we think that is the least we can do. as well as continue to follow what happens to the man responsible for all of this. the cnn original >> did someone put up a lot of money to have the democratic headquarters infiltrated and if so, who and why? >> justice will be pursued no matter who's involved. >> do you have information implicating president nixon? >> the president of the united states demanded the attorney general fire the special prosecutor. >> that is the definition of tyranny. people have got to know whether or not their president's a crook. well, i'm not a crook. >> i don't think there was ever any discussion that there wouldn't be a cover-up. >> congress must move ahead with impeachment proceedings. >> there can be no whitewash at the white house. ♪

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we're going to have to find out what the mood is. >> in 1972, richard nixon is very much at the top of his game and is in a position to achieve his goal of being the greatest president in american history. >> the comments about mao and joe. >> he had desegregated the southern schools, snuted the -- instituted the draft, and he had the greatest arms control agreement in history. not a bad record, and the american people thought so. >> air force one has just landed. it's an historic moment. the official beginning of his visit to china. >> china was considered almost a different planet. and the idea that any american president would go to china was considered a fantasy at best. in terms of foreign policy, it was a moon landing.

>> i think one of the results of our trip we hope may be the walls that are erected whether they are physical walls like this, or other walls of ideology or philosophy will not divide peoples of the world. >> in richard nixon's own mind this was a script. it was designed to result in an overwhelming election victory. >> who do you think you'll vote for this year? >> nixon. >> nixon. >> nixon. >> yeah, nixon. >> nixon. >> is anybody else running but nixon? >> the president was a political animal. the president was phenomenally skilled, he was able to handle virtually anything. >> five men wearing white gloves and carrying cameras were caught

earlier today in the headquarters of the democratic national committee in washington. they were caught by a night watchman and they did not resist arrest when the police came. they were unarmed, the film and the camera hadn't been exposed. in any case they're being held. >> the democratic national committee is housed in the watergate complex. the break-in prepared well in advance. filed were ransacked and papers removed. also this this area, ceiling tiles had been removed for the suspected planting of bugging devices. >> it was saturday morning, the phone rang, it was about 6:30, a colleague of my mine was on the phone, he said, hello, it's chuck. we have a hot one. we have a burglar at the democratic national committee headquarters. most unusual of all, the burglars, five of them, are wearing suits. >> the arraignment of the five middle aged men was slowed down by the fact that each had several aliases.

fourer said they were from miami. fifth from the washington area, three were originally from cuba. the fact presented so far raise a number of intriguing questions, did someone put up a lot of money to have the democratic headquarters infiltrated. if so, why? >> the president's press secretary said, i'm not going to comment on the white house from a third rate burglary attempt, obviously he said we don't condone that kind of second rate activity. >> the first reports came about the burglary at the watergate, i didn't think much of it. >> special report. >> more and more facts begin to come out. >> this is a police photograph of james w. mccord. mccord is a former cia employee. now he runs his own private security service. guess what else he is, a consultant to president nixon's re-election campaign committee. accomplices have been charged in second degree burglary and released on bail.

i don't think that's the last we're going to have on this story. >> it's one of the most shocking actions that i think has happened in this country in a long time. i must say it's the legacy of years of wiretapping and snooping and violation of privacy, in which the government itself has been too deeply involved. >> democrats and republicans played with pranks and tricks all the time. the difference in watergate was with these people were foolish and they got caught. >> no one in the white house staff, no one in this administration was involved in this bizarre incident. >> nixon said this is being investigated by the congress, by the fbi, but even more importantly i have had my own white house counsel john dean conduct an investigation. and he's reported to me that nobody presently employed in this administration had anything to do with this.

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seven people were indicted today, five who were caught by police, along with two others, g. gordon liddy and e. howard hunt. >> i had never met liddy. nor had i met howard hunt. i didn't know who they were when i was in the white house. but when the break-in occurred i said, oh, no. i knew at once instinctively it was our guys. >> g. gordon liddy. financial donnell the nixon

ex-fbi, ex-treasury, ex-justice, ex-white house consultant and e. howard hunt. ex-consultant. >> we didn't think they measured up, it was closer to the typical gang that couldn't shoot straight. >> earl silva read the names of 60 government witnesses, the list included only one ranking white house lawyer and several former employees to re-elect the president. >> if you don't know richard nixon's psychology, you don't know his background, you could never understand why the white house reacted to watergate the way it does. >> from day one there was a great sense we were under siege. we were not deceiving ourselves that the press did not like us. both houses of congress did not like nixon that's the truth. the question is how you deal with it mr. he tries to build a

little mafioso group. they fell under his spell. >> president nixon created what you have to call a paranoid atmosphere in the white house. that you are supposed to get your enemies. they took it literally. if the president says you have to go get our enemies, well we have to go get our enemies. >> nixon, he did not know they were doing the break-in. once it happened, he was convinced they had to engage in a cover-up. >> by august 29th, nixon is deeply involved, to my surprise, in all of the key elements of the cover-up. >> who do you think gave the orders to bug the watergate? >> the persons who the grand jury indicted in washington, d.c. last week gave the orders to do it. >> you don't think they were following orders then? >> no. >> there's nobody hired. >> no evidence to present anybody did that. i think the opposition is disappointed that after a thorough, intensive

investigation that seven persons were with indicted. >> at the time, most of the press was satisfied that the nixon white house had nothing to do with this watergate break-in. >> i have full confidence in the integrity of president nixon and in his determination and ability to resolve the watergate matter to the full satisfaction of the american people. >> now, this is when the "washington post" really distinguished itself from the rest of the press pact. >> october '72, the headlines said a dirty tricks operation had been run out of the white house. >> it's a pretty good story. >> they don't really crack the case, but what the post does effectively is they kept the story alive when nobody else was paying attention to it. >> using innuendo, third-person hearsay, unstub stan shated

sources the post has sought to give the appearance of direct connection between the white house and watergate. a half dozen investigations have found to be false. thank you very much. >> i want to ask one question. >> fairly early on we were running in to a wall of silence or being stone walled. that became clear. none of the seven would talk to us. >> the white house was basically paying hush money to keep the watergate burglars silent. hunt is asking for money and if the money isn't forthcoming these people aren't going to remain silent. >> we're obstructing justice. but nobody was thinking of the criminal law. with were thinking of the politics of it all. >> all of the birthers stay quiet. nobody else is indicted, which is exactly what the white house's strategy was. >> the strategy was containment. if it doesn't get widespread coverage in the country as a

whole, then we'll be able to handle this. >> this is about the government. this is about credibility. this is about deception, this is about bugging. this is about the white house. and this is how you stop it with your vote. >> while senator mcgovern is out campaigning trying to get his message to people, president nixon seems above the campaign carrying out his presidential duties and leaving the hard campaigning to vice president agnew. >> the fascinating thing is people want to trust the king. people don't want to believe this about their president. >> a p.a., decisively important state for the democrats gone tonight to the republicans. kansas, connecticut, texas, michigan, delaware, arkansas, and north dakota. those are the states we show for president nixon.

>> that was one of the greatest victories any president has ever had, carrying every state except massachusetts and the district of columbia. >> i think he shadow on the victory is a watergate affair and i believe a great many people very close to the president would like to have a move on that as one of the high priorities of his new administration. >> either have these people exonerated or get them out and persuade the country that the taint is gone, if there is a real taint. i am totally blind. and sometimes i struggle to sleep at night, and stay awake during the day. this is called non-24. learn more by calling 844-824-2424. or visit your24info.com.

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>> the jury the watergate case reached a quick verdict late today. nixon campaign counsel gordon liddy and campaign security chief james mccord guilty on all accounts in the break in and bugging of the democratic national convention headquarters. liddy faces a possible 35 years in prison. mccord with two more counts against him a possible 45 years. >> they were all found guilty, all of the seven men who were originally indicted, but one of them starts to crack. >> is your client going to spill the beans on this watergate affair to the judge. >> i have advised mr. mccord to be guided by his own conscience and convictions. he will do that. >> mccord feels higher ups

shouldn't get off scot-free. >> mccord wrote the judge a letter. in it he says, other people, not yet named were involved in the break in at democratic national headquarters. >> mccord said there are efforts made to keep us quiet. there are people responsible that are much higher up than us and you are being denied that information. >> i think what bothers republicans is there apparently so much more to be revealed. every day, every week when something else happens it is one further dagger many the heart. >> by and large it was a national consensus. listen, the president is saying one thing. the prosecutors are saying another thing. there are a lot of serious accusations in the air. let's get to the bottom of it. >> senator sam irvin of north carolina was chosen today by the democrats in the senate to conduct a full investigation of the watergate case. >> once that senate committee

convenes in february of '73, it is the first time that people will have to testify under oath. this was not good for the president. >> i go in on march 21st to see nixon and i lay out the mess we're in. telling him i thought there was a cancer on his presidency. my hope is by laying it out as brutally as i can he'll bring his fist down on the table and he'll say, this is unacceptable. we have to end this. to my surprise, i am unable to convince him. >> he had been caught up in this, and done things that involved the obstruction of justice. they decided he was going to be the sacrificial lam lamb. lamb >> john dean was in way over his head. when he realized this ship is going down, he jumped. >> this morning, without the president's approval, dean

issued a statement in which among other things he declared some may hope or think i will become a scapegoat in the watergate case. anyone who believes this does not know me, know the true facts or understand our system of justice. >> do you have information implicating president nixon in a cover-up? >> i have no comment this morning? >> we started having secret conversations with john dean. he was disclosing this conspiracy to put it mildly. >> when i broke rank and started dealing with the prosecutors in early april. i had the naive belief that by breaking rank, they would do likewise. >> john dean kept upping the ante. i want immunity. okay. i'll tell you this. >> i remember this, john has something to tell you. and dean told us, this same group had broken into the office. he said, oh, your jaw just

dropped beneath the floor. >> in 1971, daniel elsburg had been a defense consultant, decided the war was wrong and so he took this vast rhyme of secret papers and leaked it to the "new york times." >> i felt as an american citizen i can no longer cooperate in concealing this information from the american public. >> the papers never mentioned the name richard nixon but the leak drove richard nixon nuts. >> i think it is time in this country to quit making national heros out of those who steal secrets and publish them in the newspapers. >> this is a product of the president's paranoia about his ability to control his own government. >> they actually broke in psychiatrist office. come on. somebody's psychiatrist office files are raided by people who were commissioned by the white house? >> it's one thing to disclose

breaking in to the office of the democratic national committee. it's another to have broken in to the offices of a person's psychiatrist. and the public would have an adverse reaction to that, much more so than the democratic national headquarters. >> i hope whatever comes out they get it over with, they find out what it is and it teaches us some kind of lesson because this country is coming on to its 200th anniversary and i want to be proud of it when it does and i'm not too proud of it right now. >> that's when i went to nixon and i said get up and clear for this thing. whoever is going to have to go, ought to go now. >> good evening. the biggest white house scandal in a century. the watergate scandal broke wide open today. the two closest men to the president, his chief of staff and the chief domestic adviser have is resigned. the president's white house legal counsel john dean has been

fired. reportedly dean is implicated in efforts to cover up the watergate scandal and he may implicate the others. >> good evening. i want to talk to you tonight from my heart on a subject of deep concern to every american. today, in one of the most difficult decisions of my presidency, i accepted the resignations of two of my closest associates in the white house. >> he thought by throwing out his inner circle he would be left alone. he was throwing these people under the bus so the bus wouldn't hit him. >> justice will be pursued fairly, fully and impartially. no matter who's involved. >> richard nixon wants to control everything but he's extraordinarily delusional.

i mean he really doesn't seem to understand that he's digging himself deeper and deeper in to the crime when he's trying to dig himself out. >> we must maintain the integrity of the white house. and that integrity must be real, not transparent. there can be no whitewash at the white house. >> in may of 1973, earl silver is preparing to hand the case over to archie cox and said there are 39 principals involved in the case. number 39, president nixon. >> what if this leads to the oval office of the white house? >> the trail should be followed wherever it leads. we got the new tempur-flex and

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watergate senate hearings. >> good morning. this is the senate caucus room in washington, d.c. and it's jammed this morning, jammed with spectators, newsmen and their aides and the scene adds to the drama as the senate opens what is likely to become the most serious investigation that is ever made. >> i was glued to the hearings

like everybody else. watching my friends goup and testify and trying to understand what happened. >> i think there was no question that the cover-up began that saturday, when we realized there was a break-in. i don't think there was any discussion there wouldn't be a cover-up. >> the president said there is no problem in raising a million dollars. we can do that. but it would be wrong. >> neither mr. haldeman nor i were involved in this respect. >> people were seeing this underside of the white house. this kind of gothic reality they never existed. men in trench kets showing up in phone booths with bags of money. >> it comes from way up at the top. >> yes, sir. i believed that he was talking about the president. >> good morning. although this is not abc's scheduled day to provide live continuous coverage. we are going on with the hearings because the witness will be john dean. the 34-year-old lawyer who one year ago was another anonymous official at the white house but today is a well-known figure indeed.

>> the truth so help you god. >> so help me god. >> if people knew one thing about john dean, he was the guy that knew what was going on in watergate. when it was announced he was going to testify. people knew this was the moment that was going to blow wide open. >> i told the president there was no way to pay these individuals to meet their demands. he asked me how much it would cost, i told him he could only make an estimate it might be as high as a million dollars or more. he told me that was no problem. he also looked over at haldeman and repeated the same statement. >> this was the first time a white house staffer had ever contradicted a president on live television. >> theres with also maintained an enemy's list, which is rather extensive. >> the idea that the white house draws up a list of enemies and is prepared to use the agencies of government. this is very, very serious scary stuff.

>> john dean talked about a list of enemies compiled at the white house. >> alexander -- >> once the enemies list was revealed, as sure as a news correspondent is reading off this, he reads his own name. >> daniel schorr. a real media enemy. >> i remember thinking at the time, what is going on is this really believable? >> you're aware of the gravity of the charges you have made under oath against the highest official of our land, the president of the united states? >> yes, i am. >> and being so aware, do you still stand on your statement? >> yes, i do. >> when i'm finishing my testimony for the senate, i read it, and i said, you know, it's my word against haldeman, mitchell and the president.

>> those attending these sessions would surmise there's another witness in the building. >> a witness will be called and as to who it will be we'll have to wait and see. >> are you aware of any listening devices in the oval office of the president? >> i was aware of listening devices, yes, sir. >> when he answered yes, everybody in america just froze. like uh-oh, tapes, what tapes? >> did mr. ehrlichman or mr. dino about the presence of those devices? >> that would be unlikely, they definitely did not know. >> from that day forward, the story of watergate takes on a whole different complexion. the happiest man at the moment would be john dean. >> what is the best way to reconstruct those conversations? >> well, the obvious manner to

obtain the tape and play it. >> slowly this smile comes over my face and i said, get those tapes as fast as you can before they disappear. >> i received a letter to decline to furnish the eight requested tapes. careful study convinced me that any blanket claim to withhold this from the grand jury is legitimate >> congress should not be able to delve into the private discussions of the president in the white house about but to invoke executive privilege to cover up a third rate burglary was suspect. >> now special prosecutor >> now special prosecutor >> now special prosecutor >> now special prosecutor >> now special >> now special >> now special >> many have urged that i should turn over to the special

prosecutor and the senate committee, recordings of conversations i held in my office or on my telephone. however, a much more important principal is involved in this question than what the tapes might prove about watergate. >> he gathers his legal team, his advisers and a number of them say mr. president, if you destroy these tapes it's admission of guilt. also, theoretically, it could be obstruction of justice. >> he felt it would suggest he was implicated in watergate and he had something to hide. if he refused to give them up and destroy them. that's probably true but he still should have done it. >> the president gets contradictory advice and the moment passes. he dunn destroy the tapes and he fights not to release the tapes. >> the judge said the evidence is not conclusive as to why the

president hasn't fully complied with subpoenas for those tapes and there's a distinct possibility of unlawful conduct. >> what he is doing is kind of depersonalizing it all and saying if i release these it will do irreparable damage to the office of the presidency. >> for one thing the president still has not said at anytime listen, john dean is lying and i have the tapes to prove it. maybe there's more on those tapes than the president would have us believe. so you're a small business expert from at&t? yeah, give me a problem and i've got the solution.

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>> after hard deliberation and much prayer, i can concluded several days ago that the public interest and the interest of those who mean the most to me would best be served by my stepping down. >> there's evidence which shows that agnew was taking political kick backs, not only while governor of maryland but also while he was vice president. >> what is your reaction to the resignation of vice president agnew just announced? >> i don't know too much about him but nixon stinks. >> developments at the white house today that indicate that some kind of major decision is near on the constitutional issue of the white house tapes. special prosecutor arch bald cox, he wanted the tapes. he wanted the tapes themselves and there's an impasse.

yesterday mr. nixon ordered cox stop going to court to try to gain access to the tapes. today cox held a news conference and said since the president was defying the court he was going to defy the president. >> last night we were told the court order would not be obeyed. that the papers memoranda and mome documents thoof kind would not be provided at all. >> he let the president have it. this is obstruction of justice and that was the turning point. >> it was the limo seen on the west side driveway of the white house this afternoon with the number 77. it turned out to be elliot richard's limo and when reporters spotted him leaving the white house they knew something was in progress. >> what's the general reaction to the developments today? >> there will be an announcement

from the white house later on. >> there will be? >> does it have to do with the resignation of the attorney general? >> it might. >> the following historic events occurred. the president of the united states demanded the attorney general fire special prosecutor cox. the attorney general refused and resigned. the president then ordered the assistant attorney general to fire the special prosecutor. he refused. the president immediately fired him. solicitor general robert bourque was with quickly named acting attorney general. he was ordered to fire special prosecutor cox. he did. >> it was unbelievable. literally unbelievable but it was real. you kept thinking that couldn't be, you know? but it was. >> i can make no further comment now other than the offices have been sealed by the fbi. >> how could you possibly bring this man to justice if it was within his power to call the investigation to a close? >> please, everyone.

>> basically the president has seized full control of the special prosecutor's office and is in full possession of potentially incriminating evidence that could lead to the conviction of his closest associates and to his conviction. that is the definition of tierney. >> there could be no doubt this is a constitutional crisis. this is a president trying to stand above the law. i remember thinking at the time the country is not going to stand for this. >> i think it is amazing the country is not already fighting in the streets. he's divide a country that much. >> events of the past few days leave us little choice but though move ahead with preparation for impeachment proceedings. >> do you think the president should be impeached? >> yes, sir, i do. i can't trust him. >> at the time, the idea of impeaching a president was a radical idea. it hadn't happened in over a century. >> impeachment does not mean removing him from office but

putting him on trial in the senate to determine his fitness to continue in office. >> the whole country is going bananas. >> i went by howard johnsonsing and the flavor of the month is impeachment. >> what is it about television coverage of you that has so aroused your anger? >> one can only be angry with those he respects. >> he obviously was having some sort of mental breakdown. it became clear there was something very wrong with nixon. >> people have to know whether or not their president is a crook. well, i'm not a crook. >> a lot of people want the president to resign. they don't want to put the country through an impeachment drama. they want to create an atmosphere that essentially forces his hand. >> watergate committee named a new computer, conservative texas democrat. >> whatever i conceive to be necessary in order to perform my function properly i will ask for. if i don't receive it i will

proceed to undertake to it get. >> it jaworski comes to washington, presented with the evidence. a couple of days later goes to the white house and says i think the president had to get a criminal lawyer. >> i think it is not excessive to say we have been put through too much. either the congress or the president by his own patriotic decision should relieve the nation of a burden that has grown too heavy to carry any longer. >> the effect of this was a huge dip in public support for richard nixon. the white house thought that it could solve the tape's problem by producing transcripts. the idea that he's going to release these transcripts, richard nixon thinks he is finally going to be able to cauterize the wound. >> from the text, i think there's no doubt about the seriousness of the problem we've got. we have a cancer from within, close to the presidency that's growing. >> the tapes show the president is involved at the times that dean said he was. it shows that dean's memory is

predijous. >> i would say these people are going to cost a million dollars over the next two years. >> the president -- >> you could get a million dollars. you could get it in cash. i know where it could be gotten. now when individuals read the entire transcript, they may reach different interpretations, but i know what i meant and i know also what i did. >> richard nixon's problem is they keep subpoenaing more and more tapes. he said he is not going to give them up unless the supreme court demands him to. >> the supreme court today heard arguments in historic case of the united states of america versus richard nixon, president of the united states. >> the television camera saw the two main players in this classic confrontation arise. president nixon's attorney, the special watergate prosecutor to argue his case against the president's refusal to surrender 64 tapes and documents. >> it's a strange notion the

president of the united states is the defendant and the government of the united states is the prosecutor. >> jaworski was cheered as the entered the supreme court building. such as a roman gladiator entering they ree arena to do b. >> if it came down to the supreme court of the united states making a decision against the president, would he obey or would he put himself in a confrontation with the supreme court? >> i don't know of anyone here at the white house or anywhere else who knows the answer to that. human sardines packing so into tiny frames. come to.

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at eleven a.m. the supreme court tells the president he was wrong to withhold those tapes. at 7 p.m. the president announce he will of course obey. at 8 p.m. the house judiciary committee opens is doors of the television media for its debate. >> the american people, the house of representatives and the constitution demand that we make up our mind. >> for all of those in favor,

signify by saying aye, all opposed no. >> mr. donahue. >> aye. >> mr. bruce. >> aye. >> >> it was a saturday night and sort of near sundown when they voted the first article of impeachment and the room was quiet. peter went in the back and cried. we took it very seriously. >> with that vote, mr. nixon became the first president in more than a century and only the second in all of our history to confront removal from office through the only means provided in the constitution, impeachment. >> i stood by nixon and felt he should remain in office but then we discovered the tape of june 23rd. this was fatal. >> good evening. president nixon stunned the country today by admitting he held back evidence from the house judiciary committee, keeping it a secret from his

lawyers and not disclosing it in public statements. mr. nixon issued transcripts of three recorded conversations he had with halderman on june 23rd, 1972, six days after the burglars were caught in the watergate. >> the facts came out. yes, the president himself, not only was he involved in this but he directed this criminal operation. >> the problem with that tape was not that it implicated nixon so much in the watergate thing but it contradicted what he said. he had not told the country the truth. >> the news caused a storm in washington and some of mr. nixon's most loyal supporters are calling for his resignation. ♪ >> i'm aware with of the intense

interest of the american people concerning developments today and over the last few days. tonight at 9:00, eastern daylight time, the president of the united states will address the nation on radio and television from his oval office. >> as you probably can see behind us, we have a large number of people who have been standing by to watch the various television networks. most here out of curiosity and concern. >> only the cbs crew now is in this room during this -- only the crew. no, there will be no pictures. >> just a few moments. we have 40 seconds to go now. the president has taken his place at the table in the white house while where he is going to speak. >> good evening. this is the 37th time i have spoken to you from this office.

where so many decisions have been made that shaped the history of this nation. throughout the long and difficult period of watergate, i have felt it was my duty to persevere, to make every possible effort to complete the term of office to which you elected me. but as president, i must put the interest of america first. therefore, i shall resign the presidency effective at noon tomorrow. vice president ford will be sworn in as president at that hour and in this office. >> when you weigh what happened against the potential of president nixon, this is almost the dictionary definition of tragedy. >> by taking this action, i hope that i will have hastened the start of that process of

healing, which is so desperately needed in america. >> good morning. this is today in washington. friday, august 9th. the nation awaiting the swearing in at noon eastern time of our 38th president, gerald ford and the departure from political life of richard m. nixon. he and his family are expected to leave by air to their home in california later morning, and we expect to see their departure from the white house. >> in departing the presidency, richard nixon is leaving us with one notable legacy -- proof that the american system does work. that there is equal justice under the law and that public office must always be regarded as a public trust. ♪

>> i walked out to the helicopter where the old man gave the double v, putting the best face on the worst moment of his life. trying to show he was not broken. and so i'm going in the helicopter and take off for the last time. it was over. >> we think that when we suffer a defeat that all has ended. not true. because only if you have been in the deepest valley can you ever know how magnificent it is to be on the highest mountain. so i say to you on this occasion, others may hate you, but those who hate you don't win

unless you hate them. and then you destroy yourself. a young man suspected of gunning down church goers during a bible study session. he is now in police custody and we're learning more about claims of his racist past. >> also ahead this hour, the mass killing puts gun control back in the spotlight. the u.s. president is taking on the issue. later in this broadcast, we learn more about the reverend, the track coach, the librarian and others who died in this shooting. we welcome our viewers here in the united states and around the world. i'm george howell live in charleston, south carolina. >> hello, george. i'm natalie allen. and you are watching cnn newsroom. ♪