culture to a large degree. slip on the television set. it's had a profound influence on this entire nation. and it has to be affirmed. a new breeze is is e blowing is and a world refreshed by freedom seems reborn. >> tanks heading towards the russian parliament. >> there is no place for lawless aggression in the new world order that we seek to create. >> unemployment will be growing again by election day. >> i will not sell out to anybody but the american people. >> i believe that together we can rekindle that american dream. >> the day of the dictator is over.

what more fitting to 1989 than a party at the berlin wall. thousands of people have gathered at the wall.

many of them armed with hammers and chisels to chip away at a communist system that seeped to collapse overnight. >> this e enormous celebration that was spontaneous overshadowed the official ceremony attended by the leaders of east and west germany. >> president bush sent a signal today there will be no gloating from the white house over the developments in east germany. >> i was in the oval office as part of a pool when the wall came down. >> you don't seem elated and i'm wondering if you're thinking of the problems. >> bush basically said in effect i'm not going to poke gorbachev in the eye. >> bush did come into his presidency in the shadow of ronald reagan. but maybe we had elected the right man at the right time because e he wasn't internationalist. >> you had 50 years of the cold war, two visions of the world locked in combat and then suddenly a whole world of

totalitarian rule began to fall. bush was quite cautious. he was really aware that even subtle messages from the united states could indicate all sorts of things. >> the wall fell in berlin. the questions were numerous. right away, what's going to become of europe. >> bulgaria is under a state of alert this morning. protesters set fire to the headquarters of the governing socialist party and chanted let the communists burn. >> tens of thousands of ordinary citizens stormed the headquarters of the secret police tonight. the scenes in that moment are dramatic. people in the streets proclaiming freedom. some of that was liberation. some of it had a darker side. >> romania's dictator, the last hard-line leader in the war spat has been opposed. >> romania was the most

grotesque of all the east eur e european regimes. the only way to overthrow this regime turned out to be by force. >> all hell has broken loose. >> offered graphic evidence of the fate of the deposed leader. >> they have been made to stand trial on christmas day. >> he got the kind of justice he had dealt out to many of his subjects. >> at the end of this it remarkable week, a week of bloodshed, comes a reminder of what the strug sl all about. it's about freedom and the reminder comes from berlin. >> germany was not just a symbol of the the cold war. it was the first great crisis of the cold war. >> would a giant state dominate europe. the memories are very real.

>> many europeans were very wary of reuniting germany. they liked the idea there were two germanys and they were there for weaker. >> when the european leadership saw the united states favor iin the germanys they were uneasy. they thought this was essential and right. >> we have entered a new era in world affairs. the moment when the actions we take can shape this new world for years to come. >> tofs get to unify within nato. >> the white house while repeating the member hardship is not gauchable does appear to be putting a major effort to addressing fears. >> george bush had a partner in shaping the world. that partner was gorbachev. but he wanted to be neutral.

bush always wanted a unified germany. in a very disciplined manner moved him towards that position. >> in a major concession, he agreed to the western possession that a a yunified germany is fre to join nato. you removed the tension between the two superpowers. >> this is the important picture that president bush came all the the way to get at this moment. gorbachev chooses to give president bush his present. >> having just knocked out the cold war with the world as referee. >> george bush and his national security adviser liked to fish together. and one summer they were fishing and thinking about what kind of role would emerge after all the

dominos had fallen. it's very rare that the world is so fluid and flexible that world leaders can think this way, what the world should be, what it could be. what they imagined was the world that didn't happen after world war ii. the world of collective security of big powers, sharing responsibility for preventing war. they used a term new world order. how do you achieve it. we, the people, are tired of being surprised with extra monthly fees. we want hd. and every box and dvr. all included. because we don't like surprises. yeah. like changing up the celebrity at the end to someone more handsome. and talented. really. and british. switch from cable to directv. get an all included package for $25 a month.

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today in the state of the nation speech, the president transformed 30 years of south african politics. he promised its most famous leader would soon be free. >> nelsonmen mandela has been in prison because of his actions in leading the armed struggle against apartheid. >> mr. nelson mandela, a a e free man taking his first steps. >> while the world is changing in europe, the apartheid government of south africa sees the writing on the wall. south africa won't be able to continue in the post cold world war world. >> when he's released from prison, it becomes a global

moment that signifies one of the earliest indications that the 1990 zika virus going to be a different decade. >> i greet you all. freedom for all. >> he becomes a moral beacon around the world because of the way he handled himself. so you had this world, this moment in the early '90s when the peacemakers were in charge. the stars aligned. >> there has been a dangerous late breaking development in the persian gulf. u.s. intelligence sources c confirm that it within the past few hours, more than 100,000 iraqi troops have masked along the border with kuwait. >> saddam hussein sends a fleet of tanks and other mechanized

forces to the kuwaity border. it's shocking in washington and other than western capitals. saddam hussein had a million-man army and if he invades kuwait, he could lurch into saudi arabia and the saudis would not have been able to e resist. all the oil is on the eastern side of the country on the border with iraq. >> iraq invaded and took over cokuwait today. the government of dictator saddam hussein claimed it went in at the invitation of those who had overthrown the government. no western authority accepted that story. >> many americans are concerned

that there may be a war. >> what is required of mr. bush that he doesn't want war. >> if you had been in the room with saddam hussein and interviewed him for an hour and 15 minutes and spent another hour and a half with him after the interview, you would have reached the same conclusion. no question saddam hussein was a stone cold killer. this is the opening of the post cold war era of history. if aggression was allowed to stand, nobody thought it would end there. >> president bush came of age throughout all those decades in which there were world wars, in which there was the west against. the soviets. ambassador, he'd been. everything. so he really understood the world. but for whatever reason when iraq invaded kuwait, he thought nobody would care and almost got

away with it. >> the first saturday of the crisis, i got a call on the phone from my boss. he said the president's hospi l helicoptering back. you have to brief him on the situation. there's probably going to be a lot of press there. i got to go. >> the president lands. i'm out there with my piece of paper. and he took the paper, goes over to the microphone and that's when he just said -- >> this will not stand. this will not stand this aggression against kuwait. i've got to go. i have to go to work. >> it was an ub usual sound from him. he was firm because he really meant it. bush had a moral code. i think he got it from his prep school, got it from his mother. and saddam hussein didn't do the honorable thing. he invaded another country. >> from the day the invasion took place, secretary baker led

the effort to build a global coalition. they had two expeditions overseas in which they were going around from capital to capital looking for support. >> the united nations security council has authorized the use of force against iraq. >> 14 votes in favor, none against, the resolution has been adopted. >> getting that massive alliance together truly goes down in history as one of the greatest accomplishments of any president to be able to get that many people on your side, believing in the same thing and ready to do the same thing. >> what gloria borger managed to do in iraq with the coalition is to create the beginnings of this new world order. who could have imagined the likes of the soviet union, china, and then the middle eastern states as well. standing up to one of their own. >> hundreds of demonstrators gathered to protest the inevitable. all but one, that is.

>> whatever america goes to war, there's protests in the streets. but you needed congressional support or youen wouldn't have popular support. >> the world looks to the president. he can play an historic role in leading us to solve this crisis in a nonviolent way. >> make no mistake about it. our vital interests are at stake. >> bush knew that and had to let that process go forward. you couldn't just declare war and do it. >> the hope of peace remains in my heart and the hearts of us all, but this debate is now about war. >> power in a matter of days can bring this villain to his knees. >> stop being beating the drums of war. e lelt us oppose this march to violence. >> that the new world order must begin with a new world war. >> the argument for going to war prevailed. >> president bush said the action by congress now shows

saddam hussein that the united states government is serious and united in its demand that iraq withdraw from kuwait or face the consequences. >> we have now closed ranks behind a clear signal of our determination to implement the united nations resolutions. >> it is no longer a question of if war starts, but how and when. ♪ when heartburn hits fight back fast with new tums chewy bites. fast relief in every bite. crunchy outside. chewy inside. tum tum tum tum new tums chewy bites. hey, aren't you the guy that- verizon. yeah, i switched to sprint. sprint doesn't cost you twice as much. wow! sweet freedom!

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good evening, the headlines at 6:00. more than a million troops facing each other in the desert preparing for war. >> saddam hussein warned the united states today that american troops would, quote, swim in their own blood if they go to war with iraq. >> saddam hussein started this crucial war against kuwait. tonight the battle has been joined. >> 50 minutes ago, american aircraft suddenly descended on iraq and occupied kuwait. the war in the persian gulf has begun. >> secretary, you were credited with the military build up, which has come to a lot of criticism. we have to go to baghdad,

secretary. >> something is happening outside. the sky cans over baghdad have been illuminated. we're seeing bright flashes going off all over the sky. we're getting star bursts in the black sky. >> the significance in journalism terms was it was the first time you had extensive live coverage of the war. >> our office was on the ninth floor of the rasheed hotel. we were one of the tallest buildings in baghdad, so we knew whatever was going to. happen, we would be able to see the drama. >> the military offensive overnight has been described as the largest, strongest attack in history. >> clearly, i have never been there, but it feels like we are in the center of hell. saddam hussein in an address to the iraqi people and arab nation says the mother of all wars has started. we told you earlier in the week

that the ministry had received its own satellite dish and prior to that the foreign ministry -- somebody is knocking on the door. we're going to hide. >> we opened the door and there were several armed iraqi security people. one of them could speak broken english. he said, what are you doing here? you should be in the bunker. i fell to my knees and said i won't go. i don't care about the danger. they looked a at me disgustedly and left. so i got up and closed the dor. my colleagues emerged from hiding and we continued coverage for the next 12 hours. >> what is at stake is more than one small country. it is a big idea, a new world order, where diverse nations are drawn together in common cause to achieve the universal aspirations of mankind. peace and security, freedom and

the roul of law. >> george bush was one of the ungest pilots inhe navy. he shot down, survived heroically. that experience is i so sering. the eerience of being involved in a global war between clear good and clear evil. so there is a realization that if you can use overwhelming r power, you're going to be able to not only iraqi military forces, but you're going to be able to eviscerate iraq as a functioning nation. >> you had 40 plus days of air war. and ultimately we began to run low on targets. >> president bush praises israel's continued restraint in the face of last night's attack

by iraq when seven scud missiles landed on israel. >> saddam hussein tried his damnest to provoke into entering this armed conflict, including sending scud missiles into tel aviv. >> the remains of tel aviv are this morning's scud missile attac attacks. eight missiles landed altogether in the tel aviv central area. there was no warning of them. >> it was a fairly clever ploy by saddam hussein b to split apart the coalition and it took all of the diplomatic wi wherewithal of the president to keep israel out of the war. >> the coalition will give saddam hussein until noon saturday. >> the allied coalition is on the verge of invading cokuwait d iraq by land. >> move it or lose it. >> colin powell, then chairman of the joint chiefs of staff,

believed in exerting maximum power on the ground so you wouldn't be fighting a prolonged war. this would be quick and decisive. it became known as the powell doctrine. >> the ground war started this morning as the americans and their allies attack with massive fire power that shook the earth. >> we're 15 1/2 hours into a ground war that from all the reports we're receiving is going well. so far the offensive is progressing with dramatic success. the troops are doing a great job, but the war is not over yet. >> what are your impressions of saddam hussein as a military strategist? >> norman was out of central casting. >> he's neither a strategist nor schooled in the operational art nor is he a tactician nor is he a general nor is he as a soldier. other than that, he's a great

military man. >> big and burly and confident. when he came in the briefing room, your chest swelled. it was american military might on parade. >> his presence was important. it was a huge actor on american support for the war. >> the war in the gulf is virtually over. what may be president final battle of the gulf war. >> headlines in newspapers screamed fight them, but pict e pictures from southern kuwait told a different story. >> the iraqi army began to immeremerge from their holes ine desert to give up. >> we knocked out saddam hussein in 100 hours. it was a route. >> this is sand from the liberated beaches of kuwait. >> that was a massive success. it showed the world a huge lesson. the this kind of aggression would not stand. the problem was that they didn't go all the way to baghdad. >> but that would have been a much bigger military operation because what many of the allies

signed on to was only to liberate kuwait. the united states allowed saddam hussein to stay in power. >> the message flashed in new york city's times square said it all. the war in the gulf has ended. >> saddam hussein had had bigger than life ambitions. he was willing to do whatever it took to stay in power, to exert himself, to make iraq the strategic center of the middle east. he failed at all of them.

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demonstrators protesting marched to the wall of the kremlin. this keeps the pressure on kosh trov, who promised to accelerate the pace of his reforms. these people want him to deliver on that promise, now. >> many protesters carried the flag of free revolutionary russia. >> the reforms weren't working. russia will go up several hundred percent. >> life was becoming harder.

consu consumer goods harder to find. . the economic system was breaking down. >> in a country accustomed to shortages, people were saying they have never had it so bad. >> hard liners did not like the tone of reforms introduced by gorbachev. >> his reforms were meant to restore and refresh communism and save the soviet union and had impact exactly the opposite effect. >> you had to throw it out. he wasn't able to do that. it was a matter of time before the old establishment were going to try to get rid of him. >> his message calling for national unity has fallen on deaf ears. >> it's difficult for outsiders to capture what gorbachev was in. i remember being with him traveling with president bush. he was depleted by what he had had to deal with on every level. >> it was a parade intended to celebrate a united and successful soviet military machine. but this day comes as the army

is losing its roll abroad and intending to blame mr. gorbachev. >> i had a call from the mayor of moscow and while we talked about local politics, he wrote on a sheet of paper that a coup was being organized against gorbachev and i told him that we have information that president bush wanted him to know. a koo is being organized and could. happen at almost any time. first, he sort of laugh ed and said president bush has said that we are friends and now he's prued it. you did what you should do. but don't worry, it's not going to happen. >> the vice president to public president of the the soviet union. >> it was announced on television that gorbachev was

will and a committee would take charge until he recovered. >> tanks are reported to be heading towards the russian parliament where thousands of people are gathered in defiance of the new soviet government. >> gorbachev's whereabouts are unknown. >> every year e he liked to holiday on the black sea. and his aids showed up at his home and cut off communications and took away his nuclear codes. >> the military commander, minister of the interior and prime minister joined forces to mount the coup. >> nothing threatens mr. gorbachev. he's in a safe place. except he needs some time to feel better. >> warned today that the right wing koo would have tragic

consequences. >> it is the beginning of civil war. >> extraordinary drama in moscow. scenes of destruction, of fire, of blood on the streets. >> shattered by armered vehicles. >> speculation he's being held in moscow, 50,000 people gathered at the russian parliament building. >> gorbachev wasn't that popular, but these people were even less popular than gorbachev. if they mounted a coup in 1989 or 1990 he might have fallen and the new soviet union would have been quite different. but there were already new legitimate figures that the russian people were supporting and were expecting a lot from. >>. around 50,000 supporters gathered to chant their support for the man who is now carrying the battered banal of reform. >> boris had been popularly elected as president of the

russian federation. he was emerging as an alternative power to the communist party leaders. >> let me put on pli glasses and read you a piece of wire copy that has just come across on ri reuters. boris yetson ordered all units involved in the overthrow of gorbachev to stand down and said he was assuming control on the territory of russia. clearly there's a major confr t confrontation shaping up in the russian republic. >> the day began with a session of meetings and phone calls. among his conversations were one with status in the white house has risen sudden bly to the potential savior of soviet democracy. >> when the tanks came in, the commander called him and said i'm supposed to attack you, but i will not. i will protect you. and that's when he stood up on the tank and indicated to the coup leaders these guys are with me, not you.

>> it is a coup by criminals. >> because what gorbachev brought about the communist party and military could no longer move against the russian people. that was earth shaking. >> tonight the skyline was ablaze with celebration. relief as the symbols of conflict were removed. >> he comes back to moscow, but the totalitarian system of government that had led this country for 70 years collapsed virtually overnight and that was an amazing thing to see. >> when he saw evidence his vision of a free state wasn't going to come to pass, rather than cracking down so he could stay in the kremlin, he let it happen. that takes a courage that is so unusual in world history. >> you are looking at the russian flag flying tonight over the kremlin. just before the kremlin cameras clicked on today, gorbachev said

to himself, quote, when you have to go, you have to go. he then officially resigned as president of the soviet union and turned over the nuclear codes to the new top man russia's boris yelt sin. >> society has been grant ed it freedom ask. been politically unchained and that's our biggest achievement. >> there's a saying about a revolution about its own children. in russia's case, its own father. >> i wish you all all the best. we come into this world needing others. ♪ then we are told it's braver to go it alone. ♪ but there is another way to live. ♪ a way that sees the only path to fulfillment- is through others. ♪

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fomy doctor recommended ibgard. abdominal pain and bloating. now i'm in control of my ibs. nonprescription ibgard- calms the angry gut. there are times tough wonder anybody in their right mind would want to be president of the united states. exhibit a, george bush. >> it's one of the tragedies of the system that presidents feel they need to be e reelected to prove their legacy. the first election wasn't a a fluke. >> for republicans, what a difference a year makes. 365 days ago, president bush's popularity was at an all-time high. >> after the gulf war, people believed we would have four more years. but the economy was in a a recession and everyone approved of how he handled the war, there were concerns about how he handled the economy. >> in little rock, arkansas,

governor clinton makes it official. >>. because he favors the rich at the expense of the middle class. >> i believe that together we can make america great again. >> bill clinton is very formidable. he proves early on to understand the major vulnerability of george h.w. bush and that's the economy. >> that's why today i proudly announce my candidacy for president of the united states of america. >> americans compete for fewer jobs and unemployment will be growing again by election day. >> 83,000 jobs gone. >> 140,000 americans became unemployed. >> i know the pain up here. i have heard about the lost homes and the shattered lives. we had won the cold war and i thought of instead of putting countries abroad first, it was time that we started looking out for our own country and our own people and all of these things

led me to believe if nobody is going to do it, i think i might. >> we are tomorrow. so i am declaring my candidacy to the republican nomination for president of the united states. >> pat buchanan is a guy who worked in the nixon administration and pushing nixon to the right. pat buchanan became george bush's worst nightmare. he starts talking to the american people who are feeling a little unsure as the reagan prosperity engine sputters. >> while george bush was an excellent foreign policy is president, he was not a good politician. >> to get to that. >> let me quote the words of one leader. >> pick this up or take it out of my pocket. >> george bush was a little awkward. it's like he's pretending to be a politician. he did not look forward to the

'92 election. >> public criticism of his foreign travels, his trip to japan was about jobs. the result was hardly what his image makers hoped for. >> the lone camera in the dining room was locked in on the head table when president bush was overcome by nausea and fell trd. it appears he lost consciousness as he toppled over on to his host. >> this man who had overseen the soft landing of the cold war, who was chander in chief for a brilliant victory against iraq would be viewed as a weak leader. he vomited into the lap of the japanese prime minister and it was caught on tape. the timing, the optics couldn't have been worse and he knew it. the primaries were about to begin. >> when i get the flu, i do it in a very dramatic, dramatic way. but it was so embarrassing.

>> this is a 92 vote special report. >> i'm peter jennings. a brief interruption for an update. the voters of new hampshire very concerned with the state of the economy. their own particularly have given president bush ab unpleasant surprise. although abc news projected a victory for the president, conservative commentator patrick buchanan is likely to get 40% of the vote. >> he's able to get the critical mass of people. with his charisma to produce a rift in the republican party. >>. the texas billionaire with lots of ideas. >> it z there any se nar you you would run for president? >> i will not run as a democrat or republican because i will not sell out to anybody but to the american people. i will sell out to them. >> ross perot announced he was going to run for president as an independent. >> i don't want any money from anybody but you. >> i didn't win the nomination.

but i think ross perot saw what we did, saw the vulnerability of bush and made his decision right then to go. >> it's one thing for sure. ross perot's way of campaigning struck a cord with many voters. >> he bought a half hour on nbc to talk about his plan for curing what ails the economy. >> ross perot, plain talk about jobs, debt and the washington mess. >> i thought it would be a good idea to take the most important problem first. that problem is our economy and jobs. >> out of nowhere comes ross perot, had this straight talking billionaire who looks a a little goofy, but because he has the old southern charming, he's able to evoke an old fashioned america that ands a ands are ross perot starts running against george h.w. bush. >> let me just go on record one time tonight, we can win.

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in a world where we're just one dictatorship away from crisis, who do you trust to be sitting in this chair? >> they deal with foreign policy because they don't have to deal with congress, they can move and act. but the truth is that most american elections are determined by domestic politics, not so much by your foreign achievements. so george h.w. bush, even after this amazing victory in the persian gulf, runs into storms. >> campaign '92. >> good evening, george bush, bill clinton and ross perot are about to make their second joint appearance of the campaign. >> bill clinton is someone who understood that the best way to learn about the problems of his constituents was to sit is there and talk to them. bill clinton loved the town hall

format. >> you know people who lost their jobs and lost their homes? >> oh, yeah. >> in my home state, when people lose their jobs, i know them by first names. >> george bush didn't have that personal touch. >> it has a lot to do with interest rates -- >> she's saying you, personally. >> how has it affected you? >> this whole experience of the town hall is clearly excruciating for george bush. he really likes people but he's not particularly good at it. >> if the question -- maybe i'll get it wrong. are you suggesting that if somebody has means, that the national debt doesn't affect them? >> what i'm saying -- >> i'm not sure -- help me with the question and i'll try to answer it. >> of it was completely dominating american politics and george bush didn't benefit from that. >> what will you do as president to open foreign markets to fair competition from american business? >> we have got to stop sending jobs overseas. >> one of ross perot's big arguments during the debates is the nafta agreement, which president bush supports and is trying to push, is going to cost

american jobs. >> if you can move your factories south of the border and you don't care about anything but making money, there will be a sucking sound going south. >> this is an argument that in the middle of the recession, resonates with a lot of voters. >> we have a question right here. >> and then when he's being asked the question, president bush looks at his watch that symbolizes every bad image people have. he didn't care, he wasn't very interested. >> at the second debate, the president left many of his supporters shaking their heads. the president kept looking at his watch. campaign aides said he was merely concerned his opponents were getting too much time, but it made him look impatient and disinterested. >> that is the george bush of 1992. completely out of step with the direction that american culture's taking. >> democrat bill clinton, the once obscure governor of a small southern state has wrapped up electoral votes needed to win the presidency of the united states. in doing so, he defeated a gop

incumbent once believed unbeatable. >> when bush loses the 1992 election, it is certainly a generational shift. >> content really does trounce bush in a way that is pretty significant and jarring for a sitting president to be defeated in that way. >> my fellow americans additi addition -- >> george bush was a proud guy and he was human. and when he lost in 1992, he we want. >> george bush is only the fourth elected president this century to be rejected by the people and denied his seconds term. >> he wrote in his diary that he was wrushed. that he had been humiliated. after all he had done for his country and for all the service he rendered in war and peace, he was being told to go home. that was a painful message. >> hey, listen, we got to get going. thank you. the people have spoken and we

respect the majesty of the democratic system. i just called governor clinton in little rock and offered my congratulations. >> george bush took the loss to bill clinton very hard. bill clinton was his son's age. >> thank you so much. thank you. >> people are sure that george bush's presidency will be the overlooked moment between the charisma of ronald reagan and bill clinton. we see bush's stock going up. he simple let the soviet union go into the dust bin of history and america emerged as the great power of the 1990s. >> he won the world but he lost his own country. and the reason was, in no small degree, economics. in american politics, most people in the end vote the pocketbooks. >> i believe that history will deal extraordinarily kindly with

president bush, the way he brought about germany's unification and nato, the way he dealt with iraqi aggression, but doing it in a way that brought the international community together. >> people often think history's scripted, but there are moments in history when even the most powerful people don't really know what's going to come next. and this was that time in world the world owes george bush such a debt of gratitude, for leading us through this. >> if it's true that george bush prizes loyalty above all, then this must have been one of the most gratifying sights of his political life. devoted employees, party faithful, old friends and family all gathered in a sort of communal effort to put the bruising campaign and humiliating loss behind them. >> we will support the new president and give him every chance to lead this country into greater heights. i -- i am very grateful to all

of you. it's been a wonderful four years. and i think we've really contributed something to the country and maybe history will record it that way. thank you all very, very much. it's a life and death experience. you go up there, you take your life in your hands. >> my stomach hurts badly. and i've been nauseous all day. >> you're overthinking what you're wearing, how you're going to say the first thing you're going to say. >> i feel so -- i wonder why tonight? why again? >> ladies and gentlemen, robin williams. >> patton oswalt. >> richard pryor. >> when i walk on stage, i'm riddle