this wednesday. tweet your questions for the candidates@cnn debate. in simi valley, gps starts right now. >> this is gps, the global public square. welcome to all of you in the united states and around the world. coming to you today from london. we have a very special guest from here who will help us understand the top threads to the united states and allies. is it isis, al qaeda, iran, russia, china? >> i will talk to the real life counterpart of james bond's fictional boss. >> he was the chief of britain's secret intelligence service.

also why is germany taking in so many refugees? and why is the rest of europe's reaction to it sullen at best and spiteful at worst? i will explain. meet the man who wants to take in 100,000 refugees. this egyptian billionaire said all he needs is for greece or italy to sell him an island. finally, paying taxes, donating organs and helping others rather than send in the police and pass more laws and ban more stuff. can the government nudge to you do the right thing? there is a nudge unit here in the united kingdom and we will talk to the head of it. first, here's my take. as 16 candidates try to get

noticed, perhaps we shouldn't be surprised to hear crazy rhetoric and outulantish ideas. chris christie proposed that all legal visitors to the united states, anyone with a visa be tracked every minute like a fedex package. mike huckabee compared planned parenthood to isis and said they both take people's heads off. i haven't even gotten to donald trump. the brunt of this extremism has been born by immigrants, especially mexicans. it's crude and obnoxious, but inconsequential. the policies could not be ena enacted or implemented and although they may be offended, the country has to find a way to make peace with the neighbor to the north. none of this is true about china. the new target of irresponsible rhetoric. china is the world's second largest economy, almost 2.5

times the side as the next largest japan. china will continue to have ice is mick effects on the global system. governor scott walker declared that the upcoming state visit of china's presidency should be canceled. marco rubio would allow it, but downgrade and use it as an opportunity to speak bluntly to the authoritarian ruler. in a speech billed as out lining the policy, china is a rising threat to the economic interest and a growing danger to our national security. christie explained washington needs a military approach to china. trump goes further. >> i asked the senior most statesman in the foreign party ren he kissinger what he makes. it is foolishness, but

dangerous. it could have extremely grave repercussions. part of the problem is that china's government remains a black box and few understand what's happening that makes it easy to have the intentions to beijing's every move. take the recent decision to allow the currency tow fall. instandpointly denounced by politicians as an effort to flood the market with chief goods. over the past few years, they have appreciated substantially against the dollar and the yen. the chinese government appeared to be responding to western pressure to allow market forces to rain which in this case made the currency fall. that's why the monetary fund-raised the decision to devalue. the policies have been inconsistent and ineffective, but that doesn't mean they are evil. the republicans's rhetoric on

china and mexico reveals a break down of the teart's ideological vision and develop. for decades they favored internationalism and engagement and free markets. in 2016, it's possible that the party's nominee will be pop lift, nativist and protectionist. the consequences of this climate of china bashing could be serious. it might turn out that overtime, we tomorrow it is not possible to cooperate with china, kissinger said. we should exhaust every effort to have a serious constructively relationship. if not, the tensions will build and misunderstandingsill grow and i worry that we would find ourselves in an atmosphere similar to that of europe before world war i, a war no one want and no one knew thou stop. for more go to cnn.com and read my "washington post" column on the topic. i will be listening to hear what

the candidates say when cnn hosts the next debate at 6:00 and 8:00 p.m. eastern on wednesday night. i hope you will be watching and listening too. now, let's get started. >> the cold war is easy. today is a whole different game and the struggle was laid out corn ice isly by the fictional head of england's secret intelligence in the latest james bond movie, sky fall. >> i see a different world than you do. and the truth that what i see frightens me. i'm friedened because our enemies. our world is not more

transparent now. it's more opaque. it's in the shadows. that's where we must do battle. >> that was judy as a fictional head of england's very real mi 6. the code name at the bond movies is m. the real head of mi 6's code name is c. that stands for chief of the secret intelligence service. that is the guest my next guest had, the equivalent of the cia of the united states. they have another seat, the chairman of the macro advisory partners. pleasure to have you on. let me ask you, do you think that the world today is safer than it was when you took on your job five years ago? >> it's pretty chaotic and dangerous at the moment. i think, for example, i was the chief and joined the bond on olympics when we were able to

assure the prime minister and that they would be terrorism-free. thanks to a lot of hard work, it was. you could be confident if they were in 2016. that's because of the rise of isis and the way they evolved. they are not trying to fly airliners into the building. they do simpler things and they take them into shopping you will malls or attack people with knives. that's much harder to stop and obstruct as an intelligence service. we also have the whole cyber dimension which is creating vulnerabilities for everyone. we don't really have a process to set the limits or recognize. the united states is both the government and the private

sector have been subject and people think they know what the sources of it was. there is no real ability to deal with this in a conventional way. we will have to find a new way to deal with threats. >> when you look at the migrant crisis and hear voices in europe and some in the united states who worry about the fact that among these waves of mi grands, there may be people who are, how worried are you and how do you think it can be feddered and sure that you can sort this out? >> i understand the sensitivity. the concern about that. that's not my biggest concern about the terrorist thread caused by the crisis in syria. i think the great bulk of these refugees are people genuinely fleeing conflict and fleeing for their lives and seeking a better life for themselves and their

families. i don't think we should treat the refugees as potential terrorists. i think the real problem certainly in europe that we face is that so many of our own citizens have been timeout syria and have signed up with terrorist organizations like isis and have posed a risk because they can come back radicalized and we saw attacks in paris and copenhagen. >> people say it's because these people are unemployed or some other people say it's because of the ideologies. the way i look at it, it's 300 or 400 million people. there will be misfits and crazies and how could you possibly preemptively know that this middle class guy is going

to go crazy? >> that's one of the skills that intelligence said they have to develop. you have to have sources of information and have to win the trust of key figures in muslim communities and we have to be able to penetrate with secret edges. this is a hard task. we had success in this and we foiled many terrorist attacks in this country and elsewhere. i don't think we can expect to have a 100% record. they will get through. america in britain and france have been quite successful, but. >> we have to move on. what does the intelligence tell

you and how divided is it. i think what we are seeing is a country that is going through a transition from a revolutionary basis to being a more normal state and struggles going on inside the country. i know the president is the british negotiator. we started that long ago and the foreign minster as well. they have a different vision for iran in terms of iran's security than the hard liners and the revolutionary guard and the force and so on. there different concepts and when i visited tehran not in the last job, but when i was a diplomat and negotiator, you get

the sense that the iranian people didn't really have much respect for the concept of revolution and the state in iran. they want to have a normal and be able to do business and travel and use their iphones and access the internet. i think we need patience to allow it time to evolve and develop over the coming 10 to 15 years. at the end of the day, we still have an ultimate guarantor in terms of a potential military strike if iran tries to break out. there is a potential for iran to be a more normal country. we should maximize that possibility. >> when we come back, more with john. we will ask him about put in and saudi arabia and china when we

come back.

>>. >> the man who was known as c. he was the chief of england's secret intelligence known as mi 6. that job was named famous on books and screen the west put in place the sanctions that condemned the annexation and told russia to stop medaling in

ukraine. >> in response to the annexation of crimea. the conflict that he helped contribute to in the east of ukraine. the situation in ukraine is calmer now that it was last year. president putin understands if he wants to have any prospects of the sanctions on russia being lifted. he will have to cooperate with the ukrainian government. we have to understand that they have a special hold for the peop

people. >> what about what's going on in china? >> you look at china and you have a powerful leader, more powerful some people say than him. he consolidated power and he is presiding over in terms of the challenges they are facing, they are trying to be export-led and highly successful in growth they managed to achieve and sustain. they are having to adapt or trying to adapt to a more market-led statement. it's hugely in our interest that

china manages this and the relationship between the united states and china is going to be the key relationship. it's important that china succeeds. a failed china is much more dangerous. we should pair that in mind. >> what is your reading off barack obama as president in for analysis. what would you say? >> we didn't spy on the united states and we have a very good cooperation. in terms of president obama's performance, i think the first thing you have to say is he had the series of issues on the security side and financial crisis that really set back the

economies. he had a series of issues hoe had to deal with and his focus has been on the domestic side and on health care issues and rebuilding the american economy. i think on the external policies, he has been cautious. possibly to a fault. he has been back involved in the military engagements, for example. recognizing that public opinion for further engagements is lured. he is taking risks with osama bin laden killing which i think has shaken the capacity of al qaeda. to launch attacks and the political initiatives are important steps forward in terms

of normalizing both the countries. there elements on both sides of the ledger. he has been a calm and steady and reliability president and as a partner for european leaders as well. overall the assessment is positive. >> great to have you as a guide. pleased to have you on. >> thank you very much indeed. >> why are some of germany's neighbors comparing the current policies to those of the nazis. what in the world? when we come back. he's older so he needs my help all day. when my back pain flared up we both felt it i took tylenol at first but i had to take 6 pills to get through the day. then my friend said "try aleve". just two pills, all day. and now, i'm back for my best bud! aleve. all day strong

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now for our what in the world segment. the men, women, and children who fled their country, the obama administration wants the united states to take in 10,000 over the next year. britain has promised it will revise its policy and resettle up to 20,000 over the next five years. and then there is germany where an estimated 800,000 asylum

seekers will arrive this year. more than in all of europe in 2014. you would think that german generosity would spur other countries to emulate or thank and raise it. not quite. some have been quick to criticize germany for violating european union rules and creating a magnet that will attract others and increasing risks of jihadi infiltration. hungary's prime minister said the problem is not a european problem, the problem is a german problem. france's populous leader went so far as to recruit slaves through mass immigration. it was certain certainly a sly rrchs to the nazi policy of forced labor in world war ii. europe is under stress on many fronts and many politicians have found an easy way to deflect the

glam. conjure up the ghosts of the nazis. the leading magazine points out that nazi symbols have been anti-austerity demonstrations. pointing to posters and character surs at rallies in portugal, spain, italy and of course greece. during the debt negotiations that greek government approved a video that played inside subway trains in athens. it included footage of occupation of greece and texts that stated we claim what germany owes us. newspapers in greece have often compared germany's position on the debt restructuring to nazi policies. one can disagree with certain policies and the emphasis on austerity, but it is shameful to use that to stoke up old hatreds that have no basis in today's

world. modern germany tried as hard as any nation has to repent. it behaved as a liberal democracy and model global citizen. it paid out hundreds of billions in reparations and foreign aid. the culture is steeped in the memory with memorials, museums and monuments all marking the most gruesome chapter of german history. i can't think of any other country that has dealt with that. the migration policies are part of the effort to overcome the past. afterworld war 2, west germany accepted around 13 million people from soviet rule according to reuters. in the early 1990s, it took in more than a half million people displaced. nothing can erase the horrors of world war ii, modern germany is the most horrible example of

culturures that can change and redemption is possible even for a nation soaked in blood. for more on this, go to cnn.com and read my "washington post" column this week. as you just heard, germany and a nation of 80 million people will take in an estimated 800 million asylum seekers. next you will meet a man who wants to take in 100,000. even 200,000 all by himself.

after many years flowing out of syria and the greater middle east, the world sat up and paid attention in recent days. the reason? the striking image of 2-year-old syrian boy who died while trying to reach freedom. my next guest has a noveled idea to help and the means to do so.

now he wants to name that idea after the dead syrian boy. e land island is his dream. the egyptian teleconbillionaire with a net worth of around $3 billion sent letters to the prime ministers of and italy asking them to sell him an island to house and employ 100 to 200,000 refugees. he admitted on twitter it's a crazy idea, but said if he gets his island, he can and will take care of all the rest. he joins me now. thank you for joining us. >> thank you very much. >> when did you think of this? this must have been something you were thinking of even before this tragic case of e land. >> i must admit it's the picture of e land that woke me up.

it was a touching picture. in addition that, the way these pictures were coming out of hungary and the way of refugees were being treated by the authorities there and being beaten and put into the trains and buses, it was just too much. this was the moment of what i said i cannot just sit like that and do nothing and pretend it's not my problem. >> so explain your idea. say you get the island. what exactly would you do? >> it's not about just getting the island. the chance for this idea is not just finding the island and buying the island, but the idea is that i would -- it's an island in greece under the jurisdiction of italy or greece. i would like to have the consent of the prime minister of italy or greece to house and post these refugees in this island.

finding an island and buying it is the second point, but i think the challenge here is really -- you can't just take people and put them on an island that you bought that falls under the jurisdiction. they don't have visas and we need passport control and people to check them out and data and you need customs. there is challenge of the idea that to have the authorities accept the fact that you would host the immigrants and specifically greece has a lot of islands that are for sale and they should offer me one, but accept that we host these immigrants. the rest i can do. it's very simple. i will build a temporary housing and school and temporary hospital. then we will use these people and provide them jobs to build a new city on the island. to build the island. this war is not going to end in weeks or in months.

it may be years even. what do we do with the people in the meanwhile? i am here in bell grad and i met the interior minster and his biggest fear is that the winter is coming and it's going to snow and how will they sustain this weather and everything? we need to move fast. >> when you look at the people who have fled syria, what is striking is in the mideast. the countries that have taken these people are not the richest. jordan has taken over a million. lebanon has taken some. turkey has. saudi arabia has barely taken any. egypt has barely taken any. wouldn't it be fair to say those countries with a lot of land in saudi arabia, you don't need the island in greece. you could take millions of square miles of land on which they could build houses.

>> let me say that egypt is hosting 300,000 syrian refugees. you could do more. you are right when you mention saudi arabia or kuwait or the emirat emirates. there regions instead of financing the wrong guys. >> there is one consensus. the egyptians and the whole world. and raping women in front of our eyes. these countries should at least do something all respect to your president obama and sending 300 trainees and people to train the

iraqi army is not the solution for what i call the soldiers. these are people who are not just terrorists, but criminals. what are we doing? that's the real problem. i think i would ask that one could come to the political compromise. how could you come with the sirrial killers and gangsters? >> thank you. up next, ever try to get your kids to do something they don't want to do? i know from experience, it's a tough battle. trying to get people to do something like pay taxes. the government here in the united kingdom set up a nudge unit to do just that. nudge people and persuade them to do the right thing. apparently it works. find out how to get your child to makes it bet and more important things too. when i started at the shelter,

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paying taxes in countries where a tax bill comes due ranks at or near the top of the least favorite activities of the year. many people procrastinate until it's too late and send in their checks after the deadline. here in the united kingdom, almost a million people are set to have filed late last year. the government loses out on revenue. what to do about that and confounds officials around the world. a few years ago they set up a team called behavioral insights. to solve that problem and others like it, how to get people to donate organs or to do good for others. david is the chief executive of the unit commonly known as the

nudge unit for nudging people into doing things they may not otherwise do. how do you get people to pay their taxes on time? >> the british government was worried about it when we had a gap in our budget. we took a lot of people who were late paying their tax and we told them something that is true. it's peer pressure. a kind of gentle peer pressure. >> a nicer way to encourage people to pay their tax. it led to many other generations. for example, if you say most people in their area pay their tax on time is more effective. you are one of the few who get to pay their taxes. it gets to be more effective. >> what are the other kinds of things you try to nudge people to do. >> it's the range of government.

most things that they do concerns behavior. you want people to get back to work and work harder in school. it's a range of things. when you go to the job center, you have to prove you are looking for work and say which job did you get last week? we said forget that and we should ask about the opportunity next week. what kind of work and so on. you are much more likely to do something if you plan ahead. asking people to do it next week instead of last meant they were much faster to get into work. we replicated that result. >> you are asking people what do you hope to do next week? >> what kind of work are you looking for? i want to be a tv presenter and how are you going to go about it? i'm going to cool my friends. when is a good time? tuesday morning. you encourage someone to think more precisely when, where, and how.

>> rather than accumulating the information about what they did and how they have been searching. >> payou are much more likely to do it. if you get them to take an injection or get a vaccination, think about when you will do it and much more like you do. the same is true for voting. if you prompt someone to think how you will get to the voting booth, just prompting the question. >> don't have them think in the abstract, have them think in the particular with the time. >> concrete terms. it particularly helps with people who are less organized in terms of a job search activity. it's a remarkable result. we are not changing people's skills and the leg market. just asking the questions in a different way. people are much more effective and they get off >> what about the famous examples that people give that come out of the book, if you put the fruits and salad at the start of a buffet, people are more likely to consume good

things. if you put the stubad stuff at end of the buffet. is part of it how you structure these choices? >> absolutely. in your example, it's not gump that does that. it's lots of other private sector players, too. in the uk, for example, there have been discussions on a voluntarily basis getting retailers. for example, not to put so much chocolate and sweets by the check-out. your child is there, could we get one of those? on a voluntary basis, the retailers removed the chaklet, which makes it easier for us to make healthy choices. >> why would a retailer do that? kids want chocolate. if you want put carrots there, my kids aren't going to clamor and say, please, buy me carrots. >> funny, if you put cartoon characters on carrots, they are more likely to. we all have an issue in society about obesity. some retailers want to do the right thing.

sometimes governments, rather than passing a law, you can engage in a conversation. if their customers themselves want that. so when you're in the store, would you rather go to a place where you feel like i'm not going to be pestered when i go to the check-out. customers ask for that, too. >> the other kind of example that has been tried in america is if you want people to withhold money, to save money, if you make the saving the default and say check a box if you don't want to save this money, you ended up with a much better outcome than the other. >> not only america. in britain, we changed that from 2012, also. since then, even that was large funds. more than 5 million people are saving. it gives people a choice. we thought, maybe angelo saxons don't like saving. we just don't like doing paperwork. we still have a choice to opt out. generally about 9 in 10 people stay in and it's phenomenally

effective as opposed to a tax subsidy. >> final question. how far can this go? i mean, is this a substitute for legislation? in a way, it would be ideal if it could organically shift people's choices. >> it won't do anything. it's not going to solve global warming by itself or stop war, but there are many areas where it can be effective. in relation to health, most years of healthy life lost are behavior, we don't exercise enough, eat well enough. the same is true for crime, for economic growth. economies bounce up and down because of what we think other people are doing. we're often wrong in those perceptions. there have been great successes in the uk, but it's also that we think we're still scratching the surface. there's a long way still to go. >> best of luck. fascinating ideas. >> next on gps, the queen just became the longest serving british monarch. but who's got the crown for the whole world? find out when we come back.

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this week, queen elizabeth ii became britain's longest serving monarch when she broke queen victoria's record. despite those more than 23,000 days on the throne, she is not the world's longest serving monarch. who is? is it the king of sweden, the king of thailand, the sultan of brunei, or the queen of denmark? stay tuned and we'll tell you the correct answer. this week's book of the week is "the drunkard's walk" how randomness rules our lives. we all know that a lot of life's successes and failures are because of luck. this excellent book makes you think about that in a systematic

and serious way. if you like malcolm gladwell and his ilk, you'll really enjoy this book. now for the last look. >> i think the united states honestly, sadly, cannot relax our entrance criteria. we're having to be very careful about who we let enter this country from these war-torn regions to insure that terrorists are not coming here. >> that was republican presidential candidate carly fiorina, voicing an opinion many in america share, despite the fact that america was founded by those fleeing religious persecution. the first refugee legislation in this country was not passed until 1948. he wrote, quote, i believe the admission of these persons will add to the strength and energy of the nation. and there is evidence to say that truman was correct in regard to refugees and more broadly migrants. for example, according to one study of australian migrants out this week, the longer

humanitarian migrants stay in a country, they are more likely to start their own businesses than other migrants. and some in europe get it. germany's minister of the economy said on thursday that training refugees will, quote, solve one of our biggest problems for the economic future of our country, the skills shortage. but it's more than just the economics. refugees who fled strife in their eras include people like frederick chopin, sigmund freud, and madeleine albright. should there be thorough screening of migrants entering the country? of course, but as truman reminded us, it's not just the potential for terror we need to think about. it's the potential for strength and energy as well. the correct answer to our gps challenge question is, b, the king of thailand is the world's longest reigning monarch. having ruled for more than 69 years. just one last note. don't forget to tune in to the

next gop debate this wednesday at 6:00 p.m. and 8:00 p.m. eastern right here on cnn. thanks to all of you for being part of my program this week. i will see you next week. hello, everyone. thanks so much for joining us. we're following several developing stories today. the governor of california has declared a state of emergency as two fires expand there. one growing to 40,000 acres in less than 24 hours. >> that is a very rapid rate of spread. very dangerous situation. it's just a reminder this is how the conditions are in california right now. and with the temperatures and low humidity, four years of a drought, conditions are very extreme. >> thousands of people have been forced from their homes and four firefighters have been injured trying to push those flames back. also today, kim davis' a