>> in average man's life there are two or three emotional experiences burned into his heart and his brain. and no matter what happens to me i'll remember november 22nd as long as i live. >> there has been an attempt on the life of president kennedy. >> they are combing the floors of the texas book depository building to find assassin. >> did you shoot the president? >> i'm just a patsy.

>> oswald has been fired at point blank range, fired into his stomach. >> police are working on the assumption that oswald's murder was to shut him up. >> elements of the central intelligence agency killed john kennedy. >> a story that has been suppressed. witnesses have been killed. we have a right to know who killed our president and why he died. ♪ ♪ ♪

in dallas, preparations were already under way for extraordinary police protection when the president should arrive. >> do you anticipate any trouble on the president's arrival? >> because of what has happened here previously we would be foolish, i think, not to anticipate some trouble.

i don't -- really i don't anticipate any violence. >> here comes air force number one, the president's plane now touching down. there is mrs. kennedy, and the crowd yells. and the president of the united states. and i can see his sun tan all the way from here. >> looking at how things actually went, it wasn't just a trip to dallas, it was a political trip preparing for the 1964 elections. >> shaking hands now with the dallas people, governor and mrs. connolly, governor connolly on your left. >> it was whether kennedy, using all his charisma and influence to get all the squabbling democrats in texas to come together before the election the next year. >> and here comes the president now. in fact he is not in his limo, he is reaching across the fence shaking hands. >> in those days everybody could get a lot closer to the president. i was standing behind mrs. kennedy and saw a hand reach through the chain link fence and break off one of the red roses. >> thousands of children now swarming, trying to get over the fence. the dallas police trying to keep them back. >> this is great for the people and makes the egg shells even thinner for the secret service, whose job it was to guard the man. >> the trip had gone terrifically well in texas. pretty hard to write a script for it going any better. >> thousands will be on hand for that motorcade now, which will be in downtown dallas. >> a number of my classmates were gone, they were at the parade. my father had been invited to have lunch with kennedy at the

trade center. there was a mood, a climate of excitement. >> the speech of president kennedy at the dallas trade mart will be broadcast by radio. stay tuned for the dallas speech at the trade mart. on 570 radio. ♪ ♪ ♪ work hard in the daytime rest easy at night ♪ ♪ big boss man won't you hear me when i call ♪ ♪ yeah big boss man won't you hear me when i call ♪ ♪ well you ain't so big you just tall and that's all ♪ >> this bulletin just into the news. three shots were fired at the motorcade of president kennedy. today in downtown dallas. >> police radios are carrying that the president has been hit.

>> parkland hospital has been advised to stand by for a severe gunshot wound. >> this is walter cronkite, in our newsroom. and -- there has been an attempt on the life of president kennedy. >> just turn the mic on. i can't hear you, johnny. what do you want? you want me to move back a little bit. is it all right now? is this all right? ladies and gentlemen, i would like to introduce to you the chief cameraman. and assistant news director. bert, we have brought the people pretty much up to date. would you tell them exactly what you know as of this point? >> well, i was standing at the trade mart, waiting for his arrival there. all of a sudden we saw them approaching, they didn't slow

down, as a matter of fact, they were going 70, 80 miles an hour past us. and then i jumped into a police car and went to parkland. >> these two men come in and one of them had a large machine gun and they were hollering for the cots and the stretcher and everything. the governor they brought him in first. >> and then what happened after this? >> then the president came in behind him and they took both of them back -- >> albert thomas, democrat of texas is standing outside the corridor of the emergency room said he has been told the president was still alive but in very critical condition. two priests who are with president kennedy say he is dead. of bullet wounds. this is the latest information we have from dallas. i will repeat, with the greatest regret, two priest whose were with president kennedy says he has died of bullet wounds.

the press secretary, filling in, then he had to draw himself up to give the most fateful announcement a press secretary may have ever had to give. >> all the cameras were rolling. i remember he put his fingers like this on the desk and pressed very hard to stop his hand trembling. >> john f. kennedy died at approximately 1:00 central standard time. today here in dallas he died of a gunshot wound in the brain. i have no other details regarding the assassination of the president.

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>> i just can't believe it. >> ma'am? >> you don't know what's going on. why? why did it happen? >> secret service agents. automatic weapon fired possibly from a grassy knoll. >> i saw some police run up. i thought they're chasing the gunman. i ran with them. i got to the top. looked around.

a policeman went over the fence. i went over the fence too. there was nothing there. >> it was thought the shots came from him here. and it's believed the shots came from this building here. >> they are combing the floors in the effort to find the suspected assassin. >> in the building on the sixth floor we found an area near a window that had possibly been blocked off by boxes. and also the three spent shells that had been fired from a rifle.

>> crime lab lieutenant day came out of that building with a british .303 rifle. >> it was a 7.65 mauser. >> a high-powered army or japanese rifle. >> a .3030 rifle. >> much of the first things you hear are going to be wrong and to some degree you were constantly trying to separate out what seemed to be a fact. >> in dallas, just a short while ago, a police officer was shot. and killed while chasing a suspect. >> j.d. tippit was shot three times in the chest in the oak cliff section of dallas. then the manager of a shoe store saw the suspect walk into the texas theater. >> someone has been arrested in one of the downtown theaters. they don't know if it was the person who shot the policeman or the person who actually shot president kennedy.

>> the police dragged him out of theater. as the crowd started to break they grabbed this man and tried to run with him. they shouted "murder" and the officers hustled him into the car and ran away just as fast as they could. >> as we mentioned a short while ago a number of arrests have been made in dallas in the wake of president kennedy's death. but at the time we had not been able to connect the two in any way. >> there will be a great deal of confusion. mr. oswald through the door. oswald lives, an employee of the book mining firm in the building, which the police and

secret servicemen believe the president was shot today. >> mrs. kennedy accompanied the body in an ambulance to the airport where it will be flown back to washington. >> lyndon johnson ordered that body be brought immediately to air force one. so there was a little tug of war. they almost shook the crucifix off the top of the coffin as they were trying to get the coffin out of the hospital. >> vice president johnson is expected to be sworn in as president aboard an airliner before flying back to the nation's capital. >> johnson wanted to show the american people that the government was functioning without interruption. and also perhaps he wanted to show that his predecessor's

family bore him no ill will for the assassination. >> lyndon johnson is flying back to washington to take the reins of government, at which time president johnson will have to take into his hands the reins of the most powerful nation in the world. >> is there any doubt in your mind chief that oswald is the man that killed the president? >> i think this is the man that killed the president, yes, sir. >> is there any evidence any one else may have been linked with oswald in this shooting. >> at this time we don't believe so. >> i don't know what this is all about. >> did you kill the president? >> no, sir, i didn't. >> sir? >> did you shoot the president? >> i work in that building. >> were you in that building at the time? >> naturally if i work in that building, yes, sir. >> back up, man. >> taken in because of the fact that i lived in the -- >> did you shoot the president? >> i'm just a patsy. >> this is room 317, homicide

burro here at the dallas police station. as you see, they are bringing the weapon allegedly used in the assassination of president john f. kennedy this afternoon at 12:30 here in dallas. >> in the wake of the kennedy assassination, the dallas police on the one hand were committing all of their resources to try and solve a crime. in the end, they were ill equipped to handle this tsunami of reporters. >> well, i was questioned by a judge, but i protested at that time that i was not allowed legal representation. >> in bringing oswald out, they were of course doing something

that you would never see happen today, but they were trying to cooperate with the press, with the understanding that there would not be questions shouted to him. >> did you kill the president? >> no, i have not been charged with that. in fact, nobody has said that to me yet. the first thing i heard about it was when the newspaper reporters in the hall asked me that question. >> you have been charged. >> sir? >> you have been charged? >> nobody said what? >> okay. >> what did you do in russia? >> oswald. >> how did you hurt your eye? >> a policeman hit me. >> at 1:35 this morning, a complaint was read. it charged that quote, lee harvey oswald did voluntarily and with malice aforethought kill john f. kennedy by shooting him with a gun end quote following the reading of the

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>> chief, can you tell us in summary what directly links oswald to the killing of the president? >> well, the fact that he was on the floor where the shots were fired from immediately before the shots were fired. the fact he was seen carrying a package to the building, the fact that -- >> when was he carrying that package? >> yesterday morning.

during 12 hours of interrogation, the dallas police department over the weekend, he told one provable lie after another. >> did you buy that rifle? >> that's the facts you people have been given but i emphatically deny these charges. >> within a day or so thereafter when they discovered what a complete nut this guy was, they were satisfied beyond all reasonable doubt that oswald had acted alone. >> there's only one thing i can tell you without going into the evidence that this case is cinched, that this man killed the president. there is no question in my mind about it. >> chief, do you have any concern for the safety of your prisoner in due of the high feeling of the people in dallas over the assassination of the president? >> no, but cautions will be taken, of course. but i don't they the people will try to take the prisoner away from us.

>> we're standing by waiting the transfer of oswald from city jail to county jail and for that report, here is abc's bill lord at the city jail. bill, what is the situation? >> i'm presently in the basement of the dallas municipal building and it's like an armed camp. police officials are frankly worried. they don't want anything to happen to oswald. he's been shot. he's been shot. lee oswald has been shot. there is ancilar panic here in police headquarters. detectives have their guns drawn. no question, oswald has been

shot, point-blank range, fired00 his stomach. >> he is shot. >> oswald is shot. >> do you know who shot the man. >> that is the man who shot the man. >> immediately after the shooting, our only witnesses that we could talk to were other reporters. >> where did he go pierre? >> he was here. they just put the gun there. i saw the flash on the black sweater. >> did you see the gun to his stomach? >> i saw right here. he was in a group of men right here. >> the situation is now that lee harold oswald has been shot. the man who saw the shot fired said it was fired by a man wearing a black hat, a brown coat, a man that everyone down here thought was a secret service agent.

we can hear sirens outside and ambulance apparently is moving down now into the basement. here comes the ambulance. and oswald will be removed now. the ambulance is being pulled up in front of us here. here comes oswald, he's -- he is ashen and unconscious at this time, now being moved in. he is not moving. he's in the ambulance now. attendants, police are quickly moving in. the ambulance is leaving dallas police headquarters. where will he be taken? >> i'm assuming parkland hospital. >> parkland hospital. ironies of ironies, the place where john f. kennedy died. dallas city hall is really a public building. today it was under armed guard.

is this a confirmed report as to who did the shooting. vick robertson reports from city hall, jack ruby, the owner of a carousel which is a bar in dallas did the shooting. >> my statement will be very brief. oswald expired at 1:07 p.m. he died at 1:07 p.m. we have arrested the man. the man will be charged with murder. jack ruben stein. he goes by the name of jack ruby. >> and here at associated press, a still picture of the moment

the split second as the the shot was fired. and jack rubenstein, this of course is lee harvey oswald. you see the gun in the hand of, of ruby. and just about to be fired. >> i know my own feelings were -- and i think they were widely shared -- we have to question ourselves. >> working on the assumption there is indeed a connection between jack ruby and lee oswald. and that in some manner of speaking, oswald's murder twos shut him up.

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our nation is bereaved.

the whole world is poorer because of his loss but we can all be better americans because john fitzgerald kennedy has passed our way. because he has been our chosen leader at a time in history when his character, his vision and his quiet courage have enabled him to chart a course for us, a safe course for us through the shoals of treacherous seas that encompass the world. and now that he is relieved of

the almost superhuman burden we imposed on him, may he rest in peace. ♪ >> johnson knows he has to show the country that the ship of state is sailing on under the new captain. but at the same time, he can't appear to be too anxious to assume power and he has to keep the kennedy people on board with him. so that speech means everything. >> no words are strong enough to express our determination to continue the forward thrust of america that he began. [ applause ] ♪

there was the state of texas court of inquiry and there were committees on both sides of congress, while, of course the fbi had been given the job to conduct a full-scale investigation. >> johnson realizes something has to be done. he realizes that he has to appoint a body that the public will respect to look into this. >> the warren commission appointed friday night will investigate and make a report on the murder. as yet it has said nothing about how it will proceed or when. >> the lawyers from the commission took 395 depositions. and there were 94 witnesses that appeared before the commission. >> can you say if you still think it was one man? >> i think we'd better not get into that area, you know. the report will cover all of that in great detail.

>> it is now 15 seconds after 6:30 p.m. eastern daylight time, sunday, september the 27th. as of this moment, the report of the president's commission is public record. for the next half hour, we will search it for answers. first must come the answers to the two great overriding questions. who killed john f. kennedy? the commission answered unequivocally lee harvey oswald. was oswald acting alone or was he a member of a conspiracy? the commission answers he acted alone. >> the media had all concluded that this was the most exhaustive investigation, case closed. oswald did it alone. >> the commission concludes that three shots were fired. all of them from this sixth floor window in the texas school book depository. >> the reaction to the report initially was very positive, but that didn't last very long. >> this book is the number one best seller on the nonfiction list in the country "rush to judgment" by mark lane. it's gained a vast number of readers in the recent groundswell of skepticism about the findings of the warren report.

>> you're accusing chief justice warren and that group of notable americans -- you're accusing them of deliberate malfeasance. >> you are part of the media which prevented the american people from finding out what happened. >> you are alarming the american people! >> i say the american public should be alarmed. >> the public had been kept in the dark for so long about this, but had an undying thirst, which could only be quenched by getting facts. >> we have a right to know who killed our president and why he died. and we can't get that from reading the warren report. at the start, lane was almost alone. now he's just one among a growing band of doubters. their books and articles are on the newsstands, they're in the supermarkets. now according to a recent poll, only one in three americans remains convinced that the warren report has the whole story. >> because of the conspiracy theories, who have put this case under a high-powered microscope, splitting hairs and then proceeding to split the split hairs. the kennedy case is now the most complex murder case by far in world history. nothing even remotely comes

close. >> the warren report said that lee harvey oswald shot the president from his window in the texas school book depository. three years after kennedy's assassination, the major question is still a simple one. did the warren commission, with all that time and all these resources, get its answers right? tonight, we'll go over those arguments one by one, area by area. as the assassination was taking place, a dallas businessman called abraham zapruder stood behind that low concrete wall looking down at elm street. >> as the president was coming down from houston street and making his turn, it was about halfway down there, i heard a shot. and i heard another shot or two. i couldn't say whether it was one or two. and i saw his head practically open up, all blood and everything.

>> where did the shots come from? if the shots did not all come from the book depository window, then there was most likely some form of conspiracy. >> i think that the massive head wound where the president's head was literally blown apart came from a quartering angle on the grassy knoll, it struck and his head doesn't go directly back this way but it goes back and over this way, which would be consistent with the shot from that direction and newton's law of motion. unless the laws of physics were not working that day, the reaction of the president tells us where that shot came from. >> some critics say by the very fact that in the picture, you can clearly see the explosion of the bullet on the front side of the president, that that certainly indicates the bullet came from the front. >> well, i don't believe any physicist has ever said that. quite contrary, it does indicate that the bullet was coming from behind. it's a minor explosion where pieces of material go generally

in the direction of the bullet. >> if you look at the individual frames of the zapruder film, at 312, frame 312, the president's head's okay. at frame 313, 1/18th of a second later, the president is struck in the head. and what direction is the president's head pushed? not backwards, but slightly forward. indicating the shot from the rear where lee harvey oswald was. >> i would hesitate really to say that it is absolutely 100% impossible. but it is highly improbable. >> could a single bullet have wounded both president kennedy and governor connally? the single bullet theory has perhaps become the most controversial aspect of the report. conspiracy. >> the conspiracy theorists claim that the second shot was a magic bullet. they argue that a bullet would have had to make a right turn

then a left turn in mid-air. the reality is that connally was not seated directly in front of kennedy. >> if you figure out the alignment of where the men sat, and if you look down as i did and as the others did who conducted the on-site tests, and had the automobile placed in the position, it is perfectly plain, i submit to you, that the bullet that exited from president kennedy's throat would have to strike either the automobile, which it did not, or someone else in the automobile. >> to believe that it didn't hit governor connally, that would be a real magic bullet, one that disappeared in thin air.

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>> i believe that jack ruby was a paid killer to close the mouth of my son, lee harvey oswald. because ruby knew people in criminal activities, there was a lot of investigation about a potential conspiracy. >> ruby would have been one of the most unlikely and worst hit men that the mob could ever get.

>> on november the 24th, 1963, lee harvey oswald is supposed to have been transferred at 10:00. at 10:00, the evidence is undisputed that jack ruby was at home asleep. then he got dressed and drove downtown. >> the receipt shows that ruby was sending a money order to one of his strippers from a western union office across from the courthouse at 11:17 a.m. >> we know that at 11:20, three minutes later, a block away, jack ruby killed lee harvey oswald. the evidence showed that he was down there anywhere from 5 to 15 seconds. 5 to 15 seconds. if this is a hired assassin who is supposed to have some advanced information, he is the world's best gunman. >> jack ruby was a police and media groupie. ruby thought he was our friend. >> ruby's act was that of a vigilante. he wanted nothing more to be known -- people to flock to his nightclub to shake the hand of the man who killed the man who killed the president.

>> you believe that lee harvey oswald did not shoot president kennedy? >> i do not want to get involved in the speculations as to individuals, but i will say that there's no question about the fact that there was a plot and there were a number of individuals involved. >> in 1967, he announced "i've solved the case. i've found the real assassin." >> we will make arrests based on that, and we will make charges based on that, and we will obtain convictions based on that. >> now, you wouldn't have paid much attention to this, except he was district attorney of new orleans. >> arrested this evening in the district attorney's office was clay shaw, age 54, of 1313 darby street, from new orleans, louisiana.

mr. shaw will be charged with participation in a conspiracy to murder john f. kennedy. >> clay shaw was a very respected business man in new orleans. he had served in world war ii. >> clay shaw was also a homosexual and closeted, and i think that played a part. >> garrison started bribing witnesses, intimidating witnesses. >> he said i could be made to serve this whole nine-year sentence. or i could be cut loose right away. >> hypnotizing witnesses. >> we decided to give him objectifying to make sure he was telling the truth. >> does he have a last name? >> oswald. >> would you say these methods were illegal? >> i would very say illegal and unethical. >> he had everyone and their grandmother involved in the

assassination. at one time, it was oil millionaires. then it was the minutemen. then it was a homosexual killing. >> yes, sir. >> do you feel that homosexuality or the coercion of homosexuality was a factor in the planning or the assassination of john f. kennedy? >> no comment. >> at one point, he had 15 assassins in dealey plaza. with that many assassins, i don't know how kennedy made it to the autopsy table. >> garrison announced he had discovered a code. >> garrison said jack ruby's unlisted telephone number appears in address books belonging to shaw and oswald. >> he just changed the digits around, added digits, added letters. >> who is suppressing all of this information on whose order? >> i'll tell you who is suppressing it. the federal government is suppressing it. >> who in the federal government? >> the administration. the administration of your government is suppressing it because they know that the central intelligence agency --

>> on whose order? >> on the order of the president of the united states. clay shaw came to court in good spirits today with his long-awaited trial under way, shaw seems almost relieved that his case is finally being heard. >> the trial went on for six weeks. it's important to note that not one witness produced by garrison survived cross-examination. they were all proven to be unreliable, at best. >> in a unanimous verdict by a 12-man jury, shaw was found not guilty of charges that he conspired to kill the late president john kennedy. >> clay, we have our first question. why did you do it? [ laughter ] >> i would sum it up by saying that any society which allows a man like jack kennedy to have the top of his head torn off and then protects the assassins and obstructs any inquiry and attempt to find the truth is not a great society.

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information concerning the cause of the death of your president has been withheld from you. >> to show you how uncredible

the conspiracy theorists are, over the last 50 years, at one time or another, they have accused 42 groups, 82 assassins, and 214 people of being involved in the assassination. >> oswald used to attend a small discussion group. and he began to rail against this right wing general, edwin walker, who was calling for the invasion of cuba. >> general walker was about as right wing as you got in the early '60s. and oswald saw walker as an american adolf hitler. >> and oswald said someone should kill walker. he then ordered a rifle with a sniper scope, and he planned very meticulously his assassination of general walker. >> and then he went on the night of the 10th of april, took up his place and shot at general walker.

>> he was very disappointed to find out that he missed by less than an inch. >> it shows his ability to plan who his target was and that oswald was capable of violence. >> i think that was kind of the rosetta stone that if you understood the walker shooting, you understood that lee was like a cocked rifle. and he could go off any time. ♪ >> what set the conspiracy notion about the kennedy assassination among many americans was the sheer incongruity of the affair. all of it wiped out in one instance by a skinny, >> it doesn't satisfy our sense of narrative or justice that a small person of no distinction can be of such historical

consequences to killed the president of the united states. >> but would we be more comfortable believing that a second shot was fired by a second assassin who materialized out of thin air for the purpose, fired a shot, and then vanished again into thin air, leaving behind no trace of himself, his rifle, his bullet, or any other sign of existence. >> there were two groups of people. there's one group that will look at an extraordinary coincidence, a cataclysm of circumstance and say, yes, that's the way the world works. there's another group of people for whom that is quite unsettling. >> they don't want to believe that something so random could have occurred. can you believe that you can step off a curb some day and be killed by an oncoming car? nobody believes in that kind of possibility for themselves. but it happens. is life that fortuitous?

that uncertain. >> and for them, oddly, the notion of the conspiracy is more comforting than the absence of it. because if there's a conspiracy, at least there's a plan. >> i think the five bullets fired from at least two different directions, the result of a conspiracy. >> they've lost so much faith in government that they actually think that the government is an accessory after the fact to the president's murder, can't get too much worse than that. >> the assassination changed the trajectory of the '60s. america was a different place on the day before john f. kennedy was killed. so when you look at this america as a whole in the 20th century, you look at america in the 60s, you really say, that day was the dividing point. >> i guess in the average man's life, there are two or three emotional experiences that he doesn't forget.

because they're burned into his heart and his brain. and no matter what happens to me, i will remember november the 22nd as long as i live. it is impossible for me to this day, and i'm sure ten years from now to drive through dallas and look at the book depository building and impossible to drive by this morning and not think about the day president kennedy died there. it will always be with us. >> ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. kennedy standing hold on the public i think will only fade if and when we get another president about whom they feel the same way as they currently feel about kennedy. ♪

the enemy of freedom has chosen to make this year the decisive one. >> something's going to happen. the change is on the way. >> we can change america. we can change the world. >> what we need now is a reconciliation in this land. >> there's not anything wrong with you that a good hair cut wouldn't cure. >> rest assured we democrats will stir it up. >> this election yeaof