>> in the average man's life there are two or three emotional experiences burned into his heart and his brain. and no matter what happens to me i'll remember november 22nd as long as i live. >> there has been an attempt on the life of president kennedy. >> they are combing the floors of the texas book depository building to find assassin. >> did you shoot the president? >> i'm just a patsy. >> oswald has been shot, fired at point-blank range, into his stomach. >> police are working on the

assumption that oswald's murder was to shut him up. >> elements of the central intelligence agency killed john kennedy. >> a story that has been suppressed. witnesses have been killed. we have a right to know who killed our president and why he died. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪

in dallas, preparations were already under way for extraordinary police protection when the president should arrive. >> do you anticipate any trouble on the president's arrival? >> because of what has happened here previously we would be foolish, i think, not to anticipate some trouble. i don't -- really i don't anticipate any violence. >> here comes air force number one, the president's plane now touching down. there is mrs. kennedy, and the crowd yells. and the president of the united states. and i can see his sun tan all the way from here. >> looking at how things actually went, it wasn't just a trip to dallas, it was a political trip preparing for the 1964 elections. >> shaking hands now with the

dallas people, governor and mrs. connolly, governor connolly on your left. >> it was whether kennedy, using all his charisma and influence to get all the squabbling democrats in texas to come together before the election the next year. >> and here comes the president now. in fact he is not in his limo, he is reaching across the fence shaking hands. >> in those days everybody could get a lot closer to the president. i was standing behind mrs. kennedy and saw a hand reach through the chain link fence and break off one of the red roses. >> thousands of children now swarming, trying to get over the fence. the dallas police trying to keep them back. >> this is great for the people and makes the egg shells even thinner for the secret service, whose job it was to guard the man. >> the trip had gone terrifically well in texas. pretty hard to write a script for it going any better. >> thousands will be on hand for that motorcade now, which will be in downtown dallas.

>> a number of my classmates were gone, they were at the parade. my father had been invited to have lunch with kennedy at the trade center. there was a mood, a climate of excitement. >> the speech of president kennedy at the dallas trade mart will be broadcast by radio. stay tuned for the dallas speech at the trade mart. on 570 radio. ♪ ♪ ♪ work hard in the daytime rest easy at night ♪ ♪ big boss man won't you hear me when i call ♪ ♪ yeah big boss man won't you hear me when i call ♪ ♪ well you ain't so big you just tall and that's all ♪ >> this bulletin just into the

news. three shots were fired at the motorcade of president kennedy. today in downtown dallas. >> police radios are carrying that the president has been hit. >> parkland hospital has been advised to stand by for a severe gunshot wound. >> this is walter cronkite, in our newsroom. and -- there has been an attempt on the life of president kennedy. >> just turn the mic on. i can't hear you, johnny. what do you want? you want me to move back a little bit. is it all right now? is this all right? ladies and gentlemen, i would like to introduce to you the chief cameraman. and assistant news director. bert, we have brought the people pretty much up to date. would you tell them exactly what you know as of this point?

>> well, i was standing at the trade mart, waiting for his arrival there. all of a sudden we saw them approaching, they didn't slow down, as a matter of fact, they were going 70, 80 miles an hour past us. and then i jumped into a police car and went to parkland. >> these two men come in and one of them had a large machine gun and they were hollering for the stretchers and cots and everything. and the governor, they brought him in first. >> then what happened? >> then the president came in behind him and they took both of them back -- >> albert thomas, democrat of texas is standing outside the corridor of the emergency room said he has been told the president was still alive but in very critical condition. >> the president has not arrived here. a group of secret service men and other officials has gathered where the president normally would enter and discussing heatedly with one another some subject or other, of course we have no idea what.

>> now, here is an announcement from the platform. mr. eric johnson with an announcement. >> it is true, our president, governor connolly in the motorcade, have been shot. we shall tell you as much as we know as soon as we know anything. thank you. (vo) your love is purely thoughtful, purely natural, purely fancy feast. delicious entrées, crafted to the last detail. flaked tuna, white-meat chicken, never any by-products or fillers. purely natural tastes purely fancy feast.

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iit's where we end up.t, expedia. everything in one place, so you can travel the world better. z282sz zwtz y282sy ywty a gentleman just walked in our studio that i am meeting for the first time, as well as you. this is wfaa tv in dallas, texas.

may i have your name, please, sir? >> my name is abraham zapruder. >> zapruder? >> yes, sir. >> will you tell us your story. >> i got up about a half hour earlier, in order to get a good spot to shoot only pictures. my 5-year-old boy and myself were by ourselves on the grass on palmer street. and i asked joe to wave to him. and joe waved and i waved -- >> that is all right, sir. >> as he was waving back he was -- the shot rang out and he slumped down in his seat. >> and then this next one popped and governor connelly grabbed his stomach and kind of laid over to the side. and then another one. it was just all so fast and president kennedy reached up and grabbed -- looked like grabbed his ear and blood just started gushing out. >> did you see the person who fired it? >> no, i didn't see the person who fired the weapon. >> you only heard it? >> i only heard it and i looked up and saw this man running up this hill. >> if it's a conspiracy not only

the president was hit, the governor was hit. who knows if the next shot would have been for lyndon johnson. johnson's car pulls into the emergency bay at parkland hospital. four agents reach in and grab johnson and pull him out and start to run him down one corridor. looking for a safe place. >> mr. johnson, his whereabouts are being kept secret for security reasons. if anyone knows where mr. johnson is, it is not us at this moment. >> it was a signal moment in our cultural history. suddenly it occurred to us the right thing to do is turn on the television. >> reports continue to come in but in a confused and fragmentary fashion. >> president kennedy has been given a blood transfusion at parkland hospital here in dallas in an attempt to save his life. it was odd because there were no commercials. it was just a continuous experience. >> two priests have entered the emergency room at parkland

hospital where he rests after the assassination attempt which now was about a half hour ago. >> what are your feelings right now, ma'am? >> i'm absolutely shocked. stunned. we have the same birthday. i am just crazy about him. >> who would want to shoot the president? what did he do? i mean, he has been doing so much for the country. someone goes ahead and shoots him. >> a flash from dallas, two priests who say they were with president kennedy say he is dead of bullet wounds. this is the latest information we have from dallas. i will repeat with the greatest regret two priests who were with president kennedy say he has died of bullet wounds. >> the assistant press secretary was filling in for the regular press secretary. and then he had to draw himself

up to give the most fateful announcement that a press secretary might have ever had to give. >> all the cameras were rolling and i remember he put his fingers like this on the desk and pressed very hard to stop his hands trembling. >> john f. kennedy died at approximately 1:00 central standard time. today here in dallas he died of a gunshot wound in the brain. i have no other details regarding the assassination of the president. >> the people standing here are stunned just as all of us are beyond belief. that the president of the united states is dead.

>> all over the world people are going to remember all their lives what they were doing when they first heard that president kennedy had been killed. >> the crowds are standing around in silence and sorrow in the rain. the strange thing is you don't even notice it is raining. and if you do notice you don't care. >> i just can't believe it. i feel like someone in my own family has died. i just can't believe it. >> ma'am? >> i can't -- like a daze, you don't know what is going on. why? why did it happen? who would have done such a thing? is the question. >> in the first minutes and hours, chaos and confusion was radiating out from the scene itself. it was very pervasive. >> the secret service agents thought the gunfire came from an automatic weapon fired possibly

from a grassy knoll. >> i saw some police run up this grassy surface. i thought they were chasing a gunman and i ran with them. >> the report is that the attempted assassin, we now hear it was a man. and a woman. >> i got to the top, looked around. a policeman went over the fence so i went over the fence too. there was nothing there. >> a television newsman said he looked up just after the shot was fired and saw a rifle being withdrawn from a fifth or sixth floor window. >> it was originally thought that the shots came from here, and now it is believed the shots came from this building here. >> the police officers are running back to the texas school depository building. they are going to continue searching in that building for the would-be assassin of the president. >> in the federal downtown dlarks dallas, they are virtually in a state of siege. they are combing the area in an

effort to find the suspected assassin. >> in the building on the sixth floor we found an area near an area that had been partially blocked off by boxes of books and also the three spent shells that had apparently been fired from a rifle. >> crime lab lieutenant j.c. day just came out of that building with a british .303 rifle. >> it was a 7.65 mauser. >> a high-powered army or japanese rifle. >> a .3030 rifle. >> much of the first things you hear are going to be wrong and to some degree you were constantly trying to separate out what seemed to be a fact. >> dallas, a plas dallas policeman just a short while ago was shot and killed while chasing a system. suspect. >> j.d. tippit was shot three times in the chest in the oak cliff section of dallas. then the manager of a shoe store

saw the suspect walk into the texas theater. >> someone has been arrested in one of the downtown theaters. they don't know if it was the man who shot the policeman, or the person who actually shot president kennedy. >> police suddenly jumped this man and dragged him out of the theater. as the crowd started to break they grabbed this man and tried to run with him. they shouted "murder" and the officers hustled him into the car and ran away just as fast as they could. >> as we mentioned a short while ago a number of arrests have been made in dallas in the wake of president kennedy's death. we have scenes of one of those arrests in the downtown area. this is just after a dallas policeman was shot in the vicinity of a downtown movie house. >> paul bentley. >> how did you approach him? >> i approached him and as he approached him, the man hit

mcdonald in his face and then reached for his pistol. i grabbed him along with two or three other officers. >> what did he say after he was arrested? >> he just said this is it. it is all over with now.

this is a picture of him. he probably does not look exactly like this now after he has been questioned.

that's lee oswald. >> the president was shot. and a police officer is shot. and someone named lee harvey oswald is arrested. oswald may be a suspect in the assassination. who is he? >> lee oswald of dallas, a former marine who spent some time in russia who at one time had applied for soviet citizenship. >> the description that we had of the suspect in oak cliff was similar to the description we had and the man we were looking for as the assassin. but at that time we had not been able to connect it to him in any way. >> down in the third floor corridor, a crowd of cameramen reporters wait for the possible appearance of the man accused of killing president kennedy and a dallas police officer. >> now, apparently a great deal

of confusion. mr. oswald is put through the door. i don't know if you saw him, oswald lives at 1026 meckley. he is an employee of a book-binding firm in the building which the police and secret servicemen believe the president was shot today. >> mrs. kennedy accompanied the body in an ambulance from the hospital to the airport where it will be flown back to washington. >> everybody in the emergency room, the hospital was -- on the first floor they came and said we would have to remove the remains to a casket. >> lyndon johnson ordered that the body be brought immediately to air force one. so there was a little tug of war. they almost shook the crucifix off the top of the coffin as they were trying to get that coffin out of the hospital. >> took him out and put him in

the hearse, and one of the secret servicemen, well, about two or three of them got bo the hearse and just drove off and left the rest of the secret servicemen standing there. >> vice president johnson is expected to be sworn in as president aboard an airliner before flying back to the nation's capital. >> not everyone realized that johnson was already the president, because he in fact had taken the oath in january '61, the same oath the president takes. >> johnson wanted to show the american people that the government was functioning without interruption. and also perhaps he wanted to show that his predecessor's family bore him no ill will for the assassination. >> linden banes johnson is flying brack to washington to take the reins of government, at

which time president johnson will have to take the reins of the most powerful nation in the world. >> we see november 22nd, 1963 as a date the president was killed. but it was also a date when the president was created. >> is there any doubt in your mind chief that oswald is the man that killed the president? >> i think this is the man that killed the president, yes, sir. >> is there any evidence any one else may have been linked with odd oswald to this shooting? >> at this time we don't believe so. >> i don't know what this is all about. >> did you kill the president? >> no, sir, i didn't. >> sir? >> did you shoot the president? >> i work in that building. >> were you in that building at the time? >> naturally if i work in that building, yes, sir. >> back up, man. >> they're taking me in because of the fact that i am -- >> did you shoot the president?

>> i'm just a patsy. >> this is room 317, homicide bureau here at the dallas police station. as you see, they are bringing the weapon allegedly used in the assassination of president john f. kennedy this afternoon at 12:30 here in dallas. >> 6.5 made in italy in 1940. >> police have traced a rifle purchased in chicago by mail order to oswald. he bought it under the alias, of a. heidel. handwriting experts have confirmed that the hand writing on the purchase order was in fact made by oswald. the price of $12.78, the life of the president of the united states apparently was bought. >> in the wake of the kennedy assassination, the dallas police on the one hand were committing all of their resources to try and solve a crime. >> move in the doorway, get him in the doorway. >> on the other hand they were ill equipped to handle this tsunami of reporters.

>> well, i was questioned by a judge, but i protested at that time that i was not allowed legal representation. >> in bringing oswald out, they were of course doing something that you would never see happen today, but they were trying to cooperate with the press, with the understanding that there would not be questions shouted to him. >> did you kill the president? >> no, i have not been charged with that. in fact, nobody has said that to me yet. the first thing i heard about it was when the newspaper reporters in the hall asked me that question. >> you have been charged. >> sir? >> you have been charged? >> nobody said what? >> okay. >> what did you do in russia? >> oswald. >> how did you hurt your eye? >> a policeman hit me. >> at 1:35 this morning, a complaint was read.

it charged that quote, lee harvey oswald did voluntarily and with malice aforethought kill john f. kennedy by shooting him with a gun end quote following the reading of the complaint, oswald said, that's ridiculous. >> within hours of the assassination, it was very obvious to virtually everyone in dallas law enforcement that oswald had killed kennedy. >> chief, can you tell us in summery what directly links oswald to the killing of the president? >> well, the fact that he was on the floor where the shots were fired from immediately before the shots were fired. the fact he was seen carrying a package to the building, the fact that -- >> when was he carrying that package? >> yesterday morning. >> after the shooting in dealy

plaza, he was in the dilly plaza, he was the only one in the book depository that fled the building. 45 minutes later he shoots and kills officer j.d. tippit. by pulling a gun on an officer. during 12 hours of interrogation, the dallas police department over the weekend, he told one provable lie after another. >> did you buy that rifle? >> that's the facts you people have been given but i emphatically deny these charges. >> within a day or so thereafter when they discovered what a complete nut this guy was, they were satisfied beyond all reasonable doubt that oswald had acted alone. >> there's only one thing i can tell you without going into the evidence that this case is cinched, that this man killed the president. there is no question in my mind about it. >> we plan to transfer this man, not tonight, he will be here by no later than 10:00 in the morning. why, it will -- that will be early enough for him. >> chief, do you have any concern for the safety of your

prisoner in due of the high feeling among the people of the dallas over the assassination of the president? >> no, but cautions will be taken, of course. but i don't they the people will try to take the prisoner away from us. m. this new beneful grain free is so healthy... oh! farm-raised chicken! that's good chicken. hm!? here come the accents. blueberries and pumpkin. wow. and spinach! that was my favorite bite so far. (avo) new beneful grain free. out with the grain, in with the farm-raised chicken. healthful. flavorful. beneful.

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all right. let's move. >> lee oswald is to be taken soon to the county jail. >> that's true. >> and you are going to take him there how, sir? >> we are going to use an armored motor vehicle to take him. >> dallas police meant to transfer lee into the regular prison during the night to avoid the press, and then someone must have overruled them so that lee could be photographed by the press during the transfer. >> we're standing by waiting the transfer of oswald from city jail to county jail and for that report, here is abc's bill lord at the city jail. bill, what is the situation?

>> i'm presently in the basement of the dallas municipal building and it's like an armed camp. police officials are frankly worried. they don't want anything to happen to oswald. >> it is through this corridor of newsmen, photographers and policemen that lee oswald will be brought to a vehicle for transfer to the dallas county jail, a distance of about 15 blocks, which ironically is just across from the scene where president kennedy was assassinated on friday. >> anticipation has built up here in downtown dallas in front of the county jail. they are waiting for a glimpse of lee oswald. >> there he is. here he comes. >> the prisoner. >> let me have it. i want it. >> being led out by captain fritz. >> there is lee.

he's been shot. he's been shot. lee oswald has been shot. there is a man with a gun. it's absolute panic. absolute panic here in the basement of the dallas police headquarters. detectives have their guns drawn. there is no question about it. oswald has been shot at point blank range fired into his stomach. >> he's shot. he is shot. oswald -- >> it is oswald. >> did he shoot the man? >> or do you know? >> that's the man that shot the man. >> immediately after the shooting, our only witnesses that we could talk to were other reporters. >> where did he go pierre? >> he was here. they just put the gun there. i saw the flash on the black sweater. >> did you see the gun to his stomach? >> i saw right here. he was in a group of men right here. >> masquerading as one of us or what? >> i thought it was one of the detective. he had a hat. >> the situation is now that lee harold oswald has been shot.

the man who saw the shot fired said it was fired by a man wearing a black hat, a brown coat, a man that everyone down here thought was a secret service agent. we can hear sirens outside and ambulance apparently is moving down now into the basement. here comes the ambulance. and oswald will be removed now. the ambulance is being pulled up in front of us here. here comes oswald, he's -- he is ashen and unconscious at this time, now being moved in. he is not moving. he's in the ambulance now. attendants, police are quickly moving in. the ambulance is leaving dallas police headquarters. where will he be taken? >> i'm assuming parkland hospital. >> parkland hospital. ironies of ironies, the place

where president john f. ken dpi died. >> roll. >> i believe the man -- >> don't take the microphone. keep your head up. let's start again. what is your reaction to the shooting of oswald? >> well, i think it's a deplorable situation. the man is entitled to a fair trial. >> they should give him a fair trial because killing him just like that ain't nothing. because that ain't going to bring president kennedy back to life. and after you get him, let him out and on the street and let the people kill him. >> they should not only shoot him but cut him up in the pieces. >> put him everywhere in the fire and set it up and for a next day and the next day start again. >> thank you. >> the man that i believe i didn't see it. i think it's the man. >> you got him? what does he look like? >> i can't give you a description now. he is known locally. >> immediately after the ambulance left, somehow i begun

to suspect that maybe the shooter was someone who was known to the police. >> do you know this subject? do you know him? have you seen him before? >> yes, i do. >> is he from dallas? >> yes. >> he is -- >> i couldn't tell you. >> do you know what kind of business he happens to be in? >> bob, i wouldn't want to say. >> right. >> dallas city hall is normally a public building, but today it was really under armed guard. >> we -- is this a confirmed report as to who did the shooting? >> as far as i know. >> vic robertson from city hall hall reports that jack ruby, the owner of the carousal, which is a bar in dallas did the shooting. >> my statement will be very brief.

oswald expired at 1:07 p.m. >> he died? >> he died at 1:07 p.m. we have arrested the man. the man will be charged with murder. >> who is he? >> the man -- the suspect's name is jack rubenstein, i believe. he goes by the name of jack ruby. >> and here at associated press, a still picture of the moment, the splint second as the shot was fired. this is the man dallas police have identified as jack rubenstein and this of course is lee harvey oswald. you see the gun in the hand of ruby and just about to be fired. >> i know my own feelings were and i think they were widely shared by many, if not most americans. this can't be coincidental.

the assassin is assassinated in the police station. what in the hell is going on? >> just learned from city hall from an authoritative source, that police are working on the assumption that there, indeed, a connection between jack ruby and lee oswald. and that in some manner of speaking, oswald's murder was to shut him up. >> captain fritz has just told me that ruby said he did it, that it was his gun and that he had built up a tremendous grievance over the death of the president. >> in jack ruby's small mind, he thought he would be a hero. he killed the guy who killed the president. >> i commend what he did. i think he ought to win the congressional honor for it and a lot of other good american citizens think he did the right thing in shooting down this communist. >> word also in just now from dallas that homicide chief

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our nation is bereaved. the whole world is poorer because of his loss but we can all be better americans because john fitzgerald kennedy has passed our way. because he has been our chosen leader at a time in history when his character, his vision and his quiet courage have enabled him to chart a course for us, a safe course for us through the shoals of treacherous seas that encompass the world.

and now that he is relieved of the almost superhuman burden we imposed on him, may he rest in peace. ♪ ♪ dallas today had even more to mourn. it held funeral services for one of its own who was a victim of friday's tragedy. officer j.d. tippit. >> it was a funeral of a very different sort today in nearby fort worth. this was the dreary funeral of lee harvey oswald.

the mourners included his mother, his wife, his brother robert, and oswald's two children, one was a babe in arms. the six pal bearers you see here are newsmen, there were not enough relatives or friends on hand to serve as pallbearers. >> now there is a new flag of the president of the united states flying in the white house. in president kennedy's old oval office, mrs. evelyn lincoln, his secretary and her aids removed every scrap, every vestige of the signs of the personal touches of president kennedy. >> we know from history that one test of society is how do they handle the transfer of power at the top? lyndon johnson, whatever you thought of him, a lot of people disliked him greatly, some hated him would be the president of the united states. i think it shouted about the

strength of the country and that we swear by the rule of law. >> the president of the united states. [ applause ] >> my fellow americans, all i have i would have given gladly not to be standing here today. >> johnson knows he has to show the country that the ship of state is sailing on under a new captain but at the same time he can't appear to be too anxious to assume power and he has to keep the kennedy people on board

with him. so that speech means everything. >> no words are strong enough to express our determination to continue the forward thrust of america that he began. [ applause ] >> the people of europe cannot believe a loan avenger made his way into a major police station and killed without difficulty the most celebrated and infamous criminal in the united states. >> one of the most important things that happened after oswald's murder was that we were forever denied the why. people at the time believed he did it. the question was why. >> there's questions continually coming up about the possibility of an international plot.

>> there's still this idea that the russia might be behind it or cuba might be behind it. johnson sees it as a real danger in that we want to put these rumors to rest. >> investigations may not be limited to the state of texas or the fbi. some congressmen already suggested a congressional investigation. >> killing a president wasn't the federal crime at the time so you had the federal government intervening in still what was a local murder. there was a concern of competing investigations. there was the dallas criminal investigation. there was the state of texas court of inquiry and there were committees on both sides of congress while of course the fbi had been given the job to conduct a full scale investigati investigation. >> johnson realizes something has to be done. he realizes that he has to appoint a body that the public will respect to look into this.

>> i've got to have a top blue ribbon commission to investigation the assassination. >> there's one public governmental official in the united states universally respected for his integrity and it's the chief justice of the supreme court, earl warren. if there's one person in congress that everyone respects it's richard russell of georgia. he has to get them both on the commission. there is however a problem, russell is a segregationist through and through and despises warren for the decisions that he made on the court. >> johnson thought if they could agree on a verdict that that ought to satisfy 90% of american public opinion. >> 2191. >> i'm highly honored you would think about me in connection with it but i couldn't sit in there with chief justice warren.

i don't like that man. >> you can serve with anybody for the good of america and you're going to do it. i can't arrest you and i'm not going to put the fbi on you but you're going to serve, i can tell you that. >> lyndon johnson was known as the greatest sales man that ever lived so he meets first with warren and he said if i asked you to put on your uniform and fight for america you'd do it. i'm asking you to fight for america in a different way. johnson has to get ben russell. >> mr. president please. >> it's already done. it's been announced. i gave the announcement. it's already in the papers. >> i think you did wrong getting warren. i'll do the best i can. >> that's what you'll do. that's the kind you are. you could fill a book

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the warren commission appointed friday night will investigate and make a report on the murder. as yet it has said nothing about how it will proceed or when. in the meantime again the fbi is investigating every lead it can find and will turn it's report over to president johnson probably this week. >> it was the fbi's hope that it's report would be if not the

final word the semifinal word and that the commissions job would be to read it and essentially endorse the findings of the report. >> the members of the warren commission, earl warren, john sherman cooper, jeremy ford, allen dulles, hale boggs, richard russell and john j.mc j.mccloy realized they had to do an independent investigation. >> there's three they had to grapple with. did oswald commit the physical act of the murder and even if he did the fizz alabaphysical act e forces behind him and then of course what's ruby's involvement in this. >> you had various branches

interviewing witnesses and gathering evidence and bringing it back to the commission. >> there were questions, how would they deal with the different stories about shooters from the grassy nole and different directions. >> they took 395 depositions and 94 witnesses appeared before the commission. >> lyndon johnson wants the report out so it doesn't interfere with the election in november. >> warren left for dallas. he spent his early career a courtroom prosecutor. he wanted to sit in the lyndon and see if this is a shot a marksman could make. there was all of these suggestions that ruby killed oswald to silence him. >> the warren commission realized they were going to have to invest a lot more time than was anticipated. maybe 2 to 3 month operation to

the conception that they'll probably take six months. >> the hour glass of time was running out on them. >> can you say if you still think there is one man? >> we better not get into that area. the report will cover all of that in great detail. >> labored ten months and then brought forth a document close to 1,000 pages. president johnson received that report today. >> what the public understood and what i understood is these were very honorable men. they thought the commission had done a good job and they would come up with an answer. >> when the warren commission report came out, i believed it. we were still in a time when you tended to believe what officials told you. >> it is now 15 seconds after 6:30 p.m. eastern daylight time

sunday september 27th. as of this moment the report of the president's commission is public record for the next half hour we will search it for answers. the answers to the great overriding questions. who killed john f. kennedy. the commission answers lee harvey oswald. was oswald acting alone or was he a member of a conspiracy? the commission answers he act add loan. >> we knew most people were not going to read all the warren commission report so cbs news wanted to be able to bring to air an understandable form for the public at large. >> there was nothing to support the speculation that oswald was an agent, employee or informant of the fbi or the cia or any other governmental agency. >> oswald owned the murder rifle. the mail order purchase slip was in his handwriting.

oswald's palm print was found on the surface of the gun. >> the media all concluded this was the most exhaustive investigation. case closed. oswald did it alone. >> the commission concludes that three shots were fired. all of them from this 6th floor window. >> ballistic experts and medical authorities demonstrated that the shots were fired from above and behind president kennedy. >> when the warren commission came out with their report the majority of americans accepted the findings of the warren commission. >> it came out here below the president's adam's apple. the same bullet then entered the right shoulder of governor connolly and passed out through his chest and continued through his right wrist and into his left thigh. >> the report has been generally accepted throughout the country.

i think it reflects the fairness with which they went into it and i think at least it has dispelled many of the rumors and the speculations that surrounded this tragic event. >> quite satisfied and it's been very well covered entirely. leaves no doubt in my mind that lee actually did assassinate the president of the united states. >> we find confronting each other, the liar, the misfit, the defector on one hand and distinguished americans on the other and we must be careful that we do not say too much. oswald was never tried for any crime and perhaps therefore there will forever be questions of substance and detail raised by amateur detectives and skeptics and serious students as well. we are the jury all of us in america and throughout the world. >> the reaction was initially

very positive but that didn't last long. >> it was the number one best seller in the country. rush to judgment. it has a number of lereaders. >> we did not invision the scope of the criticism. >> the author has highly controversial things to say. please greet mr. mark lane. >> no matter how who the members were we weren't going to be assured by the commission. >> we're already having a disagreement here. >> i think i disagree almost totally with mark lane on several counts. i don't know where to begin. >> let me show you some. that's a picture of jack ruby taken five minutes after the assassination. the commission said ruby was not there. this is a picture showing how the commission published it. he wasn't there when he published the picture because they cropped him out.

>> chief justice warren and that commission -- tell me something about some facts instead of your deep faith in the chief justice. >> you are part of the media that prevented the american people from finding out what happened until now. >> you are alarming the american people. >> i say the american people should be alarmed. >> the public had been kept in the dark for so long about this but had an undying thurst that could only be quenched by getting facts. >> we have a right to know who killed our president and why he died and we can't get that from reading the warren report. >> the critics have three different points of view. one we were incompetent. two we were corrupt. and then there's those that say both of the above. i want someone to tell me that to my face. ] tora bora allujah argonne khe sanh midway dak to normandy medina ridge

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the newsstands and in the super markets. now according to a poll only 1 in 3 americans remains convinced that the warren report has the whole story. >> when you have a great number of people devoting their lives to looking at every word, every comma, they can create a lot of mischief. >> i believe very firmly that ruby and oswald knew each other and certainly they knew each other. >> before we proceed with that kind of questioning, let me ask you, what kind of conspiracy do you think? was it a communist? left wing? right wing conspiracy? >> i am convinced that there were two riflemen. >> the warren commission was set up at the request or urging of the communist party. >> he was working for somebody else at that moment and that somebody else could not be anyone else but castro. >> there's no possibility of him

having been in the 6 floor window. >> there was an entire world of assassination buffs. some raised valid questions. >> could a bullet have come out looking like bullet 399. >> it's another one of the very many highly improbables that we're asked to accept by the warren commission if we're to accept the validity of their full report. >> some have completely mad theories. >> was killed by karate chop to the throat in september of 1964. >> but everyone i believed had a right to give their views. >> you have apparently succeeded in persuading the majority of the american people that we can't trust the most conceivable panel to do a responsible job. >> you talk about faith in these institutions or faith in the fbi

as if it's a religious experience to read the warren report. to the contrary. and reach our fact in the own conclusion. >> the decreasing trust by americans all started with the kennedy assassination. >> by 1966 there's a cultural revelation in the united states. we're in vietnam and there's a lot of protests and ryeiots and there's a sense that things have gone wrong. we have gone off the rails since november 1963 and the warren report is a very important part in that loss of confidence in the government. >> i don't think all the facts were brought out. i think something was held back. >> i think they were more involved in it than just oswald. >> i don't know how they could reach a conclusion that one person assassinated him. that's ridiculous. i saw the whole thing on

television and i happened to be at home at that time. i don't think that oswald, i think he was working for the cia myself. >> why doesn't america believe the warren report? >> because of the conspiracy theorists that put this case under a high powered microscope splitting hairs and then splitting split hairs. the kennedy case is now the most complex murder case by far in world history. nothing even remotely comes close. >> we are left with a series of critical questions about the assassination. questions which have not been answered to the satisfaction of the people of the united states. >> when president kennedy was killed he was not killed by one man he was shot from a number of different directions by different guns. the story has been suppressed and witnesses have been killed and this is your country. >> we're not trying to hide a thing from you. we are laying it all out.

and a possibly into a probably then we're delighted to have you point it out to you but you can do so only because we laid it on the line. >> the warren report said that lee harvey oswald shot the president from his window in the texas school book depository. three years after kennedy's assassination the major question is a simple one. did the warren commission with all of that time and all of these resources get it's answers right. tonight we'll go over those arguments one by one area by area. as the assassination was taking place a dallas business man today behind that locon crete wall look down at elm street. >> as it's coming down from houston street making its turn, it was about halfway down there i heard a shot and then i heard

another shot or two. i couldn't tell if it was one or two and i saw his head practically open up. all blood and everything and they kept on shooting. >> the warren commission could use the film and each frame to reconstruct each moment of the assassination. >> part of the reason why i think the film captured the american imagination is because it pushes us to think about something more complex and each person that looks at it, people see different things. >> where did the shots come from? if the shots did not all come from the book depository window then there was most likely some form of conspiracy. >> i think that the massive head wound where the president's head was literally blown apart came from a quartering angle on the grassy knoll. he struck and his head goes back and over this way which would be consistent with a shot from that direction and newton's law of

motion. >> 7 men on the railroad bridge said they looked toward the wooden fence and each saw puffs of white smoke come from here. >> underneath that green tree you can see a little puff of smoke. it looked like a puff of steam. >> when you stop to think about it no one saw anybody with a gun, rifle on the grassy knoll, no cartridges were found there. not one bullet other than those fired from oswald's gun has ever been found or linked to the assassination. >> two doctors and one priest that said bluntly that there were entrance wounds in the president's neck. >> if the wound in the president's throat was an entrance wound then clearly this would be proof that the bullet came from the front. >> suggested that this wasn't an exit wound but an entry wound. that kennedy was hit in the

throat from the front. dr. parkland didn't want to talk about the president's injuries but they forced him to. the wound was pretty clear. he thought it was an entrance wound. >> what about this wound that you observed in the front of the president's neck. >> actually i didn't really give it much thought and realize perhaps it would have been better had i have done so. >> there was a wound in the back of the neck that had not been seen by the doctors because they never turned the body over. >> you did not turn the president over. >> no, there was no reason to. it made very little difference to me since my immediate concern was attempted resuscitation. >> you can explain this and people will only remember that dr. parkland said he had been shot from possibly the front. so it's kind of trying to put the genie back in the bottle.

>> bullet hit him from the back. bullet hit him from the front. bullet that killed him came from the right front unless the laws of physics were not working that day the reaction of the president tells us where that shot came from. >> some critics say by the very fact that in the picture you can clearly see the bullet on the front side of the president that that certainly indicates the bullet came from the front. >> well, i don't believe any fi ever said that. it's a minor explosion where pieces of material go generally in the direction of the bullet. >> if you look at the individual frames, at frame 312, president's head is okay. at frame 313, the president is struck in the head and what

direction is the president's head pushed. not backwards but slightly forward. >> is there any doubt that the wound at the back of the president's head was the entry wound? >> there is absolutely no doubt, sir. >> to at the all important moment of impact the president's head is pushed forward indicating a shot from the rear where lee harvey oswald was. instead of allergy pills. it delivers a gentle mist experience to help block six key inflammatory substances. most allergy pills only block one. new flonase sensimist changes everything.

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>> the president was hit first and hit second. >> cbs news had a tower and target track constructed to match the heights and distances. >> if there wasn't enough time then you would have a second shooter. >> oswald was not an expert shot. he was a good shot but making the shot was not that tough at all. cbs did it. a guy from the military did it. >> those three shots he got off

in 2.6 seconds. >> it became the lenses through which the assassination was scene. if it didn't happen on the film it didn't happen. he started his camera after the limousine was about 70 feet into the plaza. oswald had the president in his sights for many seconds before that and this gets into the whole question of how much time did oswald have to shoot the president. >> there are so many interesting questions and problems that come from the film. we believe so much in the image. we believe so much in the sort of ultimate truth of film and of images. and then they become our memory. >> is it impossible that the bullet would have gone through president kennedy, gone through governor connolly and not suffered any more damage than is shown in this photograph? >> i would hesitate really to say that it's absolutely 100% impossible but it is highly

improbable. >> could a single bullet have wounded both president kennedy and governor connolly? the single bullet theory has become the most controversial aspect of the report. >> if warren commission couldn't prove one shot hit both men, that there were two shooters, there's a conspiracy. the conspiracy theorists claim that the second shot was the magic bullet. they argue that a bullet would have had to make a right turn and then a left turn in midair. the reality was that connolly was not seated directly in front of kennedy. >> if you figure out the alignment of where the men sat and if you look down as i did and as others did that conducted the on site test and had the audibau automobile placed in the position, the bullet that exited from president kennedy's throat would have to strike either the

automobile which it did not or somebody else in the automobile. >> to believe that it didn't hit governor connolly, that would be a real magic bullet, one that disappeared in thin air. >> dallas county courthouse for more developments on the jack ruby verdict. >> jack ruby has been found guilty of murder with malice and the maximum sentence death in the electric chair after the jury deliberated 2 hours and 25 minutes. >> what do you think of this verdict? >> i believe that jack ruby was a paid killer to close the mouth of my son lee harvey oswald. >> the question of whether ruby knew oswald before or was in cahoots to kill him someone of the most important questions. ruby knew people in criminal activities. there was a lot of investigation about a potential conspiracy. >> ruby would have been one of the most unlikely and worst hit men that the mob could ever get.

>> at 10:00, the evidence is undisputed that jack ruby was at home asleep. then he got dressed and drove downtown. >> the receipt shows ruby sending a money order to one of his strippers at a western union across from the courthouse at 11:17 a.m. at 11:20, three minutes later a block away jack ruby killed lee harvey oswald. the evidence showed he was down there anywhere from 5 to 15 seconds. 5 to 15 seconds. if this this is a hired assassin that's supposed to have some advanced information he is the world's best timer. >> what type of man is he? >> jack is a very emotional type person and as i was saying

awhile ago he's the type man that would probably give you the shirt off his back at one moment and then turn around and do something as nutty as this one the next. >> i never use the term angry, that's not in my vocabulary. >> he was known for a quick temper and later as it turned out, he was hooked on two kinds of speed. at the time of the shooting. >> he had been here at the police station during the past two days talking with news men and distributing his card. >> jack ruby was a police and media groupie. ruby thought he was our friend. >> i'm in this same room friday night when we had the defendant up here and some of you will recall he asked a question, standing right back here and i didn't know who he was. i thought he was a member of the press and he told me as we walked out of here that he was a night club operator. >> ruby's act was that of a

vigilan vigilante. he wanted people to flock to his night club to shake the hand of the man that killed the man who killed the president. >> i might add, if ruby silenced oswald for the mob, who was supposed to silence jack ruby. he died of normal causes over three years later. now one would think that the conspiracy community would fold it's tent and go home but they continued undaunted and unphased with this obsession. >> their game is to fool you. these people want the investigation stopped. they don't want a trial at all. please believe me. (vo) your love is purely thoughtful, purely natural, purely fancy feast. delicious entrées, crafted to the last detail. flaked tuna, white-meat chicken, never any by-products or fillers. purely natural tastes purely fancy feast.

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it voinvolves the spectacul district attorney of new orleans. the man they call the jolly green giant. >> do you believe lee harvey oswald did not shoot president kennedy? >> i don't want to get involved with speculations of individuals but there's no question about the fact that there was a plot and there were a number of individuals involved. >> in 1967 he announced i have

solved the case. i found the real assassin. >> we will make arrests based on that and we will make charges based on that and we will obtain convictions based on that. >> you wouldn't have paid much attention to this except he was district attorney of new orleans. >> i have spent hour after hour with jim garrison. he has presented his case to me detail by detail. >> the mark lanes and conspiracy theorists flocked to him. >> a powerful domestic force, a force that is still part of the american structure planned an initiated those acts that resulted in the assassination of president kennedy. >> they all thought here's a guy that's finally going to bring the case that we have been, you know, arguing about for years. >> if i v seem quite confident it's because our office is in it's fifth year and has never

lost a murder case. >> the press initially built garrison up because everybody believes no district attorney in his right mind would do this unless he had something. >> arrested this evening in the district attorney's office was clay shaw, age 54 of 1313 dauphine street. he will be charged in participation in conspiracy to murder john f. kennedy. >> the charges have not been in just or in law. in due course i will be afforded an opportunity to prove my innocence. >> clay shaw was a very well respected business man in new orleans. he had been distinguished soldier during world war ii. >> i knew clay shaw and the concept of clay shaw as being

part of an assassination conspiracy was too weird to be believed. >> he was also a homosexual and closeted and i think that played a part. >> this decision to arrest clay shaw i believe was intended to get the national media back to town. as soon as he arrested clay shaw they all came back. >> and then they realized the truth that there isn't anything there. >> garrison has based his case on the certainty that he can prove clay shaw. the name was first introduced by dean andrew that told the warren commission a person by that name telephone him suggesting he provide legal defense for lee oswald. >> he described him as having gay tendencies and representing gays as a lawyer. therefore, fwgarrison believed that must be clay shaw.

that was the extent of garrison's investigation. >> do you have enough evidence now to go to trial? >> well, if i answered that i shouldn't be district attorney. >> the case he built against clay shaw is based on testimony that did not pass a lie detector test that garrison ordered and garrison knew it. >> can you say positively that the person you knew is now the person you have seen as claw shaw. >> scouts honor, he is not. >> garrison started bribing witnesses, intimidating witnesses. >> he said i would be made to serve this whole sentence or cut loose right away. >> we decided to give him objectifying machinery to make sure that he was telling the truth. >> leon. does he have a last name? >> oswald. >> would you say his methods were illegal? >> very illegal and unethical.

>> he had everyone and their grandmother involved in the assassination. the oil millionaires and minute men and then it was a homosexual killing. >> do you feel that homosexuality or coercion was a factor in the assassination of john f. kennedy. >> no comment. >> he had 16 assassins in the plaza. i don't know how he made it to the autopsy table. >> he announced he discovered a code. jack ruby's unlisted telephone number appears in address books belonging to shaw and oswald. >> p gives you 7, oh gives you 6. >> he just changed the digits around, added digits, added letters. >> and you reconstruct the numbers and then you subtract 1,300 and that gives you ruby's unlisted telephone number. >> if it didn't exist until late '65 how could it then be jack ruby's phone number. >> that's a problem for you to

think over because you obviously missed the point. >> whenever anyone would expose garrison he would say they're cia agents. >> who is suppressing this information? >> i'll tell you who, the federal government is suppressing it. >> who? >> the administration. the administration of your government is suppressing it because they know that the central intelligence agency -- >> on whose order? >> on the order of the president of the united states. >> mr. garrison has come up with no credible evidence to support any of these theories. >> i think it's unfortunate that the media of this country has become so hysterical for fear of what it might see that it spends a good deal of its time and energy attacking the one serious investigation. >> the results of this four months of public investigation have been to damage reputations to spread fear and suspicion and worst of all to exploit the nation's sorrow and doubts about president kennedy's death. >> i can't make more comments

about the case to say anybody that this it's just a theory is going to be awfully surprised when it comes to trial. >> clay shaw trial. >> clay shaw came to court in good spirits today with his long awaited trial underway shaw seems almost relieved that his case is finally being heard. shaw sits quitely in this courthouse. he does not react when the state talks about things like conspiracy. >> the trial went on for six weeks. it's important to note that not one witness produced by garrison survived cross examination. they were all proven to be unreliable at best. >> it was the most shameful thing you have ever seen. everyone knew in the courtroom that clay shaw couldn't possibly have been more innocent. >> in a unanimous verdict by a 12 man verdict shaw was found not guilty of charges that he conspired to kill the late

president john kennedy. >> clay, my first question, why did you do it? >> after the not guilty verdict editorials around the country said it's one of the darkest chapters in american history. it's just a crime. >> from what i saw and heard i didn't think he had proven clay shaw's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. >> i think he feels that the end justifies the means and he felt that if he could bring to the american people what he considered the truth about the death of their president, any means whatsoever, it doesn't matter much who got hurt in the process. >> i would sum it up by saying that any society which allows a man like jack kennedy to have the top of his head torn off and then protects the assassins and obstructs any inquiry and

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>> at one time or another they accused 42 groups, 82 assassins and 214 people have been involved in the assassination. >> could oswald really have done this? >> as a reporter the greatest

story for us would have been to find out that somebody other than oswald did it. at every turn things pointed to oswald as not only a shooter but the shooter as the only shooter. >> at its core this is a very simple case. >> i don't know what this is all about. >> if a person is innocent of a crime, chances are there's not going to be any evidence pointing to his guilt. why? because he's innocent. but with oswald the physical evidence, the direct and circumstantial evidence, scientific evidence, everything points toward his guilt. we'll never know why he killed kennedy because he's dead but there's certain things we do know. >> at the age of 13 a probation officer said he was a troubled boy in need of psychiatric help without which he might turn violent. >> after starting in high school

he promptly joined the marines. his marine career ended in 1959 when he was dishonorably discharged. later he was in moscow where he renounced his american citizenship. >> that is not mean that i am a communist. >> he wants to be a soviet citizen and renounce his american citizenship. they turn him down, what does he do? slashes his wrists and tries to commit suicide. >> he had dreams of delusions he had been harboring for a long time. an act that would lift him of his security. >> a squad mate of his in the mar reens said that oswald wanted to do something that 10,000 years from now people would be talking about.

>> it looks to me like a irrational act. he wanted to make his mark on society. >> people that think oswald was such an ineffectual innocent person said a policeman gets out unarmed to talk to him and oswald shoots him four times in the middle of the body. that plus his previous attack on general locker. >> interestingly on saturday morning in the dallas morning news it said there may be a connection between this guy just arrested for killing a police officer and president kennedy and this effort to assassinate general walker back in april. >> oswald used to attend a small discussion group and he began to rail against this right wing general that was coined for the invasion of cuba. >> general walker was about as right wing as you got in the early 60s and oswald saw walker

as a american adolph hitler. >> and oswald said someone should kill walker. he then ordered a rifle with a sniper scope and he planned very meticulously his assassination of general walker. he took photographs from different angles. he figured out how to get his rifle there and how to escape. >> on march 31st, a sunday, he asked marina to come out and take his photograph. >> all in black, pistol, rifle in his hand, holding a few radical newspapers and marina writes on the back hunter of facists and dates it april 6th, 1963. >> and then he went on the night of the 10th of april, took up his place and shot at general

walker. >> he come in the house 11:30. he was so pale. nervous. i said what happened and he told i tried to shot general walker. >> general will you describe for us just what happened last night? >> rifle shot was fired into the house. fired through the west window and hit the sil and hit the wall wall across the room and went over the desk in which i was sitting. >> he was very sdisdisappointed find out that he missed. i think that was kind of the rosetta stone that if you understood the walker shooting, you understood that lee was like a cocked rifle, and he could go off any time.

>> there was a notion about the kennedy assassination among many americans about the affair. all that power and majesty went down in an instant by one skinny little character. there's a jacket that's reflective for visibility... ...a sleeping bag jacket, jackets that turn into tents. i usually do my fashion sketches on the computer. i love drawing on the screen. there's no lag time at all. it feels just like my markers. with fashion, you can dress people and help people. it's really cool to see your work come to life.

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it is true that the answers to some questions leave us restless. the theory that a single bullet struck down both the president and the governor, for example, has too much of the long arm of coincidence about it for us to be entirely comfortable. >> it doesn't satisfy our sense of narrative or justice that a small person of no distinction could be of such historical consequence as to kill the president of the united states. >> but what would be more comfortable? believing that a shot was fired from a second assassin who

materialized out of thin air for the purpose of firing a shot, and then gathered again into thin air leaving no trace of himself, his rifle, his bullet or any other sign of existence. >> there were two groups of people. there was one group that will look at an extraordinary coincidence, a cataclysmic consequence and say, yes, that's the way the world works. there is another group that would say it's quite unsettling. >> they don't want to believe that something so random could have occurred. could you believe you could step off a curb someday and be killed by an oncoming car? nobody believes it in that kind of possibility for themselves, but it happens. is life that fortuitous, that uncertain? >> for them the notion of conspiracy is more comforting than the absence of it. if there is a conspiracy, at least there is a plan. >> i think the five bullets

fired from at least two different directions is a result of a conspiracy. >> kennedy's killing touches off a belief in the idea you can't trust government. >> there has been a loss of morale, a loss of confidence among the american people toward their own government and the men who serve it. that is perhaps more wounding than the assassination itself. >> they've lost so much faith in government that they actually think that the government is an accessory after the fact to the president's murder. it can't get too much worse than that. >> the assassination changed the trajectory of the '60s. america was a different place on the day before john f. kennedy was killed. in america in the 20th century, you look at america in the '60s, you really say that day was a

dividing point. >> i'm guessing the average mn's life two or three most emotional experiences he doesn't forget because they're burned into his heart and his brain. and no matter what happens to me, i'll remember november 22nd as long as i live. it's impossible for me now to this day, and i'm sure 10 years from now, to board the bus without looking at the school x repository building, and it's hard for me to walk past the capitol building and not remember when kennedy spoke there. >> kennedy, gerald ford, nixon, jimmy carter, the two bushes, even bill clinton, people didn't remember what they d but they remember their rhetoric. and they remember the images.

>> ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. >> this is what people wish for again in the government. they want someone who inspires them, who gives them hope, for whom they have a kind of admiration. kennedy's standing and hold on the public will only fade until we get a president who they feel like they felt about kennedy.

the average time spent watching television is five to six hours per day. >> holy residuals! >> there's a reason for calling it the boob tube and the idiot box. >> let's change the channel. >> we want to rap about our scene. >> here is new york. >> we must give the american viewer the kind of television he both desires and deserves. >> let's try to do it again and see what comes out this time. >> television has grown