cnn's special coverage. what a night. we'll go out on the words of juanes. he's singing just like pope francis did in touching the hearts of everyone who hears it. >> from all of us in philadelphia, god bless. ♪ the following is a cnn special report. >> he is a pope like no other. >> god bless america. >> there are tens and thousands of people lining constitution avenue. >> pope francis is challenging tradition. >> i think he really opened a new chapter in the history of the church. >> from the slums of buen

buenos aires to the seat of st. peter, we retrace his extraordinary journey with those who know him best. >> are you ready? are you ready? pope francis, rock star, reformer, the people's pope. ♪ vatican city, a world unto itself, headquarters of the catholic church and home base for it is leader the pope. after the death of john paul ii in 2005, a surprising candidate emerged to replace him, cardinal

jorge be jor jorge bergoglia. >> over the last 2,000 years, more than 265 men have covered the role and coveted the power of the papacy. but as for cardinal jorge bergoglio, he desperately did not want it. so when german cardinal joseph ratzinger was elected pope, friends say no one was more relieved than cardinal jorge bergoglio. >> he avoided coming to rome as much as possible. i think what he disliked in the vatican was what he saw as a certain kind of pomposity. a certain kind of traditionalism. >> with pope benedict xvi installed in the papal apartment, bergoglio was free to

go home. this is buenos aires, the capital of argentina. a place known for steak, soccer, the tango. this is the place that would shape the man who would become pope francis. the bergoglio family lived here. the flores neighborhood which looked very different then. >> jorge bergoglio is a lower middle class kid in a lower middle class area of buenos aires. >> austen ivereigh is author of "the great reformer: francis and the making of a radical pope" and has interviewed dozens of pope francis' friends and associates. >> if you had to describe the neighborhood of flores in the 1930s, the roads aren't paved at that stage. they're mostly dust. the roads turn to mud when it rains. yeah. these are simple houses. usually one-story.

>> childhood, he was the typical family of migrants from italy. >> journalist elisabetha pique has known the pope for more than a decade and has written a book about him called "pope francis: life and revolution." >> he had a very normal childhood. he would go and play with friends in the street. he would play football. >> people were very struck by his concern for others. i think that was there from the very, very beginning. >> translator: in 1950, i started at the school that was called the food industry. i studied chemistry dedicated to food industry and that's where we met. >> oscar crespo has been close friends with pope francis since they met in school 65 years ago. >> translator: we were good friends. and the truth was that he was one of the students that stood

out most in class. >> very smart, but not arrogant. he was very willing to share and to help. >> translator: one of his characteristics, a characteristic of his entire life was humility. >> of course, bergoglio's humility did not rule out occasional mischief. >> translator: we had in the first, second, and third year a spanish language professor whom we admired very much. >> right. you loved him. you loved the one teacher but then he left. >> translator: but he retired. and they named in his place a teacher who was very rigid. >> so rigid that the two friends wrote a note on the blackboard demanding the return of their former professor. >> translator: and when the new professor walked in, she saw that and didn't like it very much and she called the headmaster. he gave us a stern warning. this is the only stern warning

bergoglio had in his whole career. >> by all accounts, he was a pretty typical teenager. >> being a teenager, he would go and dance tango, and he would participate through parties. >> he danced well? >> translator: yes. he danced well. and he liked it. he would go dancing every saturday at the parties that the club hosted. >> and at one dance club he worked part time as a doorman. >> these are very respectable kinds of dancers but just in case there was any trouble, they'd have somebody stand outside. he did that job for a while. he was a kind of a bouncer. >> and like so many teenage boys, he developed a crush on a girl. >> translator: he didn't like to let his feelings for the opposite sex arise, but when he

was 16 or 17 years old, he met a young lady and he told me that she made his head spin. because of the way she was. she was very intelligent, very well-educated. when we come back, a secret. >> translator: he said, "i'm going to tell you something that i haven't told anyone else." >> and the woman who wanted to keep the future pope from even entering the priesthood. >> i think it came as a big shock to her.

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the air in buenos aires was heavy with anticipation on september 21st, 1953, and 16-year-old jorge bergoglio had big plans. >> translator: he was going to a picnic with friends. >> listen to the moment that changed everything. the pope's nephew, jose bergoglio. >> translator: among that group of friends there was a girl he had a crush on and he was going to declare his love to her. >> and he was passing by this -- this church of his neighborhood, and he felt the need to go to this church. >> more than just a need. in a radio interview in 2012,

then-cardinal bergoglio expressed wonder at the force that drew him inside. [ speaking foreign language ] >> translator: and he never went to the picnic. he never declared his love to that girl. that day he declared his love to god. >> his parents expected him to become a doctor, but young bergoglio saw another path to healing. one he confided to his friend, oscar crespo. >> translator: he said, "i'm going to tell you something that i haven't told anyone else. i've decided to dedicate myself to the priesthood." >> his mother stumbled onto his secret while she was cleaning. >> translator: she found books in latin, theology, philosophy,

the bible. then she grabbed my uncle and said, "jorge, listen to me, how do you expect to get into medical school? this is not medicine." my uncle replied, "yes, mom, this is medicine for the soul." >> medicine for the soul. >> translator: he was 18 years old and he came up with that answer. >> she argued against it and said, "no, wait, you're too young." and things got quite bad in the bergoglio household. it got quite tense for some months apparently, but jorge went off to seminary at the age of 20. >> first his parents, and then a second obstacle to his calling, his health. >> he had a terrible pneumonia, cysts on his lung which were then removed in an operation which resulted in horrific pain. and he did nearly die. i mean, he was kept alive with oxygen tanks.

>> though that surgery would become a major issue many years later, then the young bergoglio recovered and soon made a big decision to switch to a jesuit seminary. >> the jesuits are the great reformers, the great radicals, the great missionaries of the catholic church. they began in the 16th century. you know, precisely with a radical mission to reform the church and to be among the people. >> reformer. radical. a priest among the people. all would define the man bergoglio became. december 1969 he was ordained and soon named to lead all the jesuits in argentina. quite young for the job but with a mandate for reform. >> where the jesuits ignored other older jesuits and they chose him and many of them said to me, you know, we looked to him as a kind of -- he was the storm pilot. you know, he was the one who needed to take the tiller in the

storm and it's interesting how this has been a consistent theme actually throughout his life, that when the church is in crisis, they look to him. >> his first turn at leadership was, as he admitted in a magazine interview, troubled. "my style of government as a jesuit at the beginning had many faults. i was only 36 years old. that was crazy. i had to deal with difficult situations and i made my decisions abruptly and by myself. it was my authoritarian way of making decisions that created problems." six years later he took on a different leadership role as head of the jesuit college. colegio maximo de san jose. at the college, he lived in this small, simple apartment looking now much like it did back then. >> translator: he is a quiet and simple man. a sign of a great leader is to be a good listener, and he is one of the greatest in that respect. >> father angel rossi was at the college with bergoglio. >> translator: bergolio breaks

all the rules. he's a deeply spiritual person who lets himself be guided by his heart. great connoisseur of the soul, isn't he? ♪ >> bergoglio taught by example, spending as much time in the community as the classroom. >> translator: this was in the 1980s, 35 years ago. he was the wise man in a poor village. a working class neighborhood. >> daniel lopez was a very young boy living in that neighborhood. life was hard, but bergoglio made the kids feel important. that their lives could matter. >> translator: here at colegio maximo, he gave us children's day which is the most beautiful day that we kids had at the time where they would give us hot chocolate, they would give us toys. the toy was a nice gift you could take home because sometimes mom and dad couldn't buy anything for us. >> even more important than

toys, lopez says bergoglio taught them how to be good people. >> translator: he was, as you'd say, a superhero. he energized you. he also challenged you. he gave you discipline. he helped me to become a good man. >> daniel became the first in his family to attend college. earning a degree in business administration. coming up, the period in the life of pope francis you rarely hear about. >> now clearly the new regime and the jesuits wanted him out of the way. >> exiled. >> he was told not to have contact with the other jesuits, so he was effectively silenced. with passion. s but i keep it growing by making every dollar count. that's why i have the spark cash card from capital one. i earn unlimited 2% cash back on everything i buy for my studio. ♪

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jorge bergoglio was a star as a young priest. he'd been picked to lead all argentina's jesuits then moved on to head this jesuit college in buenos aires where he was revered for his faith and common touch. >> he had ceased to be the head. yet he continued to have a power over the jesuits in the province which was very unusual. now, a number of the other older jesuits resented that. >> priests are not immune to jealousy and petty politics.

bergoglio was about to feel the bite. >> the new regime and the jesuits wanted him out of the way. >> far out of the way. they exiled bergoglio, sending him to cordoba, 400 miles from buenos aires. >> translator: he went to cordoba to go through a period of reflection, of silence. known pope francis for 40 years used to visit with him in cordoba. >> translator: he said, "i never considered it an injustice. these were the circumstances." it was painful and he did not have it easy. >> journalist javier interviewed

pope francis about his time in cordoba. >> translator: a lot of people talking about it as being an exile, that they took him out of buenos aires and sent him to cordoba with no activity, no role, not even a mass schedule. he lost all authority. >> translator: the pope, himself told us that in cordoba he spent time in the shadows. a dark time. >> this was his room. >> translator: he studied. he prayed a lot. he wrote a lot. >> i've read quite a lot of what he wrote in that period and it's clearly a dark time for him, a wintertime. a time of pairing back. >> a process that would put bergoglio on a very different path. here, he prayed before sunrise, meditated and listened to confessions. >> translator: when we asked pope francis what he read during

that time, he said, "i don't know why, but during that time i read the history of the popes." and we asked if that helped him today and he said, "yes. yes, it helped me a lot." >> bergoglio's exile in cordoba lead to his realization that humility should drive his service and that would become his signature trait. >> translator: it was only two years of his life, but i don't have the slightest doubt that it helped him to become an even more humbled person. simpler, more dedicated. >> and ready for his next challenge. >> cordoba came to an end because the man who became the archbishop of buenos aires, antonio quarracino, basically said to the vatican, look, i need this guy as my assistant bishop. >> so after nearly two years in

exile, jorge bergoglio returns here to buenos aires but he is a changed man and now comes his second chance at leadership. >> so when he became bishop after cordoba, you immediately see in his leadership style that it's much less executive. it's all about walking with people, giving time to people. >> gone was the hard-charging style of days past. in its place, a profound humility that he never lost. >> in 1998, when he became archbishop of buenos aires, he decided not to go and live in the residence of the archbishop, but he decided to live in a small and very simple room. he had the right to have the car with a chauffeur. he said, "no, thank you."

>> instead, parishioners could find the prominent head of argentina's catholic church standing on a subway platform or sitting next to them on a bus. even when pope john paul ii made him a cardinal in 2001, bergoglio remained unassuming. >> when he started to move and become bishop, archbishop, cardinal, did your friend change or was he the same jorge? >> translator: jorge is the exact same person today that he was at 13. >> really? >> translator: exactly the same. >> with exactly the same stinging sense of humor. bergoglio's nephew, jose. >> translator: it is customary to give a light slap on the cheek to each child taking confirmation. he'd been giving a light slap to everyone. when it came to my turn, he gave me a tremendous slap that made my head turn. >> how would you describe him as a man? is he funny?

>> yes, he has a special humor. >> how is it special? >> the acid. >> acidic? >> acidic. yeah. acidic humor. >> can he take it or give it only? >> he takes and he gives. >> you might not expect this man, rabbi abraham skorka, to be one of the pope's closest friends, but he is. >> in america we have an expression that's slang where we say "a brother from another mother." >> yeah, that's true. that's true. >> is that you and francisco? >> yes. we are brothers. >> they appeared together on a serious of archdiocese tv shows. as you got to know him, interfaith dialogue became very important. that has some critics in the catholic church. why is it so important to him to be that way? >> because the dialogue's the key in order to reach peace.

peace in the world. peace in the church. >> you think you rubbed off on him a little bit, you influenced him, how he thinks now? >> undoubtedly, and he influence of me. i learned a lot from him. >> what are the big lessons from him to you, do you think? >> what it means to be humble. next -- death threats and danger in the slums of buenos aires. did the threats stop after that? did things calm down?

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april 2005. the catholic church was in trouble. empty pews and coffers. the shame of sexual abuse by priests. and how that abuse was ignored by church leaders. making matters worse -- >> a statement now from the vatican. pope john paul ii has died. >> the most popular pope in modern history, gone. >> all the cardinals go into the sistine chapel and start what is the most important moment of their careers as cardinals.

>> that moment, to elect a new pope, but this time something was different. >> remember the conclaves, the secret affairs. you're not supposed to know who got what, but a cardinal who had taken part in that 2005 conclave later that year published a diary which gave a very detailed account of the voting and the numbers. >> some say it was no accident the diary came out. to show there was someone other than cardinal ratzinger getting support. cardinal jorge bergoglio. >> he was deeply alarmed by this and over lunch on the second day of the conclave said to the other cardinals, "no, do not vote for me, please vote for joseph ratzinger." >> but why? journalist elisabetta pique knows bergoglio well enough that he baptized both of her kids. >> well, i think i would respond

with something that he said to a little girl from jesuit school when she asked, "did you want to be pope?" and he said, "you have to be crazy, you have to be totally crazy to want to be a pope." >> perhaps cardinal bergoglio didn't want the pomp and the politics or didn't feel ready for the papacy. perhaps he simply felt his place was here. leading the priests of buenos aires in the work that mattered most to him, ministering to those in need. >> he wanted his priests to be in the hospitals, in the old people's homes, in the shantytowns, in the places of suffering. >> like this, one of the worst slums in buenos aires. in 2009, he sent father carrara to these slums and carrara has been here ever since. >> bergoglio asked you to come to the slum. what did you think? >> translator: more than 40,000

people live here. so the responsibility of a bigger congregation, i accepted it with joy. >> cardinal bergoglio came here often to be with the people and to support the local priests. when one priest received death threats from drug lords, the future pope stepped in literally. >> translator: he went there to walk through the slums. to talk to the residents. and also, of course, to visit the priests there. so that the people would see that the archbishop supported his priest. >> did it make a difference? did the threats stop after that? did things calm down? >> translator: yes, after that, there were a few things but it calmed down. things calmed down. >> in december 2011, cardinal bergoglio turned 75. that's the vatican's mandatory retirement age, so he submitted

his resignation and waited for his replacement. >> translator: and i'm not giving away any secret when i tell you, i asked him, "where will you live?" he said, "well, i'll go live my retirement at the flores house where the bishops live." >> no one could know then that this would be a defining moment in the history of the catholic church. a year passed as bergoglio waited for his chance to retire. the vatican chose no replacement. a delay na that would make all of the difference. >> for the first time in 600 years, a pope is retiring. pope benedict xvi. >> stunning news. >> this is something that none of us -- >> incredible. >> -- none of us have heard before. a pope announces he is resigning. >> this simply isn't done. it's been almost 600 years since a pope resigned. no one saw this coming. certainly in this country. >> benedict xvi resigned. a move unprecedented in the modern papacy. the scene was now set for the

radical change that would come. >> in 2013, all the talk was of vatican dysfunction. how can we put our house in order, how can we sort out the money, how can we have better governance in the church? >> now cardinals who had favored bergoglio's election in 2005 got another chance. was he the reformer the church needed? did bergoglio even want the job? and was he strong enough to lead the church? >> so they sent some people to ask him questions. someone asked him the question, how is your health? how do you feel with your lungs? >> because of the pneumonia he had and the surgery. everybody was talking about -- >> yeah, yeah. when we come back, the humble priest emerges as holy father. >> cardinal bergoglio, important to note, we believe finished second to pope benedict in the last conclave. he could be the great uniter.

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you're looking at live picture outside st. peter's square. >> march 2013. st. peter's square. >> the crowd is pretty sizable. they've actually just shut off another street. >> tens of thousands waited and wondered who would be the next leader of the catholic church. >> we can officially say at cnn this is black smoke. >> inside the conclave, votes for jorge bergoglio just as there had been in 2005. >> and the last conclave he was saying "no, no, no, no, no, not me." >> not me. >> "ratzinger, ratzinger's your guy." so he changed. >> he changed. he understood that if he is elected, he must accept because the situation is a very dangerous situation. >> they need to get this right. it's been the biggest decision this church has made in modern history. >> once, twice. >> we have black smoke. that means no pope. >> four times, black smoke. then, on the fifth vote --

>> seems to look a little lighter than last time. >> -- the white smoke that signaled a new pope. >> papa. >> the curtains are open. the crossbearer is coming out. and there he is. >> jorge mario bergoglio became pope francis. >> there he is, our new pope. the catholics' new pope. pope francis. the first pope francis the catholics have ever had. the first pope from south america they've ever had. >> cheers from catholics around the world.

>> argentina! >> especially back home in argentina where close friends like oscar crespo were overwhelmed. when you saw the smoke and you heard "jorge mario" and he walked out onto the balcony, what happened in your head, what happened in your heart? >> translator: when the cardinal came out and announced, "we have a pope," then he started with his weird language -- [ speaking foreign language ] >> translator: -- it was something that i can't describe. it was an emotion. my friend, the pope. the tears started to fall. it was impossible to stop it. >> when he became pope, when did you hear from him? >> called me up by phone.

"hello?" "yeah?" "bergoglio speaking." >> that's what he said? >> he said, "the people caught me and don't leave me to go back to buenos aires, but what can i do? i was elected pope." >> his first decision as pope choosing the name francis of assisi, a saint who advocated for the poor. the message was clear. a change was coming. [ speaking foreign language ] the new pope, francis el poverino, the poor one. he embraced the cheers but also the challenge, he would now have to do in the vatican what he did so well here in argentina as a

leader but also as a reformer. >> he is not afraid, you know, of breaking the traditions of the vatican. he's not afraid to explore new ways. >> the first pope ever to take the name francis then became the first to live in the vatican city guesthouse, casa santa marta, rather than the apostolic palace. he explained in an interview, "i chose to live in santa marta in room 201 because when i took possession of the papal apartment inside myself i distinctly heard a no." >> the big difference between the santa marta and the apostolic palace is simply this. in the casa santa marta, he sees people, he's among people. he can't be isolated. he wanted to be accessible. >> just weeks after becoming pope on the thursday before easter, holy thursday, there was yet another first. >> he did something he had

always done as archbishop of buenos aires which is go to a place of pain, as he calls it. in this case it was a prison. and he washed the feet of prisoners there including a woman prisoner who was also a muslim. and this was something that no pope had ever done before. it was a very, very powerful gesture. >> and it made a powerful statement to the world. this pope is like no other. redefining the catholic church through his unique style and surprising actions. >> he's very aware that when he embraces some guy who's just, you know, physically wrecked, that that guy obviously feels the embrace and the love of god, but he's also aware that there are all these television cameras. he's very aware of the power of these gestures. he knows he's teaching when he does this, and he's touching people's hearts. >> pope francis wants a church that harkins back to his jesuit

roots, one that cares for those most in need. in his mission statement, pope francis said, "i prefer a church which is bruised, hurting, and dirty because it has been out on the streets rather than a church which is unhealthy from being confined and from clinging to its own security." >> there's a steely core there, there's a determination. there's a focus in him which really is quite astonishing. i keep saying to people, he's not a lovable teddy bear, he's a tough guy with a vision. once he's decided what god's will is, bam, he's like a bulldozer and nothing will stop him. when we come back, controversy, division. >> i think there's a lot of resistance. >> and the pope's surprising tone on sexuality. >> he has opened up a civil war within the church.

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wherever the pope goes, he's a rock star. he attracts people to him in a really quite remarkable way. >> they are attracted to a rock star who doesn't act like a rock star. who often sounds less like a pope and more like a parish priest. popular with the people, and empowered to reform the vatican, including its finances and removing some of the old guard.

>> a pope that is doing a big cleanup, but we know that we had a lot of scandals and a lot of very obscure maneuvering in the church, and he's cleaning up. >> cleaning up and speaking out. rebranding the church. but is the pope changing the rules? not really. but he is changing what to focus on and how. addressing homosexuality. [ speaking foreign language ] >> family planning. [ speaking foreign language ] >> even expressing compassion for women who have had abortions. "i've decided, notwithstanding anything to the contrary, to

concede to all priests for the jubilee year the discretion to absolve of the sin of abortion to those who have procured it and who, with contrite heart, seek forgiveness for it." who knows what's next? do you think your friend, bergoglio, would have liked to have had a family if he could have? >> of course, of course. it's not an easy life, this life. he devoted all his life for a cause for the church. >> does he think it has to be that way or that just the way it is? >> in our book, we analyze the theme of celibacy and he said, this is not an unchangeable dogma. could be that in the future celibacy could change.

>> you heard right, celibacy could change. if it's no longer required of priests, it will be the biggest change in centuries. this all sounds great to some, but not others. >> inside the vatican there's a lot of grumbling about this pope so i think there's a lot of resistance. a lot of people dislike his style of governance because it brings uncertainty, it's unpredictable. >> it's not just uncertainty that rattles some catholics. it's also the fear that the church could lose its meaning. >> when the church is seen as essentially throwing up its hands and surrendering to modernity on some front, what happens is first there's a tremendous burst of excitement. >> ross douthat is a conservative catholic and an

op-ed columnist for "the new york times." >> but once that burst of excitement passes, the church has basically removed one reason why beam actually believe in and go to church. >> orthodoxy has meaning, that the rules are absolute and without them, catholics lose identity, purpose. douthat believes the pope could have a very successful pontificate and sees many positive signs, but -- >> at the same time, he has opened up a civil war within the church that had, you know, gone underground a bit under the last two popes, and civil wars within christianity are actually a big deal. >> what's the civil war? >> people who think ultimately that the church is going to have to evolve with the sexual revolution and people that think the church has issues revealing without changing christianity itself. >> a battle that is playing out in the crucible of american catholicism.

as the pope arrives for his historic visit. at the white house -- >> we love you, pope francis! >> -- a warm welcome. then, at the capitol. >> the first bipartisan pope ever to address congress. the pope called out americans on immigration. >> we, the people of this continent, are not fearful of foreigners because most of us were once foreigners. >> and seemed to glance at issues like abortion. >> let us give live.

>> gay marriage. >> the family has been to the building of this country. >> and climate change. >> we need a conversation which includes everyone. ♪ >> a church that hid from controversy. now led by a pope who supports it. >> pope francis isn't changing church teaching. he's expressing it in ways that are fresh and vigorous, surprising using colloquial language and emphasizing things which, perhaps, haven't been heard before. >> as he makes his way across america's streets, pope francis is the symbol of change. change in the form of a man. a man of principle and purpose. shaped by where he is from, focused on where he is going. and trying to convince a church and a world to accept his

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