorist attacks, seven were muslims, and of the top ten countries where attacks took place, zen of seven of them were muslim countries. and so there is governments that are imposed by the free exercise of religion and of the most restricted, 19 of them are mostly islam majority.

there is a extreme majority, but a small amount of muslims harbor deep e reactionary attitudes toward women and militaries, and of those, there are not loud enough voices. and how many rallys have been held for pro islam? and the simple problem with mahar and harris's analogies is that it takes islam and describes it in a way that is in such a way inherent in islam. for his part sam harris describes himself as highly analytic with a phd no less and i learned in graduate school that you cannot explain a variable phenomenon with a fixed cause. so if you are asserting that islam is inherently violent and

intolerant and the mother lode of bad ideas, then since islam has been around for 14 sen is cli clis, we -- 14 centuries, we should have seen 14 centuries of this violent behavior. he should read thad zachary's book of "influence and cooperation." he explains that there have been wars, but many centuries of peace. he says that it is on the cutting edge of modernity. and so if you look at it, the islamic world is more tolerant of minorities than the christian world, and that is why there were more jews living in the middle east than other worlds, and more that 200,000. and so if the period was open, and moderate and peaceful, the

this suggestions that this is not in the the religious realm. i understand that as a public influential bill maher needs to talk about the unvarnished truth, though it is a simple and overexaggerated one. but there is certainly other officials who are trying to change the world for good. harris says he wants to encourage nominal muslims who don't take the faith seriously to reform the religion, and so that the strategy to reform islam is to tell 1.6 billion muslims most of whom are pias and devout that the religion is evil and they should stop taking it seriously? that is not how christianity moved from the centuries of violence and crusades and witch burnings, an intolerance to the modern state. on the contrary, intellectuals and theologians celebrated those

elements of christianity that were liberal and moderate and tolerant and emphasizing that and giving devout christians reason to take pride in the faith. the stakes are high in the debate. you can try to make news or you can try to make a difference. i hope that mahar starts to do the ladder. for more go to my website and read the latest column. cnn.com/fareed. let e let's get started. if, and it is a big if, the united states and the allies are going to defeat isis without western combat boots on the ground, they are going to have to rely heavily on the kurds, but will the kurds play along? are the peshmerga fighters up to the task? we will ask somebody who knows. we have a leading kurdish power broker who has held powerful

positions there and former prime minister of iraqi-kurdistan and the prime minister of all of iraq. and pleasure to have you on. >> thank you for having me. >> and first, give us the assessment of whether the u.s. air strikes and this military campaign is having an effect, and is isis weakerr, because on the ground so far, it is not appearing that way. >> well, i think it is fair to say that these air strikes have slowed down isis' advances, but nowhere enough to defeat isis. and what we see also in kobani and the neighboring syria is also a statement to the fact ha the air strikes while welcomed and important are nowhere near enough to defeat isis. >> and let's talk about the iraqi army, because one of the problems is that maliki, the former prime minister had fired a lot of good sunni generals and colonels and replaced them with shiite loyalists, and the army

lost morale and they were not willing to fight. and so even though we have a new iraqi government, and the concessions that should have been made to the sunnis to draw them back have not been made. has the army been fixed? >> i think that we have to be honest and direct about these issues. the iraqi army has collapsed and evaporated and this is not the take away from the good men in iraqi uniform that have been there, and fighting isis, but basically the structure and the command structure has totally evaporated and collapsed. at the end of the day, the mi military needs to be a professional institutions, and the type of leadership that we have had in iraq over the past few years has politicized the army and divided it on sectarian lines and not able to stand up to the challenge. oanother factor that is in all of this is corruption. iraq has access to easy money, a and this money has been often used to buy the loyal i the, and

this corruption has reached the army, and in the past, it has created a shell in a sense that was not able to withstand any real pressure. therefore, we need to really go back to the basics. >> what about the peshmerga? will the kurdish army, and this is the force that protects the kurdish part of iraq, is this going to be willing to go into battle in iraq potentially into syria to fight isis since you do need an effective fighting force on the ground? >> well, my own sense is that i can say this definitively, kurdistan has emerged as the most reliable partner in the coalition of the fight against isis. and a number of reasons for that, but one of the reasons that i am proud of is that kurdistan has a tolerant society and tolerance of views and we have isis, and so they are fighting nearly 1,000 kilometers of the lines by the kurdish, but i have

to say that the mantra is that the kurdish should not be relied upon to go to mosul for the heartland of the sunni areas or baghdad. with can be there to support. we can be there to support, but at the same time the community there needs to be empowered. >> because you would be seen as a foreign army -- >> yes. and one has to acknowledge this real ti. this is payback time. over the last ten years, there were lots of communities, and particularly in the sunni a area that felt marginalized and the isis extremists have taken advantage of the gree veievance this is an incubating ground for them. the fundamental answer is to empower the communities to take on the extremists. >> and the final question, you're absolutely right that the kurds of iraq have proven to be the most reliable part mer for the united states for a while now. is the payback after all of this is going to be to declare

independence? >> every kurd wants independence. that is the reality of the it, but i genuine byly do believe that the kurds are the ones who will have the least problem with the united iraq, a decent iraq, and to date, iraq wants to see the kurds succeed. they want to be a partner with them, and in making iraq a success, however, what is tearing them apart is corruption, sectarianism, and regional interventions, and above all, political elite that has failed to seize the moment, and building a a nation from the ashes of genocide and the terror that saddam hussein has left us. >> what a pleasure to have you on. >> the pleasure is all mine, sir. and next on "gps" the all-star panel weighs in on what they heard of the kurds and the obama administration's response to the threat of ebola, and enough? too little? too late? all when we come back.

kid: hey dad, who was that man? dad: he's our broker. he helps looks after all our money. kid: do you pay him? dad: of course. kid: how much? dad: i don't know exactly. kid: what if you're not happy? does he have to pay you back? dad: nope. kid: why not? dad: it doesn't work that way. kid: why not? vo: are you asking enough questions about the way your wealth is managed? wealth management at charles schwab inside a car designed to connect you to a world of possibilities. the connected car by volvo innovating for you.

"easy like monday morning."s sundays are the warrior's day to unplug and recharge. what if this feeling could last all week? with centurylink as your trusted partner, it can. our visionary cloud infrastructure and global broadband network free you to focus on what matters. with custom communications solutions and dedicated support, your business can shine all week long. [chris] tit hugs you.s to your body. [jeffery] i don't have to think about how to get comfortable anymore. [evie] this zips off so i can wash it-yes, please. [robert]dude,tempur-pedic is killing it. [kevin] no more tossin' and turnin', trying to find a comfortable spot in bed. [christi] it's really cool to the touch. [chelsea] my tempur-pedic... cuddles better than my husband does. but,that's just between you and me. [announcer] visit your local retailer and

feel the tempur-pedic difference for yourself. when folks think about wthey think salmon and energy. but the energy bp produces up here creates something else as well: jobs all over america. engineering and innovation jobs. advanced safety systems & technology. shipping and manufacturing. across the united states, bp supports more than a quarter million jobs. when we set up operation in one part of the country, people in other parts go to work. that's not a coincidence. it's one more part of our commitment to america.

i have a terrific panel with me today, so let's dig in. francis fumiani is one of the most interesting public officials to today from the department of foreign affairs at vanderbilt university, and how about -- >> well, i think that obama does not have a military strategy,

but a bunch of tactics that are put in place, and part of the pr problem in the region and the reason that we have had trouble gather morgue people to our side, and more countries to the side is because they don't know what the end game is. the turks want him to say that al assad should be out, and he has said mitt the past, but not now, and the arabs are not sure where the president is headed, and we are hitting without any m major strategy or end game in place. >> and but, can air power by itself do it. gideon? you wrote a dissertation about the military strategy, a nd thee is a long debate about this from world war ii. what can the air power achieve? >> unless you are prepared to go in much, much bigr than we have thus far or plan to, no. because you have to pin it down and then the take the ground with the ground troops. i agree with what dani said, but to be criticized for not being having no strategy, this problem

cannot be solved absent a much larger and nastier intervention which i don't believe makes sense, because it is not worth for it the u.s. interests, and while i agree with the criticisms of the administration, i wish they would back out and not talk so big, so they would ooeither bac up the big intervention on the ground. >> you agree? >> yes f anything that we should have learned from afghanistan and iraq, we don't have the staying power and the resources and the patience to produce a particular political outcome on the ground in any part of that world. we can't gets a saud out of there, and actually, president obama overpromised by saying that he is going to destroy isis, because it is 13 years, and we have not destroyed al qaeda. >> and would you do the containment strategy? >> well, containment is appropriate, because we should not have permanent friends and enemies in the region. what we want to do is to prevent the bad actors from harming the people that with we care about like the kurds. so we lean gaiagainst isis, and

lean against assad, and we can't p pretend to have a end game for syria, because we have no idea what that would look like. >> and containment, and you, russell mead? >> well, this is the problem that people are worrying about for some time is that the president, and his instincts are right about wanting no part of any of the horrible mess. as everybody is saying, it is, you know, only going to get uglier as you get deeper, and the trouble is that the longer you wait, the worse the optios s are including the option of trying to do nothing. and what we have seen is the president has tried to stay out, and done everything possible to follow gideon and frank's advice, but then something happens that makes it impossible the do that and by the time that has happened all of the other options are worse than they would have been a couple of years ago. >> but you would favor ground troops, u.s. ground troops going in there? it is the only way to hold ground properly? >> look, we are in the awkward situation. everybody is in many ways right.

the president and the president is in a very difficult place, and he has overpromise d, and h has a history of overpromising, and walking back. red lines in syria, and degrade and destroy, and they no longer use the word destroy when they talk about isis, and he only used it a couple of weeks ago, and so, no, frankly, there are not many people enthusiastic about the notion of ground troops, and particularly combat troops, but we do have troops on the ground already, fareed n this part of the world, and they are helping. we need to be more decisive. >> what should he do? >> well, i have been saying it for a long time, the problem is the options three years ago were way bert than now, and we should have been using more air power then and supporting the syrian oppositi opposition then, and we should still do it. >> you wanted to use air power against assad which three years ago it would have helped isis. >> three years ago there was no isis, and al qaeda in iraq had

not morphed. it is because we were willing to stay out of this part of the world and not pick winners such as isis and al nusra, and now they have risen up. >> it is like a game of thrones in iraq and syria. no political authority or the stable strauk chur a-- stable s we have to let the parties fight it out, because we won't provide political order, and so the vital interest is to back uf and let it play out. it is messy and ugly, but no reason to believe it is going to be coming back to strike the u.s. in the homeland in a dramatically way, and that is a lot of exaggerated last words. >> fatal last words. >> and we should have a course and stick to it. no reason that walter says to be drawn in. you take the agency out of the picture. and if you have a policy, stick

it to it. just because the media policies are not good, there is no reason to give a speech and sound like he is doing something bold. >> we are going to pivot and talk about ebola and maybe leon panetta all with this panel when we come back. on allowed me to start investing for my retirement. transamerica made it easy. [ female announcer ] everyone has a moment when tomorrow becomes real. transamerica. transform tomorrow. transamerica. we asked people a question how much money do you think you'll need when you retire? then we gave each person a ribbon to show how many years that amount might last. i was trying to like, pull it a little further got me to 70 years old i'm going to have to rethink this thing it's hard to imagine how much we'll need for a retirement that could last 30 years or more. so maybe we need to approach things differently, if we want to be ready for a longer retirement. ♪

[light instrumental music] ♪ female announcer: recycle your old fridge and get $50. schedule your free pickup at: thank you. ordering chinese food is a very predictable experience.

i order b14. i get b14. no surprises. buying business internet, on the other hand, can be a roller coaster white knuckle thrill ride. you're promised one speed. but do you consistently get it? you do with comcast business. and often even more. it's reliable. just like kung pao fish. thank you, ping. reliably fast internet starts at $89.95 a month. comcast business. built for business.

we are back with the star-studded panel, and we were talk about the the fact that you use air power and going into the places and on the ground, we don't have know how to create political order, and this is what frank, that your book is a about how the u.s. cannot create order in these places. when i think about ebola, i am thinking about the partly sense of issues and part of liberia that they don't have the capacity of the states to do what we want. >> as americans, we worry a lot about democracy, and we worry about constraining powerful states because of the history. but the problem, and most of the developing world is that they don't have state pow toer to be with. they don't have the capacity. so con can trolling an ep dem

uk -- epidemic like ebola is a state public health issue. if you have space suits and the thing, then you can get it in control, and that is what is lacking in sierra leone and liberia and guinea as well as s sub saharan africa. >> and you think, that surely, good guys this there and you have a 12-corner fight, and this strikes you as the triumph of hope over experience. >> well, i mean, you could look at syria the way that ronald reagan looked at the big pile of manure and said, there must be a pony in here somewhere. well, if there were order in syria, that would be the best that you could get, and it is unlike that are there is a order that we would like. so, this is -- it is not that there is some like magic policy

prescription that we can just set out, and the disorder and chaos and violence in the world will go away. we live in wild times. >> all right. there is however a group of people who always seem to believe that there was a magic prescription that would make things much better and that they had prescribed it two or three years ago and this is the former officials who leave the cabinet and write a memoir and miraculously, they are always the heroes and heroines of their story and point to a policy debate two or three years ago in which ironically, they were right and the events have proven it, and am i being too skeptical of panetta and frankly hillary and everyone who puts the books out somehow can find that one nsc meeting. >> if only the president had read my memo, it would be

different. they are writing the story as if it were their own. and the talk in washington is loyalty and disloyalty, and there is a smell around the notion that if someone like leon panetta was so disenchanted and disrespectf fuful of the presid one would say, why didn't you step down. and it is always the culture as people like colin powell and others have written books, and it is not true. the challenges are much more complex and the situation is much more complex and that said, i will certainly buy leon panetta's book. >> and george marshall did not write the memoirs after he left running world war ii being secretary of state and defense, and he believed to write a memoir about the government as if it is to dishonorably profit from the government service, and is this an antique idea?

>> there are class issues of the old values that may not be there in the mer toe kratic world. and there was a line in bob gates' book, and a line that displays no self-awareness and he is huffy about obama opening up a meeting, that i hope that you are taking notes so that it can be appear very credible in your memoirs. and it is if you were the president, you would be forgiven to not trust anybody, and maybe that is why valerie jarrett is the one so important to the administrati administration, because she is not writing a memoir. >> and is this why the white house is so centralized and control and this is an inevitable way to operate for the white house? >> well, this white house has continued to trend and centralizing more and more a authority in a smaller and smaller circle of people, and

then i think that what we also see is the same trend in past administrations, that the small circle of people can't do the job very well, and they are going to be overwhelmed and blind sided. you know, because you think of the small group around the president, and one morning, it is bombing isis, and another is beheading and then you have dibs on the volunteer, and prostitute in colombia and was that handled proper will i? and so a small group of people around the president, and the inboxes are on fire everyday, and you have lost the ability to use the larger bureaucracies which for all of the flaws, if you have got people out there with the public service ethic, and that kind of thing today, they are in some of the institutions. so somehow, the executive has lo lost, the executive branch has lost the ability to use the resources that are there arguably to say it is the same thing for say the pre-iraq planning in the bush

administration, where a small circle of people concentrated auth authority and then a lot of people with experience and background weren't part of the discussion where they could have made things better. >> and one of the best parts of frank's book is about this question, the decline of the american political institutions, and the professional civil service organization that we used to have. >> and wouldn't be the argument that people would make is from the bush a administration or the obama administration is, looking, the bureaucracies will sit around and do nothing. the only way to have purposeful action quickly is to get it, get the white house to get on it. >> well, there is a problem of the permanent bureaucracy which has an attitude toward the executive and the towards the elected officials that i will be here when you are gone. but at the end of the day, what this really boils down to, and what frank has talked about gideon and walter is the crisis of leadership. when you have a president who is leading, and when you hahave a

president who has a vision, he should be bringing people along, whether they are political can appointees or political appointees, and the fact that whether it is bush or obama that have been incapable or unwilling to do it is really a crisis of the leadership, because valerie jarrett can't figure out the iranian nuclear program and the cure to ebola. >> on that note, we have to have danielle pletka and gideon rose and frank fumuyama and walter mead back again. and now, why are most americans feeling like they are falling behind when we have positive economic data. type 2 diabetes affects millions of us.

and for many, it's a struggle to keep your a1c down. so imagine - what if there was a new class of medicine that works differently to lower blood sugar? imagine, loving your numbers. introducing once-daily invokana®.

it's the first of a new kind of prescription medicine that's used along with diet and exercise to lower blood sugar in adults with type 2 diabetes. invokana® is a once-daily pill that works around the clock to help lower a1c. here's how: the kidneys allow sugar to be absorbed back into the body. invokana® reduces the amount of sugar allowed back in, and sends some sugar out through the process of urination. and while it's not for weight loss, it may help you lose some weight. invokana® can cause important side effects, including dehydration, which may cause some people to have loss of body water and salt. this may also cause you to feel dizzy, faint, lightheaded, or weak especially when you stand up. other side effects may include kidney problems, genital yeast infections, urinary tract infections, changes in urination, high potassium in the blood, or increases in cholesterol. do not take invokana® if you have severe kidney problems or are on dialysis or if allergic to invokana® or its ingredients.

symptoms of allergic reaction may include rash, swelling, difficulty breathing or swallowing. if you experience any of these symptoms, stop taking invokana® and call your doctor right away or go to the nearest hospital. tell your doctor about any medical conditions, medications you are taking, and if you have kidney or liver problems. using invokana® with a sulfonylurea or insulin may increase risk of low blood sugar. it's time. lower your blood sugar with invokana®. imagine loving your numbers. ask your doctor about invokana®. >> now for the "what in the world" segment. the american economy is back, and this week the imf projected that the united states is going to be one of the most advanced growing e e kconomies in the wo

in 2015, and the american economy is just about the great exception in a world of signs of economic stagnation. good news is piling on. the kcongressional budget offic announced that the u.s. deficit fell by nearly one-third in the fiscal year marking a six-year low, and the dow industrial average and the s &p 500 surged to record highs in the last month and the most recent economic snapshot of the last month shows that the private sector employment grew for the 55th month in a row, and the unemployment rate is 5.9%, the lowest level since july of 2008, but, and here is the paradox, despite a relatively robust are recovery now, americans are not feeling more prosperous. in fact, 56% of the americans polled by the pugh research center said they are falling behind financially, which is the

same percentage in october of 2008 in the heat of the wall street crisis. so why are so many people despondent over the economy when the statistics say it is doing well? for some insight, listen to a recent interview that president obama granted cbs news' "60 minut minutes." >> ronald reagan used to ask the question, are you better off than you were four years ago and in this case can, better than six, and the answer is yes, the country is definitely better off than before i came into office. >> and do the people feel it? >> no, because the incomes and the the wages are not going up. >> well, the president is right. the one number a that is not up is the average american's p paycheck. look at this data from "the e economist," which cites census data showing that the first six years of ronald reagan's presidency the u.s. economy grew by 22%, and the median household

income also shot up by 6%. fast forward to bill clinton's first six years in the office, and the nation's gdp grew by 22%, and median income increased 1 11%. and then it starts to turn. the first six years of george w. bush presidency saw 6% gdp growth, but 12% decrease in the median incomes, and like wise in the first six years of president obama's presidency, there is a increase in gdp of 8%, but a decline of 4% in personal income. so, this is probably why president obama's approval rating is poorer than reagan's by the first reelection as shown by gallop.

the average hourly wage for americans actually decreased by a penny last month. why are the wages stagnating or falling? nobody is sure. generally when unemployment drop, and the workers can demand better wage, but it ist not happening. and no one knows why. maybe it is globalization with the endless supply of endless cheap labor from around the world or technology that replaces people with machines and software or other more technical factors, but i think that we can confidently say that until all of this change, and until the majority of americans who do have jobs see some improvement in their wages, they will feel gloomy, and that is going to have economic consequences in the years ahead, but also political consequence s in the weeks ahead. next on "gps" how air conditioning helped to get ronald reagan elected president. really a fascinating conversation with the author

steven johnson. you don't want to miss it. but airlines running hp end-to-end solutions are always calm during a storm. so if your business deals with the unexpected, hp big data and cloud solutions make sure you always know what's coming - and are ready for it. make it matter. inside a car designed to connect you to a world of possibilities. the connected car by volvo innovating for you.

having a perfectly nice day, when out of nowhere a pick-up truck slams into your brand new car. one second it wasn't there and the next second... boom! you've had your first accident. now you have to make your first claim. so you talk to your insurance company and... boom! you're blindsided for a second time. they won't give you enough money to replace your brand new car. don't those people know you're already shaken up? liberty mutual's new car replacement will pay for the entire value of your car plus depreciation. call

and for drivers with accident forgiveness, liberty mutual won't raise your rates due to your first accident. switch to liberty mutual insurance and you could save up to $423 dollars. call liberty mutual for a free quote today at see car insurance in a whole new light. liberty mutual insurance.

the ultimate arena for business. hour after hour of diving deep, touching base, and putting ducks in rows. the only problem with conference calls: eventually they have to end. unless you have the comcast business voiceedge mobile app. it lets you switch seamlessly from your desk phone to your mobile with no interruptions. i've never felt so alive. get the future of phone and the phones are free. comcast business. built for business.

>> you flip a switch and you get light. the turn the kitchen faucet on, you get water. these are the things that most of us take for granted and most of us can't remember a time when they didn't happen, but they were extraordinary developments of the time and they took extraordinary innovation to achieve. these innovations and more are all chronicled in the new book and companion pbs series titled "how we got to now." i began by asking him this weekend about the light bulb, which we all know thomas edison invented, right? maybe not. >> edison didn't really invent the light bulb. every skil child -- in fact, there were 20 other people in the decade or two leading up to

edison's version of the light bulb who basically hit upon the same solution. there was something at that moment in history, a series of new snfgs breakthroughs, understanding the behavior of electricity in a vacuum, material science, that came together to make a light bulb imaginable. nobody was even thinking about a light bulb, 150 years before. >> edison himself acknowledges -- has always acknowledged the painstaking work of trial and error. he always says genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration. he says you never fail 1,000 times. i just found 1 sthous ways not to do it. >> he not the model for innovation that then became central to the 20th century, so had he these kind of r & d labs. he had a team of people who had very different skills. people who were really fwood with material science and people good at thinking about electricity, people that were good at thinking about large network systems, and he was good at kind of managing all of them

and innocentiveizing all of them. that was actually the new model for creativity and innovation that then became kind of the 20th century template for that. >> then you have innovation that happens in one dimension and leaves something out. the story of the phonograph is -- >> we always tell stories about the brilliant people in terms of their successes, but when you are on the cutting edge, you often have these weird blind spots where you can't see something, so there's a great -- a little bit tragic story about this french inventor named edward leon scott demartinville who invented the device for recording audio and gets a patent for it. in 1855, which is 20 years before edison invents the phonograph, right? you know, everybody said i thought edison invented the phonograph. the reason you haven't heard of him is invented a device that would capture sound waves, brilliantly take them in and inscribe them on this rotating cylinder. great idea. he failed to include a mechanism

for playing back the audio. there was no way to listen to it. you could record it. you just -- but it was just sitting there as a bunch of skribls. what i love about it is it wasn't that he was trying to do this. it never even occurred to him. it was completely in his blind spot, and it eventually took people like edison and actually graham bell who used that technology to invent the telephone to come up with a system that could record odd wroe a -- audio and then play it back. >> recognizing the spillover and unintended consequences, and that's the thing that powers the world in a way these days as one thing leads to another. tell the story of what you call coal and ice transformed the world. >> it is really one of the most fun things about both the book and the show. you get taken on these kind of surprising adventures, and the story of cole -- we always think about fire as the ultimate early innovation, but we've been doing that for 100,000 years.

we've been cooking food with fire and so on. we've only really been tinkering with artificial coal for about 200 years, and it started with the ice trade. there was a massive business built up of people cutting huge chunks of ice from frozen lakes in new england and shipping them to bombay and rio and the caribbean. this guy frederick tutor, who we think about, you know, made a fortune doing this, and it sounds crazy, but, you know, the ice was just something that never showed up in those places, and you could actually keep the ice from melting in a ship for that long, which was extraordinary. that created then a demand for artificial cold and things like refrigerators and then air conditioning were invented, and the extraordinary thing is when air conditioning enters the mainstream kind of household in the united states, right after world war ii, it triggers the -- one of the -- if not the biggest migration of human beings in the

united states history as everyone moves from the colder northern states to the hot sun belt states, the desert states and florida and so on. places that were very hard to live before air conditioning. that migration creates a huge swing in the electoral college. there was a vote swing because of air conditioning from north to south. that is crucial then to the kind of coalition that ronald reagan relies on to get elected president in 1980. if air conditioning hadn't been inventeded, reagan might have gotten elected, but he would have had to build a completely different set of constituencies. >> great to have you on. >> it's great to be back. thanks. next on "gps" terrorists and twitter. the bad guys have been using social networks to, well, terrorize people, but we'll show you how one member of the taliban seems to have revealed something he surely did not want the whole world to see.

what was it? we'll tell you when we come back. erman group is growing. getting in a groove. growth is gratifying. goal is to grow. gotta get greater growth. i just talked to ups. they got expert advise, special discounts, new technologies. like smart pick ups. they'll only show up when you print a label and it's automatic. we save time and money. time? money? time and money. awesome. awesome! awesome! awesome! awesome! (all) awesome! i love logistics. ok, if you're up there, i coulsmart sarah.elp. seeking guidance. just like with your investments. that sets you apart. it does? it does. you're type e*. and seeking another perspective is what type e*s do. oh, and your next handhold... is there. you don't have to go it alone. e*trade gives you the support and guidance to make informed decisions.

are you type e*?

you know your dentures can unlike natural teeth. try new fixodent plus truefeel. this smooth formula helps keep dentures in place. it's free of flavors and colorants for a closer feeling to natural teeth. fixodent. and forget it.

there was a different kind of gps in the news this week. the first nobel prize of the week. the prize in physiology on medicine was awarded for discovering cells that make up an inner gps in the brain. these cells essentially allow the brain to recognize one's position and navigate. the prize was split by a scientist from a london university and scientist from norway, which brings me to my question. in the history of the nobel prize, which of the following duos has not won or shared the prize? either separately or as a pair. this week's book of the week is "crazy is a compliment, the power of zigging when everyone else zags" by linda rottenberg. usually they're full of cheerful plat tuds, but with little wisdom. she found aid group that has helped almost 1,000 small entrepreneurs around the world for decades. the book is filled with fascinating stories, wonderfully

told with important lessons and warnings for anyone working in any kind of organization. her smarts, enthusiasm, and intelligence are captivating whether you are an entrepreneur or not. now for the last look. terrorists and jihadys have embraced social media using the wild west of the internet to exhibit bravado and spread their messages of hate. the bad guys have learned how to turn twitter into a tool of terror, and twitter is fighting back. one analyst who monitors such accounts, j. m. burger, tweeted last month that twitter suspended 400 accounts linked to isis in just seven hours. social media can also sometimes be a counterterrorism weapon. just last week afghan taliban spokesperson zabula mu somewhere ahi might have made the cia's job a little easier. his twitter profile says he is in kabul, but he posted tweet that is showed his location and as many media outlets reported,

those tweets showed him to be in neighboring pakistan where many believed leaders of his group are in hiding. he could be claimed to be the victim of a "enemy forgery" turned off the location feature and showed that it is possible positive spoof your location by sending a tweet that made it look like he was in brian, ohio, population 8,000. while it is possible he was hacked, i think the book twitter for dummies might better explain what happened. the correct answer to the gps challenge question is, a, two sisters. five married couples can now boast of being nobel laureates, four whom shared the prize. a mother and a daughter, a faur and a daughter. both those belong to the curie family and a pair of brothers also share that honor. fathers and sons have actually won six times. one pair as a team. all this according to nobel media. thanks to all of you for being part of my program this week. i will see you next week.

the announcement from the cdc about ebola. for the first time ever a person has contracted it here in the united states. >> we don't know what occurred in the care of the index patient of the original patient in dallas, but at some point there was a breach in protocol. >> brand new questions about hospitals' ability to properly prepare doctors and health care work toerz handle the deadly disease. we have reporters on the ground. plus, a team of doctors around the country. our team coverage of the breaking news starts right now. >> this is cnn breaking news. hello. i'm debra in for frederica whitfield. against all odds and despite extraordinary precaution, the

ebola virus was spread from an infected fisht a nurse at presbyterian hospital in dallas. she is in stable condition, but the transmission may go even further. a person close to the nurse has been placed in pro active isolation. here's what we know. hospital officials say the female nurse was in full protective gear when she helped treat ebola patients thomas eric duncan who died wednesday. it is the first confirmed transmission of the deadly disease inside the united states. the cdc is following up with a second test to confirm it is ebola and investigate how the virus spread to her. results of that test are expected today. the white house says president obama has been kept up-to-date on the situation in dallas by health and human services secretary sylvia burwell. meanwhile, dallas officials are going to pains to reassure the public that the danger has been contained. mayor mike allings say the nurse's apartment complex has been sealed. neighbors alerted in a four-block radius, and hazmat teams have