that does it for this special edecision of 360 from charleston south carolina. we'll continue to learn more about those who lost their lives and bring you their stories tomorrow and tomorrow night as well. we think that is the least we can do as well as continue to follow what happens. the cnn original series "the 70s" starts right now. did someone put up a lot of money to have the democratic headquarters infiltrated and if so, who and why? >> justice will be pursued no matter who's involved. >> do you have information implicating president nixon? >> the president of the united states demanded the attorney general fire the special prosecutor. >> that is the definition of tyranny. people have got to know whether or not their president's a crook. well, i'm not a crook.

>> i don't think there was ever any discussion that there wouldn't be a cover-up. >> congress must move ahead with impeachment proceedings. >> there can be no whitewash at the white house.

♪ it seems what we have to do is to feel it out. we're going to have to find out what the mood is. >> in 1972, richard nixon is very much at the top of his game and is in a position to achieve his goal of being the greatest president in american history. >> the comments about mao and joe. >> he had deseg waited all the southern schools, instituted the draft, and he had the greatest arms control agreement in history. not a bad record, and the american people thought so. >> air force one has just landed. it's an historic moment. the official beginning of his visit to china. >> china was considered almost a

different planet. and the idea that any american president would go to china was considered a fantasy at best. in terms of foreign policy, it was a moon landing. >> i think one of the results of our trip we hope may be the walls that are erected whether they are physical walls like this, or other walls of ideology or philosophy will not divide peoples of the world. >> in richard nixon's own mind this was a script. it was designed to result in an overwhelming election victory. >> who do you think you'll vote for this year? >> nixon. >> nixon. >> nixon. >> is anybody else running but nixon? >> the president was a political

animal. the president was phenomenally skilled, he was able to handle virtually anything. >> five men wearing white gloves and carrying cameras were caught earlier today in the head quarters of the democratic national committee in washington. they were caught by a night watchman and they did not resist arrest when the police came. they were unarmed, the film and the camera hadn't been exposed. in any case they're being held. >> the democratic national committee is housed in the watergate complex. the break-in prepared well in advance. ceiling tiles had been removed for the suspected planting of bugging devices. >> it was saturday morning, the phone rang, it was about 6:30, a colleague of my mine was on the phone, he said, hello, it's chuck. we have a hot one.

we have a burglar at the democratic national committee headquarters. the burglars, five of them are wearing suits. >> the arraignment of the five middle aged men was slowed down by the fact that each had several aliases. four lived in miami, three were originally from cuba. the facted presented so far raise a number of intriguing questions, did someone put up a lot of money to have the democratic headquarters infiltrated. if so, why? >> the president's press secretary said, i'm not going to comment on the white house from a third rate burglary attempt, obviously he said we don't condone that kind of second rate activity. >> the first reports came about the burglary at the watergate, i didn't think much of it. >> more and more facts begin to come out. >> this is a police photograph of james w. mccord. mccord is a former cia employee.

guess what else he is. a consultant of president nixon's re-election campaign committee. accomplices have been charged in second degree burglary and released on bail. i don't think that's the last we're going to have on this story. >> it's one of the most shocking actions that i think has happened in this country in a long time. it's the legacy of wiretapping and snoop iing and violation th government has been involved with. >> democrats and republicans played tricks, all the time. the difference in watergate, these people were foolish and they got caught. >> no one in the white house staff, no one in this administration was involved in this bizarre incident.

>> this is being investigated by the congress. i've had my own white house council conduct an investigation, and he's reported to me that nobody presently employed in this administration had anything to do with this much this is the first i heard of this investigation. my reaction is, wow! ♪ mamas, don't let your babies grow up to be cowboys ♪ ♪ don't let'em pick guitars and drive them old trucks ♪ boys? ♪ mamas, don't let your babies...♪ stop less. go more. the passat tdi clean diesel with up to 814 hwy miles per tank. hurry in and you can get 0% apr plus a one-thousand dollar volkswagen credit bonus on 2015 passat tdi clean diesel models.

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seven people were indicted today, five who were caught by police, along with two others, j. gordon liddy and e. howard hunt. >> i had never met liddy.

when the break in occurred i said, oh, no. i knew at once instinctively it was our guys. >> g. gordon liddy. ex-fbi, ex-treasury, ex-justice, ex-white house consultant and e. howard hunt. ex-consultant the. >> we didn't think they measured up, it was closer to the typical gang that couldn't shoot straight. >> earl silva read the names of 60 government witnesses, the list included only one ranking white house lawyer and several former employees to re-elect the president. >> if you don't know richard nixon's psychology, you don't know his background, you could never understand why the white house reacted to watergate the way it does. >> from day one, there was a great sense that we were under siege. we were not deceiving ourselves that the press did not like us.

both houses of congress did not like nixon. that is the truth. and the question is, how you deal with it. >> tries to build a little like mafiosa group. guys that will take the bullet for you, pure loyalty. they fell under his spell. >> president nixon created a paranoid atmosphere in the white house. you're supposed to get your enemies. they took it literally, if you're going to get our enemies, we're going to get our enemies. >> nixon did not know that they were doing the break-in, once it happened, he was convinced they had to engage in a cover-up. by august 29th, nixon is deeply involved to my surprise in all the key elements of the cover-up. >> what if i gave the orders to bug the watergate. >> the persons who the grand jury indicted in washington, d.c., last week, gave the orders

to do it. >> you don't think they were following orders then? >> no. there's been no evidence presented by anybody who did that. the opposition is disappointed that 7 persons were indicted. at the time, most of the press was satisfied that the nixon white house had nothing to do with this watergate break-in. >> i have full confidence in the integrity of president nixon. to resolve the watergate matter to the satisfaction of the peop people. >> october '72, the headline said that dirty tricks operation had been run out of the white house? >> they don't really crack the case. what the post does very effectively, they kept the story

alive. >> nobody else was paying any attention to it. >> using innuendo third person hearsay, unsubstantiated charges. anonymous sources, and huge scare headlines, the post has maliciously sought to give the appearance of a direct connection between the white house and the watergate. a charge which the post knows and half a dozen investigations have found to be false. thank you very much. >> fail early on, we were running into a wall of silence. that became clear, none of the seven would talk to us. the white house was paying hush money to keep the watergate burglars silent. if the money isn't forthcoming, these people aren't silent. haldeman and yours truly, we're obstructing justice. we're thinking about the politics of it all. >> all of the burglars stay

quiet. nobody else is indicted, which is exactly what the white house' strategy was. >> the strategy was, containm t containment, if it doesn't get widespread coverage in the country as a whole. we'll be able to handle this. >> this is about the government, this is about credibility. this is about deception, this is about the white house. and this is how you stop it, with your vote. >> senator mcgovern is campaigning tirelessly. carrying out his presidential duties and leaving the hard campaign to vice president agnew. >> people want to trust the king. people don't want to believe this about their president. >> pennsylvania decisively important state for the democrats.

drawn tonight for the republicans. kansas, connecticut, texas, michigan, delaware, arkansas and north dakota, those are the states we show for president nixon. >> that was one of the greatest victories any president has ever had, carrying every state september massachusetts and the district of columbia. >> i think the shadow of his victory is the watergate affair, i believe in a great many people would like to have a move on that, as one of the high priorities of his new administration. >> i need to get them out and persuade the country.

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the jury in the watergate case reached a quick verdict late today. the nixon campaign counsel gordon liddy and mccord guilty on all counts of the break in and bugging of the dnc. >> libby faces a possible 35 years in prison. >> they're all found guilty, all of the seven men who were originally indicted. one of them starts to crack. >> is your client going to spill the beans on the watergate

affair to the judge? >> mr. mccord will be guided by his own conscience. >> he's not so willing to go to prison and not speak up. he doesn't feel higher ups should get off scott free. >> in the letter he says, other people, not yet named were involved in the break-in at democratic national headquarters. >> mccord says there are efforts being made to keep us quiet. there are people responsible who are much higher up than us. and you're being denied that information. >> what bothers us as republicans, is there is apparently so much more to be revealed, every day, every week, when something else happens, it's one further dagger in the heart. >> it was a national consensus, the president is saying one thing. the moss cuters are saying another thing, that are a lot of very serious accusations in the air. let's get to the bottom of this.

>> sam irvin of north carolina was chosen today by the democrats and senate to conduct a full investigation of the watergate case. >> once that senate committee convenes in february of '73. it's the first time people were going to have to testify under oath. this is not good for the president. >> i go in on march 21st to see nixon and i lay out the mess we're in. telling him i thought there was a cancer on his presidency. my hope is by laying it out as brutally as i can he'll bring his fist down on the table and he'll say, this is unacceptable. we have to end this. to my surprise, i am unable to convince him. >> he had been caught up in this, and done things that involved the obstruction of justice. they decided he was going to be the sack fish lamb. >> john dean was in way over his head.

when he realized this ship is going down, he jumped. >> this morning, without the president's approval, dean issued a statement in which among other things he declared some may hope or think i will become a scapegoat in the watergate case. anyone who believes this does not know me, know the true facts or understand our system of justice. >> do you have information implicating president nixon in a cover-up? >> i have no comment this morning? >> we started having secret conversations with john dean. he was disclosing this conspiracy to put it mildly. >> when i broke rank and started dealing with the prosecutors in early april. i had the naive belief that by breaking rank, they would do likewise. >> john dean kept upping the ante. i'll tell you this. >> i remember this, john has something to tell you.

and dean told us, this same group had broken into the office. he says, your jaw just dropped beneath the floor. >> in 1971. daniel had been a defense consultant. decided the war was wrong and so he took this vast volume of secret papers and he leaked it to the new york times. >> i felt as an american citizen, i can no longer -- >> papers never mentioned the name richard nixon, its leak drove richard nixon nuts. >> i think it is time in this country to quit making national heroes out of those who steal secrets and publish them in the newspapers. >> this is a product of the president's paranoia about his ability to control his own government. >> they actually broke into the

psychiatrist office. now, come on. somebody's psychiatrist office files are raided by people who are commissioned by the white house? >> it's one thing to disclose breaking into the offices of the democratic national committee. it's another to have broken into the offices of a person's psychiatrist. and the public would really have an adverse reaction to that. much more so than the democratic national committee headquarters. >> i hope that whatever comes out, they get it over with, they find out what it is, and it teaches us some kind of lesson, this country is coming on to its 200th anniversary, i want to be proud of it when it does. and i'm not too proud of it right now. >> that's when i went to nixon and i said, get up and clear from this thing. whoever's going to have to go ought to go now. >> good evening, the biggest white house scandal in a century, the watergate scandal

broke wide open today, the two closest men to the president, h.r. haldeman his chief of staff and john ehrlichman have resigned. john dean has been fired. reportedly dean is implicated in efforts to cover up the watergate scandal, and he may implicate ehrlichman and haldeman. >> good evening, i want to talk to you tonight from my heart on a subject of deep concern to every american. today in one of the most difficult decisions of my presidency, i accepted the resignations of two of my closest associates in the white house, bob haldeman, john ehrlichm ehrlichman. >> he thought by throwing out his inner circle, he would be left alone. he was throwing his people under the bus, so the bus wouldn't hit him. >> justice will be pursued

fairly, fully and impartially, no matter who's involved. >> richard nixon wants to control everything, he's extraordinarily delusional. he really doesn't seem to understand that he's digging himself deeper and deeper into the crime. >> we must maintain the integrity of the white house. and that integrity must be real, not transparent. there can be no whitewash at the white house. >> in may of 1973. he's preparing to hand the case over to archy cox. and he says there are 39 principles involved in this case, he says number 39, richard m. nixon, president of the united states. >> he wanted this trail leads into the oval office at the white house? >> as i replied then, the trail

should be followed wherever it leads.

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watergate, senate hearings. >> good morning, this is the senate caucus room in washington, d.c., it's jammed this morning, jammed with spectators news men, senators

and their aids. and the scene adds to the sense of drama as the senate opens what is likely to become the most serious investigation ever made. >> i was watching my friends go up there and testify, and trying to understand what happened. >> i think there was no question that the cover-up began that saturday, when we realized there was a break-in. i don't think there was any discussion there wouldn't be a cover-up. >> the president said there is no problem in raising a million dollars. we can do that. >> neither mr. haldeman nor i were involved in this respect. >> people were seeing this gothic reality they never existed. >> it comes from way up at the top. >> yes, sir. i believed that he was talking about the president. >> good morning. although this is not nbc's

scheduled day to provide live continuous coverage. we are going on with the hearings because the witness will be john dean. a lawyer who was just another anonymous official who in the white house is another very well known figure indeed. >> if people knew one thing about john dean, he was the guy that knew what was going on in watergate. when it was announced he was going to testify. people knew this was the moment that was going to blow wide open. >> he asked me how much it would cost, i told him he could only make an estimate it might be as high as a million dollars or more. he told me that was no problem. he also looked over at haldeman and repeated the same statement. >> this was the first time a white house staffer had ever contradicted a president on live television. >> theres with also maintained

an enemy's list, which is rather extensive. >> the idea that the white house draws up a list of enemies and is prepared to use the agencies of government. this is very, very serious scary stuff. >> john dean talked about a list of enemies compiled at the white house. >> alexander -- >> once the inmys list was revealed, as sure a cbs news correspondent is reading off this, and he reads his own name. >> daniel schorr. a real media enemy. >> i remember thinking at the time, what is going on is this really believable? >> you're aware of the gravity of the charges you have made under oath against the highest official of our land, the president of the united states? >> yes, i am.

>> and being so where, do you still stand on your statement? >> yes, i do. >> when i'm finishing my testimony for the senate, i read it, and i said, you know, it's my word against haldeman, mitchell and the president. >> there is another witness some place in the build iing. >> a witness will be called and as to who it will be we'll have to wait and see. >> are you aware of any listening devices in the oval office of the president? >> i was aware of listening devices, yes, sir. >> when he answered yes, everybody in america just froze. >> did mr. ehrlichman or mr. dino about the presence of those devices? >> that would be unlikely, they definitely did not know.

>> the story of watergate takes on a whole different complexion. the happiest man at the moment would be john dean. >> what is the best way to reconstruct those conversations? >> well, the obvious manner to obtain the tape and play it. >> slowly this smile comes over my face and i said, get those tapes as fast as you can before they disappear. >> i received a letter to furnish the eight requested tapes. careful study, to withhold this information from the grand jury is legislation mat. >> congress should not be able to delve into the private discussions of the president in the white house about but to invoke executive privilege to cover up a third rate burglary

was suspect. >> now special prosecutor archibald cox. >> many have urged that i should turn over to the special prosecutor and the senate committee, recordings of conversations i held in my office or on my telephone. however, a much more important principal is involved in this question than what the tapes might prove about watergate. >> he gathers his legal team and advisers, mr. president, if you destroy these tapes, it's an admission of guilt. and also, theoretically, it could be obstruction of justice. >> he felt he would suggest he was involved in watergate.

if he gave them up. so he destroyed them. that's probably do. but he shun the have destroyed them. >> he fights not to release the tame tapes. >> the evidence is not yet conclusive as to why the president hasn't fully complied with subpoenas for those tapes and there's a distinct possibility of unlawful conduct. >> he's depersonalizing it all. and saying, in i release these, it will do irreparable damage to the office of the presidency. >> the president has not said, at any time, john dean is lying, and i have the tapes to prove it. >> well, maybe there is more on those tapes than the president would have us believe.

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after hard deliberation and much prayer, i concluded several days ago, that the public interests and the interests of those who mean the most to me would best be served by my stepping down. >> there is evidence which shows that agnew was taking political kickbacks, not only while governor of maryland, but also while he was vice president. >> what is your reaction that to the resignation of vice president agnew just announced. >> are you just -- i don't know too much about him. but nixon stinks. >> there were developments at the white house that indicate some major decision is new on the white house tapes. special prosecutor archibald cox wanted the tapes himself. there's an impasse.

>> yesterday president nixon ordered cox to stop going to court to get the tapes. >> last night we were told the court order would not be owe bad that the papers, memoranda, documents of that kind would not be provided at all. >> archibald cox let the president have it, this is obstruction of justice and that was the turning point. >> there was a limousine on the west side drive way of the white house this afternoon, with the number 77. when reporters spotted him leaving the white house, they knew that some sort of situation was in progress. >> what is going on today? >> there will be an announcement

later from the white house. >> the following historic events occurred. the president of the united states demanded the attorney general fire special prosecutor archibald cox. the attorney general refused and resigned. the president then ordered the assistant attorney general to fire the special prosecutor. the president immediately fired ruckleshouse. bourke was ordered to fire cox, he did. >> it was unbelievable. literally unbelievable, except it was real. you kept saying, that couldn't be, but it was. >> i can make no further comment now, other than our offices have been sealed. >> how could you bring this man to justice, if it was within his power to bring the investigation to a close. >> basically the president

seized full control of the special prosecutors office, and is in full possession of potentially incriminating evidence that could lead to the conviction of his closest associates and to his conviction. that is the definition of tyranny. >> there could be no doubt this was a constitutional crisis. this was a president trying to stand above the law. and i remember thinking at the time, the country's not going to stand for this. >> i think it's amazing that the country is not already playing in the streets. >> events of the past few days leave us little choice but to move ahead with preparation for impeachment proceedings. >> do you think the president should be impeached? >> yes, sir, i do. >> the idea of impeaching the president was a radical idea, it hadn't happened in over a century. >> impeachment does not mean removing the president from office. it means putting the president

on trial. >> the whole country is going bananas on this. i went over to howard johnsons today, you know what the plav of the month is? >> no. >> impeachment. >> what is it about you so so many are aroundry. >> one can only be angry with one he respects. >> he was having a mental breakdown, there was something wrong with nixon. >> people have to know whether their president's a crook. i'm not a crook. >> a lot of people don't want to put the country through an impeachment drama, they want to create an atmosphere that forces his hand. >> the white house committee named a new special prosecutor. >> whatever i conceive to be necessary in order to perform my function properly, i'm going to ask for it, and if i don't receive it, i'm going to

undertake to get it. >> jaworski comes to washington presented with all the evidence. and after going to the white house, he says, i think the president needs to get a criminal lawyer. >> the congress or the president by his own patriotic decision should relieve the nation of a burden that's grown too heavy to carry any longer. >> the effect of this was a huge dip in public support for richard nixon. the white house thought it could solve the tape's problem by producing transcripts. the idea that he's going to release these transcripts, richard nixon thinks he's going to be able to cauterize the wound. >> i think there's no doubt about the seriousness of the problem we have. we have a cancer from within. close to the presidency that is groing. the tapes show that the president is involved at the times that dean said he was. it shows that dean's memory is

predigous. >> it's going to cost a million dollars over the next two years. >> the president. >> you could get a million dollars, could you get it in cash. >> now, when individuals read the entire transcript they may reach different interpretations. but i know what i meant and i know also what i did. >> richard nixon's problem, keep on subpoenaing more and more tapes, he's not going to give them up unless the supreme court demands him too. >> the supreme court heard argument notice historic case of the united states of america versus richard nixon, president of the united states. >> the tell vision camera saw the two main players in this classic confrontation. first, james st. clair, president nixon's attorney. then, leon jaworski, to argue his case against the president's refusal to surrender 64 tapes and documents. >> it's a strange notion that

the president of the united states is the defendant and the government of the united states is the prosecutor. >> jaworski was cheered by some in of the crowd as he entered the supreme court building. >> it was a product of this peculiar moment when the u.s. government had to test the constitution to find out what limits there were on presidential power. >> if it came down to the supreme court of the united states making a decision against the president, would he obey or would he put himself in a confrontation with the supreme court? >> i don't know of anyone here or at the white house or anywhere else who knows the answer to that. human sardines packing so into tiny frames. come to. carrying around sticks like cavepeople. trying anything to fit in everything.

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>> at 11:00 a.m., the supreme court tells the president he was wrong. at 7:00 p.m., the president announces that, obvious, he will obey. at 8:00 p.m., the house judiciary committee opens its doors for its final impeachment debate. >> now, the american people, the house of representatives demand that we make up our mind. >> all of those in favor, signify by saying aye.

all of those opposed, say no. >> mr. donahue. >> aye. >> mr. bruce. >> aye. >> it was a saturday night. he became the second in all of history to confront from the only means provided in the tux impeachment. >> i stood by nixon and felt he should remain in office. but then we discovered the tape of june 23rd. this was fatal. >> good evening. president nixon stunned the country today by admitting that he held back evidence from the house judiciary committee, keeping it a secret from his

lawyers and not disclosing in public statements. mr. nixon, with three recorded confers he had on june 23, 1972. six days after the burglarers were caught in waterergate. >> yes, the president himself, not only was he ininvolved in this, but he directed this criminal operation. >> the problem with that tape was that it contradicted what he had said. he had not told the country the truth! some of mr. nixon's most loyal supporters are calling for his resignation.

>> i'm aware of the intense interest of the american people. tonight at 9:00, eastern daylight time, the president of the united states will address the nation on radio and television from this oval office. >> as you probably can see behind us, we have a large number of people who have been standing by to watch the various television networks. most here out of curiosity and concern. only the cbs crew shall be in the room now. only the crew. no, there will be no picture. >> just a few moments. we have 40 seconds to go now. the president has taken his place at the table in the white house where he's going to speak. >> good evening. this is the 37th time i have spoken to you from this office.

where so many decisions have been made that shape the history of this nation. throughout the long and difficult period of watergate, i have felt it was my duty to persevere, to make every possible effort to complete the term of office. but as president, i must put the interest of america first. therefore, i shall resign presidency effective at noon tomorrow. vice president ford will be sworn in as president at that hour in this aufgs. >> this is almost the same tragedy. >> by taking this action, i hope that i will have hastened the start of that process of healing, which is so desperately needed in america.

>> good morning, this is today in washington, friday, august 9 thd. the nation awaits the swearing in at noon eastern time of our 38th president, gerald ford. he and his family are expected to leave by air and we expect to see their departure from the white house. >> in departing the presidency, richard nixon is leaving us one notable legacy. proof that the american system does work. that there is equal justice under the law and that public auf must always be regarded as a public trust.

>> i walked out to the helicopter where the old man put the best face on the worst moment of his life. trying to show that he was not broken. and so i'd go in the helicopter and take off for the last time. it was over. >> we think that when we suffer a defeat, that all is ended. not true. because only if you've been in the deepest valley can you ever know how mag nif sent it is to be on the highest mountain. and so i say to you on this occasion, others may hate you. but those who hate you don't win. unless you hate them.

and then you destroy yourself. >> this is cnnbreaking news. >> it is 10:00 p.m. here in charleston, south carolina. a community reeling after the massacre of nine people just right behind me. thank you so much for join us. we have exclusive video just moments before that deadly rampage. you can see the suspect in the corner. he is 21-year-old dillen ralph, qualmtured this morning about 245 miles away in north carolina and flown back here just a short while ago. the killings being investigated as a hate crime now. three men