this is "gps" the global public square. welcome to all of you in the united states and around the world. i'm fareed zakaria. we will start today's show with

populism. power to the people. the concept swept britain and then the united states. is mainland europe next? italy and austria go to the polls this week. france and germany will elect leaders next year. will the populist wave continue to sweep the west? i have tawrific panel including "the new york times" tom friedman. then privacy in the age of terror. should the government see everything you do on the internet? that is the direction we're moving in. also, the legacy of barack obama. that is the title of my next primetime cnn special. we will look at everything from race to guns from obama care to the iran deal. he had extraordinary access to the president and his team. i will give you a sneak preview,

actually, two, this hour. >> you never know when history is calling. >> but, first, here's my take. as democrats contemplate their losses in november' election, most have settled on a solution. they believe that the party needs more economically populist policies. this isn't an essential reality. most people don't vote on the basis of policies. there is no mountains of excellent research by political scientists and psychologists on why people vote. the conclusion is clear. as gabriel lens writes in his landmark 2012 book, "follow the leader" voters don't choose between politicians based on policy stances, but rather voters appear to adopt the policies that their favorite politicians prefer. and how do voters pick their favorite politicians? it turns out it's a gut decision

that is more emotional than rational. mostly it hinges on whether they identify with the politician in a social and psychological sense. the problem for the democratic party is not that its policies arant progressive they are progressive enough and more populist and yet over the last decade republicans have swept through state houses, governor's mansions and the u.s. congress and now the white house. the republican party has been able to profit electerally at so many levels because it found a way to emotion alidentify with working class whites as they watched the country get transformed. globalization. automation, immigration. all generate enormous social change. republicans signal that at a gut level they are uncomfortable with this change. they like america the way it was. partly this is a matter of policy on gun safety. but mostly it's about identity and attachment conveyed through

symbols and signals. in a perceptive essay in harvard business review, clerking class people distrust and disdain professionals and they view the democratic party as a party of professionals. professionals in this view are overeducated urbanites with lifestyles with organic food and vegan diets and yoga who have jobs that are about manipulating words and numbers. on the other hand william notes, working class people love the rich. for example, a real estate developer from queens who actually builds stuff and maintains all his basic appetites in food decor and such. when donald trump posts a photograph of himself in his plane eating kentucky fried chicken he is saying to his base, i'm just like you, only with lots of money. if this emotional attachment is the key to getting people to vote for you, what does it mean for the democrats? well, the democrats have

advantages. they begin with a strong base of people who do identify with them. professional, working women, minority, millennials. but democrats need to reclaim a larger share of working class whites. to do this, they need to understand the politics of symb symbolism, not substance. hillary clinton's campaign, for instance, should have been centered one simple theme that she grew up in a middle class in a town outside of chicago and lived in arkansas for two decades. the subliminal message to working class whites would have been simply, i know you. i am you. >> let the word trust -- >> reporter: bill clinton's success has a lot to do with the fact, brilliant as he is, he can always remind those voters he knows them. once reassured, they're open to his policy ideas. barack obama is a cingulary charismatic politician, but he may have made democrats forget that the three democrats elected to the white house prior to his

election all came from the rural south. so with these insights on mind on the campaign trail, perhaps clinton and the democrats should have rallied less with beyonce and jay-z and more with george strait. if you don't know who that is, that's part of the problem. for more go to cnn.com/fareed and read my column this week. let's get started. first came the brexit vote which surprised much of the world and then donald trump's astonishing electoral victory in the united states. upcoming elections in europe be the third shock to the system. let me bring in a great panel to discuss the rise of populism. thank you for being late, an t

optimiop optimist guide. also in "the times" a great piece by my next guest ian. i he's a professor at bard college. before that she was the international affairs editor at france 24 and narx naia teaches politics. welcome to you all. we arrived to this consensus that francis called the end of history and, you know, the big political debates were settled and now we see this wave of change. so, what happened? >> well, the end of the cold war happened in the first place and it was when america's prestige was probably at its height and everybody thought, as you say, the end of history was there. i think one reason for this wave of right-wing populism all over the world is not just the rise

of the right, it's also the demise of the left. that the social democratic left has lost its voice everywhere all the way from japan to netherlands. that had something to do with the end of the cold war because the fall of the soviet empire which we all applauded in many ways also tainted everything to do with the left. and undercut the kind of opposition that we now need against this right-wing populist. >> everywhere you see it, you see immigration. and that was, of course, trump's first issue. >> i think that we're in the middle of three accelerations. one in technology, one in globalization and one in environment. what it's doing is it's all feeding together. more climate change drives more immigration. i was just in africa a couple months ago and you can trace what's going on in senegal. small farm is collapsing and

technology gives people cell phones where they can hit the road. which app allows them to create huge smuggler networks. they don't want a live aid concert from europe, they want to come to europe. this is creating a giant stream of people. we think this about the middle east, syria and afghanistan. this is an african phenomenon. >> three-quarters of immigration is from africa. >> it's not going to stop. i think we're just at the beginning of it. what it's doing is really together and surge and acceleration technology, climate change and globalization. think about it. i go to the grocery store now in my hometown whether it's in italy, france, america. there is someone there speaking a different language and wearing their head covering that is not a baseball cap. then i go into the men's room and someone that looks like a different gender there. i happen to embrace all that. i am so glad we have all those rights. but that came really fast for a

lot of people. next to me is a robot and he seems to be studying my job. if you think of the things that anchor us in the world our community and our work whether it's in italy, france or america. they're both being disrupted and a lot of people feeling. >> if tom is right and this isn't going to stop and particularly the flow of people isn't going to stop, melissa, what seems to me is the backlash isn't going to stop. and you see it in france where conservative politician seems to have essentially won their primary and it was basically by outflanking everybody on immigration. >> immigration was absolutely heart of what he was saying, but fundamentally he is a sign of rupture. he's not a populist. it was not accepted until two weeks s weeks. in fact, by this very clever message he sent not as a

populi populist, but he wants rupture but enough rupture and there are sort of dog whistle messages that he also send out on things like immigration. he is a catholic and social conservative and represents a real backlash, a return to those values that many people still hold dear, even if the sort of elites in paris had long imagined that they had been forgotten. there is that sense that we'd stopped paying attention, i think, to the kind of things you were just talking about. the fears you were just talking about. >> make america great, again. the british reclaiming their sovereignty. somehow it's all about going back to the way things were in some idealized way. >> the people that have that nostalgia, a lot of the voters behindbox brexit they live in

residential areas. it's an idea of a world that is reducing its status. whether it's racial. after all, london voted largely to remain in the eu and london is the city, completely cosmopolitan city. >> final thought? >> i think this is a very good interpretation. also immigration movements like recently in small towns. they've never seen and very short and more number. so, it is a imaginary because of the media perhaps and without professional media producers and we become the media producer. and this is disconnections between ours and reality through

the means of mediation communication makes us. so, it's a situation in which we created the truth in which we believe we're scared of. >> we searched through the new media forms for the news that we want to hear. that scares us about these immigran immigrants. that's what breitbart does so much of the time. when we come back we'll talk about the winner around many of othese elections around the world. that is the undemocratic leader of russia. why is vladimir putin doing so well out of all this? we'll try to answer that when we come back. and here. the answer is 8. bottom line, life is hard. that's why godaddy created website builder... it makes creating a website...easy. build an awesome mobile-friendly, website... and it's free to get started. plus with the money you save, you can hire a math tutor.

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and we are back with tom friedman, melissa bell, ian

baruma. one of the things that has not been remarked upon enough despite the fact that we talked about this election so much is the extraordinary victory in a sense for a russian cyber-war in the united states but, of course, it's happened in other places. >> yeah. it's actually terrifying. putin voted in our election. he voted through wikileaks and that damaged hillary clinton. but you know, fareed, putin is always a guy looking for dignity in all the wrong places. by taking a bite out of this neighbor or that neighbor. at the end of the day to thrive in the 21st century how well you nurture your own demon capital. so, obviously, he influenced our election. i feel, i'm deeply upset and worried about it because he did it for a reason. because he thought trump was incapable of leading the western alliance and this would lead to the breakup of the western alliance. if you're a russian living in

st. petersburg that and ten cents will buy you a coffee. i think, though, to go back just for a second to our previous conversation what is also upsetting people is not just the cultural thing. it's something broader. in my book i quote a minnesota congressman. being an average worker in minnesota in the '60s and '70s. white, blue collar worker. you needed a plan to fail. there was so much updraft of blue collar work and even white collar work for college educated. you actually needed a plan to fail. today you need a plan to succeed and you have to update it every six months and that's too fast and too demanding for a lot of people and that's also, again, what that is about. >> so, when you see somebody like fillon win in france, again, i'm struck by the fact that he has the strange collection of views but one of them is he is very prorussian. why does the european union have

to have sanctions against russia and why can't we get along and unite with russia and fight terrorists, just what trump said. >> he has this old friendship with vladimir putin that goes back to the time when they were both prime ministers. and more profoundly, idyelogically he believes it is time to look back and build bridges and help it in syria with all kind of extraordinary ideas like helping hezbollah on the ground. he goes that far. you see this extraordinary thing where, in fact, the power to which the left turns throughout the 20th century despite human rights is now the power to which the right turns despite human rights abuses. it's an extraordinary shift and one we haven't quite seen coming. and suddenly you're going to have a security council that is decidedly pro russian. >> and, you know, this is happening in the context of a new ideology almost.

leaders poland all talking about illiberal democracy. when we talked about the end of history, who would have thought that the new challenge to rule democracy would be a kind of populist, quasi -- >> the winner in all this is not putin. british is a, it's china. the great thing about china that made china so different about the soviet union is that its alter tearyism that works. p provenshal airports in china make jtk. who are very distrustful of liberal institutions and think it's messy and decisions don't get made and so on. so, the chinese model of strong man who can make things happen is dangerously attractive and

putin is sort of part of that, too, but much less successful. and, therefore, in the end, much less of a challenge. >> this researcher at harvard has this data which shows he asks in western countries and people have been asking. do you think it's vital important that you live in a democracy? it's gone from something like 65% in the united states to 25. >> this is also the condition of europe in my view because it is not simply, it is not simply the issues. it is a conception and the better political way of leading together. they don't -- pause we don't even have the courage to say openly that democracy is dysfunctional and we need something better or a better way of being democratic. more selective, more based on

competition and define separated from the people. so the interpretation of democracy more and more. >> is is this the end of the west as a political civilizational -- >> you know, i wouldn't dare hazard or guess that, fareed. but what i do believe it is the end of all the political parties that we know as western politics. i think they're all going to blow up because they were basically designed to respond to the industrial revolution, the new deal and civil rights. i believe what the parties to respond to today are the acceleration and technology and the acceleration of globalization and the acceleration of climate. how we get the best out of them and cushion the worst. the right answer that melissa described for a liberal and i'm here selling my own politics is to be to the left of bernie sanders on some issues. i think we're going to need to strengthen the safety net but the right of the "wall street journal" editorial page.

to be radcally entrepreneurial. bernie sanders was selling a safety net that we couldn't possibly afford and they don't understand and more of a safety net. i think the candidate who sympathizes, fareed, is going to be the successful party in the future. >> and going to be tom friedman. >> i get my aggravation playing golf. >> thank you, all, very much. next on "gps" did edward snowden revelations think that the u.s. had turned into a surveillance state? you want to take a look at the new sweeping, snooping powers that just became law of the land in great britain. it's remarkable what the government now has the right to government now has the right to do there. an executive producer... ...at marvel studios. we are very much hands-on producers. if my office... ...becomes a plane or an airport the surface pro's perfect. fast and portable but also light. you don't do this 14 hours a day, 7 days a week for...

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generosity is its oyou can handle being a mom for half an hour. i'm in all the way. is that understood? i don't know what she's up to, but it's not good. can't the world be my noodles and butter? get your mind out of the gutter. mornings are for coffee and contemplation. that was a really profound observation. you got a mean case of the detox blues. don't start a war you know you're going to lose.

finally you can now find all of netflix in the same place as all your other entertainment. on xfinity x1. now for our "world in the world" segment. imagine a world where everything you do online is monitored. every single website you vizt and the apps you use all recorded by your government. not only that, encrypted data like e-mails, text messages can be deciphered with an easily obtainable warrant. this is not science fiction. this will soon be a reality in the united kingdom.

the investigatory power built and ratified by royal assent on tuesday. it is a sweeper piece of legislation that forces telecom companies to store everybody's data. your calls, texts, location data and web activity for a year. it also empowers law enforcement allowing them to legally hack into people's devices without them knowing. sounds extreme? it is. the law at the beginning of 2017 will give the government fast powers to essentially spy on its citizens by their online activities. the u.s. whistleblower edward snowden describe it as the most surveillance in the history of western democracy. it goes further than many ought talkeracies. the inventor of the worldwide web told the bbc that such a law had no place in a modern democracy adding it undermines

our fundamental rights online and the corporate world has weighed in with tech giants like apple, facebook, microsoft and google all highly critical. they argued that the bill has been rushed through parliament without proper scrutiny and includes big measures that can essentially be used by the government to force tech companies to do whatever they ask. furthermore, the bill is believed to pose a direct threat to freedom of the press. as journalists and their sources will not be protected from the uk's government surveillance. the government argues it needs these measures to ensure national security. it says the bill will help fight crime from child abuse to trafficking and terrorism. who will ensure the government doesn't abuse these broad powers. it bill will introduce a commissioner to oversee the powers they use. it is unclear how the commissioner will operate and who he or she will answer to. any requests the government makes to tech companies will be

private. the public will be in the dark. how does this deaf rinshiaiffer uk that routinety spy on their citizens that individual citizens can no longer respect the basic right of privacy. but i wonder whether the unprecedented costs to our individual civil liberties is worth it in this case. i would argue it is not. every citizen should have the right to a basic level of privacy where the state cannot interfere without clear evidence of wrongdoing or strong judicial oversight. that should be enshrined as a basic human right. the idea of bug collecting now and finding criminals later is a flawed one at best and certainly undemocratic. next on "gps" i'll tell you the inside story to the road of the nuclear deal with iran that might have started with an off

cuff answer from then senator obama in a 2007 debate. part of my upcoming.

okay, please set your dvr or meeting maker or whatever you have to do on wednesday night, december 7th at 9:00 p.m. eastern cnn will premiere my new documentary. a two-hour program called "the lugacy of barack obama." i will take you through the big bets that obama took on many, many issues. many of which were success fall. many of which could unravel entirely on january 20th when president trump moves into the white house

good evening. welcome. thank you very much. >> it was the answer heard around the world. then senator obama had been thrown an unexpected question from an ordinary american. >> this is the cnn youtube debate. >> would he meet without preconditions with the leaders of iran, syria, venezuela, cuba and north korea? >> i would, and the reason is this. the notion that somehow not talking to countries is punishment to them which has been the guiding diplomatic principle of this administration is ridiculous. but if we tell them -- >> thank you very much everyone. good night. >> viewed today, the statement might not seem extraordinary, but in 2007, it was practically revolutionary, to say an american president would speak to strong men like iran's

ahmadinejad and north korea's kim. >> constitute an axis of evil. >> two-thirds of then president bush's axis of evil. >> certainly we're not going to have our president meet with -- >> hillary clinton pokes holes in obama's argument on stage that night, and the reviews were pretty unanimous. obama's answer was naive. >> are you kidding me? those are the last people i'd meet with in my first year. i'd never meet with those guys. >> but obama strategist daifld axelrod says the future president was adamant on a phone call with staff. obama told them -- >> we're not backing off at all. i actually think that was the moment when he found his voice in that campaign because he realized that he was bringing the point of view that nobody else was going to bring.

>> reporter: that voice continued when he was inaugurated. >> we will extend a hand if you're willing to unclench your fist. >> iran in 20909 was a nation with a very tightly clenched fist. >> this is a country that had been hostile towards us and we had been hostile towards for decades. >> but after just two months in office, obama decided to try something new on this olden me. >> today i want to extend my very best wishes to all who are celebrating narus around the world. >> for nearly three decades, relations between our nations have been strained. this holiday we're reminded of the common humanity to binds us together. veteran middle east reporter robin wright was in iran when obama's message was heard. >> maybe for the first time

americans were serious about a dialogue. >> those hopes for a dialogue became fears about a confrontation just six months later. >> good morning. >> obama along with nicholas sarkozy and gordon brown made a stunning announcement. iran had been keeping an explosive secret. >> the islamic republic of iran has been building a covert your rainian enrichment facility for several years. >> this is one of those gotcha moments. and it was a worrying sign because it indicated iran had a much more advanced program. >> the crisis had an upside. it brought the world's most powerful nations together, the united states, germany, the united kingdom, france and china and russia were now all determined to stop iran from

getting a nuclear weapon. there were fits and starts, talks and negotiations, but little progress to show until 2013. an auspicious year, the year the team that would crack the toughest issue in world politics all came together. it was the year that president obama was inaugurated for the second time. and john kerry, a vietnam war vet and advocate of diplomacy took office as the new secretary of state. it was the year that the relatively moderate hasan rouhani was elected the seventh president of iran. >> we're all endowed with free will. >> reporter: and named mohamed zarif as kerry's counterpart. >> the credentials, the personal history of these four men was pivotal. it is doubtful if any of the four had been different that we really would have gotten to this

point. >> the importance of that chemistry began to be clear in september 2013. it was the annual meeting of world leaders at the united nations in new york. secretary of state john kerry. >> the united states and iran had not had their secretaries of state or foreign ministers talk in decades. >> but that was soon to change. after a multilateral meeting where kerry and zarif sat next to each other, the two diplomats went to another room at the u.n. for what was supposed to be just a meet and greet. >> a little room on the side of the security council, no windows, just the two of us in a very small space, i think taking stock of each other and of the

situation. >> it turned into much more. >> i have met with him now on a side meeting. >> we stressed the need to corporate the discussions to give it the political impetus that it requires. >> these were the highest talks between the united states and iran in decades. that record didn't last long. >> it was just a 15-minute phone call, but one 34 years in the making. >> the highest level conversation between the two nations since 1979. >> an historic conversation as obama picked up the phone and called rouhani. the first dialogue between an american president and an iranian lead are since jimmy carter spoke to the last shah of iran. >> i believe we can reach a comprehensive solution. >> president obama was right, iran and the world powers did reach a comprehensive solution, but the road was filled with twists and turns and much controversy in iran in the

united states and around the world. on wednesday night at 9:00 p.m. eastern we will take you all the way to the finish line. the deal has been in effect for almost a year, but it seems to be in jeopardy if you believe the promises of president-elect donald j. trump. would what would it mean for the world if the united states pulls out of the deal? next on gps, more mr. the special including a conversation between a then little known senator from illinois and a very well-known senator from massachusetts. the chat that will go down in history. back in a moment. this is the goal post. the end zone. the goal of every team. we know you have goals. like getting exposure for your idea or business. with godaddy website builder, you can easily create an awesome mobile-friendly, get you more exposure website. we call that...a website builder touchdown. get your free trial of website builder now.

for my new documentary "the legacy of barack obama," we conducted 18 sbrer views capturing somewhere north of 20 hours on tape. the documentary will run about two hours, less if you take out all the ads. you do the math.

there are extraordinary stories that we couldn't fit into the documentary, and i wanted to show you a few of those stories now. you'll hear one from the president himself in just a moment, but to begin, the first major hire obama made after he was elected was rahm emanuel. >> what do you think it says about him as a person that he wanted to swing for the fences? >> i hope you -- this is true about every one of the presidents, they all want to swing for the fences. i have a theory -- i'm saying this in humor, so please don't edit this in a way it doesn't come across wrong. okay? you leave the east wing and make it down the stairs and you walk over to the oval office. you pass about -- i'm doing this by memory, two pictures of jefferson, three of washington, two of both roosevelts, you have a room next to you called the

roosevelt. the nobel peace prize. can't we just put a tyler in there, a pierce in there? you walk by all these oil paintings of the icons. what president doesn't want to swing for the fences? i think what may make him slightly different is what personal political price he's willing to pay for that public -- what he believes is a policy priority where other people would -- not that they wouldn't do it, but they woulden in decide we're going to go x percent. i think swinging from the fences, every president, every one of us in public life share that ambition. i say that in a very positive way. they want to leave their thumb mark, that's part of life. >> that was rahm emanuel. now mayor of chicago, of course. next i want to play you a bit of my interview with the president.

listen in. >> was there a moment or a period that you remember thinking to yourself with that background, with that name, with the way you look, the american people could elect me president? >> i'm not sure there was a particular moment. certainly when i won the u.s. senate race in illinois resoundingly, i thought this indicated that my basic belief that i could connect with people from all walks of life had been vindicated because illinois is a pretty representative state. i think demographers looked to see what's the state that actually captures best the diversity of the united states. illinois is a pretty good example. not only is it black, white, latino, asian, it's urban, it's rural, it's -- southern illinois is closer to southern culture.

northern illinois is much more like a northern state. i got 70% of the vote and then remained 70% approval for most of the time i was in the senate. so that gave me a sense that i could reach just about anybody and our message had resonance. believing that after only two years in the senate it was time for me to throw my hat in the ring, that was i think a more difficult process, and i still remember having a conversation with ted kennedy who ended up becoming a dear friend and somebody who i think was one of the giants of american politics for decades and he had gotten wind that some people were asking me about whether i should run or not, and he called me

into his office and teddy was always telling stories and pointing out pictures of people that he had spent time with. he never kind of goes straight to the point. we sat there for a while talking, and then i remember him looking at me and saying, you know, you never know when history is calling. you never know exactly when the right moment is, but when it's there you've got to seize it. you've got to at least take a chance because you don't know if it's going to come again. and he hadn't endorsed me at that point, and it wouldn't be for quite some time before he did, but i thought it was a reminder for me that i might

have a chance to do something important and to kick down some doors that had been closed previously, but also more importantly to push america in the kind of inclusive progressive direction that i had been working towards most of my life. >> don't miss "the legacy of barack obama" wednesday night at 9:00 p.m. eastern right here on cnn. next on "gps," hand over your driver's license and i will give you some rah man. that's what japan is saying to a certain part of the population. who is getting this noodle deal? find out when we come back. but thanks to fingerhut.com, now you can shop over 700,000 items from brand names like samsung, rachael ray and fisher price. happy holidays to me. all you gotta do is click on over to fingerhut.com and get the credit you deserve to get all kinds of great stuff. [ doorbell rings ] oh, i hope it's the microfiber recliner!

[ laughs ] ahhh. ♪ our mission is to produce for african women as they try to build their businesses and careers. my name is yasmin belo-osagie and i'm a co-founder at she leads africa. i definitely could not do my job without technology. this windows 10 device, the touchscreen allows you to kind of pinpoint what you're talking about. which makes communication much easier and faster than the old mac that i used to use. you can configure it in so many different ways, it just, i don't know, it feels really cool.

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last week the parliament of kazakhstan voted unanimously to rename the capital city to the last name of the 76-year-old president. the current name astana means capital. it brings me to my question. which of the following countries has a capital city that like astana means capital? state tuned and we'll tell you the correct answer. this week's book of the week is tom friedman's new book "thank

you for being late" an optimist guide to thriving in the age of accelerations. i've just started the book but already enjoying it. agree orr disagree with friedman, he reports of fascinating companies and countries, notices new trends in technologies and always writes with passage. he always makes me think. now for the last look. staking away an el disasterly person's driveer's license can mean a loss of freedom. in one country it can main a gain of something else. raman noodsal. japan's national police says there were nearly 5 million licensed drivers over the age of 75 in that country last year. that's more than double the number a decade ago and there's been a spike in the number of accidents for that aging population of drivers. according to "the guardian" prime minister shinzo abe has pushed his government to reverse the trend. last week police in central japan launched a novel idea with a restaurant chain.

older citizens can exchange their driver's licenses for discounted meals at more than 175 eateries in the area. this is one of several incentives, discounts on taxi fares and even bath facilities offered for driver's license trade-ins. these accidents are a problem that could keep getting worse in the world's oldest country. by 2030 more than a third of japan's population will be 65 or older. here in united states, roughly 20% of the population will be that age by then. i say for this reason maybe bring on the driverless cars. the correct answer to the gps challenge question is c, seoul originates from the korean word meaning capital. as the zeek stan's capital city means monday, reykjavik, and pyongyang literally means flat

name. they declierd the offer to rename the capital. the same cannot be said for that country's currency. thanks to all of you for being part of my program this week. i will see you next week. i'm brian stelter, this is "reliable sources." our weekly look at the story behind the story, how the media works, how the news gets made. welcome to our viewers in the u.s. and around the world on cnn international. this year, raw, angry, shell shocked. the nation still divided after the election. is anybody trying to listen, trying to learn from voters? dan jones' project tries to do that. he'll join me to tell me what he's learned so far. also, the art of presidential lying and how president-elect trump does it very differently. my take on what to do about it. a protest described as