>> stay with cnn over the next few days for pope francis' historic visit to the united states. the special report "the people's pope" starts now. >> the following is a cnn special report. he is a pope like no other. pope francis is changing the vatican and challenging tradition. >> i think he really opened up a new chapter in the history of the church. from the slums of buenos aires to the seat of st. peter. we retrace his extraordinary journey with those who know him best. >> are you ready? are you ready?

>> pope francis -- rock star, performer, the people's pope. vatican city, a world unto itself, headquarters of the catholic church and home base for its leader, the pope. after the doet of pope john paul, there was a replacement. >> he was seen as a possible future papal candidate. there was clearly a group of cardinals, not just in latin america who were looking to him. >> over the last 2,000 years,

more than 260 men have occupied the more, and countless more have coveted the power of the papacy. but as for jorge gregorio, he desperately did not want it. so when joseph ratzinger was elected pope, friends say no one was more relieved cardinal who ray bergoglio. he was free to go home. >> this is the buenos aires, the capital of argentina.

home for soccer, the tango. this is the place that would shape the man who would become pope francis. the bergoglio family lived here. the flores neighborhood which looked very different then. >> jorge bergoglio is a lower middle class kid in buenos aires. >> austen ivereigh is author of "the great reformer: francis and the making of a radical pope" and interviewed dozens of pope francis' friends and associates. >> if you had to describe the neighborhood of flores in the 1930s, the roads aren't paved at that stage. they're mostly dust. the roads turn to mud when it rains. these are simple houses. usually one-story.

>> he was the typical family of migrants from italy. >> journalist elisabetha pique has known the pope more than a decade and wrote a book about him called "pope francis: life and revolution." >> he had a very normal childhood. he would go and play with friends in the street. he would play football. >> people were very struck by his concern for others. i think that was there from the very, very beginning. >> translator: in 1950, i started at the school that was called the food industry. i studied chemistry dedicated to food industry and that's where we met. >> oscar crespo has been close friends with pope francis since they met in school 65 years ago. >> translator: we were good friends. and the truth was that he was one of the students that stood out most in class. >> very smart, but not arrogant. he was very willing to share and to help. >> translator: one of his characteristics, a characteristic of his entire life was humility.

>> of course, bergoglio's humility did not rule out occasional mischief. >> translator: we had in the first, second, and third year a spanish language professor whom we admired very much. >> right. you loved him. you loved the one teacher but then he left. >> translator: but he retired. and they named him as place of teacher who was very rigid. >> so rigid that the two friends wrote a note on the blackboard demanding the return of their former professor. and when the new professor walked in, she saw that and didn't like it very much and she called the head master. he gave us a stern warning. this is the only stern warning bergoglio had in his whole career. >> by all accounts, he was a

pretty typical teenager. >> being a teenager, he would go and dance, tango, and he would participate through parties. >> he danced well? >> translator: yes. he danced well. and he liked it. he would go dancing every saturday at the parties that the club hosted. >> and at one dance club he worked part time as a doorman. >> these are very respectable kinds of dancers but just because there was any trouble, they had somebody stand outside. he did that job for a while. he was a kind of a bouncer. >> and like so many teenage boys, he developed a crush on a girl. >> translator: he didn't like to let his feelings for the opposite sex arise, but when he was 16 or 17 years old, he met a young lady and he told me that she made his head spin. because of the way she was. she was very intelligent, very well-educated. when we come back, a secret. >> translator: he said, i'm going to tell you something that i haven't told anyone else.

>> and the woman who wanted to keep the future pope from even entering the priesthood. >> i think it came as a big shock to her. ♪ nothing artificial. just real roasted turkey. carved thick. that's the right way to make a good turkey sandwich.

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the air in buenos aires was heavy with anticipation on september 21st, 1951, and 16-year-old jorge bergoglio had big plans. >> translator: he was going to a picnic with friends. >> listen to the moment that changed everything. the pope's nephew, jose bergoglio. >> translator: among that group of friends there was a girl he had a crush on and he was going to declare his love to her. >> and he was passing by this -- this church of his neighborhood, and he felt the need to go to this church. >> more than just a need.

in a radio interview in 2012, then-cardinal bergoglio expressed wonder at the force that drew him inside. [ speaking foreign language ] >> translator: and he never went to the picnic. he never declared his love to that girl. that day he declared his love to god. >> his parents expected him to become a doctor, but young bergoglio saw another path to healing was one he confided to his friend, oscar crespo. >> translator: he said, "i'm going to tell you something i haven't told anyone else. i've decided to dedicate myself to the priesthood." >> his mother stumbled on to his secret while she was cleaning. >> translator: she found books in latin, theology, philosophy, the bible. then she grabbed my uncle and said, jorge, listen to me, how to you expect to get into medical school? "this is not medicine." my uncle replied, "yes, mom,

this is medicine for the soul." >> medicine for the soul. >> translator: he was 18 years old and he came up with that answer. >> she argued against it and said, "no, wait, you're too young." and things got quite bad in the bergoglio household. it got quite tense for some months apparently, but jorge went off to seminary, at the age of 20. >> first his parents then a second obstacle to his calling, his health. >> he had a terrible pneumonia, cysts on his lung which were removed in an operation which resulted in horrific pain. he was kept alive with oxygen tanks. >> though that surgery would become a major issue many years later, then the young bergoglio recovered and soon made a big decision to switch to a jesuit seminary.

>> the jesuits are the great reformers, the great radicals, the great missionaries of the catholic church. they began in the 16th century. you know, precisely with a radical mission to reform the church and to be among the people. >> reformer. radical. a priest among the people. all would define the man bergoglio became. december 1969 he was ordained and led all the jesuits in argentina, quite young for the job but a mandate to reform. >> the jesuits ignored other older jesuits and they chose him. many said to me, you know, we look to him as a kind of -- he was the storm pilot. you know, he was the one who needed to take the tiller in the storm and it's interesting how this has been a consistent theme actually throughout his life, that when the church is in crisis, they look to him. >> his first turn at leadership was as he admitted in a magazine interview troubled. "my style of government as a jesuit at the beginning had many faults.

i was only 36 years old. that was crazy. i had to deal with difficult situations and i made my decisions abruptly and by myself. it was my authoritarian way of making decisions that created problems." six years later he took on a different leadership role as head of the jesuit college. at the college, he lived in this small simple apartment looking now much like it did back then. >> translator: he is a quiet and simple man. a sign of a great leader is to be a good listener, and he is one of the greatest in that respect. >> father angel rossi was at the college with bergoglio. >> translator: bergolio breaks all the rules. he's a deeply spiritual person who lets himself be guided by the heart.

of the soul, isn't he? >> bergoglio taught by example, spending as much time in the community as the classroom. >> translator: this was in the 1980s, 35 years ago. he was the wise man in a poor village. a working class neighborhood. >> daniel lopez was a very young boy living in that neighborhood. life was hard, but bergoglio made the kids feel important. that their lives could matter. >> translator: here at colegio maximo, they gave us children's day. they would give us hot chocolate, they would give us toys. the toy was a nice gift you could take home because sometimes mom and dad couldn't buy anything for us.

>> even more important than toys, lopez says bergoglio taught them how to be good people. >> translator: he was, as you'd say, a superhero. he energized you. he also challenged you. he gave you discipline. he helped me to become a good man. >> daniel became the first in his family to attend college. earning a degree in business administration. coming up, the period in the life of pope francis you rarely hear about. >> now clearly the new regime and the jesuits wanted him out of the way. >> exiled. >> he was told not to have contact with the other jesuits, so he was effectively silenced. mark and alissa anderson recently signed a 30-year mortgage on this home. they must be confident about the future. are you? buy in. quickenloans/home buy. refi. power. this bale of hay cannot be controlled. when a wildfire raged through elkhorn ranch, the sudden loss of pasture became a serious problem for a family business. faced with horses that needed feeding and a texas drought that sent hay prices soaring,

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jorge bergoglio was a star as a young priest, picked to lead all of argentina's jesuits then went on to head this college in buenos aires where he was known for his faith and touch. >> yet he continued to have a power over the jesuits in the province which was very unusual. now, a number of the other older jesuits resented that. >> priests are not immune to jealousy and petty politics. bergoglio was about to feel the bite. >> the new regime and the jesuits wanted him out of the way.

>> far out of the way. they exiled bergoglio, sending him to cordoba, 400 miles from buenos aires. >> translator: he went to cordoba to go through a period of reflection, of silence. >> father angel rossi who has known pope francis for 40 years used to visit with him in cordoba. >> translator: he said, "i never considered it an injustice. these were the circumstances." it was painful and he did not have it easy. >> this journalist and javier interviewed pope francis about his time in cordoba. >> translator: a lot of people talking about it as being an exile, that they took him out of buenos aires and sent him to cordoba with no activity, no role, not even a mass schedule. he lost all authority. >> translator: the pope, himself, told us that in cordoba, he spent time in the shadows. a dark time.

>> this was his room. >> translator: he studied. he prayed a lot. he wrote a lot. >> i read quite a lot of what he wrote in that period and it's clearly a dark time for him, a wintertime. a time of paring back. >> a process that would put bergoglio on a very different path. here he prayed before sunrise. meditated. and listened to confessions. >> translator: when we asked pope francis what he read during that time, he said, "i don't know why, but during that time i read the history of the popes." and we asked if that helped him today and he said, "yes. yes, it helped me a lot." >> bergoglio's exile in cordoba

lead to his realization that humility should drive his service and that would become his signature trait. >> translator: it was only two years of his life, but i don't have the slightest doubt that it helped him to become an even more humbled person. simpler, more dedicated. >> and ready for his next challenge. >> cordoba came to an end because the man who became the archbishop of buenos aires basically said to the vatican, look, i need this guy as my assistant bishop. >> so after nearly two years in exile, jorge bergoglio returns here to buenos aires but he is a changed man and now comes his second chance at leadership. >> so when he became bishop after cordoba, you immediately see in his leadership style that it's much less executive. it's all about walking with people, giving time to people.

>> gone was the hard-charging style of days past. in its place, a profound humility that he never lost. >> in 1998 when he became archbishop of buenos aires he decided not to go and live in the residence of the archbishop, but he decided to live in a small and very simple room. he had the right to have the car with a chauffeur. he said, "no, thank you." >> instead parishioners could find the prominent head of argentina's catholic church sitting on a subway platform or sitting next to them on the bus. even when he was made a cardinal in 2001, bergoglio remained unassuming. >> when he started to move and become bishop, archbishop, cardinal, did your friend change or is he the same jorge? >> translator: jorge is the

exact same person today that he was at 13. >> really? >> translator: exactly the same. >> with exactly the same stinging sense of humor. bergoglio's nephew, jose. >> translator: it is customary to give a light slap on the cheek to each child taking confirmation. he'd been giving a light slap to everyone. when it came to my turn, he gave me a tremendous slap that made my head turn. >> how would you describe him as a man? is he funny? >> yes, he has a special humor. >> how is he special? >> acidic. >> acidic humor?

>> can he take it or give it only? >> he takes and he gives. >> you might not expect this man to be one of the pope's closest friends, but he is. >> in america we have an expression that's slang where we say "a brother from another mother." >> yeah, that's true. that's true. >> is that you and francisco? >> yes. we are are brothers. >> they appeared together on a serious of archdiocese tv shows. as you got to know him, interfaith dialogue became very important. that has some critics in the catholic church. why is it so important to him to be that way? >> because the dialogue's the key in order to reach peace. peace in the world.

peace in the church. >> you think you rubbed off on him a little bit, you influenced him, how he thinks now? >> undoubtedly, and he influence of me. i learned a lot from him. >> one of the big lessons from him to you, do you think? >> what it means to be humble. next -- death threats and danger in the slums of buenos aires. did the threats stop after that? did things calm down?

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april 2005. the catholic church was in trouble. empty pews and coffers. the shame of sexual abuse by priests. and how that abuse was ignored by church leaders. making matters worse -- >> a statement now from the vatican. pope john paul ii has died. >> the most popular pope in

modern history, gone. >> all the cardinals go into the sistine chapel and start what is the most important moment of their careers as cardinals. >> that moment, to elect a new pope, but this time something was different. >> remember the secret affairs, you're not supposed to know who got what, but a cardinal who had taken part in that 2005 conclave later that year published a diary which gave a very detailed account of the voting and the numbers. >> some say it was no accident the diary came out. to show there was someone other than cardinal ratzinger getting support. cardinal jorge bergoglio. >> he was deeply alarmed by this and over lunch on the second day of the conclave said to the other cardinals, no, do not vote for me, please vote for joseph ratzinger. >> but why? journalist elisabetha pique

knows bergoglio well enough that he baptized both of her kids. >> i think i would respond with something he said to little girl from jesuit school and she asked, did you want to be pope? he said, you have to be crazy, you have to be totally crazy to want to be a pope. >> perhaps cardinal bergoglio didn't want the pomp and the politics or didn't feel ready for the papacy. perhaps he simply felt his place was here. leading the priests of buenos aires in the work that mattered most to him, ministering to those in need. >> he wanted his priests to be in the hospitals, in the old people's homes, in the shantytowns, in the places of

suffering. >> like this, one of the worst slums in buenos aires. many 2009 he sent father carrara to these slums and he's been here ever since. >> bergoglio asked you to come to the slum. what did you think? >> translator: more than 40,000 people live here. so the responsibility of a bigger congregation, i accepted it with joy. >> cardinal bergoglio came here often to be with the people and to support the local priests. when one priest received death threats from drug lords, the future pope stepped in literally. >> translator: he went there to walk through the slums. to talk to the residents. and also, of course, to visit the priests there. so that the people would see that the archbishop supported his priest. >> did it make a difference? did the threats stop after that? did things calm down? >> translator: yes, after that, there were a few things but it

calmed down. things calmed down. >> in december 2011, cardinal bergoglio turned 75. that's the vatican's mandatory retirement age, so he submitted his resignation and waited for his replacement. >> translator: and i'm not giving away any secret when i tell you, i asked him, "where will you live?" he said, "well, i'll go live my retirement at the flores house where the bishops live." >> no one knew this would be a defining moment in the history of the catholic church. a year passed as he waited for his chance to retire. the vatican chose no replacement. a delay that would bake all the difference. >> for the first time in 600 years, a pope is retiring. pope benedict xvi. >> stunning news.

>> this is something that none of us -- >> incredible. >> -- none of us have heard before. a pope announces he is resigning. >> this simply isn't done. it's been almost 600 years since a pope resigned. no one saw this coming. certainly in this country. >> benedict xvi resigned. a move unprecedented in the modern papacy. the scene was now set for the radical change that would come. >> in 2013, all the talk was of vatican dysfunction. how can we put our house in order, how can we sort out the money, how can we have better governance in the church? >> now cardinals who had favored bergoglio's election in 2005 got

another chance. was he the reformer the church needed? did bergoglio even want the job? and was he strong enough to lead the church? >> so they sent some people to ask him questions. someone asked him the question, how is your health? how do you feel with your lungs? >> because with the pneumonia he had and the surgery. everybody was talking about -- >> yeah, yeah. when we come back, the humble priest emerges as holy father. >> cardinal bergoglio important to note we believe finished second to pope benedict in the last conclave. he could be the great uniter. he is someone everybody respects. can a business have a mind?

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you're looking at live picture outside st. peter's square. >> march 2013. st. peter's square. >> the crowd is pretty sizable. they've actually just shut off another street. >> tens of thousands waited and wondered who would be the next leader of the catholic church. >> we can officially say at cnn this is black smoke. >> inside the conclave, votes for jorge bergoglio just as there had been in 2005. >> and the last conclave he was saying no, no, no, no, no, not me. >> not me. >> ratzinger, ratzinger's your guy. so he changed. >> he changed. he understood that if he is elected, he must accept because the situation is a very dangerous situation. >> they need to get this right. it's been the biggest decision this church has made in modern history.

>> once, twice. >> we have black smoke. that means no pope. >> four times, black smoke. then on the fifth vote -- >> seems a little lighter than last time. >> the white smoke that signaled a new pope. >> papa. >> the curtains are open. the crossbearer is coming out. and there he is. >> jorge mario bergoglio became pope francis. >> there he is, our new pope. the catholics' new pope. pope francis. the first pope francis the catholics have ever had. the first pope from south

america they've ever had. >> cheers from catholics around the world. especially back home in argentina where close friends like oscar crespo were overwhelmed. when you saw the smoke and you heard jorge mario and he walked out onto the balcony, what happened in your head, what happened in your heart? >> translator: when the cardinal came out and announced, "we have a pope," then he started with his weird language -- [ speaking foreign language ]

>> translator: -- it was something that i can't describe. it was an emotion. my friend, the pope. the tears started to fall. it was impossible to stop it. >> when he became pope, when did you hear from me? >> called me up by phone, hello, yeah, bergoglio speaking. >> that's what he said? >> he said, "the people caught me and don't leave me to go back to buenos aires, but what can i do? i was elected pope." >> his first decision as pope choosing the name francis of assisi, a priest who advocated for the poor. the message was clear. a change was coming. >> the new pope, francis, the poor one. he embraced the cheers but also the challenge, he would now have to do in the vatican what he did so well here in argentina as a

leader but also as a reformer. >> he is not afraid, you know, of breaking the traditions of the vatican. he's not afraid to explore new ways. >> the first pope ever to take the name francis then became the first to live in the vatican city guesthouse rather than the apostolic palace. he explained in an interview, "i chose to live in santa marta in room 201 because when i took possession of the papal apartment inside myself i distinctly heard a no." >> the big difference between the santa marta and the apostolic palace is simply this. he sees people, he's among people. he can't be isolated. he wanted to be accessible. >> just weeks after becoming pope on the thursday before easter, holy thursday, there was yet another first.

>> he did something he had always done as archbishop of buenos aires which is go to a place of pain as he calls it. in this case it was a prison. and he washed the feet of prisoners there including a woman prisoner who was also a muslim. and this was something that no pope had ever done before. it was a very, very powerful gesture. >> and it made a powerful statement to the world. this pope is like no other. redefining the catholic church through his unique style and surprising actions. >> he's very aware that when he embraces some guy who's just, you know, physically wrecked, that that guy obviously feels the embrace and the love of god, but he's also aware that there

are all these television cameras. he's very aware of the power of these gestures. he knows he's teaching when he does this, and he's touching people's hearts. >> pope francis wants a church that harkins back to his jesuit roots, one that cares for those most in need. in his mission statement, pope francis said, "i prefer a church which is bruised, hurting, and dirty because it has been out on the streets rather than a church which is unhealthy from being confined and from clinging to its own security." >> there's a steely core there, there's a determination. there's a focus in him which really is quite astonishing. i keep saying to people, he's not a lovable teddy bear, he's a tough guy with a vision. once he's decided what god's will is, bam, he's like a

bulldozer and nothing will stop him. when we come back, controversy, division. >> i think there's a lot of resistance. >> and the pope's surprising tone on sexuality. >> he has opened up a civil war within the church.

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misswill turn anan asphalt parking lot into a new neighborhood for san franciscans. a vote for "yes" on "d" is definitely a vote for more parks and open space. a vote on proposition "d" is a vote for jobs. campos: no one is being displaced. it's 40% affordable units near the waterfront for regular people. this is just a win-win for our city. i'm behind it 100%. voting yes on "d" is so helpful to so many families in our city.

>> they are attracted to a rock star who doesn't act like a rock star, who often sounds less like a pope and more like a parish priest. popular with the people, and

empowered to reform the vatican, including its finances. and removing some of the old guard. >> a pope that is doing a big cleanup. we know that we have a lot of scandals and a lot of very obscure maneuvering in the church, and he is cleaning up. >> cleaning up and speaking out. rebranding the church. but is the pope changing the rules? not really. but he is changing what to focus on and how. addressing homosexuality. [ speaking foreign language ]. >> family planning. [ speaking foreign language ]. 6 blal 6

>> even expressing compassion for women who have had abortions. quote, i have decided notwithstanding anything to the contrary to concede to all priests for the jubilee year the discretion to absolve of the sin of abortion. those who have procured it and who with contrite heart seek forgiveness for it. who knows what's next. >> do you think that your friend bergoglio would have liked to have had a family, if he could have? >> ah! of course. of course. it's not an easy life, his life. he devoted all his life for a cause, for the church. >> does he think it has to be that way, or that's just the way it is? >> in our book, we analyze the theme of celibacy. and he said, this is not an unchangeable dogma.

could be that in the future celibacy will change. >> you heard right. celibacy could change. and if it's no longer required of priests, it will be the biggest change in centuries. this all sounds great to some but not others. >> there is a lot of grumbling about this pope. so i think there is a lot of resistance. a lot of people dislike his style of governance because it brings uncertainty. it's unpredictable. >> it's not just uncertainty that rattles some catholics. it's also the fear that the church could lose its meaning. >> when the church is seen as essentially throwing up its hands and surrendering to modernity on some front.

[ cheers and applause ] >> what happens is first there is a tremendous burst of excitement. >> ross is a conservative catholic and an op ed columnist for the "new york times." >> once the burst of excitement passes the church has basically removed one reason why people actually believe in it and go to church. >> orthodoxy as meaning that the rules are absolute and without them catholics lose identity, purpose. ross believes the pope could have a very successful pontificate. >> at the same time he has opened up a civil war within the church that had gone underground a bit in the last two popes. civil wars in christianity are actually a big deal in historical terms. >> what's the civil war? >> between people who think that

ultimately the church will have to evolve with the sexual revolution and people who think that the church has a message around issues of sexuality that goes back to the new testament and cannot be changed without changing christianity itself. >> a battle that is playing out in the crucible of american catholicism, just as the leader of that church comes to visit. >> is he excited to go to america? >> yes. he feels this as a great challenge. this is the impression that i have. >> challenge why? >> he will have the opportunity to give to this leading country

and all its inhabitants, a special message. >> but when he becomes the first pope to address congress, it's almost certain not everyone will like his message. especially some politically conservative catholics. >> they think that he is, you know, talking too much about climate change, that he's too critical of capitalism, that he is too harsh about a system that has, after all, lifted lots of people out of poverty and so on. ♪ >> a church that hid from controversy is now led by a pope who courts it. >> pope francis isn't changing church teaching. he's expressing it in ways that are fresh and vigorous and emphasizing things which perhaps hadn't been heard before. >> change in the form of a man, a man of principle and purpose, shaped by where he is from, focused on where he is going. and trying to convince a church and a world to accept his

prayers. ♪ >> a rousing welcome, pope francis lands in america for an historic visit amid some of the tyingest security ever seen. and backing down -- a brash young executive reverses course on the price of a prescription medication after a national outcry. i want to welcome our viewers here in the u.s. and those of you tuned in around the world. thanks for joining me. i'm errol barnett. this is "cnn news room."

our top story this hour, pope francis is in the united states for a sixth day historic visit. the people's pope landed outside of washington on tuesday, and this is the pontiff's first trip ever to the u.s. he was welcomed by hundreds of cheering fans. take a look. some called this a humble choice of transportation for the leader of the world's catholics. francis is the fourth pope to visit the u.s. he'll stop in washington, new york and philadelphia. >> it was one of the biggest symbolic moments of the obama presidency. when the president and first family, plus the nation's first catholic vice president and dr. joed bien all together greeting pope francis, it made for an

unprecedented welcome to the u.s. >> it is a big deal. since it is the pope's first time in the united states, what a better way to welcome him than to greet him as soon as he touches the ground here in the united states. >> day two of the pope's visit will be a sight to behold. for starter, 15,000 visitors are expected to cram on to the white house south lawn to witness the pope's official arrival. after the president greets the pope, the two leaders will speak to the world, then hold a one-on-one meeting with only traps lay tors in the room. all before pope francis addresses congress thursday with biden in attendance. even though the president and the pope are allies on issues ranging from climate change to income inequality to cuba, even the iran nuclear deal, the white house refuses to reveal what the two men will discuss. >> the president will not arrive at that meeting with a political agenda. >> perhaps that's because this pope can be full of surprises. after last the last meeting, we asked if any hot button social issues were raised.

>> did he ask you about the contraception mandate or your efforts to advance gays and lesbians. >> he brought up immigration reform. >> he was mindful of so many immigrants who are wonderful people, working hard, making contributions. many of their children are u.s. citizens and yet they still live in the shadows. >> right now, these leaders may have more business to tackle in the president's final months in office. >> the work is never done, but with two men of this caliber who share ideals and who share values about human decency, respect for human differences, i really, really positive visit. >> besides the thorny issues they may tackle from abortion to the syrian migrant crisis, there

will be plenty of ceremony in their encounters. the president will present the pope with a gift, but again no word yet from the white house as to what that might be. jim acosta, cnn, the white house. >> the pope's u.s. visit presents an extraordinary security challenge. how do you protect the man who likes to mingle with the masses. cnn's bryant todd has the answers. >> reporter: unplanned moments like this one two years ago are trademark pope francis, telling his drivers not to avoid crowds. at one point after a wrong turn, his silver fiat hatch back is a swell of well wishers, a nightmare for those who protect him. >> it has to be nerve wracking. >> you use your body a lot. you get in between and you use your body to protect the pope.

>> reporter: pope john paul ii whom he guarded in the '80s was a lot like pope francis. security around john paul tightened after a gunman tried to assassinate him in 1981, shooting him at least twice. secret service and police officials say they've done their homework on this hope's patterns and observed how the swiss guards have protected him. >> we watch very closely all of his appearances around the world, how he interacts with the crowds. >> widmer and former secret service agents tell us there will be layers of security in the crowds, agents blending in, watching for strange body language and facial gestures. >> the pope mobile, they say, is armor, although much of it is open air, leaving him exposed. does the pope wear a bullet proof vest? >> a high-level protectee would not wear armor or any type of ballistic vest in an interior site, but they would most likely wear it an an outside venue.

>> we asked widmer as a guard, can you tell a pope who likes to go offscript to hold back? >> no, you don't. you try to work with the pope and see what he wants to do. and then adapt and provide the best security there is. it's not the security that leads the pope. it's the pope that leads the security. the security needs to be optimized. the security can be optimized around his activities. >> so you i don't ever tell the pope, sir, you can not go do that. >> no. you have to protect the pope, you have to protect others nearby from assailant and you have to protect the assailant from himself. brian todd, cnn, washington. >> there's another high profile visit to the u.s. taking place this week. china's president confronted a

broad range of issues on tuesday, that have strained relations between the two countries. in a speech to leaders, they said china's stock market recovered from its recent crash. we also pledged to work with washington to battle cybercrime and emphasized the importance of china/u.s.elations. >> cooperation is the only right choice to bring about benefits. but it requires mutual accommodations of each other's interests and concerns and the great common ground of interest. if china and the u.s. cooperate well, they can become a bedrock of stability. should they enter into conflict or confrontation, it would lead to a disaster for countries and the world at large. >> now china's president has a busy schedule ahead on wednesday. he'll take part in a business round table, visit the boeing factory near seattle and meet with executives on the microsoft campus. thursday, mr. xi heads to washington where he'll have a

working dinner with president obama. he'll meet with congressional leaders the following day and friday evening. mr. xi attends a white house state dinner. let's go to andrew stevens from hong kong to talk about all of this. welcome to you both. christy, this let's start with you. president xi made a pledge to work with the u.s. on cybercrimes. that's giving people hope that maybe a framework agreement could come out of this visit which would be very encouraging. >> yeah, a very encouraging sign. the issue of cybersecurity, a major glitch in the u.s. china relationship. it was only a couple of months ago when the massive data breach took place. break into the accounts of some 22 million americans. absolutely devastating in massive scale.

u.s. officials behind the scenes have said china they believe is behind the attack. china denied that. china also has been accused of massive and widespread corporate cyberthefts, stealing everything from business plans to marketing plans to corporate blueprints. again, china calls these accusations groundless and baseless and says that it, too, is a victim of cyberthefts. but today, a defining moment in seal. when we heard that speech from the chinese's president who said that china wants to safeguard cybersecurity and plans to act against corporate cybertheft. let's listen to what the chinese president had to say. >> china is also a victim of a hacking. the chinese goth will not in whatever the form engage in commercial thefts. we encourage or support such attempts by anyone. both commercial cyberthefts and the hacking against the

government networks are crimes that must be punished in accordance with the law or relevant in the national treaties. >> xi jiaping also said that china is prepared to introduce a joint level dialogue with on the issue of cybersecurity. and meanwhile, the white house is taking a pretty tough line on the issue. we heard from a statement on the record briefing from the white house earlier today, saying that sanction against chinese cyberthieves remain on the table. and also the white house down playing any sort of break through on the issue of cybersecurity. back to you, errol. >> that gives you the sense that potentially possibly something may still come out of it. let's bring in andrew stevens. president xi made a pledge to stabilize the chinese economy without weakening its currency, as many have feared and claimed. but since he said that, there's been bad economic news out of the country.

>> you remember when it came out, it sparked a big selloff around the world really on the state of the chinese economy. we're also seeing another selloff across asia at the moment because of these weak, continuing weak numbers. but one of mr. xi's key messages really in his american trip is to try to restore confidence, soothe ruffled feathers about the state of china's economy. and show that china is still in control. cybersecurity is grabbing the headlines but he was very, very clear on three key issues, i think. one was economic reforms. he stays yes, the economy is slowing. but economic reforms will carry on. as he says, the bow has already been -- the arrow has already been loose from the bow and it cannot be recalled. that's what he said the reform process is doing at the moment.

he did mention the stock market crash over the summer. and he said interestingly that he thought the recovery was now under way in the shanghai market, which in the same breath he's talking about market reforms. now he's sort of -- he's making calls on where the market may go. i thought that was quite interest interesting. but the third point is on the currency. that's also caused a huge amount of concern worldwide. there was a devaluation of the chinese yuan after the authorities led it to be more focused on market forces. the yuan is nowle falling. he's saying it's at a fair value, about 3% lore than it was. that's also key. whether it stays that way remains to be seen. he's talking about market forces reforms, whether china will let the market forces decide on where the yuan goes or where the stock markets go from now will be interesting. it will be deeds not words which he'll be judged by. >> a fair value, of course,

itself is a matter of opinion. >>. >> the chinese prison culture practice. a little bit of background addressing his war on corruption and saying the chinese social media, the reaction to his speech haseen this. a number of chinese people, they're surprised at just how natural and unstilted that you are leader was. this is the chinese president. usually they're given to a certain style of oratory. and yet, during this speech we listened to in seattle, they're walking through very significant issues, the cyber, the slowdown

of the economy, military build-up, et cetera, but relating to the audience, he made reference to the movie "sleepless in seattle." that's why many chinese people are familiar with seattle. and also made reference to earnest hemingway being a famous author. this is reaction we got. got up early this morning, chtud into xi's seattle speech. so brilliant, so touching. that just gives you a septs of delight that was expressed by chinese citizens as they, too, were listening in on the speech. >> thank very much.

you can find coverage of the u.s. visit and all the issues that will be discussed at our website. surely you know the address by now. cnn.com. now, donald trump on the hot seat. the republican presidential front-runner faces questions of the comments made about president obama's faith and whether he thinks mr. obama is a u.s. citizen. what do you think he said? at&t and directv are now one.

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donald trump is facing more questions over why he didn't correct a man in a rally who called u.s. president barack obama muslim. the interview on "60 minutes" the republican presidential candidate pointed to the 2001 atoongs the world trade center. here's a piece of that interview. >> we were with you in new hampshire when that man stood up and said, we have a problem in this country and it's muslims. you let that pass. and i wonder what that tells us

about you. >> he said that, but then he wept on to say other things. >> the bigotry part. >> look, he said mostly about obama. i don't have to defend president obama. he's not going to defend me. so whether you agree with the man or don't agree -- and there were people in that audience, as you probably noticed, that didn't agree with him. >> it was a testing moment for a man running for president. >> i don't think so. >> you never know when they're coming. but here you had a big got. >> you don't know that. you don't know that. look, he said -- >> there's a problem in this country and it's muslims? >> let me ask you this. there's a problem in this country and it's muslims. i love the muslims opinion i have many, many friends, people living in this country that are muslims. phenomenal people. but like everyone else, you have people where there are problems. now, we can say there's no problems with the muslims, there's no terrorism, there's no anything. they didn't knock down the world trade center.

when they knocked down the world trade center, they didn't fly back to sweden. >> that conversation was pretty lively. the presidential front-runner was one of the most prominent proponents of the birther theory. he repeatedly challenged barack obama to release his birth certificate. colbert had trump about that. >> this is the last time you ever have to address this question if you hit the ball. sauce all over my hands, meatballs so big. barack obama, born in the united states. was he? it's a meatball! it's hanging out there! right there, come on! [ applause ] >> i don't talk about it anymore. i talk about jobs. i talk about veterans.

>> that meatball is now being dragged down the steps of the subway by a rat. >> the vets are treated like third class citizens and worse than illegals. the vets in this country are so mistreated terribly. i'm talking about the military building up. those are the things i'm talking about. i'm not talking about that. >> and that's what we call a pivot, ladies and gentlemen. now, trump has also been vocal about his opposition to immigrants in the u.s. he said he plans to build a wall at the border. listen. >> soo we have to have a wall. we have to have a border. and in that wall we're going to have a beautiful, big fat door where people can come into the country. now listen to this. >> a door? okay. >> a beautiful door where people can come into the country, but the to come in legally.

we have so much drugs with the cartels, just like it's nothing. it's pouring through, chicago, new york, los angeles. we're going to stop it. >> there's another republican candidate changing his tone on muslims in the white house. on tuesday, ben carson said he would expect a president to put the u.s. constitution over his or her faith. now that in and of itself is a big change from sunday when the retired neurosurgeon said he didn't think muslims should be in the white house at all. >> i don't care what a person's religious believes are, or what their religious heritage is. if they embrace american culture, if they embrace our constitution and are willing to

place that above their religious belief, i have no problem with them. >> i would not advocate that we put a muslim in charge of this nation. i absolutely would not agree with that. >> bruce haynes is a republican consultant and he joins us now from his web cam in washington to talk all about this. bruce, very much for your time. both donald trump and ben carson are talking about the top and third place for republican candidates respectively. as we've just seen there, they spent the week defending remarks that critics have called islamic phobic. no matter what their excuses have been, this is a problem for men hoping to win over most americans. how damaging has this been in your view? >> it's damaging when you're try to talk about the things you want to talk about. you saw in that exchange on the colbert program, trump bridging,

pivoting, as you said, to wanting to talk about jobs and veterans. but the problem with not answering the question and saying i don't want to talk about it, you're condemning to talk about it forever more. the question is going to begin occur over and over again. you know, a one-word answer would solve that problem for him. yes, the president is an american. and then he could move on to talk about jobs or to talk about veterans, the things that he really wants to be speaking to the american people about. it's an unforced error in politics that kind of comes from not being a veteran campaigner. we should mention the same is true on the democratic sign. if hillary clinton had discussed her e-mail situation, it would not have dragged on. do you think the attempts of candidates to appeal to one aspect of the republican base -- they're all jockeying to be the nominee at the moment -- appealing to those who are

fearful for muslims for whatever reason, could that cost them the support of the millions of americans who are in the middle? the group that ultimately every election cycle decides who should occupy the white house. is that tradeoff worth it? >> it's not worth it. again, the key is -- it's not so much whether you're angling to try to get this part of the electorate or that part of the electora electorate. you're losing control of your campaign and your message. you know, republicans should want to talk about flat wages and how the cost of living in this country is growing and wages aren't keeping up with it. they should want to talk about the problems in the middle east that make things less secure for americans. instead, they're caught up on this silliness in questions that should be simple to answer. and this is why you see a lot of republicans beginning to turn to candidates in carly fiorina and marco rubio who don't seem to have problems dealing with these kinds of questions. you see trump and carson beginning to fall in the polls, because these are the things

that americans wa s don't want talk about. they want to talk about jobs and national security. >> i wonder how relevant these polls really are then. once the caucuses begin early next year, republicans will start to win know down the field. donald trump tonight on stephen colbe colbert, still being humorous, but playing the straight guy to the comedian. do you think to move beyond this, we'll need to see more of that for trump, or might his numbers fall when it gets closer to when it's important early next year? >> i think you really caught something important there, errol. and trump's demeanor tonight, he's moving from a candidate, from someone who's trying to become a candidate, to someone who's trying to grow a campaign. he's more than happy to play the straight man tonight and show a serious side of trump. colbert still got his laughs. i think they boat got what they wanted from that exchange tonight.

>> we've seen two experienced governors drop out of the race, scott walker, rick perry. who's your favorite in the field right now? you're a republican strategist. who's the most appealing to you. >> you know, i think a lot of republicans look at a candidate like barack obama. and they find a lot to like. marco rubio is young, full of energy, really sharp as you saw on the debate on foreign policy. he's got a strong record and he [ no audio ] >> i want to jump in here. we're just losing a bit of your audio. but certainly, this is giving us some insight into what need to happen on the republican side. hillary clinton is taking a long-awaited position on the controversial oil pipeline. speaking in iowa on tuesday, clinton said she opposes the

keystone xl pipeline, taking sides with progressives for environmental reasons. she said she waited until now to announce her position because she didn't want to interfere with the review by the u.s. state department. s. >> i think it's imperative that we look at the keystone pipeline as a distraction from the important work we have to do on climate change. and unfortunately from my perspective, up with that interspheres with ore about to move forward to deal with all the other issues. therefore, i oppose it. >> clinton's democratic rivals have long been opposed to keystone and have criticized her for taking so long to announce her position. now migrants and refugees are flocking to europe, but many are being met with combat troops and assault rifles. we're going to take you to the croatian/ungarian border.

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>> president obama and his family greeted him when he arrived on tuesday. mr. obama will officially welcome the pope in a white house ceremony later today. he'll then parade through washington in his pope mobile. the chinese president address e hundreds of business leaders on the first day of his week-long u.s. visit. he talked about a number of issue ins colluding the chinese economy, cooperation with the

u.s. on cybercrimes, and improvement on human rights. the drug company that drastically hiked the price of a treatment for aids and n cancer patients is now switching gears. they had raised the price from $13.50 to $750 a pill. that caused outrage, but now the company's ceo says the company has been lowered to a, quote, more affordable price. he did not say what the price would be. we'll have much more on that story coming up. >> eu leetders will gather today to finalize a proposed quota system to tackle the humanitarian crisis in central europe. they voted tuesday to approve the plan to resettle more than 100,000 refugees and migrants. however, hungary, romania, slovakia and t czech republic all voted against those quotas. eu officials say this proposal paves the way for other important actions. >> the decision we took today is not going to solve the refugee crisis.

but without the decision, i think we would not have been in a possibility to now take the next steps to make sure that we do better at protecting our external borders that we do better at registering people immediately when they arrive. that we do better at making sure that people have a right asylum stay but those who don't have right to asylum return swiftly to where they come from. >> the number of migrants crossing the sea into europe continues to climb. the international organization of migration says more than 481,000 have crossed this year alone. that is just a fraction of the number who entered the country headed for austria. but many have to pass through hungary first. ben wedeman reports from the

hungarian/croatian border. >> reporter: the fences are going up in what was not long ago a borderless euro. fast becoming fortress europe. on the hungarian/croatian border, hungarian kol bat troops with assault rifles watch as refugees and migrants file across the border. an architecture student from baghdad university twice kidnapped, europe is everything iraq isn't. why did he leave his homeland? why he responds? here there's no suffering. you have rights and everything is provided for. in iraq, we don't just have terrorism, says mohammed from baghdad, who hopes to go to finland. the economy is bad. young people have no opportunities, no jobs.

you don't know if you have a future in iraq. everyone with little children is frisked. bags searched. they will most likely be put on a train and sent straight to the austrian border. hungary is allowing them to transit the country but isn't welcoming them to stay. hungary continues to take a hard line in this crisis. granting, for example, the right to use nonthree that will force against refugees and migrants if necessary. nonetheless, the gates to hungary remain open, and the mie grants and refugees continue to pass through. and while officials grapple with with the crisis, thousands more are on the way. alla doesn't to show his face me's been in turkey for the last two years.

no one is left in turkey, he tells me. everyone's left. everyone who's trying to have a better life is leaving. leaving towards a deeply divided europe so many believe is their salvation. >> let's discuss this in a bit more detail now. the migrants and refugees flooding into europe. i'm joined by a spokesman for the international organization for migration. thank you for your time today. some half a million migrants have entered into europe this year. it is an unprecedented crisis. do you think the current quota plan being developed is adequate? >> it's definitely a big improvement that we now have

agreement that came with some pushing and jofr ruling minority. but at least we have agreement now. and the heads of government would be meeting today. >> do we really have an agreement? can this plan possibly work with romania? the czech republic, slovakia and hungary all voting against it you had one prime minister even saying that he will not respect the agreement. >> at the end of the day, the european union is a union. there are very important kind of legal channels. the rhetoric of politics comes and goes. but at the end of the day, this agreement that has come -- at the end of the day, it's an agreement with 28 countries, even if several dis-septembered. there is a qualified regard process and that's it. they have to take it if they want to be part of the union, this is the deal. >> but the rhetoric does

represent something from each of these nations, and that's popular support back home. i mean, the czech republic even might take this issue to the european court of justice. >> if i could just rephrase what you said. what we're seeing is populism, rather than popular opinion. we're seeing politicians stoke up opinions, and there's a lack of maturity here. these are new members of the european union. they were born out of world war ii, and have spent considerable efforts toning down the rhetoric that brought such bloody conflict twice in the last century. so these are members of the european union. at the end of the day, the union is there for a very good reason. it comes in fits and starts. this is quite an impressive -- this is quite an impressive result. what we have to see is how does it impact the rest of the world?

how does it impact -- what can the union do to help countries where there are really huge issues. >> i just want to let the viewers know at the right of your screen, you are looking at live pictures coming to us from the croatian serbian border. many of these scenes play out all over the continent. many migrants crowded there. it's good to hear, leonard, that you're encouraged by this agreement and you think it may actually create some momentum. i'm wondering if this might encourage your peen nations to take a more aggressive stance in middle eastern and north african crises. after all, this migration won't end until the conflict all these people are running from does. >> i think you're exactly right. they can't put their head in the

stands ostrich style and realize it's somebody else's problem. ned to come together as a union. i think it's a big move it.'s going to be difficult, of course. now they have to see how they actually register the migrants coming through. at the moment they're just flooding through unregistered in many cases. international organization works really closely with the european union. >> leonard, it's good to hear you're looking what you're hearing at this point. the spokesman for the international organization for migration. thanks for your insight today from new york. and from our viewers, the coverage of this doesn't end on television. you can help if you feel compelled by heading to our impact your world web page. there you'll find information on charities as resources and many different ways you can get involved in you wish. all of that is at cnn.com/impact. now a pharmaceutical ceo is

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a u.s. drug company caused outrage by raising the cost of a treatment for aids and cancer patients is now rolling back the price. previously the treatment was less than $14 before touring raised it to $750 a pill. we have more on the ceo behind all the changes. >> he's brash, a multimillionaire and taking a lot of heat of that decision to raise the price of a drug to treat cancer in aids patients more than 5,000%. now touring pharmaceuticals ceo and founder martin is rolling

back the price. >> we will make a profit, but a very small one. >> it drug used to cost $123.50 per pill. touring changed the cost to a whopping $750 per pill. democratic if thetial candidate hillary clinton blasted that decision this afternoon. >> that's price gouging. >> the infectious diseases society of america and the hiv medicine association sent a joint letter to shkreli kaudsing the increase unjustifiable for the medically vulnerable patient population. in a previous interview, shkreli called the increase an altrui altruistic move that would have helped fund research. >> with these new profits, we can spend all of that upside on these patients who sorely need a new drug in my opinion. >> the 32-year-old, not new to controversy, in 2013, while serving as ceo of the

biopharmaceutical company retrofin he allegedly harassed an employee, writing in a letter shone in this court document, i hope to see you and your four children homeless and will do whatever i can to assure this. last month, retrofin sued him for $65 million saying shkreli used his control over retrofin to enrich himself. shkreli caused the allegations baseless. he quoted wu tang klan "i amendment not the one to [ bleep ] with. the citizens for responsen'ts and ethics in washington has been critical of shkreli for years. >> i'm not surprised by it. and he's somebody who seems to be will be to play fast and loose with the rules, take advantage of the system and is really driven by his own profit over everything else. >> so while the controversial ceo made it very clear he has

heard the public outcry, what he did not make clear is how much he would end up reducing the cost. and he also did not say when the public would see the reduction in cost. >> you heard u.s. presidential candidate hillary clinton blasted the rate hike. both she and fellow democrat bernie sanders plan to make drug prices a major issue during their white house campaigns. now to a bit of a bizarre story we're following. kosovo prime minister was hit with eggs during an address to parliament on live television. opposition lawmakers were upset over a deal that gives a small serbian minority more rights over municipal spending and education. you see the egg fly there. the speech was halted and bodyguards rushed to shield the prime minister with an umbrella. >> now pope francis surely won't need an umbrella on his first ever visit to the u.s. coming up next, we'll hear from the people who know him best and

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>> pope francis visits the white house on his first day in the united states. he ease scheduled to ride through washington on his famous pope mobile. he's a leader of the world's 1 billion catholics. here's a look at his life from the people who know him best. >> a lower middle class kid in a lower middle class area of buenos aires of mostly italian immigrants. that's where he grew up. >> he was a typical childhood. he would go and play with friends in the street. he would play football. >> he was a pretty ordinary kid. he was a lanky teenager. his childhood friends remember him really as always having his head in a book. >> he was special but also normal because he would go also

then being a teenager, he would go and dance, he would bipartisan through parties. >> translator: i've known this man since i was 13 years old. we've known each other for 65 years through every stage of our lives. >> and people were very struck by his concern for others. i think that was there from the very, very beginning. >> just before his 17th birthday, when he had this experience in the confessional, something he says made him go in and he said confession to a priest he didn't know and he always said what went on in that confession left him convinced that he would be a priest. >> translator: he said, i'm going to tell you something that i haven't told anyone else. i've decided to dedicate myself to the priesthood. >> and i think it was through that experience we see the beginnings of the very tender and loving man that i think he subsequently became as a bishop and now as pope.

>> translator: his passion for the poor is real. and i believe if he could, there would not be a single poor person in the world. >> he stress ed in a very specil way dialogue is the way to peace. wi he tries to build that reality of no so many divisions. >> actually, the way he's living now as pope isn't so different from how he used to live as cardinal, especially at buenos aires. >> devoted all his life for a cause of the church. >> he's not playing a role. he's himself and he's authentic.

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pope francis is in the united states, and we will have a look at what's in store for this history visit. plus the chinese president defends his country's response to its volatile stock market, and later the cost of one prescription drug skyrocketed from $13 to $750. how public pressure is forcing the price back down. welcome to our viewers here in the united states, and of course, all around the world. thanks for joining us. this is cnn news room. our top story this hour, pope francis, the leader of the world's more than 1 billion catholics is in the united states for a six-day visit. it's his first time visiting the u.s. he's in washington right now where he will meet with president obama in just a few hours at the white house. the pope's visit comes after his

trip to cuba and the island nation is expected to be among the topics the leaders will discuss. cnn's jim acosta has more on the pope's busy agenda. >> reporter: it was one of the biggest symbolic moments of the obama presidency. they were all together greeting the pope. >> it is a big deal. i think it's because since it is the pope's first time in the united states, what better way to welcome him than to greet him as soon as he touches the ground here in the united states. >> reporter: day two will be a sight to behold. 15,000 visitors are expected to witness the pope's official arrival. after the president greets the pope, they will speak to the world and hold a one on one meeting with only translators in the room, all before pope francis addresses congress with biden in aden answer the.

even though the pope and the president are allies, the white house refuses to reveal with the two men will discuss. >> the president will not arrive at that meeting with a political agen agenda. >> reporter: perhaps that's because this pope can be full of surprises. after the last meeting did he register any issues with you about the contraception mandate or your efforts to advance the rights of gays in the united states? >> mr. obama responded he brought up immigration reform. >> i think he was mindful of the plight of so many immigrants who are wonderful people working hard, making contributions, many of their children are u.s. citizens, and, yet, they still live in the shadows. >> reporter: right now a senior advisory told cnn, they may have

more work to do. >> with two men of this caliber who share ideals and who share values about human decency, respect for human differences, i think that it's going to be a really positive visit. >> reporter: besides the thorny issues they may tackle from abortion to the syrian migrant crisis, there will be plenty of ceremony. the president will present the pope with a gift, but no word as to what it might be. jim acosta, cnn, the white house. >> donald trump appeared on the late show to touch on a few hot topics. s colbert questioned him about immigration, the iran nuclear deal, and u.s. citizenship. trump repeatedly challenged mr. barack obama to release his

birth certificate when he ran in 2008. >> i'm going to throw you a meat ball. this is the last time you ever have to address this question if you hit the ball. there's -- like, sauce all over my hand this meat ball is so big. barack obama, born in the united states. go. >> let me just say -- >> it's a meat ball. >> i know. >> it's hanging out there, right there. come on. >> and do you want to know, i don't talk about it anymore. >> you don't talk about it? >> i talk about jobs. i talk about our veterans being horribly treated. >> that meat ball is now being dragged down to a subway by a rat. you missed it. you missed the meat ball. >> i talk about jobs and the vets who are treated like third class citizens. they're treated worse than the illegals. the vets in this country are so mistreated. i'm talking about the military

building. that's what i'm talking about. >> let's talk about immigration for a second. i know that you believe that illegal immigrants should all be deported. true? >> we have a country and borders. we have no border. we don't have a country. we are going to build a wall. number two -- >> okay. >> listen to this, even with your crowd, i hear that. >> they love that. people love the wall. >> we have to have a wall and a border, and in that wall, we're going to have a beautiful, big fat door where people can, they come into the country and they -- listen to this, a beautiful door where people can come into the country, but they have to come in legally. that's what a country is about. >> you said that mexico will pay for this. >> that's correct. >> i know art of the deal and all that, how do you get the mexicans to do it? you're you. i'm the president of mexico. you call me up. okay.

>> number one, sure. >> are you ready? we are going to build a wall. you're going to pay for the wall. we have been abused for a long time at the border. >> quite the exchange there. well, earlier, my colleague spoke with republican consultant b bruce haines. he says he thinks trump would be better off answering the question about where the president was born. >> it's damaging when you're trying to run a campaign and you're trying to talk about the things that you really want to talk about, the message that you wanted to deliver to the american people. you saw in that exchange on the colbert program, trump pivoting, as you said, to wanting to talk about jobs and veterans, but the problem with not answering the question and saying i don't want to talk about it, you're condemning yourself to talk about it forever more because the question is going to begin to occur over and over again.

you know, a one-word answer, would solve that problem for him. yes. the president is an american, and then he could move onto talk about jobs or to talk about veterans, the things that he really wanted to be speaking to the american people about. it's an unforced error in politics that kind of comes from not being a veteran campaigner. >> and another candidate surging in the polls seems to be wavering on whether a u.s. president's faith should matter. ben carson has publicly changed his tone in just a matter of days. joe johns explains. >> i don't care with a person's religious believes are or what their religious heritage is. >> reporter: tonight ben carson shifting his position on whether a muslim should serve as president. >> if they embrace american values, and they place our constitution at the top level, above their religious believes, i have no problem with them. >> so it's a nationalist position? >> i said that.

it's on the record. on nbc. that's exactly what i said. that's exactly what i meant. >> reporter: but that isn't exactly what he told nbc on sunday when asked if a president's faith should matter. >> if it fits within the realm of america and consistent with the constitution, no problem. >> so do you believe that islam is consistent with the constitution? >> no, i do not. i would not advocate that we put a muslim in charge of this nation. i absolutely would not agree with that. >> reporter: carson saying he's been consistent from the start. >> did you change your position on a muslim in the white house? >> no. not at all. >> reporter: you're being consistent? >> absolutely. >> reporter: now many republican contenders are weighing in saying religion would not exclude anyone from serving as president. >> i don't think that religion should be a criteria for being president. >> i personally do not believe

that your religious believes should exclude you from serving in office. >> many agree with carson, trump says. >> the proper people properly vetted going through an election, i think that anybody that is able to win an election will be absolutely fine. >> reporter: carly fiorina offering her view on the tonight show. >> i actually believe that people of faith make better leaders. i think faith gives us humility and optimism. i think that's important. >> reporter: ben carson addressed about 4,000 people here at cedarville university in ohio, talking to people who turned out to see him. many of the supporters say the controversy hasn't registered on their radar. joe johns, cnn, cedarville, ohio. china's president will have a round table discussion and trade is expected to come up.

the president launched his week-long u.s. visit with business leaders in seattle on tuesday. he talked about a number of issues, including cyber crime and human rights. he defended his government a response to beijing's stock market crash. >> translator: stock market prices flux wait. it's the government's job to reassure and adjust fair market order and prevent massive panic from happening. this time, chinese government took steps to stabilize the market and contain panic in a stock market and thus, avoided a systemic risk. >> now, shortly after the speech, china's factory sector gived an unwelcome price. the pmi measures manufacturing

activity. it fell to a six-year low in september, raising fears of a sharper slow down. you've been looking at these numbers here. you can see australia's markets have just closed at just over 2% loss there. i've been watching hong kong. it lost nearly -- it was getting very close to the 3% loss mark. 2.81% at this point. and shanghai down nearly 1.7%. the nikkie was closed for a holiday. and we are in hong kong, we'll get there in a moment. let's begin with our asia pacific editor. andrew, asian markets showing some pretty heavy losses today, and this after we heard china ease president defending his government's handling of the stock market crash, and on top

of that, we mentioned the fall in manufacturing activi, the timing couldn't be worse for him, could it? what's the likely impact of all of this? >> a little unfortunate. i don't think there's going to be an immediate impact from china policy makers to this manufacturing number. it is clear that china's economy is slowing down. this was, no doubt, a disappointing number. it was worse than expected. you have to put that against the fact that china is transiting to a nonmanufacturing-led economy, and it was always going to be seen as a slowing part of the economy. having said that, it will spook markets around the world. what the president was trying to do was to inject a note of confidence in the fact that beijing knows what they're doing when it comes to managing the economy. that quote we heard him talk about saying they had to take these measures on the stock market to prevent mass panic, he

went onto say that any mature government and stock market would have done the same thing. but he was very confident and very sure of his ground, certainly selling the message that the economic reform measures that are seen as important for globally for a chinese economy to open up, will continue, despite this rockiness in the economy. that the devaluation of the currency, the yuan, was one of those reforms, and the fact that he now thinks it's fairly valued after a fall of around 3%, and again saying china is not interested in a currency war, a race to the bottom to make the exports che exports cheaper. he's saying the right things. it's about confidence for him and expressing confidence more broadly. whether the markets will buy this, really remains to be seen. it's more in deeds than in

words. what does china do on the reform front next. does it take any other actions on the stock market? the chinese president saying the stock market is now in a recovery mode. if it's not, what will the government do? his question was to say stay calm, we're in control. >> we'll keep a close eye on the markets to see. they speak volumes. andrew stevens reporting live from hong kong. the white house has said cyber spying will be a key part of discussions between the united states president and the chinese president. the chinese president says he's willing to work with the u.s. in battling cyber crimes. >> translator: china is a victim of a hacking. the chinese government will not, in whatever form, engage in commercial thefts or encourage

or support such attempts by anyone. both commercial cyber attacks and a hacking against the government networks are crimes that must be punished in accordance with the law or relevant in the national treaties. >> let's bring in cnn anchor, christy, live in hong kong. not only is china's president ready to work with the u.s. on cyber security, but he's also insisting that china is a victim of hacking as well. how's that likely to play out in the united states? and what does it all mean for u.s., china, cyber security going forward? >> in that clip from that speech that he gave in seattle, it was a defining moment. we heard the chinese president pledging he'll take firm action against commercial cyber theft. he also called for the establishment or that china was willing to join high level joint

discussions on the issue of cyber security. on the background of this, there have been reports that the u.s. and china have been involved in secret negotiations in order to protect each other's critical infrastructure so that wouldn't be falling victim to cyber war fair. that being said, the white house is taking a firmer line on the issue of cyber security. we heard at an on the record press discussion that took place before the president gave the place saying sanctions against chinese cyber thieves are still on the table, and the white house also down played any sort of breakthrough or deal that would be reached later this week as a result of the chinese president's visit to the united states. despite the encouraging words from the chinese president, we heard that earlier comments from the white house. don't expect a breakthrough on cyber this week while he's in the u.s. >> interesting, and i know you'll be watching it closely, the twists and turns of this

very significant visit for the chinese people and, of course, for the united states. many thanks to you, christy. >> leaders in the euro zone are set to finalize a plan. that story just ahead on cnn news room. don't go anywhere. woman: it's been a journey to get where i am. and i didn't get here alone. there were people who listened along the way. people who gave me options. kept me on track. and through it all, my retirement never got left behind. so today, i'm prepared for anything we may want tomorrow to be. every someday needs a plan.

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. >> you are back with us now as we take a look at the humanitarian crisis in europe. they are settling more than 1000,000 asylum seekers. hungary, slo vok ya and the czech republic voted against it. >> the european union ministers, when they arrived were under a lot of pressure to get an agreement. there were differences over whether or not countries would accept having a quota system, accept having refugees imposed upon them, and when it came down to the vote, they still didn't have that agreement. this was a majority vote, not a unanimous vote. the president of the european

union counsel said, essentially, that for europe's credibility, the european credibility, they had to take this vote. >> translator: we are in an emergency situation. the eu is accused of not moving quickly enough in its decision, so we had to adopt this legal decision today in the relocation of 120,000 people as the luxembourg presidency had always planned. if we had not done there, europe would have been more divided, and its credibility even more undermined. >> reporter: and what we heard is essentially them patting themselves on the back that they've been able to make this decision about the 120,000 refugees within the space of three weeks. it took them four months to make a decision recently about 40,000 refugees, but the importance to take that decision. now is this going to be enforceable against those states that voted no at the vote? we were told that no one after the vote was taken said they

wouldn't go along with it, therefore, the impression taken, according to these ministers was that everyone now goes along with this vote. but deep scars potentially formed here, because this decision is essentially taken over the heads of slovakia, romania, and hungary that voted no. so while this has been rushed through, there may be some collateral damage further down the line. cnn, brussels, belgium. as we fwloollow this story, let's bring you live pictures. this is at the serbian borders. you can see here refugees and migrants gathering there, the hope they can move on. the end game is to get themselves somehow through to austria and ultimately for many of them, they want to be in germany, but there are many obstacles in these people's

paths. we're telling you all about the eu leaders approving a plan to resettle more than 100,000 asylum seekers. we talked to you about the leaders there, not happy. they have voted against this plan, and we will continue to bring you this story. but watching there, these live pictures from the serbian border, via rueuters, showing yu people that are desperate. they are in transition at this time. many of them have left war-torn lives behind them. north korea is giving cnn an exclusive look outside its new satellite control center where the north scientists say that are looking tirelessly to fulfill the leader's plan to make the country a space super power. will riply reports from pung yang. >> reporter: we're at north

korea's brand new satellite control center. this is a facility that the government tells us no foreign media has ever been allowed to visit before. sitting at a residential neighborhood, there's little visible security for a facility said by some to be at the heart of north korea's ballistic missile program. >> translator: the satellite control center's director says his team of 300 is working nonstop to meet an ambitious goal set by kim jong-un to visited in may to make north korea a space super power. a team of mostly young researchers hand picked from top universities. >> how much pressure are you under to succeed here? >> translator: we young scientists are working full steam, day and night with no rest, especially these days. >> reporter: north korea claims tonight on the verge of what they call a national triumph, launching rockets and multiple

satellites into space, the first since this launch in 2012. they say their launch and satellite technology is improving all the time, but insist their purpose is peaceful. >> translator: our launch is no threat to the u.s., says this 21-year-old researcher. >> reporter: a claim disputed by some who say a rocket large enough to carry a satellite, could also carry a nuclear warhead. what can you say to the world to prove that this is not a ballistic missile program in disguise? >> translator: why would we have any intention of developing a nuclear bomb on anyone, including the united states, says the head of research and development. >> reporter: but just this month, they said they're fully ready to use nuclear weapon at any time, triggering a harsh warning from washington. north korea is already under severe sanctions for its nuclear

program, but the cash-strapped country continues investing in the space industry, even while the country has financial problems. >> i'd love to take you inside, the director says, but if that happens, and we hear the same old stereo types, foolish propaganda, our young scientists will be angry. our peaceful launch was not a threat to you yesterday he says. it's not a threat today or tomorrow. >> reporter: behind these closed doors, the work continues, and the scientists say they'd love to take the world inside, but only when the world stops considering them a threat. will ripley, cnn, north korea. a pharmaceutical ceo is defending himself after he drastically raised the price of a drug for aids and cancer patients. a look at both sides of the

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a warm welcome back to our viewers here in the united states and all around the world. we want to update you on the main stories we've been following this hour. pope francis is in the united states for an historic six-day visit. he arrived just outside washington tuesday. he was greeted by the u.s. president and his family. the two leaders will meet at the white house on wednesday. chinese president addressed a broad range of issues in a speech to u.s. business leaders tuesday. he said china's stock market as recovered after a period of

severe volatility, and he said he's ready to cooperate with the u.s. in battliing cyber crimes. donald trump won't say whether he believes president obama is an american citizen. he sidestepped the question on the late low with colbert. >> this is the last time you ever have to address this question if you hit the ball. big old -- there's sauce all over my hands this meat ball is so fwig. >> i want to hear this. >> barack obama, born in the united states. >> let me just -- >> was he? it's a meat ball. >> i know. >> it's hanging out there. just right there. come on. >> and do you want to know, i don't talk about it anymore. i talk about jobs. i talk about our veterans being horribly treated. i don't discuss it anymore. >> that meat ball is being dragged down the subway by a rat.

>> you might recall trump repeatically challenged the president to present his birth certificate when he ran for president in 2008. a pharmaceutical company is now switching gears. they raised the price from $13.50 to $750 a pill. it caused a lot of outrage, but now the company's ceo said the drug that be lowered to a more affordable price. we have more on the ceo behind all the changes. >> he's brash, a multimillionaire, and taking a lot of heat for that decision to raise the price of a drug to treat cancer and aids patients more than 5,000%. now the founder martin shkreli is backing down. >> we've agreed to lower the price of dar praprim that's ablo

allow the company to make a profit. >> the drug in question is used to treat an infection which can affect people with compromised immune systems. they changed the cost to a whopping $750 per pill. democratic presidential candidate, hillary clinton blasted that rate hike this afternoon. >> that's price gouging, pure and simple. >> reporter: the infection disease society of america and the hiv medicine association sent a joint letter to shkreli calling the increase unjustifiable for the medically vulnerable patient population. in a previous interview, shkreli called the increase an altruistic move that would have funded research. >> we can spend that upside on the patients who need a new drug. >> the 32-year-old, not new to controversy. in 2013 while serving as ceo as

retro fin, he allegedly harassed an employee writing them a letter. last month retrophin sued him. shkreli called the allegations baseless. then went to twitter quoting wu tang clan, saying i am not the one to [ bleep ] with. the spokesman for an organization called the citizens for responsibility and ethics in washington has been critical of shkreli for years. >> i'm not surprised by it. and he's somebody who seems to be willing to play fast and loose with the roll the and take advantage of the system and is really driven by his own profit over everything else. >> jason carroll, cnn, new york.

there are a reported 1.5 million muslims living in moscow, but there aren't enough places for them to worship. that will change today with the opening of the new moscow grand mosque, one of the biggest in europe. russia's president, vladimir putin has invited several foreign cig tears dignitaries t the opening. matthew chance is live in moscow. how is the opening of one of europe's biggest mosques being received by people across russia, and what does this mean for the image of president vladimir putin? >> reporter: good question. well, certainly it's been a difficult process getting into the site of the mosque this morning. security is tight. we're still not actually very near it. we're in this press facility that's been set up to house the journalists that are covering

this event because vladimir putin is going to be a here, the president of turkey is going to be here as well as the palestinian leader attending this opening. it's an important event, because it does show that the attempt by the kremlin to show that they're supportive of the muslim community in russia. there's something like 20 million muslims across russia. it's also a controversial event as well. many people who live in moscow are opposed to the idea of more mosques being opened. a recent opinion poll said 51% of people living in moscow were opposed to the building of more mosques. only 4 % for supportive of that. that's an interesting insight into the level of public support. in terms of how far it will go to address the problems of room for muslims to pray, it's still pretty uncertain. because there are four mosques in moscow. that's incredible.

it's the biggest muslim city in europe, effectively, and even the main muslim representative group said that 200,000 muslims are practicing. there's nowhere near enough room for them to pray even on regular prayer days. this mosque is big. it's 19,000 square meters. it will house 10,000 people. but that's just a drop in the ocean when it comes to how many people need facilities like this across moscow. >> and what's interesting here, when you talk about the lack of support from russians for the opening of a mosque of this size, it begs a question, what is the benefit for president putin? what does he see as the reason for going down this path? >> reporter: well, islam has

always been one of the big faiths in russia. it's always been the second biggest faith in russia after christian christian ort dock si, and the president needs to be seen as supportive of the official religious groups. and also russia has a problem with muslim extremism, particularly in the southern flank but also elsewhere in the country. and the government has to show, and the kremlin has to show that it is willing to accommodate the needs of moderate muslims. this is a situation you see across modern european countries. you need to bring in the moderate elements of muslim society, and cause them to ostracize the more extreme muslims. they've adopted another policy in the south where there's an islamist uprising which is cracking down hard on hard line and moderate muslims. that's bred a certain amount of

resentment, but from the kremlin, this is an attempt to readdress the balance and say we've cracked down and been tough on certain elements, but we are providing this pretty stunning mosque in the center of moscow which, again, will house more than 10,000 worshippers. >> yes. those numbers are incredible. matthew chance reporting there live from the opening. or close to the opening of that mosque, one of the biggest in europe. hope is coming for people affected by a deadly u.s. wildfire. the declaration the u.s. president has made for victims as flames rip through hundreds of acres. back in a moment. ♪ [ male announcer ] he doesn't need your help. until he does. three cylinders, 50 horsepower. go bold. go powerful. go gator.

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welcome back. u.s. president barack obama has declared a major disaster in the state of california in the wake of a devastating wildfire.

mr. obama has ordered federal aid for individuals and business owners affected by the valley fire in lake county. this means funding for temporary housing, home repairs, loans, and more. residents and business owners can start applying for help later today. now to the weather. in europe it is snow and lots of it, and, of course, that's in the higher elevations, but it's early in the game. >> it is. in a couple of hours, rosemary, it was last winter we were talking about the lack of snow ski resorts were shutting down across europe because nothing was coming down. the ski industry in europe is far more popular than soccer or football. we're talking about a big deal for a lot of people. we'll show you what's happening here and some of the images coming out of france last december showing you the barren nature. you can see the ground kind of peeking through the little snow.

some of the ski resorts couldn't make snow of the temperatures. it just wasn't going on as far as the temperatures even at higher elevations. here comes the front. another one back behind it. the cool air in place. some snowy showers popping up across portions of alps and working into the swiss alps. decent snowfall so far this morning. and bringing down 90 to over 120 centimeters. we're talking 39 to ha inch -- 45 inches. of course, on the opposite end of the spectrum, we have the severe drought in place, and nasa showing fascinating imagery. this was taken from a couple of inches beneath the surface, about.8 inches beneath the surface. you can see the lack of moisture

across the western u.s. working toward the central portion of california, active fires in place, and the ground level moisture and water storage, nonexistent as well. the moisture in the way of rainfall have been there for the monsoo monsoons, but the water taking time to replenish. the valley fire across northern california, about 80% contained. the top three for the most destructive fires in california. the other story globally is that autumn officially begins today. that's for the northern hemisphere. in the southern hemisphere, spring arrives, and some of the images across wales. a gorgeous shot. an image i took myself on saturday across the higher elevations of north carolina, you get up about 5,000 feet up,

and the colors are peeking through. >> nice. and while you were talking, i had a friend sending me messages saying can you organize rain in california? >> that's been the most popular question so far this year. we're hoping for a very impressive ill neen owe seasel . we're hoping for that. >> everyone is. many thanks. i didn't get a chance to introduce you, pedram. many thanks. >> volkswagen, the german auto maker says as many as 11 million autos worldwide have software to trick emissions tests. >> translator: manipulation at vw must never happen again.

ladies and gentlemen, many millions of people across the world trust our brands, our clients and our technologies. i am sorry that we betrayed the trust. i apologize to our clients to the authorities and the entire public for the wrong doing. >> the company is already setting aside billions of dollars to cover potential penalties. a huge disruption druring a parliamentary meeting after the prime minister is egged in kosovo by lawmakers. the video after the break. stay with us. when you're not confident your company's data is secure, the possibility of a breach can quickly become the only thing you think about. that's where at&t can help. at at&t we monitor our network traffic so we can see things others can't. mitigating risks across your business. leaving you free to focus on what matters most.

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requires the next wave of security. we're ready. are you? and this just in to cnn. professional baseball legend yogi berra has died. they confirmed the news just moments ago. in fact, reports say berra who was 90, had been in failing health for some time. he was a catcher and helped lead the yankees to ten consecutive world championships. he was known for his wit and wiz come and coined the famous term, it's never over until it's over. many people describe the hustle and bustle of new york

city as a rat race, but one rodent is clearly winning or at least winning over the internet. we have the story of the pizza rat and its cult following. >> reporter: new yorkers love pizza, and they hate rats. so imagine combining the two. a video showing a rat straggling to drag an entire slice of pizza down subway stairs. faster than you can see pizza rat, the 14 -second video went viral. the slice of new york life using hash tag pizza wrap. pizza wrap. one man rapped, and another asked does pizza wrap deliver. >> amazing and ridiculous. >> reporter: that's how the guy who shot the video describes it. he and a friend stumbled on the sustain. >> a lot of people are saying

they see themselves in pizza rat. >> reporter: the new yorker wrote a piece from the rat's point of view. i did what any self-respecting new yorker would do. i grabbed that pizza like i paid for it and i kept walking. shouldering burdens, twice your size. >> you do the best with what you're given. >> reporter: even crappy pizza. >> even crap can pi pizza. >> reporter: in this city, how you handle your pizza matters. it also matters how you handle your fear of rats. wake up, buddy. there have been videos before of rats carrying pizza slices -- >> it want goiain't going to fir hole. >> reporter: but none have struck a nerve.

new york's hottest halloween costume has now arrived. now if your subway train doesn't arrive, if this isn't service, i don't know what is. cnn, new york. >> how about that? and thanks for watching cnn news room. i'm rosemary church, errol barnett will be joining me for the next hour. stick around for that. hey mcmellin' you gellin'?

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x1 will change the way you experience tv. call and switch to x1 from xfinity today. listen to that rousing welcome pope francis lands in america for an historic visit amid some of the tightest security ever seen. china's president beginning his first visit with a pledge to cooperate on cyber crime. and backing down, a brash young executive reverses course on the price of a prescription medication after a national outcry. hello, and a big welcome to our viewers in the u.s. and those of you tuned in from around the world. this is cnn news room.

>> we begin this hour in washington. pope francis is in the united states for an historic six-day visit. the pope landed outside the capital on tuesday. >> it is his first trip of the united states. he was welcomed by hundreds of cheering fans. pope francis was driven away from the tarmac in an italian made fiat. some are calling it a humble choice of transportation. >> he's the fourth pope to visit the u.s. >> and he will spend time in washington, new york, and philadelphia. jim acosta previews his busy agenda. >> translator: it was one of the biggest moments of the obama

administration, with the obamas greeting pope francis. it made for an unprecedented welcome to the u.s. >> it's a big deal. i think it's because since it's the first time in the united states, what better way to welcome him than as soon as he touches the ground in the united states. >> reporter: day two will be a sight to behold. 15,000 visitors are expected to cram onto the white house south lawn to witness the pope's official arrival. the leaders will speak to the world and hold a one on one meeting with only translators in the room before he addresses congress on thursday with biden in attendance. even though the president and the pope are allies on issues ranging from climate change and cuba, even the iran nuclear deal, the white house refuses to reveal what the two men will discuss. this pope can be full of

surprises. after their last meeting we asked the president whether any hot button social issues were raised. >> did he register any objections about the affordable care act -- >> the president responded the pope unexpectedly brought up immigration reform. >> i think he was very mindful of the plight of so many immigrants who are wonderful people, working hard, making contributions, many of their children are u.s. citizens, and, yet, they still live in the shadows. >> reporter: right now senior advisory says they may have more work to do. >> the work is never done, but with two men who share ideals and share values about human decency, respect for human differences, i think it's going to be a positive visit.

>> reporter: besides the thorny issues, the president may tackle, there will be plenty of ceremony. as is customary, the president will present the pope with a gift, but no word from the white house as to what that might be. jim acosta, cnn, the white house. the pope's u.s. visit presents an extraordinary security challenge. how do you protect the man who likes to mingle with the masses? >> cnn brian has that part of the story from washington. >> reporter: unplanned moments like this one two years ago are trade park pope francis, telling his drivers not to avoid crowds. at one point after a wrong turn, his silver hatch back becomes caught in a swell of well wishers. >> you use your body a lot. you get inbetween and use your body to protect the pope.

>> this man was a member of the elite swiss guards, the men who have protected the holy father more more than five centuries. he has lived the fear those around pope francis are feeling today. he says pope john paul ii was a lot like pope francis, often wanted to make unplanned visits into large crowds. a gunman tried to assassinate pope john ii. police officials say they've done their homework and observed how the swiss guards have protected hip. >> we've watched his appearances around the world. >> reporter: a former secret service agents say there will be layers of agents blending in. the pope mobile, they say is armored, although much of it is open air. does the pope wear a bullet proof vest?

>> he would not wear armor or any type of ballistic vest in an interior site, but most likely at an outside venue. >> reporter: can you tell a pope who likes to go off script to hold back? >> you don't. you try to work with the pope and see what he wants to do, and then adapt and provide the best security that there is. the security is not what leads the security. the pope leads the security. the pope is doing his ministry, and that needs to be optimize. that's what a pope is about. the security can be optimized around his activities. >> reporter: you don't say you don't do that? >> no. >> reporter: what's the most dangerous threat? it's usually someone wanting to act out a notion in their mind. he says the real challenge is to be measured. you have to protect the pope and others nearby from the assailant and protect the assailant from himself.

brian todd, cnn, washington. >> now to the latest in the u.s. presidential race. donald trump is facing more questions over why he didn't correct a man at a rally who called president obama a muslim. >> in an interview on 60 minute, he pointed to the 2001 attacks on the world trade center. here's a piece of that interview with scott pelley of cbs. >> we were with you in new hampshire when that man stood up and said, we have a problem in this country, and it's muslims. you let that pass. and i wonder what that tells us about you. >> well, he said much more than that. that was a part of the statement. he then went onto say other things. >> but the bigotry part. >> look, he said mostly about obama. that whole question is about -- i don't have to defend president obama. he's not going to defend me. so whether you agree with the man or don't agree, and there are people in that audience, as you probably noticed that did agree with him. >> it was a testing moment for a man running for president.

you never know when they're coming but here you had a bigot that you could have slapped down. >> you don't know that. he asked a question. >> a problem in this country and it's muslims? >> you said there's a problem in this country and it's muslims, all right? i love the muslims. i have people living in this building, friends, muslims. they're phenomenal people, but like everything else, you have people where there are problems. we can say there's no problems or terrorism or crime, no anything. they didn't knock down the world trade center. to the best of my knowledge, the people that knocked down the world trade center, they didn't fly back to sweden. >> trump also just appeared on the late show with stephen colbert where he was welcomed with cheers and clapping and reportedly a standing ovation from some. >> ladies and gentlemen, donald trump. [ cheers ]

>> okay, so the conversation was pretty lively, but donald trump wouldn't say whether he believes u.s. president obama is a u.s. citizen. take a listen. >> this is the last time you ever have to address this question if you hit the ball. there's sauce all over my hands, this meat ball is so big. >> i want to hear this one. >> barack obama, born in the united states. go. >> let me just -- >> was he? it's a meat ball. it's hanging out there. >> i know. >> right there. come on. >> and do you know to know, i don't talk about it anymore? >> you don't talk about it? >> i talk about jobs. i talk about our veterans being horribly treated. >> the meat ball is now being dragged down the subway by a rat. you missed the meet ball y. you missed it. >> i talk about jobs. i'm talking about the vets who were treated like third class citizens, worse than the

illegals. the vets in this country are so mistreated, terribly. i'm talking about the military building up. those are the things i'm talking about. i'm not talking about that. >> trump has also been vocal about his opposition toward undocumented immigrants in the united states during that program, he said he plans to build big wall on the border. >> we have to have a wall. we have to have a border, and in that wall, we're going to have a beautiful, big, fat door where people can come into the country. >> a beautiful, big fat door. >> a beautiful door where people can come into the country, but they have to come in legally. we can have a great and beautiful wall. it will be up and stop. we'll have our border, and guess what? nobody comes in unless they have their papers, and they come in legally. and we stop crime and we stop problems, and we stop drug trade which is massive. we have so much drug trade, the cartels are pouring through like it's nothing.

pouring through chicago, new york, los angeles. the money goes out, the drugs come in. we're going to stop it. >> there you go. one of trump's rivals, republican candidate, ben carson is changing his stance on muslims in the white house. on tuesday, carson said he would expect a president to put the u.s. constitution over his or her faith. >> now, that is a big change from sunday when the retired neurosurgeon said he didn't think muslims should be in the white house. >> i don't care what a person's religious believes are or what their religious heritage is. if they embrace american culture, if they embrace our constitution and are willing to place that above their religious believes, i have no problem with them. i would not advocate that we put a muslim in charge of this nation. i absolutely would not agree with that. >> now, earlier i spoke with

republican consultant, bruce haines. he says inexperienced politicians like carson and trump have a lot to learn about running a campaign, and actually answering controversial questions. >> it's damaging when you're trying to run a campaign and you're trying to talk about the things that you really want to talk about, the message that you want to deliver to the american people. you saw in that exchange on the colbert program, trump pivoting, as you said, to wanting to talk about jobs and veterans but the problem with not answering the question and saying i don't want to talk about it, you're cond n condemning yourself to talk about it forever more. because the question is going to begin to occur over and over again. you know, a one-word answer, errol, would solve that problem for him. yes, the president is an american. and then he could move onto talk about jobs or to talk about veterans. the things that he really wants to be speaking to the american people about. it's an unforced error in politics that kind of comes from

not being a veteran campaigner. and this is why you see a lot of republicans beginning to turn to candidates like carly fiorina and marco rubio who don't seem to have a problem dealing with these kinds of questions, and you see trump and carson beginning to fall in the polls because these are the things that americans want to talk about. they want to talk about jobs and national security. >> i'm wondering how accurate and relevant these polls are then. once the caucuses begin early next year, republicans will start to whittling down the field. trump tonight playing the straight guy. do you think to move beyond this, we'll need to see more of this, or might his numbers fall when it gets closer to when it's important early next year? >> well, they're already beginning to slide a little bit, and i think you really caught something important there, errol, in trump's demeanor

tonight. he's moving from a candidate who is trying to become a candidate, to someone who is trying to grow a campaign. he was more than happy to show a serious side of trump and not be the guy that blows off and sounds angry. colbert got his laughs. i think they both got what they wanted from that exchange. >> that was bruce haines speaking with me earlier. baseball legend, owe can i berra has died. it was confirmed a short time ago. he was 90 years old. >> berra was a catcher who helped lead the new york yankees who 10 world series championships. we have more on berra's remarkable life. >> he said you can observe a lot by just watching. >> it ain't over until it's over. >> it's deja vu all over again. >> reporter: berra may be more

famous for his turn of a flaz than his baseball career. born lawrence peter berra, he was given the nickname by a friend who thought he looked like a make charmer in a movie y. but his personality made him a favorite of sports writers and fans. >> yogi has been an inspiration to me. not only because of his baseball skills but, of course, for the enduring mark he left on the english language. some of the press corp. here even think he might be any speech writer. >> i don't. i really don't know i say them. it just comes out. >> his phrases made him one of the most quoted americans from mark twain. >> he once said when you come to a new york in the road, take it. >> advertisers also took notice of his appeal. >> and they give you cash, which

is just as good as money. >> part comedian, part competitor. the three-time mvp was one of the greatest catchers in baseball history. he a appeared in 21 world series as a player, coach or manager. in 199 8, the berra museum opened. >> who ever thought i would have a museum. just like me getting voted into the hall of fame. i never thought that would happen either, but i made it. maybe it was pure luck. i don't know. >> reporter: luck or not, berra wouldn't change a thing. >> it was fun. i'd go it again. >> now, china's president says he's ready to fight cyber crime. we'll bring you more on what he told top business leaders in the u.s. after this break. >> plus a pharmaceutical executive is defending himself

against public backlash after he drastically raised the price of a drug for aids and cancer patients. that story after this short break. does your makeup remover every kiss-proof,ff? cry-proof, stay-proof look? neutrogena® makeup remover does. it erases 99% of your most stubborn makeup with one towelette. need any more proof than that? neutrogena. ♪ it's the final countdown! ♪ ♪ the final countdown! if you're the band europe, you love a final countdown. it's what you do. if you want to save fifteen percent or more on car insurance, you switch to geico. it's what you do.

welcome back. chinese president is set to meet with the ceos of some of america's largest companies later today. he has already addressed hundreds of business leaders in a wide-ranging speech in seattle. >> you talk about beijing's economy, human rights and trade. and he made a pledge about cyber security. >> reporter: the only tangible piece of diplomacy that will come out of the trip, many believe is some sort of cyber security framework, and on his first policy speech here, he said china is ready to work with the united states to fight hacking. >> translator: china is a staunch defender of cyber security. it is also a victim of hacking. the chinese government will not in whatever form, engage in commercial theflt or encourage or support such attempts by

anyone. >> reporter: cyber security experts say both the united states and the chinese partake in cyber espionage, but the american government alleges that the chinese take it one step further, hacking american cooperations and stealing industrial secrets. the founder of al ibaba said he was encouraged to hear the president talking about fighting hacking. he says his chinese company has faced 19 million hacks so he believes the united states, china, and the international community all have to work to fight cyber crime. samuel burk, cnn, seattle. >> for more on the chinese president's visit, we have christy lieu stout, and andrew stevens both joining us from hong kong. good to see you both again. andrew, the chinese president says he'll stabilize the chinese

economy. critics have long complained china purposefully devalues its currency. are people buying the statement? >> well, i think what's happening at the moment, the markets are focusing, errol, pretty much on a new manufacturing number coming out of china which shows the manufacturing sector continuing to shrink and shrink more rapidly than expected. no so that sparked a wave of selling around the neighborhood. it will follow through to europe and even to the u.s. i think what the chinese president's message to everyone was that yes, we are stabilizing the economy. the key thing here is stabilizing it at what rate of growth. remember, they are going through a massive transition. it is going to be a slow rate of growth. it is the new normal. i think what was interesting is that they would continue with their economic reform process so

they would maintain growth in the medium to high bracket. he didn't give actual numbers. medium to high to heart rning to hear. many people think they have the wherewithal to make sure growth was continue in that medium to high bracket. the president also saying the crash over the summer months is probably now over which is interesting given the fact that they are pushing for more market reforms, yet he seems to be making predictions on the stock market. the currency market is devaluing. again, the president saying it is probably now at fair value, but we will let the market forces decide that. normally this is good news, it wants to see more market forces in play here, but china is still going to be judged, particularly after the botched operation of china stock market crash. they're going to be judged on their deeds, how they do with

the economy. that's a long-term process. >> and although we're seeing some of the markets pull back today, people will be encouraged to hear that china be l continue the economic reform process. let's get some reaction to the chinese president's speech, and we want to go to christy who is also in hong kong. so christy, what are people saying in china about their president's visit to the u.s. so far, and in reality, would anyone actually dare to say anything that wasn't positive? >> you know, the reaction has been pretty positive so far, and it is interesting, because when the chinese president gave this speech in seattle, it was really his intention was to smooth over the relationship between the u.s. and china. it was conducted to an american sa audience, but it stirred up audiences in china who proclo

proclaimed they expressed the love for the man who is the president. some commented on his natural and unstilted delivery, because this is a nation who has presidents who are known for their or tear styles. there's also comments on the number of pop culture references that were made, his reference to the movie of sleepless in seattle, and the reference to house of cards. he was referring to his war on corruption, and saying there was no al tier your motive. it wasn't a power struggle. the moment in the speech when he looked like he finally started to relax, it was when he started talking about earnest hemmingway, and he wanted to you said the passions of him, and so he want to a cuban bar where earnest emingway used to frequent, and he enjoyed a moe

he toe. one person said i got up in the morning and i tuned into the speech so brilliant and touching. he even mentioned drinking rum in a cuban pub. he also made reference to his governing catch phrase, the chinese dream q saying they want to fulfill the yearning for that better life. and that message always goes down well in china. >> and for a lot of us watching, we're not used to seeing chinese leaders be so relaxed. we'll be watching this closely. reporting live from hong kong. many thanks to you, christy. >> you are watching cnn news room. just ahead, why the company that hiked the price of an aids drug 5,000% is now backing off.

welcome back to our viewers in the u.s., and to those around the world, this is cnn news room. >> let's check the headlines for you and bring you up to date on the main stories. pope francis is in the united states for a six-day three-city visit. president obama and his family greeted him when he arrived tuesday. mr. obama will officially welcome the pope at a white house ceremony later today. pope francis will then parade through washington in his pope mobile. the chinese president addressed hundreds of piz leaders on the first day of his week-long u.s. visit. he talked about a number of

issues, including the chinese economy, and improvement on human rights. >> donald trump won't say if he believes president obama is an american citizen. he sidestepped the question when he appeared with colbert. he repeatedly challenged him to release his birth certificate when he ran back in 2008. >> underway right now in moscow, russian president, vladimir putin gets ready to open one of the largest mofbs in europe. >> that's right. this is the moscow grand mosque. it will be another place of worship for the reported 1.5 million muslims who live there. several dignitaries have been invited to attend the opening. and matthew chance is live in moscow.

matthew, talk to us about the opening of europe's or one of europe's biggest mosques there, because given the history of relations between russians and the muslim population, what has been the reaction to this? >> reporter: rosemary, the opening of any mosque in russia is controversial. of course, the opening of the biggest one, effectively, in the country, or one of the biggest, is even more so. i mean, there's been some opinion polls on the reception. across the country, it's not that bad. about 30% of the population according to one latest independent opinion poll are supportive of mosques being opened. 27% are against, but when you look at moscow itself, where there's been an influx of muslim immigrants from central asian states, the numbers go much more extreme. so something like 5 1% of people

in moscow kou are against the opening of the mosques and only 4%, according to same poll, are supportive of that. it is deeply controversial. there are accident phobic tensions because of the hundreds and thousands of immigrants who have come in and work often in menial tasks in the city, cleaning the streets, working on construction sites. it's bred a certain amount of resentment, but the kremlin is, of course, in charge of the entire country. islam has always been the second biggest faith inside russia, and the kremlin is keen to show that although it will crack down hard on islamic extreme as it is doing in the southern flarng at the moment, it is prepared to embrace the moderate muslim population and to provide religious facilities for them. i think that's the message the

kremlin wants to portray in the opening of this moscow cathedral mosque. >> certainly a powerful message, and looking at the images, it is an impressive structure. many thanks to matthew chance there awaiting the opening in moscow. a u.s. drug company that caused outrage by raising the cost of a drug for aids and cancer patients is rolling back the price. >> the treatment was less than $14 before they raised it to $750 a pill. we have more on the ceo behind the changes. >> reporter: he's brash, a multimillionaire and taking a lot of heat for that decision to raise the price of a drug to treat cancer and aids patients more than 5,000%. now the ceo and founder, martin shkreli is backing down. >> we've agreed to lower the price of daraprim to a price

that is more affordable and able to allow the company to make a profit but a very small profit, and we think the changes will be welcomed. >> reporter: the drug is question is used to treat a parasitic infection which will affect people with compromised immune systems. it used to cost under $14 a pill. they changed it to $750 a pill. hillary clinton blasted that rate hike thing. >> that's price gouging, pure and simple. >> reporter: the infection diseases society of america and the hiv medicine association sent a joint letter to shkreli calling the increase unjustifiable for the medically vulnerable patient population. in a previous interview with cbs news, shkreli called the increase of an truistic move that would have helped fund research. >> we can spend all of that up side on these patients who need a new drug. >> the 32-year-old not new to

controversy. in 2013 while serving as ceo of retrophin, he allegedly harassed an employee writing in a all right shown in this court document, i hope to see you and your four children homeless, and do whatever i can to assure this. he was sued. shkreli called the allegations baseless. then went to twitter quoting wu tang clan quoting i am not the one to [ bleep ] with. the spokesman for a group in washington has been critical of shkreli for years. >> i'm not surprised by it. and he's somebody who seems to be willing to play fast and loose with the rules, take advantage of the system, and is really driven by his own profit

over everything else. >> so while the controversial ceo made it very clear he has heard the public outcry, what he did not make clear is how much he would end up relooducing the costs, and he also did not say when the public would see the reduction in cost. >> thanks to cnn's jasen carol for that, and you heard hillary clinton blasting the rate hike. although she and bernie sanders plan to make drug prices a major issue during their white house campaigns. >> volkswagen is apologizing. we will have the details on the company's secret software in a live report from germany, next.

the iran nuclear agreement has sparked strong opposition in the united states and in iran. while some iranians believe the

deal will usher in better relations with the west, others are pushing for a continued hard line. we are joined from tehran where more on what some top clerics are saying. this is probably the only issue that conservatives in the united states and hard liners in iran actually agree on. >> reporter: yeah. certainly. it's interesting to see both the hard line exampcamps these coun opposed to the nuclear agreement and critical of it as well. you have clerics on the one hand who have been very critical, or many of them critical of this deal from the get go, but many members of the iran's military. many of them started celebrating the sacred defense week. it marks the commemoration of the beginning of the iran iraq war in 1980, but it's a celebration of the current strength of iran's military.

some are concerned about that because of the agreement. >> the shine of the city of calm is one of the most important holy sites in iran. and it's made the city the center for shiite islamic studies. now iran's powerful clergy is engulfed in a debate in how to move forward in america. >> this man is the head of islamic and culture studies at the university here. he's excited about the current diplomatic momentum. >> we like to use diplomacy. it's better than war. language of negotiations, and diplomacy is better. and even if there is a kind of fear about that, they should talk about it and remove it. >> reporter: moderates around the president are also talking about a study improvement in u.s. iranian relations. but there are harsh critics.

with the rijs schools, this is the hub for religious conservatives in iran, and many of them fear islam could lose influence if there's more cooperation with the west, especially the united states. >> reporter: the leader has accused the u.s. of trying to infiltrate iran culturally and plitly, and ordered iranians to be vigilant. they translate historic religious texts and provide scholarly commentary. the institute's head is close to the supreme leader and also has little trust for the u.s. >> translator: mr. obama keeps saying all options are on the table, but the iranians are not scared. this is not worth the paper it's

written on. the ayatollah says any improvement in relations will be a long process. if the west wants fair relations, not like a wolf and a sheep, then we can think about it, he says, but the americans have to prove themselves first. while polls show the majority of iranians favor better ties with the west, marlarge parts argue t almost 40 years of confrontation won't be wiped away by an agreement on nuclear energy. >> reporter: and all of this comes a day before he is set to travel to new york to the u.n. general assembly. it'll be interesting to see what sort of tone he strikes and whether or not there will be more of a warming in the west with iran and the united states as well. again, there is a lot of backlash here in iran also, but so far the government around him is holding firm in its stance

saying it believes that relations could improve considerably if this continues. >> all right. like every other country, within it, there's a wide range of opinions. it's not surprising. fred pleitgen live for us this morning in tehran. >> and wintry weather is on the way for europe in the higher elevations. pedram joinstous ta us to talk it. >> we had a slow ski last year. the temperatures even in the higher elevations were too warm to make snow. it is a multibillion dollar industry in europe. it is very popular there. break down exactly who occurred there last year. dry perspective across the area. you can see the ground there. minus four is what you need to

be able to put manmade snow down. here's the funnel feature. the cool temperatures filter in. winter weather radar, higher elevations picking up snow showers, and not just a little bit of snow showers but models show widespread, up to about 90 centimeters of snowfall. over 40 inches over the next two days. certainly great news for the skiers and snow boarders in an area that wasn't getting much of snow over the past couple of months. over the united states, we have to touch on what's happening here. the valley fire nearly 2,000 structures burned in this particular region, and satellites showing you the middletown, a town near the valley fire, about the size of san francisco, that is the area indicated in the red burned with this particular fire. of course, the el niño season is something people are looking forward to over at this region. again, going back to the snow

that is great news for skiers and snow boarders. >> that's right. wonderful. >> thanks, pedram. >> a huge disruption during a parking lotment ri meeting in kosovo after the prime minister was egged by lawmakers. we'll bring you this after the break. [ male announcer ] eligible for medicare?

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kosovo's prime minister was hit with eggs during an address to parliament. this took place live on television. lawmakers were upset over a deal that gives a small serbian minority more rights over municipal rights and education. the speech was halted and body guard rushed to protect the prime minister with an umbrella. >> all right york, now goth voe scandal. their stock is taking a beating after the company admitted it rigs millions of its cars to deceive emissions tests. we are live in germany, the head quarters of germany. what was the company thinking and how many levels of management were involved in this deception? >> reporter: well, this is

exactly what not only customers but employees want to know. we're here at the head quarters of volkswagen and many people are asking how much did the head quarters know about this emissions testing cheating. there have been rumors there might be an emergency board meeting today, but that does not seem to be the case. we just called volkswagen. they say they're not expecting anything today, but a lot of questions now for the ceo, martin winterkorn. >> and now the winner, the volkswagen -- wait, also taking first place, the efficient tdi clean beetle. >> reporter: volkswagen has built a reputation for solid german engineering to last a lifetime at an affordable price. but now, the vw brand is in danger of standing for something else, cheating. the u.s. environmental protection agency says volkswagen cheated emissions

testing by installing software to reduce e missions only during testing. pumping out as much as 40 times the legal limit on the road. the epa ordered some 500,000 vw cars off the road, but volkswagen concedes that the problem is even bigger than that, saying 11 million of the diesel vehicles worldwide could be affected. it set aside more than 7 billion to cover the cost of recalls. the ceo, martin winterkorn released this statement. >> translator: i am deeply sorry that we have broken this trust. i would like to make a formal apology to our customers, to the authorities and to the general public for this misconduct. please believe we will do everything necessary to reverse the damage. and we will do everything necessary to win back your trust, step by step. >> made in germany is a point of national pride. no more so than volkswagen's

hometown. perhaps unsurprisingly, few there wanted to comment on the sandal. many here are vw employee, but others spoke out. >> of course they should amend the production, and they should be fair and true to say what has happened, and i hope they can make it better in the future. >> translator: they should put in an external investigator to check it, and the ceo should resign. >> when it says made in germany, it means it's something worth to pay for. >> it has a lot of explaining to do yrks not just to customers but to the people who worked so hard to make volkswagen a trusted brand. >> this >> reporter: this is going to have a huge impact. consider this. for every vehicle in the road, one in ten is believed to be a volkswagen. that's one in five in germany.

this is bound to have repercussions. >> absolutely, and it begs the question, if volkswagen is willing to do this and take the risk, then how many car manufacturers? i'm sure people will probe that in the weeks ahead. atika reporting live from germany. thank you. >> we're wrapping up our four hours. how are you feeling? >> giddy with excitement. >> thank you for watching. we're back here tomorrow at the same time. please tune in. early start is next for those of you in the states, and for everyone else, stay tuned for another edition of cnn news room.

pope francis waking up in the united states for the very first time, meeting one on one with president obama if just hours. it's just the beginning of a historic six-day visit. the race for president intensifying this morning. donald trump and ben carson defending controversial comments about muslims. hillary clinton faces questions about her state department e-mail investigation. the loss of a legend overnight yankee's hall of fame catcher yogi ber ra