this is gps the global public square. welcome to all of you in the united states and around the world. i'm fareed zakaria. we will start today's show with populism. power to the people. then the united states, britain. is mainland europe next? italy and austria go to the polls next week. will the populist wave continue to sweep the west?

i have a terrific panel including tom friedman. then, privacy in the age of terror. should the government see everything you do on the internet? that is the direction we're moving it. also, the legacy of barack obama. that is the title of my next prime time cnn special. we will look at everything from race to guns from obamacare to the iran deal. we had an extraordinary access to the president and his team. i will give you a sneak preview, actually two, this hour. >> you never know when history is calling. but first, here's my take. as democrats contemplate their losses in november's election, most have settled. they believe that the party

needs more economically populist policies. but this misses an essential reality, most people don't vote on the basis of policies. there is now mountains of excellent research by political scientists and psychologist on why people vote. the conclusion is clear. as gabriel writes in his landmark 2012 book "follow the leader." they don't vote based on policy stances. they appear to adopt the policies that their favorite politicians prefer. and how do voters pick their favorite politicians? it turns out it's a gut decision that is more emotional than rational. mostly hinges on whether they identify with the politician in the social and psychological sense. the problem for the democratic party is not that it's policies aren't progressive or populist enough. they're already progressive and substantially more populist than the republican parties along almost every dimension.

and yet, republicans have swept through state houses, governor's mansions, the u.s. congress, and now the white house. the republican party has been able to profit electorally on so many levels because it found a way to emotionally identify with working class whites as they watch the country get transformed. globalization, immigration. all generate enormous social change. republicans tsunami that at a gut level they are uncomfortable with this change. they like america the way it was. policy on gun safety, but mostly it's about identify and attachment conveyed through symbols and signals. joan williams explains that working class people distrust and disdain professionals. professionals in this view are overejtsed, urbanites with steep

lifestyles, organic food and vegan indicts who have jobs that are manipulating words and numbers. on the other hand, working class people, not the rich, for example, real estate developer from queens who builds stuff and retains all his basic appetites in food, decor, and such. when donald trump sends a picture of his plane eating kfc saying i'm just like you, only with lots of money. this emotional attachment in the key to getting people to vote for you, what does it mean for the democrats? well, the democrats have advantages. they begin with a strong base of people who do identify with them. professionals, working women, minority, millennials, but democrats need to reclaim a larger share of working class whites. to do this, they need to understand the politics of symbolism, not substance.

hillary clinton's campaign should be centered around one theme. she grew up middle class in a town outside of chicago and lived in arkansas for two decades. the subliminal message to working class whites would have been simply, i know you, i am you. bill clinton's success has a lot to do with the fact that brilliant as he is, can always remind those voters he knows them. once reassured, they're open to policy ideas. barack obama is a singularly charismatic politician, but he might have made democrats forget that the three democrats elected to the white house prior to his election all came from the rural south. they knew that worked. so with these insights on mind on the campaign trail, perhaps clinton and the democrats should have rallied less with beyonce and jay-z and say more with george strait. if you don't know who that is, that's part of the problem. for more go to cnn.com/fareed

and read my washington post column this week and let's get started. first kamt brexit vote which surprised much of the world, then donald trump's astonishing electoral victory in the united states. will upcoming elections in europe be a third shock to the system? let me bring in a panel to discuss the rise of this. thank you for being late. optimist guide to thriving in the age of excellence. he's also of course a "new york times" columnist. also in the times this weekend there's a great piece by any next guest, ian. it's called the end of the angle american order. he's a professor at bart college. melissa bell, before that she was the international affairs editor at france 24.

welcome to you all. you know, at the end of the cold war, it seemed as though we had arrived at this kind of consensus that francis called the end of history and that, you know, the big political debates were settled, and now we see this wave of change. so what happened? >> well, the end of the cold war happened in the first place. and it was when america's prestige was at it's height. and everybody thought, as you say, the end of history there was. i think one reason for this wave of right winged populism all over the world is not just the rise of the right, it's also the demise of the left. that the social democratic leflt has lost it's voice everywhere. all the way from japan to netherlands. and that had something to do with the end of the cold war because the fall of the soviet

empire tainted everything else to do with the left. and undercut. and the kind of opposition we now need against this right wing populism. >> what i'm struck by john is everywhere you see it, you see immigration. and that was of course trump's first issue. >> well, you know, i think that we're in the middle of accelerations and one in globalization and one in climate, and what it's doing, they're all feeding together. so more climate change drives more immigration. i was just in africa a couple of mornts ago. you can trace what's going on, small scale farming is collapsing because of climate change of population growth. technology gives people cell phones where they could hit the road. this allow us them to create smugglers experts. they want a to come to europe, all right. and so this is now creating a giant stream of people. you know, we think this is about the middle east, syria, afghanistan, it's not. this is an african phenomenon.

>> three quarters of immigration to europe is africa. >> and it's not going to stop. >> and so i think we're just at the beginning of it. what it's doing is really together this surge in acceleration technology climate change and globalization. think about it. i go to the grocery store now in my hometown, whether it's italy, france, america. there's someone speaking different language. wearing a head covering that's not a baseball cap. i feel like this is odd to me. then go to the men's room. and there's someone who looks like a different gender there. i embrace all that, i'm glad we have those rights, but that came really fast far lot of people. then they go to work and others are robots sitting next to me and studying my job. and so if you think of the things that baker us in the world, community, work, whether it's in italy, france, or in america. they're both being disruptive and there are a lot of people today feeling unheard. >> so if thomas writed these, this isn't going to stop, and

the flow of people isn't going to stop, melissa. also the backlash isn't going to stop. and you see it in france where francios has won their primary and it was basically by outflanking everybody on immigration. >> immigration was absolutely -- of what he was saying, but fundamentally, he is a sign of rupture. he's not a populist. and it was expected until about two weeks ago, he suddenly came from nowhere to win the primary. in fact, by this very clever message that he sent, not as a populist, sat right on economic matters, he wants rupture, but enough rupture to answer that profound need for change. and, there are sort of dog whistle messages that he also sends out on things like immigration. he's the catholic, he's a social conservative. and represents a real backlash, a return to those values that

many people still hold dear, even if the sort of elites in paris had long imagined that they'd been forgotten. and i think there is a sense we stopped paying attention to the things you were just talking about. the fears that people have. >> nostalgia is a large part of this. make america great again. the british reclaiming their sovereignty. somehow it's all about going back to the way things were in some idealized wade. >> so the people that have that nostalgia are bheem are not their daily lives actually confronted by immigrants of strange people in men's rooms and things. a lot of the voters behind brexit and trump and other leaders never seen an immigrant. they live in the area. it's the idea of a world that's somehow reducing their status. remarkable, ethnical, national, the idea sch as the reality. because afterall, london voted largely to remain in the eu. london is the city, it's a

completely cosmopolitan city. >> final thought. >> yeah, i think this is a very good interpretation because also when there are a phenomenon of anti-immigration movements, like in north italy. and z as the numbers. the close of the media because of the media. we get to the media without professional media producers. and we become the media producer. and this is, this connections between as a reality through our means of mediation, communication, makes us post-truth, all of us. so it's a snichgs which we created it through and then we believe in it. >> well then, we searched through these new media forms for the news that we wanted to hear. that scares us about these

immigrants. that's what breitbart does so much of the time. when we come back, we will talk about the winner of many of these elections around the worltd. and that are appears to be the decidedly undemocratic leader of russia. why is vladimir putin doing so well out of all of this? we'll try tos than when we come back. since we started shopping at way bfingerhut.com. first down! that's because with fingerhut.com we can shop over 700,000 items go to fingerhut.com to get low monthly payments and the credit you deserve. that's a touchdown, buttercup! ♪ ♪ oww!

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i lost my sight in afghanistan. if you're totally blind, you may also be struggling with non-24. calling 844-844-2424. or visit my24info.com. and we are back with tom friedman, melissa bell, ian, and nadia. tom. one of the things that i think about the market enough sf is the victory for a cyber war in the united states. but of course, it's happened in other places. >> yeah, it's the terrifying.

britain vote our election. he was always looking for dignity in the all the wrong places. it's all about how well you nurture your own human capital. and so, obviously he influenced our election i feel deeply upset and worried about it. because he did it for a reason. because he thought trump was incapable of leading the western alliance and this would lead to the break up. at the end of the day, it's all about him looking for dignity in all the wrong places. i think to go back for a second, what's also upsetting people is not just the cultural thing. it's something broader. i quote a minnesota congressman. talk about growing up in minnesota. being a average worker in

minnesota in the '60s and '70s, an average worker -- white, blue call lor warninger, you needed a plan to fail. there was so much updraft of blue collar work, and even white collar work for average educated. you needed a plan to fail. today, you need a plan to succeed. and you have to update it every six months and that is too fast and too demanding for a lot of people. and that's also what that again is about. >> so, when you see somebody like in france, again, i'm struck by the fact that he's got a strange collection of views, but one of them is he's very pro russian, why does the european union have to have sanctions against russia, why can't we combine with russia and fight islamic terrorists just what trump said? >> he has this old friendship with vladimir putin that goes back to the time when they were both prime ministers. they actually got on. and more profoundly, yes, id logical logically, he believes it's time to look back to moscow to build

bridges, to help it in syria with all kinds of extraordinary ideas like helping hezbollah on the ground. he goes that far. so you see this extraordinary thing where in fact the power to which the left turns throughout the 20th century, is now the power to which the right turns despite human rights abuses and the nature. it's an extraordinary shift. and i think one that we hadn't quite seen coming. he would be the next in the line, and suddenly a security council that is decidedly pro-russian. >> and, you know, this is happening in the context of a new ideology almost. the leader of hungary, leaders of poland, all talking about liberal democracy. you know, when we talked about the end of history, who would have thought that the new challenge to democracy would be a kind of populist, kwau sigh authoritarianism and russia would be the originator?

>> i wonder if it's russia, i think the real winner is not putin. because russia is a pretty rubbishy economy really, it's china. and the great thing about china, which made china so different from the soviet union is that it's authoritarianism that works in a capitalism sense. airports in china make jfk look like a place in africa. so that's a very attractive model who are drawn to that, distrustful of liberal institutions. think it's messy and decisions don't get made. and so the chinese model of strong man who could make things happen is dangerously attract e attractive. and putin is sort of part of that too, but he's much less successful and therefore in the end, i think much less of a challenge. >> harvard has this data which shows the western countries. people having asking, do you think it's vitally important that you live in a democracy?

it's gone from 65% in the united states to 25%. >> this is also the condition of europe in my view. it's not simply an information and other issues, it is a conception and a better political way of leading together. it's not necessarily democracy. they don't dare to say so because we don't even have the courage to say openly that perhaps democracy's -- we need something better or a better way of being democratic. and more is selective. more based on competition and it leads to the days, that separated from the people. so the reason is the interpretation of democracy more and more. >> so is this the end of the west as a political civilizational -- >> it wouldn't dare hazard a guess that.

i do believe it's in all the political parties that we've known as western politics. i think they're all going to blow up. because they were basically designed to respond to the industrial revolution, the new deal, the early idea in civil rights. i believe what the parties have to respond to are the acceleration in technology, and the acceleration in climate. how we get the best out of them cushions the worse. therefore to me the right answer, that melissa described far liberal, and i'm sellingly own politics is to the left of bernie sanders on some issues. i'm for singer payer health care. i think we need to strengthen the safety net, but the right of the "wall street journal" editorial page at the same time. to be radically entrepreneurial so question afford that safety net. bernie sanders was selling a safety net that we couldn't afford and the people want radical entrepreneurism don't understand how many people have been unmoored and more of a safety net. and i think the candidate cho simp sizes the two is going to be the successful party in the future. >> tom friedman.

>> i'm from a small town in minnesota. >> i get my aggravation from playing golf. >> thank you all very much. next on gps, did edward snowden's revelations think the u.s. turned into a surveillance state. you want to take a look at the new snooping powers that just became law of the land in great britain. it's remarkable what the government now has the right to do there. tokyo-style ramen noodles. freshly made in the japanese tradition, each batch is small. special. unique...

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now for what in the world segment. imagine a world where everything you do online is monitored. every single website you visit. the apps you use. all recorded by your government. not only that, encrypted data like e-mail, text messages, even your location can be deciphered with an easily obtainable wand. this is not science fiction. this will soon be a reality in the united kingdom. the investigatory powers backed both houses of parliament with little opposition and ratified by royal assent on tuesday. this is a sweeping piece of legislation that forces telecom companies to store everybody's data. your calls, texts, location data

for you. it also empowers law enforcement, allowing them to hack into devices. sounds extreme, it is. it will give the government vast powers to essentially spy on it's circumstances by their online activities. the u.s. whistle blower and fugitive edward snowden describes it as the most extreme surveillance in the history of western democracy. it goes further than many autocracies. such a law had no place in a modern democracy having it undermines our fundamental rights online. and the corporate world has weighed in with tech giants like apple, facebook, google, all highly critical. the bill has been rushed without proper scrutiny and includes vague measures that could be used by the government to force

tech companies to do whatever they ask. furthermore, the sbil believed to pose a direct threat to freedom of the press. as journalists and their sources will not be protected from the uk's government surveillance. the government argues it needs these measures to ensure national security. the bill will help fight crime from child abuse to trafficking to terrorism. but who will ensure the government doesn't ab use these broad powers. the bill says it'll introduce a powerful new investigatory power commissioner to oversee how the powers they use, but it is unclear how the commissioner will operate and who he or she will answer to. any requests the governments make to tech companies will be private, accompanied by a law to keep it that way. the public will be in the dark. and how does this differentiate the ukking from non-democratic governments like china that routinely spy on citizens and sensor news? what does it say about the state of the world that individual citizens can no longer expect

the basic right of privacy? everyone wants to prevent crime and heinous terrorist acts, but i wonder whether the unprecedented costs to our individual civil liberties is worth it in this case. i would argue it is not. every citizen should have the right to a basic level of privacy where the state cannot interfere without clear evidence of wrong doing or strong judicial oversight. that should be enshine shh ryned as a basic human right. the idea of bug dlekting data and finding criminals later is a flawed one at best and certainly undemocratic. next on gps, i'll tell you the inside story of the road to the nuclear deal with iran. it all might have started with an off the cuff answer from then senator obama in a 2007 debate. it's part of my upcoming documentary, the legacy of barack obama. i'll tell you about the deal and the doc when we come back. goesg ingredients are safe... to knowing they are.

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okay. please set your dvr are send yourself a meeting maker. whatever you need to do on wednesday night, december 7th, at 9:00 p.m. eastern. cnn will premier my new documentary. many could unravel when president trump moves into the white house. i will give you two exclusive sneak peeks. first, one of the bets that paid off and now seems to be in grave jeopardy. the nuclear deal with iran. how did america get there? take a look. >> good evening, and welcome, thank you very much. it was the answer heard around

the world. then senator obama had been thrown an unexpected question from an ordinary american. >> this is the cnn youtube debate. >> would he meet without preconditions with the leaders of iran, syria, venezuela, cuba, and north korea? >> i would. and the reason is this, that the notion that somehow not talking to countries is punishment to them, which has been the guiding diplomatic principle of this administration ridiculous. >> today, the statement might not seem extraordinary, but in 2007, it was practically revolutionary to see an american president would speak to strong men like iran and north korea's kim. >> constitute an access of evil. >> two-thirds of then president

bush's access of evil. >> certainly we're not going to just have our president meet with -- >> hillary clinton poked holes in obama's argument on stage that night. and the reviews were pretty unanimous. obama's answer was naive. >> are you kidding me? those are the last people i'd meet with in my first year. i'd never meet with those guys. >> but obama strategist david axelrod says that the future president was adamant on a phone call with staff. obama told them, we're not backing off at all. i actually think that was the moment when he found his voice in that campaign. because he realized that he was bringing a point of view that nobody else was going to bring. >> that voice continued when he was overrated. >> we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclench your

fist. >> iran in 2009 was a nation with a very tightly clenched fist. >> this is a country that had been hostile towards us and we'd been hostile towards for decades. >> but after just two months in office, obama decided to try something new on this old enemy. >> today i want to extend my very best wishes to all who are celebrating around the world. >> no ruse is the russian new year. >> for nearly three decades, relations have been strained. but at this holiday, we are reminded of the common humanity that binds us together. >> veteran middle east reporter robin wright was in iran when obama's message was delivered. >> it was electrifying impact had it had on people who believe for the first time, maybe the americans were serious about a dialogue. >> those hopes for a dialogue

became fears about a confrontation just six months later. >> good morning. >> obama along with czar co. sky and the uk's gourden brown made a stunning announcement. iran had been keeping an explosive secret. >> the islamic republic of iran had been building a covert urine yum enrichment facility for several years. >> this was one of those gotcha moments. and it was a worrying sign because it indicated iran had a much more advanced program. >> the crisis had an upside. it brought the world's most powerful nations together. the united states, germany, the united kingdom, france, and china, and russian were not all determined to stop iran from getting a nuclear weapon. there were fits and talks and negotiations, but little

progress to show until 2013. an auspicious year. the year the team that would crack the toughest issue in world politics all came together. >> so help me god. >> congratulations, mr. president. >> it was the year that president obama was inaugurated for the second time. and john kerry, a vietnam war vet, advocate of diplomacy took office as the new secretary of state. it was the year that the relatively moderate rouhani was elected the seventh president of iran. >> we are all endowed with free will -- >> and named mohamed zariff as kerry's counterpart. >> the credentials, the personal history of these four men was pivotal in pulling it off. it is doubtful that if any of four had been different we really would have gotten to this point. >> the importance of that chemistry began to be clear in september 2013.

it was the annual meeting of world leaders at the united nations in new york. secretary of state john kerry -- >> the united states and iran have not had their secretaries of state or foreign ministers talk in decades. >> but that was soon to change. >> we'll bring you in. we'll bring you in. >> after the meeting, kerry and zarif sat next to each other, the two diplomats went to another room at u.n. for what was supposed to be just a meet and greet. >> little room on the side of the security council, no windows. just the two of us. and a very small space i think taking stock in each other and of the situation. >> it turned into much more. >> i have just met with him now

on a side meeting. >> we stressed underneath to continue these discussions to give it the political emp thinks that it requires. >> these were the highest level talks between the united states and iran in decades. but that record didn't last long. >> it was just a 15-minute phone call, but one that was 34 years in the making. >> the highest level conversation between the two nations since 1979. >> a historic conversation as obama picked up the phone and called rouhani. the first dialogue between an american president and iranian leader since jimmy carter spoke to the last czar of iran. >> i believe we can reach a comprehensive solution. >> president obama was right, iran and the world powers did reach a comprehensive solution, but the road there was filled with twists and turns and much controversy in iran, in the united states, and around the world. on wednesday night at 9:00 p.m. eastern, we will take you all the way to the finish line.

the deal has now been in effect for almost a year, but it seems to be in jeopardy if you believe the promises of president-elect donald j. trump. what would it mean for the world if the united states pulled out of the deal? tune in wednesday night. next on gps, more from the special, including a conversation between a then little known senator from illinois and a very well-known senator from massachusetts. the chat that will go down in history. back in a moment. we've all been here. and here... and here. the answer is 8. bottom line, life is hard. that's why godaddy created website builder... it makes creating a website...easy.

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from my new documentary, the legacy of barack obama, we've conducted 18 interviews capturing somewhere north of 20 hours on tape. and the documentary will run about two hours. actually less if you take out all the ads. you do the math. there are extraordinary stories that we couldn't fit into the documentary. and i wanted to show you a few

of those stories now. you'll hear one from the president himself in just a moment, but to begin, first major hire obama made after he was elected is rahm emanuel. what do you think it says about him as a person that he wanted to swing through the fences? >> i hope you -- this is true about every one of the presidents, okay, they all want spot to swing through the fences. i have a theory. i'm saying this in humor, okay. so please don't edit this in a way that it doesn't come across wrong. okay. you leave the east wing, and you make it down the stairs and you walk over through -- to the oval office. you pass about -- i'm doing this by memory, two pictureses of everson, three of harold washington, two of both roosevelts, you know, you have a room next to the oval called the roosevelt. the nobel peace prize, can't we

just put a tyler in there. can't we put a pierce in there? you walk all these oil paintings of the great, the icons. what president doesn't to want swing for the fences? >> i think may make him slightly different is what personal, political price he's willing to pay for that public -- what he believes is a policy priority. where other people would not that they would do it, but they would then decide maybe we're going to go x percent and so i think swinging through the fences. every president, every one of us in public life share that ambition. i will say that in a very positive way. they want to lee their thumb mark. that's part of life. >> that was rahm emanuel, now may yore of chicago of course. next i want to play you >> was there a moment or a

period where you remember thinking to yourself, with that background, with the way you look, i could -- the american people could elect me president? >> i'm not sure there was a particular moment. certainly when i won the u.s. senate race in illinois, resoundingly, i thought this indicated that my basic belief that i could connect with people from all walks of life had been vindicated. because illinois is a pretty representative state. in fact, dmokemographers look t see what state captures you the best. and illinois is a good example, black, white, latino, asian, it's urban, it's rural. southern illinois is closer to southern culture. northern illinois is much more like a northern state.

and i got 70% of the vote and remained 70% of approval the most of the time that i was in the senate. so that gave me a sense that i could reach just about anybody. and that our message had resonance. believing that after only two years in the senate it was time for me to throw my hat in the ring, that was, i think, a more difficult process. and i still remember having a conversation with ted kennedy, who ended up becoming a dear friend to me. somebody who, i think, was one of the giants of american politics for decades. and he had gotten wind that some people were asking me about whether i should run or not. and he called me into his office, and teddy was always

telling stories and pointing out pictures of people that he had spent time with. and he would never go straight to the point. we sat there for a walk talking. and i remember him looking at me and he said, you know, you never know when history's calling. you never know exactly when the right moment is, but when it's there you have to seize it, you have to take a choice. because you don't know if it's going to come again. and i figured -- he had not endorsed me at that point and it wouldn't be for quite some time before he did, but i thought it was a reminder for me that i might have a chance to do something important and to kick down some doors that had been

closed previously, but more importantly to push america in the kind of inclusive, progressive direction that i've been working towards most of my life. don't miss the legacy of barack obama wednesday night at 9:00 p.m. eastern right here on cnn. next on "gps," hand over your driver's license and i'll give you some ramen. that's what japan is saying to a certain part of their population. just who is getting this noodle deal? find out when we come back. if you're totally blind, you may also be struggling with non-24. calling 844-844-2424. or visit my24info.com. premium like clockwork. month after month. year after year. then one night, you hydroplane into a ditch. yeah... surprise... your insurance company tells you to pay up again.

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last week the parliament of afghanistan voted unanimously to rename the capital of nazarbayev. the current capital astan ara brings me to my gps challenge question, which of the following countries has a capital city that, like astana, means

capital? this week "thank you for being late. by thomas friedman. agree or disagree with friedman, he reports on fascinating companies and countries, notices new technologies and trends and always writes with passion. and he always makes me think. now for the last look, taking aawant elderly person's driver's license can meet a loss of freedom, but in another country it could mean a gain of something else. ramen noodles. let me explain, japan's national police says there were nearly 5 million licensed drivers over the age of 75 in that country last year. that's more than double the number a decade ago. and there's been a spike in the number of accidents for that aging population of drivers. and according to the guardian, the prime minister shinzo abe pushed his government to reverse that trend. well, last week police in central japan launched a novel idea with a restaurant chain.

older citizens can now exchange their driver's licenses for discounted meals of ramen, rice and salad at more than 175 eateries in the area. this is just one of several incentives, discounts on taxi fares and bath facilities offered for driver's license trade-ins. the accidents are a problem that could keep getting worse in the oldest country. by 2040, more than a third of japan's population will be 65 or older according to mackenzie. and here in the united states roughly 20% of the population will be that age by then. so i say, for this reason, maybe bring on the driverless cars. the correct answer to the "gps challenge" question is c. seoul means capital. reykjavik means smoky bay. and pyongyang literally means flat land.

according to reuters, it looks like maps will not need to be reprinted. the same thing cannot be said for the country's currency. he appeared on the kourncurrenc the first time this week. thank you for attending my program. i'm see you next week. good afternoon. i'm joe johns in for fredericka whitfield with a much needed day off. at least 24 are dead in california after a burning warehouse fire. investigators fear the death toll could go much higher. the fire broke out as an electronic dance party was getting underway in a converted warehouse space. emergency