he is back with money. . >> before we go an exciting announcement. i will be moderating cnn's debate on september 16th at the reagan library. the first state of the union together. i want to thank the previous hosts of the show. wolf blitzer of the late edition for guiding this ship so ably for so many years. i want to send construction criticism and suggestions. you are who we are doing this for. i will see you on the lead at 4:00 p.m. eastern. gps starts now. >> this is the global public square. welcome to all of you around the world. first up, the cold war between russia and ukraine.

ukraine's leader said the military must be ready for a full-scale invasion from russia. i will talk about his plans for the summer with the american ambassador to the united nations. then this week the white house announced plans to beef up operations in iraq. more troops more training more weapons and more bases. will it work? is it the right way to take on isis? also how to get people to have more unprotected sex. really. well actually how to get them to have more babies. that's what many countries from denmark to singapore are trying to figure out. a report on the declining demographics of rich countries.

finally, would you pay $10 for a can of coke? how about a ben franklin for a fresh melon? the sky high prices are found in a place where the un says almost 70% of the population live below the poverty line. we will take you there. # saudi arabia has been dropping hints that if iran's nuclear ambitions go unchecked, it might just have to get nuclear weapons itself. last week the saudi ambassador made yet another explicit threat warning that all options will be on the table. oh please. saudi arabia is not going to build a nuclear weapon. saudi arabia can't built a nuclear weapon.

they haven't even built a car. by 20 1235e7b17 they are expected to manufacture the first automobile. saudi arabia can did big holes in the ground and pump out oil. little else. they comprise 44%. a staggeringly high figure according to the "wall street journal." oil makes up almost 90% of the saudi government's revenues despite decades of massive investment and lavish subsidies. manufacturing manufacturing. it's backwards and dysfunctional. the country ranks 73 in the quality of math and season education. dismally low for the country.

iran despite 36 years of sanctions and a much lower gdp c private sector fully nine out of ten are non-saudi. saudi arabia is a society in which all too many men do not want to work at jobs for which they are qualified in which women by and large are not allowed to work. which as a result most of the work is done by foreigners. far from it. the finances are strong and the public spending keeps rising and

oil revenues are declining. they used pat ronnage and depression. that produced a system of stagnation with the sums of money. that's highly unlikely. the sanctions and western retaliation and reception. saudi arabia needs foreigners and their firms. build the infrastructure and sell at goods and services. it's isolated with the entire economic system would collapse. it is often claimed that pakistan would sell to the saudis. it's true that they bailed out many times and the government in islamabad is well aware that such a deal would jeopardize its own future and it's unlikely to

do that even for the sugar daddy. # week in ukraine where tensions are once again spiking to dangerous levels. it must be prepared for a full-scale invation along the

border. summer was the most likely time for an event and summer starts in a week's time. she has long been a critic against the neighbor and 22 etted this week that the u.s. stands with ukraine on countering russian aggression. the ambassador joins me now from kiev. ambassador first give us a sense of how dangerous it is that this cold war could actually get quite hot. are there actual signs that russia is planning an invasion? >> let's be clear that over the course of the last year and a half russia has already lopped off part of ukraine or attempted to in the annexation justifyied by a phony referendum that gave voters two choices. join russia or be fully empty. you have already seen the flow of thousands and thousands of tons of weapons and rocket

launchers and artillery and surface to air missile sites and recently a russian uav was downed and of course uavs don't fall from the sky. those require great sophistication in terms of operation and in terms of bringing them to bear in a conflict. a lot of facts have been created by russia and in the president since the agreements and it's clear that russia has made an effort to wage and train and equip and with much more sophisticated command and control. >> whether irregulars and would the united states militarily provide assistance to the government? >> we are not focused on hypotheticals, but the agreements which were signed by

the relevant parties including the federation and president putin at the helm and implementation is the key. that's why we are hopeful and have reason to believe europe will reupthe sanctions isolating president putin inflicting costs for the aggression that has been carried out against crimea and eastern ukraine. the one thing i want to stress is that the people here are also getting on with it. they are embarking upon and try to get the economy in shape to fight corruption and take on the olegarches and quite extraordinary to which they are compartmentalizing the need to defend against the potential ramp up in russian aggression. on the other, recognizing their deft defense is to get the democracy in order that struggled over many decades. >> you say that the kremlin made

serious miscalculations and said they would have resolved. isn't it fair to say that washington did you miscalculate the sanctions that have not altered the strategic calculus and his popularity ratings hit new highs and he doesn't seem in any way to be backing down. isn't that a miscalculation? >> it's fair to say that sanctions as a general proposition take time to bite and change calculuses. is it true that he has his own way of doing business. if you look at where they worked whether serbia or the regime or dating back to apartheid and it takes time for sanctions to affect the calculus. what is true is that they had a significant effect on the russian economy. it's important to note we don't want to mince implementation.

we would like mog more than to take an off-ramp and begin to restore diplomatic relations. that will require them regaining sovereignty. >> the end game and the solution is russia gets to keep crimea but it has to get out of eastern ukraine and substantial parts. >> the end game in terms of ukraine is the agreements. the un maps are never going to change. crimea is part of ukraine and has been part of it and will remain part of ukraine. >> while i have you, there is a tough article about your tenure last week. the obama doctrines's un failure and despite being a critic of the bush administration and on human rights interventions, your

own terture has been marked by failure and the responsibility to protect civilians in places like syria and ukraine that you haven't delivered. what would you say some. >> i'm focussed on the job you have to do every day. if you talk to the people of south sudan or the central af an republic. you would consider a different message about the obama administration. we want to make sure we can do what we can in the time we have available. they have regimes that committed unspeakable a processities. it is incouple went to call out to look at the tools and get as

many deployed to protect people in the time we have. >> ambassador pleasure to have you on. >> thanks. >> next on gps, the obama administration's other big headache. isis. it announces other resources flown into the fight. 450 more troops going to make a difference? we will ask. my stomach feeling all knotted up. i've tried laxatives... but my symptoms keep returning. my constipation feels like a pile of bricks... that keeps coming back. linzess can help. once-daily linzess treats adults with ibs with constipation or chronic constipation. linzess is thought to help calm pain-sensing nerves and accelerate bowel movements. linzess helps you proactively manage your symptoms. do not give linzess to children under 6 and it should not be given to children 6 to 17. it may harm them. don't take linzess if you have a bowel blockage. get immediate help if you develop unusual or severe stomach pain

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...stelara® helps me be in season. stelara® may lower your ability to fight infections and increase your risk of infections. some serious infections require hospitalization. before starting stelara® your doctor should test for tuberculosis. stelara® may increase your risk of cancer. always tell your doctor if you have any sign of infection have had cancer, or if you develop any new skin growths. do not take stelara® if you are allergic to stelara® or any of its ingredients. alert your doctor of new or worsening problems including headaches, seizures, confusion and vision problems. these may be signs of a rare potentially fatal brain condition. serious allergic reactions can occur. tell your doctor if you or anyone in your house needs or has recently received a vaccine. in a medical study most stelara® patients saw at least 75% clearer skin and the majority were rated as cleared or minimal at 12 weeks. stelara® helps keep my skin clearer. ask your doctor about stelara®. when it comes to good nutrition...i'm no expert. that would be my daughter -- hi dad. she's a dietitian. and back when i wasn't eating right, she got me drinking boost. it's got a great taste and it helps give me the nutrition i was missing. helping

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to a base on the province bringing the total number of advisers in country to 3,550. the plan also provides if are weapons and development to be sunday in to e enforce fighting groups including the kurdish fighters. they said on thursday that the united states might establish more training bases like the one in anvar. will the adjustments to policy really tip the scales? joining me now is the president of the council on foreign relations. the editor of foreign policy magazine and foreign policy.com. you think this is a step in the right direction? >> it's a small step and there others required but one thing that is important about it shows that the white house recognizes things are not working.

we know from past experience that trainers work best when they are able to go out in the field with troops and that's not part of this plan. we don't know how well the iraq is. that's not part of the plan. we have a bunch of big black spaces. while it's encouraging. big questions remain. >> the central lesson of the last ten years in iraq and afghanistan. you can do all of this military stuff and more trainers and more development. better bases. if you fix the military stuff, but don't fix the politics behind it that created an iraqi government that people want to fight for that the sunnis want to fight for, the minute the united states leaves or takes

the foot off the accelerator, the whole thing crumbles. >> that's right. there is nothing here that changes any of the basics of what is a sectarian iraqi government. this doesn't change the political basics of either iraq or syria which are part and parcel of the same crisis. even militarily to say this is a step in the right direction maybe, but we are talking about the baby steps. this is the kind of decision you get when people know the policy is not working and they reject anything dramatic or decisive. this is going to be the first of what is then going to be decision after decision. # the incremental adjustments are overwhelmed. >> my question is is it even the right direction? you have been in that hot seat and submit more troops and you

give these briefings and if it's not going to work and i don't think this is going to work you then face the problem. you now committed the prestige. you are going to escalate. >> we know this is not going to work. it's too small to make a measurable difference. the real question is you do a lot more on behalf of this government and i see no reason to do that. you witched strategy and instead of doing everything to what i think is an iranian sectarian government, you would say that iraq is essentially behind us and it didn't work. we have to work larger and much more direct low with the hurds and the sunnis. i think the time came for the strategy. >> the piece that turned out to

be an impressionable piece. we should be treating the communities and dealing with them independently. >> the kurds have proven to be dependable. the emergency of curd stan is likely to continue and i think that would ultimately be a good thing. i hope we would support it. much too much on the fence on it. the iranians have seized a big chunk of iraq. i don't think they are going to give it back. i don't think we will get it back from them. the question is what happens to the question of iraq. is it a state controlled by isis or somebody else some i have been saying for sometimes that a

group that calls itself islamic state will not control contempt. not only do i not think that but the little east will get worse before it gets even worse. >> it gets worse before it gets even worse. >> i don't want to disagree with that. >> i understand you may think that that validates your condition. i think the context of the sunni region. almost inevitably they are going to say okay we have a base. we can solidify and where do we go from here? >> the strategic trajectory will get out of the middle east. they won't let it. it's like the godfather. they keep bringing me back. the united states is going back in very small ways.

it's not going to work. we need to make bigger decisions. do less and leave it to its own devices. do bigger things and different things. this incrementalism along the lines of policy is the thing we know will not succeed. >> it's the illusion and that is a mistake. >> fascinating conversation and on that the two of you agree. next on gps, how in the world do you get people to have more babies? believe it or not, this is a burning question for governments around the world. we will bring you some of their best ideas. we will probably try them at home.

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. now for a who in the world segment. something is ought in the state of denmark. >> a danish travel company has been woos dans to take a romantic trip abroad pointing out that they have 46% more sex on holidays and 10% of danish children are conceived during vacations. the ad offers a three-year supply of baby boots if they

conceive before delivering this memorable phrase. >> do it for denmark. >> what are in the world is going on. denmark is very worried about the taginant aging populations. according to the un the average woman needs 2.1 children to maintain the population of a developed country. in the european union, every single country is below that 2.1 level. including denmark. by 2050 some countries will see their population dropped by double-digit percentages. >> japan is the poster child for this population crisis. the government projects it will lose over two million people in the next five years. by 2050 it will have lost one fifth of the total population and there may be only 43 million people by 2110. not only will some shrunk they

will get older. europe's over 65 crowd will increase to over a quarter of the population by 2050 according to the un. japan's will be over 1/3. countries will have higher benefits. it's no wonder that i they are getting creative to promote procreation. they funded match making events. south korea's government is trying to trying to reduce the price of marriage according to the ro rhea herald. a region encouraged citizens to bear a pit riot. russia day offering money, refrigerators and cars. singapore was treated to national night. >> a campaign to encourage baby

making on this holiday. are these measures actually working? dem graphers told us it's difficult to get people to have children using financial incentives incentives. that said france has championed paid family leave for parents of newborns and preschool for 3-year-olds and the fertility rate is one of the best in europe. in the united states the fertility rate hit a record low in 2013 according to the cdc, but fee predict that america's population will actually grow by 27% from 2010 to 2015. one big reason is immigration. the u.s. has a younger population than europe to begin with and it takes in lots of immigrants immigrants. immigrants to have more children than native born americans. the united states compared to many other large rich countries will be demographically vibrant

and growing for decades and immigrants will drive that growth. that is an ad that no one will make any time soon. next on gps, the u.s. has a new crown to wear it. has been named the world's biggest oil and natural gas producer knocking russia off the top spot. many argue that's good for the economy, but bad for the environment. michael said it's good almost all-around. when we come back. experience the audi a4 at your local dealer today. i'm caridee. i've had moderate to severe plaque psoriasis most of my life.

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i've tried laxatives but my symptoms keep returning. my constipation feels like a heavy weight that keeps coming back. vo: linzess can help. once-daily linzess treats adults with ibs with constipation or chronic constipation. linzess is thought to help calm pain-sensing nerves and accelerate bowel movements. linzess helps you proactively manage your symptoms. do not give linzess to children under 6, and it should not be given to children 6 to 17. it may harm them. don't take linzess if you have a bowel blockage. get immediate help if you develop unusual or severe stomach pain especially with bloody or black stools. the most common side effect is diarrhea, sometimes severe. if it's severe stop taking linzess and call your doctor right away. other side effects include, gas, stomach-area pain and swelling. bottom line, ask your doctor about linzess today. the world is filled with air. but for people with copd sometimes breathing air can be difficult.

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and anoro is helping people with copd breath air better. get your first prescription free at anoro.com. . in 2014 the united states wame the world's largest oil producer overtaking saudi arabia and america is now the biggest oil and natural gas producer knocking russia off the top spot. much of they is grin of the environmentalists, it is an extraordinary time for production in the united states. my next guest will make the case that it's not bad.

in fact he said it's almost all positive. how so? michael porter is a professor at the harvard school and said to be the world's most sighted scholar. they published a study called america's most unconventional opportunity. a win-win plan for the economy, the planet and a lower carbon future. how surprising this has been. in 2005 what did america lock like on energy? >> america was nowhere in terms of this new resource. we had the conventional depleting supplies of gas and then this technological revolution that had been bubbling along and supported by public policy took off. we ended up with being a leading industry producer in the world. >> let's look at the gas production. if you look at this chart, it

just spikes up extraordinarily. what i think most people don't realize is that this is also true of oil. if you look at what oil production looks like it's declining, declining and then you see this extraordinary spike. what's this about? >> that's about the technology allowing you to develop a resource that we didn't think was that valuable. that was the oil or gas locked into shale. this took the hydraulic fracturing people call it fracking. the word fracking is getting in the way in terms of the reaction people have. >> 'do you say the word fracking is getting in the way? >> if you are at a party and say what do you think of fracking? the typical person will recoil. they will hear stories about earthquakes and they will have read about water and contamination and all kinds of environmental issues. by the way, they are real.

there are those issues. people don't understand that those issues we are making huge progress? beating those down and doing it better. what people don't associate with fracking is this enormous economic transformation that is going on. we are the lowest energy cost nation in the world. every household has gotten $800 bonus a year in terms of lower energy prices. we had 2.7 million jobs about half. we had an opportunity to continue this growth process and spread it throughout our economy. at a time where they are not performing well and we are facing challenges and the middle class is not moving ahead, this is by far the single biggest opportunity we have.

>> your calculation is that oil and natural gas, the frack being essentially is adding $430 billion to the economy. >> at least. that's the best estimate. that is as big as a large state. this field is much bigger than the auto industry. this is a huge field and it's just starting. it starts with the production of gas and oil. then it gets used to generate power that is growing. it will continue to grow and starts getting used to the feed stock. it revitalizing in america and the plastics are revitalizing. >> energy costs are so low. >> in events, energy is such a large part. labor is not. >> so for example our electricity prices are about one half of our other major trading partners and our gas prices are about a third of our major

trading partners. all of a sudden oust nowhere, a bunch of crazy guys in texas mostly have created this enormous advantage for the united states. but it's come with environmental concerns. >> let's talk about the environmental issues. they are earthquakes that people talk about. let's talk about methane and can good regulation deal with that? >> we should worry about them all. one of my big concerns here is how the u.s. industry has really been working counterproductively to their own interests. there is too much denial in the industry. we are not causing the earthquakes and the water is not a problem. it is. there real documented problems. the good news is that we have done a deep dive on this. all of these areas and there areas of congestion and more

than you mentioned. in all these areas, practices are improving. we are getting better and able to control most of these problems. what we did also was to do a study. it doesn't cost much to reduce the problems. you have to do things right. we can control these problems including earthquakes, but we are not telling that story. the general public has not heard that story. these problems are endemic and unfixable and they are not. >> pleasure to have you on. it's a terrific report. up next we will bring you the odd tale of the most expensive city in the world where poverty levels run wild among the nation's own citizens who can barely afford to feed themselves let alone pay $10 for a can of coke. inside angola, in a moment. ♪ ♪ woman: whoa. ♪

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. next week mrsa will release the annual cost of living survey that shows where it's most expensive to live. a betting man might put his monomoscow or tokyo, but it is more likely to be the city of rwanda angola. it has been the world's most expensive city for four of the last five years and the fifth year it was in second place. it is a place where my next guest tells of $10 cans of coke. $110 melons and fancy cars and rent. in a nation racked by poverty. how does it happen? here to explain is michael spector, staff writer at the new yorker and extreme city. welcome to the show michael. >> thanks for having me. >> explain how does this happen? how can angola be the most expensive city?

>> there is a simple reason. oil. there is a lot of oil and it's the second biggest importer after nigeria and american and to some degree european companies are there and the people who work for them want to live like they live in south houston. that costs a lot of money and they don't make much. you have to ship it and it costs a fortune. it's only $105 for a melon, but that is flown in. those things are brought in. people insist on having that kind of stuff. every major city in the developing world and even in our part of the world has a huge discrepancy. >> this is outrageous. this is like nothing i have seen. it has most often this year maybe not, the highest infant mortality rate in the year. most people earn less than $2 a

day. if you want to buy a range rover which are readily available you pay twice what you would pay in london or new york. because people will do that. >> when you take a taxi for example, the price escalates. explain that story. >> first of all, there not really taxis, but car service type things. i was going to one of the private oasis to have a barbecue. i asked the people at my hotel it they could provide a driver. it's a 10-mile drive and on friday afternoon it takes two hours because it's traffic and there is one road. he said yeah we can provide one, but it will be $150. i said okay. i didn't have a lot of choice. fine. about an hour later, he was frantically waving at me and said i was wrong about the cost. i said really? he said yeah it's $450 each way. $900 round trip 20 miles.

i got a ride from another kind journalist. >> what are is odd is this happened so fast. before 2010 uganda was not doing any of this. explain why. >> there there has been a civil war going on there since 1975 since the portugese gave up their colony and left. it's been very vicious. the general estimate is ten million land mines have been planted around the country. many have been dug up but it's very hard to get them all and almost no one was unscarred. that was 2002. so you're looking at 12 years out of the last 400 years in which this country has a democracy or some ability to decide what to do itself and so the oil companies came a little earlier but they dominate because they create a lot of

revenue. angola has gone to $75 billion in the bank but nobody sees it but 170 friends of the president. i live in russia for a long time and am familiar with all gaurkoligarcs. it's a beautiful country with an incredible coastline. it could be a great place for tourism and agriculture, but the roads are very bad, the infrastructure is terrible. it's getting better because the chinese are building everything but they have a long way to go before someone is going to say, say, let's take the kids and go to angola for a vacation. and the land mine thing is a legitimate issue. >> i would imagine you would be a little worried. >> there's a lot of beautiful places you don't want to go hiking. and it's a beautiful country. so in theory they could get

beyond their dependence on oil. in reality, they're not trying very hard. >> michael specter, fascinating piece. >> thank you. thanks for having me. next on "gps," popes, princes and politicians, well some politicians are coming together on one issue. we'll tell you why next week promises to be a historic one when we come back. good! then my nutrition heart health mix is for you. it's a wholesome blend of peanuts, pecans and other delicious nuts specially mixed for people with hearts. i said people with hearts. because hearts health is important. that's why i've researched optimized and packaged this mix just for you. not you. so if you have a heart start optimizing your nutrition with my nutrition. planters. nutrition starts with nut.

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tomorrow is the 800th birthday of magna carta. it was agreed upon by king john and the country's rebellious barons on june 15th 1215. but in less than three months it was nullified, which brings me

to my question. who declared the magna carta to be quote, null and void of all validity forever in 1215? richard the lionheart, henry iii, louis viii of france or the pope? stay tuned and we'll tell you the correct answer. this week's book of the week is a magazine essay getting some attention by me in the atlantic.com. you know how people are always saying that kids today are career obsessed and shallow? well this is my defense of the millennials titled "the try harder generation." it's adapted and expanded from my new book. you can find a link on our website. and now for the last look. next week pope francis will do something historic. he will issue an encyclical only his second one so far, a powerful letter to all the people of the world on climate change. it's expected to be a great call to action from a pope named for

the patron st. of ecology. the news prompted gop presidential candidate rick san form to say last week that the pope should quote, leave science to the scientists. he may not have realized though he was soon informed that pope francis studied chemistry and worked as a chemist before deciding to enter the seminary. in the past century, eight popes have issued a grand total of 120 encyclicals on topics ranging from child poverty to contraception to disarmament after the cuban missile crisis. this comes at a key moment for climate policies as "the washington post" points out with the possibility of an ambitious climate change agreement on the horizon this year. the state of the planet isn't just on the papal radar, prince charles also addressed the subject last week calling for a magna carta for theert earth, a long-standing contract for the

earth and humanity's relationship to it. his prime minister joined in when the g-7 leaders had set a new goal to end fossil fuel usage by the end of the century. climate change is on the agenda of popes, princes and politicians this year not to mention many, many scientists. the correct answer to the gps challenge question was d, another pope. he was at the time the religious overlord of england, nullified the magna carta at the request of king john thrusting england into civil war. as the british library chronicles when both king john and the pope died in 1216 the region looking after john's 9-year-old son, henry iii issued a new version of the great charter. it was revised several times until it became a part of england's statute law in 1297. today the document is often considered the foundation of the

rule of law, a swol of modern democracy and the ips pragsnspiration for many authors of the constitution including the united states. it's good that it was not null and void forever. thanks to all of you for being part of my program this week. i will see you next week. hello, everyone and welcome to the cnn newsroom. i'm fredricka whitfield. new details emerging today on the widening manhunt for two escaped killers, richard matt and david sweat broke out from an upstate new york maximum security prison nine days ago. cnn has learned prison worker joyce mitchell charged with aiding in their escape told investigators she was supposed to meet matt and sweat just blocks from the prison and that is where they were supposed to begin a seven-hour drive. as this map shows,